countries where boiling-point observations are most desired, has
never the advantage of a contemporaneous boiling-point observation at
a lower station. The approximate difference in height is hence, in
most cases, deduced from the assumption, that the boiling-point
temperature at the level of the sea, at the place of observation, is
212 degrees, and that the corresponding temperature of the air at the
level of the sea is hotter by one degree for every 330 feet of
difference in elevation. As, however, the temperature of boiling
water at the level of the sea varies at Calcutta between July and
January almost from 210.7 degrees to 212.6 degrees, I always took the
Calcutta barometer observation at the day and hour of my
boiling-point observation, and corrected my approximate height by as
many feet as correspond to the difference between the observed height
of the barometer at Calcutta and 29.921; this correction was almost
invariably (always normally) subtractive in the summer, often
amounting to upwards of 400 feet: it was additive in winter, and
towards the equinoxes it was very trifling.
For practical purposes I found it sufficient to assume the Calcutta
temperature of the air at the day and hour of observation to be that
of the level of the sea at the place of observation, and to take out
the multiplier, from the mean of this and of the temperature at the
upper station. As, however, 330 feet is a near approach to what I
have shown (Appendix I.) to be the mean equivalent of 1 degree for
all elevations between 6000 and 18,000 feet; and as the majority of
my observations were taken between these elevations, it results that
the mean of all the multipliers employed in Sikkim for forty-four
observations amounts to 65.1 degrees Fahrenheit, using the Calcutta
and upper station observations, and 65.3 degrees on the assumption of
a fall of 1 degree for every 330 feet. To show, however, how great an
error may accrue in individual cases from using the formula of
1 degree to 330, I may mention that on one occasion, being at an
elevation of 12,000 feet, with a temperature of the air of 70
degrees, the error amounted to upwards of 220 feet, and as the same
temperature may be recorded at much greater elevations, it follows
that in such cases the formula should not be employed without
modification.
A multitude of smaller errors, arising from anomalies in the
distribution of temperature, will be apparent on consulting my
observations on the temperature at various elevations in Sikkim;
practically these are unavoidable. I have also calculated all my
observations according to Professor J. Forbes's formula of 1 degree
difference of temperature of boiling-water, being the equivalent of
550 feet at all elevations. (See Ed. Phil. Trans., vol xv. p. 405.)
The formula is certainly not applicable to the Sikkim Himalaya; on
the contrary, my observations show that the formula employed for
Boileau's tables gives at all ordinary elevations so very close an
approach to accuracy on the mean of many observations, that no
material improvement in its construction is to be anticipated.
At elevations below 4000 feet, elevations calculated from the
boiling-point are not to be depended on; and Dr. Thomson remarked the
same in north-west India: above 17,000 feet also the observations are
hazardous, except good shelter and a very steady fire is obtainable,
owing to the heating of the metal above that of the water. At all
other elevations a mean error of 100 feet is on the average what is
to be expected in ordinary cases. For the elevation of great mountain
masses, and continuously elevated areas, I conceive that the results
are as good as barometrical ones; for the general purposes of
botanical geography, the boiling-point thermometer supersedes the
barometer in point of practical utility, for under every advantage,
the transport of a glass tube full of mercury, nearly three feet
long, and cased in metal, is a great drawback to the unrestrained
motion of the traveller.
In the Khasia mountains I found, from the mean of twelve stations and
twenty-three observations, the multiplier as derived from the mean of
the temperature at the upper station and at Calcutta, to be 75.2
degrees, and as deduced from the formula to be 73.1 degrees.
Here, however, the equivalent in feet for 1 degree temp. is in summer
very high, being 1 degree=385 feet. (See Appendix I.) The mean of all
the elevations worked by the boiling-point is upwards of 140 feet
below those worked by the barometer.
The following observations are selected as having at the time been
considered trustworthy, owing to the care with which they were taken,
their repetition in several cases, and the presumed accuracy of the
barometrical or trigonometrical elevation with which they are
compared. A small correction for the humidity of the air might have
been introduced with advantage, but as in most barometrical
observations, the calculations proceed on the assumption that the
column of air is in a mean state of saturation; as the climate of the
upper station was always very moist, and as most of the observations
were taken during the rains, this correction would be always
additive, and would never exceed sixty feet.
It must be borne in mind that the comparative results given below
afford by no means a fair idea of the accuracy to be obtained by the
boiling-point. Some of the differences in elevation are probably due
to the barometer. In other cases I may have read off the scale wrong,
for however simple it seems to read off an instrument, those
practically acquainted with their use know well how some errors
almost become chronic, how with a certain familiar instrument the
chance of error is very great at one particular part of the scale,
and how confusing it is to read off through steam alternately from
several instruments whose scales are of different dimensions, are
differently divided, and differently lettered; such causes of error
are constitutional in individual observers. Again, these observations
are selected without any reference to other considerations but what I
have stated above; the worst have been put in with the best. Had I
been dependent on the boiling-point for determining my elevations, I
should have observed it oftener, or at stated periods whenever in
camp, worked the greater elevations from the intermediate ones, as
well as from Calcutta, and resorted to every system of interpolation.
Even the following observations would be amended considerably were I
to have deduced the elevation by observations of the boiling-point at
my camp, and added the height of my camp, either from the
boiling-point observations there, or by barometer, but I thought it
better to select the most independent method of observation, and to
make the level of the sea at Calcutta the only datum for a lower
station.
SERIES I.--_Sikkim Observations._
Elev. by
Barom. or Temp. Elev.
Place. Month. Trigonom. B.P. Air by B.P. Error
(feet) (feet) (feet)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Great Rungeet river Feb. B 818 210.7 56.3 904 + 86
Bhomsong Dec. 1,544 210.2 58.0 1,321 -223
Guard House, Gt Rungeet April 1,864 208.1 72.7 2,049 +185
Choongtam Aug. 5,268 202.6 65.0 5,175 - 93
Dengha Aug. 6,368 200.6 68.0 6,246 -122
Mr. Muller's (Dorjiling) Feb. Tr 6,925 199.4 41.3 7,122 +197
Dr. Campbell's (do.) April 6,932 200.1 59.5 6,745 -187
Mr. Hodgson's (do.) Feb. B 7,429 199.4 47.6 7,318 -111
Sinchul Jan. Tr 8,607 197.0 41.7 8,529 - 78
Lachoong Aug. B 8,712 196.4 54.6 8,777 + 65
Lamteng Aug. 8,884 196.3 77.0 8,937 + 53
Zemu Samdong July 8,976 196.1 58.6 8,916 - 60
Mainom Dec. Tr 10,702 193.4 38.0 10,516 -186
Junct. of Zemu & Thlonok July B 10,846 193.6 52.0 10,872 + 26
Tallum July 11,482 191.8 54.6 11,451 - 31
Yeumtