Xenódi[o], _as_ Xén[o].
Xen[o]féggia, _the first Moone in September so called of the Grecians._
Xer[o]líphi[o], _a Sepulcher made of stones for Princes to be buried
in._
Xer[o]phtalmía, _sorenesse or smarting of the eies._
Xífi[o], _as_ Xíphi[o], _or_ Xíphie.
Xilína, _a kind of Linnen-cloath made of_ G[o]ssipi[ó]ne _or_ Xil[ó]ne.
Xil[o]bálsam[o], _the wood of the Balme-tree._
Xil[o]cinam[ó]m[o], _the wood of the Cinamond-tree._
Xil[ó]ne, _as_ G[o]ssipi[ó]ne, _which is a kind of Cotten or Bumbace._
Xil[o]phág[o], _a worme breeding in timber._
Xil[o]philáce, _a Wood-man or Forrester._
Xíphie, _blasing Starres short and sharp pointed in the top, shaking
and brandishing like a Darte, and very swift._
Xíphi[o], _the Sword-fish or Emperour of the Sea, so called because
it hath a beake like a sword. Also the weed Stinking-gladen or
Spurge-wort, or as some say Glader or Flags._
Xiphi[ó]ne, _as_ Xíphi[o]. _Also Spurge-wort._
Xisti[ó]ne, _a kind of precious stone._
Xist[ó]ne, _a place of exercise in faire weather, a wrestling-place._
FINIS.
NECESSARY
RVLES AND SHORT
OBSERVATIONS FOR THE
TRVE PRONOVNCING AND
SPEEDIE LEARNING OF
The Italian Tongue.
COLLECTED FOR THE
IMPERIALL MAIESTIE OF
ANNA, Crowned Queene of England,
_Scotland, France and Ireland, &c._
By IOHN FLORIO Reader of the Italian tongue
_vnto her Maiestie, and one of the Gentlemen_
of her Royall Priuie Chamber.
(* *)
*
[Illustration: THOV SHALT LABOR FOR PEACE PLENTIE]
_LONDON_
Printed by _W. Stansby_ for _Edward Blunt_ and _William
Barret_. 1611.
NECESSARIE RVLES AND
SHORT OBSERVATIONS FOR
THE TRVE PRONOVNCING AND SPEEDY
LEARNING OF THE ITALIAN TONGVE,
Collected for the Imperiall Maiestie of ANNA, Crowned
Queene of England, Scotland, France and
Ireland, &c.
By IOHN FLORIO Reader of the Italian tongue
_vnto her Maiestie, and one of the Gentlemen_
of her Royall Priuie Chamber.
(* *)
*
Of Pronounciation.
_The Italian tongue is pronounced as it is written, and written as
it is pronounced: No letter of it is lost or altered but_ G. _& that
chiefly when_ N. _followeth the same, as in these wordes._ Ingégn[o],
Mágn[o], Pégn[o], Ségn[o], Sdégn[o], &c. _which then is pronounced
much like the English word Onion, as if an_ I. _were included between
the_ N. _and the vowell following: It is likewise somwhat lost when_
Li. _followes it, as in these, and infinite other wordes_, Fígli[o],
M[ó]glie, Quégli, Tógliere, _and then it is pronounced as the Welchmen
and Spaniards pronounce their double_ Ll. _in_ Lloid, _and_ Quéll[o],
_or as the French men doe their double_ Ll. _after an_ I. _as in their
words_ Fille, Estrille, Merueille, &c. _except in the word_ Negligénza,
_where it is pronounced as in the Latine, or in this English word
Gleeke._
. . . . . . .
_Note that_ C. _before_ A. O. _and_ V. _is euer pronounced as_ K.
_in English: which the Italians neuer vse, as in these wordes_. Cása,
Cásta, Cóll[o], Cósa, Cúlla, Custóde, &c. _Whereas before_ E. _and_
I. _it is euer pronounced as_ Ch _in English, as in these wordes_,
Celẻste, Cẻlebre, Cíb[o], Cínt[o], _as you doe in these English wordes,
Cheape, Cheries, Children, Cheese, and such._
. . . . . . .
_Note that whensoeuer_ C. _is double before_ A. O. _and_ V. _it is
euer pronounced as double_ K. _in English, as_ Accasáre, Accadére,
Acc[o]m[o]dáre, Accostáre, Accumuláre, Accusáre, &c. _whereas if
it come double before_ E. _and_ I. _as in these wordes_ Eccẻdere,
Eccellẻnte, Accióche, Vccídere, Vccisi[ó]ne, _you must pronounce the
first_ C. _as a_ T. _as if they were written_, Etcẻdere, Etcellẻnte,
Atcióche, Vtcídere, Vtcisi[ó]ne, &c.
. . . . . . .
_Note that_ Ch. _is at all times, and in all Italian wordes pronounced
as the letter_ K. _in English, as in these wordes_, Chè, Chénte, Chì,
Chiúnque, _euen as you doe in these English wordes, Kettle, Kent,
Keeper, Kindred, &c._
. . . . . . .
_Note that the rule giuen for_ C. _may also serue for the letter_ G.
_for before_ A. O. _and_ V. _it is pronounced as in English, as_ Gámba,
G[ó]ndola, Gúglia, &c. _as Gad, God, Good: whereas before_ E. _and_
I. _it is pronounced as the_ I. _being a consonant in English wordes,
as_ Gentíle, Ginócchi[o], &c. _and_ Ghe. _in Italian is pronounced
as_ Gue. _or_ Gui. _in English, as_ Ghermíre, Ghirlánda, _as in these
wordes, Gealding, Guilt, &c. and if_ G. _be double before_ A. O. _and_
V. _pronounce it as you doe in English, but being double before_ E.
_or_ I. _as in these wordes_, Lẻggere, Leggiér[o], Lóggia, Loggiáre.
_You must pronounce the first_ G. _as it were a_ D. _euen as you doe in
these English wordes, Hedge, Pledge, Dredge, Madge, Lodge, Drudge, &c._
. . . . . . .
_For so much as the Italians haue two very different sounds for the
two vowels_, E. _and_ O. _which for distinctions sake, they name the
one close and the other open, and that I neuer yet saw booke printed
with their differences but one, which was the Familiar letters of that
learned man_ Claudio Tolomẻi, _and that no rule hath yet beene giuen in
so many of their tedious Grammars for the helpe of the learner, or for
the right vse of them; to ease him, and teach him to avoide the many
errors that diuers commit (namely my countrey men the English) in not
giuing them their right sounds, I haue thought it most convenient to
say something of them._
_Note then that throughout all my Dictionarie I haue caused two
seuerall_ E. _and two different_ O. _to be cast and vsed, whereby the
reader and learner may assuredly know how to pronounce them right, and
giue them their proper and due sounds._
_The close_ E. _hath euer this forme_, e. _and is pronouced as the
English_ E. _or_ Ea. _as in these wordes, Bell, Beane, Den, Deane,
Fell, Flea, Meade, Quell, Sell, Tell, &c. and the open_ E. _hath this
forme_ ẻ _which is euer pronounced as_ Ai. _in English, as in these
words Baile, Baine, Daine, Faile, Flaile, Maide, Quaile, Saile, Taile,
&c._
_The close_ E. _is seene in these Italian wordes_, Béne, Béuere,
Sedére, Tenére, Vedére, _and infinite others, and the open_ E. _in
these_, Bẻll[o], Bẻstia, Sẻlla, Sẻdia, Tẻsta, Tẻrra, Vẻrr[o], Vẻste,
&c.
_So likewise to the close O. I haue throughout my booke giuen this
oualle forme O. and to the open this round forme_ O. _The first, close
or oualle is euer pronounced as the English single_ V. _in these
wordes, Bun, Dug, Flud, Gud, Rud, Stun, Tun, &c. whereas the other
round or open is euer pronounced as our_ O. _in these wordes, Bone,
Dog, Flow, God, Rod, Stone, Tone, &c. as for example in these Italian
wordes_, I[o] h[o]n[ó]r[o] il mí[o] Dí[o] c[ó]n [ó]gni diu[o]ti[ó]ne,
_where euery O. is close and oualle. And in these_, lúi mi vuóle
tórre la mia t[ó]rre; _or else_, lúi mi hà r[ó]sa la mia rósa: _where_
Tórre _with an open or round_ O. _is a verbe and signifieth to take,
and_ t[ó]rre _with a close or oualle O. is a noune substantiue, and
signifieth a tower; and_ R[ó]sa _with an oualle and close O. is a
participle of the verbe_ Ródere, _and signifieth Gnawne or Nibled, and_
Rósa _with a round or open_ O. _is a noune substantiue, and signifieth
the floure that we call a Rose._
_I could with many amplifications insist vpon these two letters, but
because I desire to shunne prolixity, and addresse mine endeauours to
reasonable creatures, and no Critikes, I thinke this sufficient, & for
a triall referre them to my Dictionarie, where they may perceiue euery
word truly accented, which was yet neuer seen in any printed booke of
what language soeuer, and which was only done for her sacred Maiestie,
whom alone next to God I desire to serue and satisfie, which if shee
be, I haue my desire, I aime no further, and care not for the vulgar._
. . . . . . .
_Note that_ I. _is neuer consonant in the Italian tongue, but euer a
vowell, and is commonly pronounced as double_ Ee. _in English, as in
these words_, Biánc[o], Gridáre, Gír[o], Líbr[o], Mirác[o]l[o], Níd[o],
Siréna, Tír[o], Vilúpp[o], &c. _as you doe in these English words, Bee,
Creeke, Greene, Lee, Neede, Meede, Queene, Seene, Speede, Reede, Seede,
Tree, Weede, &c._
. . . . . . .
_Note that_ Sce, _and_ Sci, _as in these Italian wordes_ Scẻmpi[o],
Scelerát[o], Scilinguát[o], Scim[o]nít[o], &c. _are euer pronounced as
you doe_ Sh. _in these English words, Shame, Shent, Sheepe, Ship, &c._
. . . . . . .
_Note that_ V. _in the beginning, and sometimes in the middle of words,
namely another vowell following the same, is euen a consonant, as
in_ Vári[o], Vedére, Veníre, Antiuedére, Preueníre, &c. _but being a
vowell, as in these words_, Cúra, Fur[ó]re, Manducáre, Natúra, Pút[o],
Rúta, &c. _it is commonly pronounced as double_ Oo. _in English, as in
these words, Foode, Moode, Good, Moote, Roode, Stoode, Wood, &c._
. . . . . . .
_Note that the coniunction copulatiue_ Et. Ed. _or_ E. _comming before
a vowell it ought to be pronounced_ Et. _or_ Ed. _as for example_,
Antóni[o], ẻt Andrẻa, ẻt í[o] siám[o] trè, _or else_, Antóni[o], ẻd
Andrẻa ẻd i[o] siám[o] trè. _whereof the latter is the most elegant.
Whereas before consonants it ought to be pronounced but as single
open_ E. _as for example_, I[o], ẻ tù, ẻ lui, ẻ tútti gli áltri n[ó]n
facciám[o] chè vn córp[o], _except sometimes in verse by_ Poẻtica
Licẻnza, _which among Italians is very great._
. . . . . . .
_Note that when two_ Zz. _come together betweene two vowels, as in
these words_, Bẻllézza, Cẻrtézza, Grandézza, F[o]rtézza, &c. _you
ought to pronounce the first_ Z. _as a_ T. _as if they were written_
Bẻllétza, Cẻrtétza, F[o]rtétza, Grandétza, &c. _except in these words_,
Mẻzzán[o], Mẻzz[o], Lẻzz[o], Rẻzz[o], R[ó]zz[o], _and some few others,
where the first_ Z. _is pronounced as a_ D. _as if they were written_,
Mẻdzán[o], Mẻdz[o], Lẻdz[o], Rẻdz[o], R[ó]dz[o], &c. _all which words
were better written and printed with a single_ Z. _then with a double._
_Note also that when_ Z. _commeth betweene a vowell and a consonant,
as in these words_, Ammorzáre, Fórza, Scórza, Sénza, &c. _you ought to
pronounce the same_ Z. _as if a_ T. _did goe before it, as if they were
written_, Ammortzáre, Fórtza, Scórtza, Séntza, &c.
_Thus much I thinke sufficient for the pronunciation._
Of the Articles of the Italian tongue, and of the frequent vse of them.
_Note that there is no part of speech more necessary to be truly knowen
of him that learneth Italian, then the Articles, forsomuch as without
them no man can perfectly distinguish of genders, which are two,
Masculine and Feminine; of numbers, which are also two, Singular and
Plurall; and of Cases, which are sixe; Nominatiue, Genitiue, Datiue,
Accusatiue, Vocatiue, and Ablatiue; and no language hath so frequent
vse of them, as the Italian, I haue therefore set them downe, and how
they are to be declined and vsed. The Articles are in number seuen:
fiue of the Masculine, and two of the Feminine genders. Of the fiue
Masculine, two are of the Singular, and three of the Plurall number.
Of the two Feminine, one is of the Singular, and one of the Plurall
number._
The fiue articles of the Masculine gender are.
_Mas. Sing._ _Mas. Plu._ _Mas. Sing._ _Mas. Plu._ _Mas. Plu._
No. il. i. l[ó]. gli. li.
Ge. dél. déi, de'. déll[o]. dégli. délli.
Da. al. ai, a'. áll[o]. ágli. álli.
Accu. il. i. l[ó]. gli. li.
Voca. ô. ó. ó. ó. ô.
Abla. dal. dái, da'. dáll[o]. dágli. dálli.
_All which haue but one in English, and that is, The; which serueth for
both genders and numbers; for you say, the man, the men, the woman, and
the women._
_Fem. Sing._ _Fem. Plu._ _In English._
Nom. la. le. _the._
Gen. délla. délle. _of the._
Dat. álla. álle. _to the._
Accu. la. le. _the._
Vo. ó. ó. _oh the._
Abla. dálla. dálle. _from, of, or by the._
. . . . . . .
Of the true vse of these Articles.
_Note that_ Il _and_ I, _are commonly and ought to be vsed before
nounes or words that begin with consonants, as_ Il béne, Il d[ó]lce, Il
Mále, Il líbr[o], Il Préncipe, Il Rẻ, &c. I béni, I d[ó]lci, I máli, I
líbri, I Préncipi, I Rẻ, &c.
. . . . . . .
_Note that_ L'[ó], _and_ Gli, _are or els ought euer to be vsed before
nounes or words beginning with vowels, and are commonly by the best
Speakers or Writers apostrophed, and pronounced together as they were
but one word, as_ L'abbáte, L'altáre, L'Angel[o], L'am[ó]re, L'ódi[o],
&c. gl'abbáti, gl'altári, gl'Angeli, gl'am[ó]ri, gl'ódij, &c.
. . . . . . .
_Note that forsmuch as good Italians shun as a thing most harsh among
them, to haue or vse many consonants together, namely aboue two,
seldome three, and never foure; and that there be diuers words of the
Masculine gender that begin with_ S. _and one or more consonants follow
the same, as_ Spirit[o], Strále, Strácci[o], Str[o]mẻnt[o], &c. _Before
such words they will not, according to the foresaid rule, vse the
Articles_ Il, _and_ I, _but will say and write, as being more pleasing
in pronouncing, and to the eare_, l[o] Spírit[o], l[o] Strácci[o], l[o]
Strále, l[o] Str[o]mẻnt[o], gli Spíriti, gli Stráccij, gli Stráli, gli
Str[o]mẻnti, &c.
. . . . . . .
_Note that the Article_ Li, _is and may indifferently be vsed before
consonants or vowels, as_ Li árb[o]ri, li cittadíni, li quáli, &c. _and
I am of opinion that were it not that some ancient Writers haue vsed
the same, moderne Writers would not much vse it._
. . . . . . .
_Note that_ La, _and_ Le, _before vowels are vsually apostrophed and
pronounced as one word, whereas before consonants they are written and
pronounced seuerally: as for example_, L'ácqua, l'ánima, l'altézza,
l'acque, l'ánime, l'altézze, &c. La bálla, la Cárne, la fáccia, la
ménte, la tẻrra, &c. Le bálle, le Carni, le fáccie, le ménti, le tẻrre,
&c.
. . . . . . .
_Note that the foresaid particles are not euer or properly articles,
except they be ioyned vnto absolute nounes, whether substantiues,
adiectiues, or proper: for if they be affixed vnto verbes (as they
are very often) they change their property, and become pronounes
deriuatiues from the primitiues, or else demonstratiues of the Datiue
and Accusatiue cases, as for example_; I[o] gli diédi, _I gaue him:_
I[o] il víddi, _I saw him:_ Tù l[o] c[o]n[ó]sci, _thou knowest him:_
Tù i Sénti, _thou hearest them,_ Tù la t[ó]cchi, _thou touchest her:_
Tù le fai mále, _thou dost her hurt: and with verbes of priuation, as
hereafter shall be better declared_, Gli, _and_ li, _and_ le _become of
the Ablatiue case: as for example;_ Tù gli rubásti, _thou stolest from
him, or them._ Tu li tollésti, _thou tookest from him or them:_ Tu la
furásti, _thou stolest from her._
. . . . . . .
_Note also that these two Articles_ La _and_ Li _are sometimes aduerbes
of place, signifying There, or in that place, and then they are
commonly accented, as_ Là _and_ Lì.
. . . . . . .
_Note that to the Articles are diuers times affixed these prepositions,
as_ Di _of the Genitiue case_, A _of the Datiue, and_ Da _of the
Ablatiue; which so ioyned, make of the Genitiue_ Del, Dell', Déi, De',
Déll[o], Dégli, Délli, Délla, Delle, _and of the Datiue_ Al, All',
Ai, A', All[o], Agli, Alli, Alla, Alle, _and of the Ablatiue_ Dál,
Dáll', Dái, Da', Dáll[o], Dágli, Dálli, Dálla, Dálle; _which sometimes
are in the Italian tongue diuersly vsed, and lose their ordinary
significations: as for example; those of the Genitiue case become
somtimes the signe of a comparison, in English, Then, or Then the,
namely, after the Aduerbs of quantity,_ Più, _or_ Mén[o], _as thus:_ Tù
Sẻi più dótt[o] di mè, mà n[ó]n già déll'amíc[o] nóstr[o]. _Other times
following a verbe and being before a noune substantiue, whose quality
may be diuisible, they become Aduerbs of quantity, and signifie Some,
or part of, as thus,_ Dámmi dél páne ẻ dél vin[o], ẻt i[o] tì darò
délla cárne, dégl'óssi, ẻ dél pésce.
. . . . . . .
_Note that_ Alla, _being placed before any noune adiectiue, it makes
the same an aduerbe of similitude; like vnto, or after the fashion of,
as thus,_ I[o] pr[o]céd[o] álla reále, _I proceed like vnto an honest
man, or honest-man-like. Or thus,_ Lui párla all'Italiána, vẻste álla
Francése, béue álla T[o]désca, &c. _He speaketh after the Italian
fashion, clotheth after the French, and drinkes after the Dutch manner,
&c._
_And euen so doth_ Da, _being placed before a noune substantiue, as
thus,_ I[o] pr[o]céd[o] da huóm[o] da béne, tù vẻsti da capitán[o],
párli da D[o]tt[ó]re, ẻ fái da p[o]ltr[ó]ne.
. . . . . . .
_Note that all the Datiue cases_ A, Al, All', All_o_, Alla, Ai, A',
Agli, Alli, Alle, _as also all these Articles, Affixes, or Pronounes
deriuatiues_, Mi, Ti, Si, Ci, Vi, Me, Te, Se, Ce, Ve, Ne, _which are of
the Datiue case, if any of them be affixed to any verbes of priuation,
as_ Asc[ó]ndere, Furáre, Rubbáre, Tógliere, &c. _contrary to all rules
(and which was yet neuer noted in any Grammar that I haue seene) they
all become of the Ablatiue case, and with no other verbes, as thus,_
I[o] hò leuáte le fórze a', _or,_ alli miéi amici, Tù mi t'asc[ó]ndi,
Tù ci hai furáti i nostri líbri; Di[o] vi torrà i vóstri piacéri,
v[ó]i ne hauéte tólt[o] il nóstr[o] ripós[o]. I peccat[ó]ri non si
póss[o]n[o] nasc[ó]ndere á Dí[o], &c. _which be meere Italianismes._
. . . . . . .
_Note also that the Preposition of the Ablatiue case_ Da. _whether
alone or ioyned to any Article, as_ Dál, Dai, Dáll[o], Dágli, Dálli,
Dálla, Dálle, _comming after any of these verbes of motion_, Andáre,
C[ó]rrere, Fuggíre, Veníre, &c. _so that the party or persons to whom
you goe, runne, flie, or come, be named or mentioned, contrary to
all rules giuen in Grammars, they become of the Datiue case. As for
example,_ Andánd[o] dal Sign[ó]r Pá[o]l[o], C[ó]rsi dálla Sign[ó]ra
María, v[o]lẻnd[o] fuggíre dalli Sign[ó]ri Th[o]mas[o] ẻd Andrẻa, vénni
dal Sign[ó]r Henric[o], &c.
_Note also that the preposition of the Ablatiue case_ Da. _comming
before any Noune numerall or number, it serueth for the Preposition_,
Círca _or_ Int[ó]rn[o], _in English, About, as thus._ Éran[o] da venti
s[o]ldáti. _They were about twenty souldiers._ I[o] vi tr[o]uái da
diẻci huómini da béne. _There I found about ten honest men, &c._
_Note also that_ Da, _or_ Da' _are likewise often vsed for an Aduerbe
of exception, sauing or except: but then the thing excepted must
immediately follow_ Da, _and_ Infuóri _or in_ pói, _must succeede the
same, as_ I[o] truóu[o] m[ó]lte cóse da denári in fuóri. Tútti s[ó]n[o]
huómini da béne da' furbi in pói. &c.
. . . . . . .
_Note that these prepositions_, C[o]n, Pẻr, In, N[ó]n, _are often
ioyned vnto Articles, and made as one word or sillable, as for_ C[o]n
il. C[o]n i. C[o]n l[o]. C[o]n gli. C[o]n la. C[o]n le. _the Italians
will say and write._ C[o]l tẻmp[o]. C[o]i líbri. C[o]' fratẻlli.
C[o]ll'am[ó]re. C[o]gl'ódij. C[ó]lla mádre. C[ó]lle s[o]rẻlle, &c. _in
English, with or with the._
. . . . . . .
_In steede of,_ Pẻr il. Pẻr i. Pẻr l[o]. Pẻr gli. Pẻr li. Pẻr la. Pẻr
le. _They say and write._ Pẻl. Pẻi. Pẻ', Pẻll[o]. Pẻgli. Pẻlli. Pẻlla.
Pẻlle. _For, Through, or by the._
. . . . . . .
_In steede of,_ In il. In i. In l[o]. In gli. In li. In la. In le.
_They say and write,_ Nél. Nei. Ne'. Néll[o]. Négli, Nélli. Nélla.
Nélle. _In English, In, Into, or in the._
. . . . . . .
_In steede of,_ N[o]n il. N[o]n i. N[o]n l[o]. N[o]n gli. N[o]n
li. N[o]n la. N[o]n le. _They say and write,_ N[o]l. N[o]i. N[o]'.
N[ó]ll[o]. N[ó]gli. N[ó]lli. N[ó]lla. N[ó]lle. _In English, Not the,
not him, not her, or not them, &c. Let this suffice for the Articles
and the vse of them._
Of Nounes in generall, namely of Substantiues, and of the vse of them.
_A Noune is properly any thing of Essence or Substance, which may
either be touched, seene, or imagined, as_ Árb[o]re, Córn[o], Fi[ó]re,
Sáss[o], &c. S[ó]le, Lúna, Ciẻl[o], Stélla, &c. Dí[o], Ánima, Speránza,
Paradís[o], &c.
_Note that all Italian Nounes, both Substantiues, Adiectiues, and
Proper, be either of the Masculine or Feminine genders, and that most
of them be either meerely Latine, or deriued of the Latine. Those that
be Latine, haue only the Ablatiue case singular of the same, which
serueth for all cases singular of the Italian, and only the Articles
distinguish both genders and numbers; so that whosoeuer knowes the
Articles perfectly, and learneth to decline but one Noune, shall
thereby know how to decline all. I will not therfore be tedious._
. . . . . . .
_Note that all Masculine Nounes in the singular number, end and
terminate either in_ O. _or in_ E. _or in_ A. _and all in_ I. _in
the Plurall, except some few heteroclites, whereof shall be spoken
hereafter, as for example._ Il Castẻll[o], Il Ciẻl[o], Il líbr[o], Il
tẻmp[o], L'ódi[o], L'[o]rgógli[o], &c. I castẻlli, I ciẻli, I líbri,
I tẻmpi, Gl'ódij, gl'[o]rgógli, &c. Il fiúme, Il nóme, Il pádre, Il
sángue, Il túrbine, &c. I fiúmi, I nómi, I pádri, I sángui, I túrbini,
&c. Il Dúca, Il Poẻta, Il Pr[o]fẻta, l'Euangelísta, &c. I Dúchi, I
Poẻti, I Pr[o]phẻti, Gl'Euangelisti, &c.
. . . . . . .
_Note that most of Italian Feminine nounes end in the singular either
in_ A. _or in_ E. _if in_ A. _then in_ E. _in the plurall. As for
example,_ La bálla. la cárta. la tẻrra. la táu[o]la, &c. Le bálle. le
cárte. le tẻrre. le táu[o]le. &c. L'ácqua. L'ánima. L'ácque. L'ánime.
&c. _And if in_ E. _in the singular, then in_ I. _in the plurall, as
for example,_ La c[o]nsuetúdine. La mádre. La ménte. La salúte. &c.
Le c[o]nsuetúdini. Le mádri. Le ménti. Le salúti, &c. L'[o]ccasi[ó]ne.
L'[o]ccasi[ó]ni. _One only Feminine noune endeth in_ O. _that is,_ La
mán[o], _which in the plurall endeth in_ I. _as_ Le máni.
. . . . . . .
_Note that all Feminine nounes that in their Ablatiue case singular
of the Latin end in_ Áte, _or_ V´te. _The Italians (namely in prose)
reiect and loose the last sillable_ Té, _and take the rest, euer
placing an accent ouer the last_ A. _or_ V. _making Singular and
Plurall all one, which they distinguish by the Articles, or by the
Adiectiues, or by the Pronounes ioyned vnto them, as for example,_ La
Città. La qualità. La quantità. La realità. &c. Le città. Le qualità.
Le quantità. Le realità. &c. La gi[o]uentù. La seruitù. La vertù. &c.
Le giouentù. Le seruitù. Le vertù. &c. _Yet obserue that Poets may, and
doe often dispence with this rule: for at their pleasure they may vse
both, yea and often change_ Te _into_ De, _as for example._ La città.
la cittáte. la cittáde. La qualità. la qualitáte. la qualitáde. La
vertù. la vertúte. la vertúde. &c. Le città. le cittáti. le cittádi. Le
qualitá. le qualitáti. le qualitádi. Le vertù. le vertúti. le vertúdi.
&c.
. . . . . . .
_Note that all Italian Feminine nounes that end in_ Ántia _or_ Éntia,
_may at the pleasure of the speaker or writer, end in_ Anza _or_
Enza, _and Tuscans count the latter the best, as thus_ Ab[o]ndántia,
Ab[o]ndánza. Vigilántia, Vigilánza, &c. Diligẻntia, Diligẻnza,
Patiẻntia, Patiẻnza, &c.
. . . . . . .
_Note that all Italian Masculine Nounes, that in the singular end in_
Io. _whereof there are many, should in the plurall end in_ ij. _as
for example._ Essẻrcíti[o], Ódi[o], Óti[o], Víti[o], Essẻrcítij, Ódij,
Ótij, Tẻmpij, Vitij, &c.
. . . . . . .
_Note that most of those Latine Nounes that in their Ablatiue case
singular end in_ Ine. _as_ Flúmine, Nómine, Sánguine, _the Italians
loose and reiect that sillable_ Ne, _and changing the_ I. _into_ E.
_they say._ Fiúme, Nóme, Sángue, _excepting_ Hómine, _whereof they
frame_ Huóm[o] _in the singular, and_ Huómini _in the plurall, yet vse
they to say,_ Fúlmine, Túrbine, Fúlmini, Túrbini.
. . . . . . .
_Note that adding an Article of the Masculine gender to any Infinitiue
moode, the same becommeth a Noune substantiue, a thing much vsed among
the Italians, as also by putting a Pronoune demonstratiue before them,
as thus._ Il mi[o] descináre n[o]n mi c[ó]sta núlla. Il d[o]rmíre di
gi[ó]rn[o] n[o]n ẻ sán[o]. L'amáre il m[ó]nd[o] n[o]n piáce a Di[o].
Quést[o] tánt[o] studiáre n[o]n vi gi[ó]ua. Quést[o] vóstr[o] lẻggere
vi darà nóia. Quéll[o] C[ó]rrere in frétta fà cadére, &c.
. . . . . . .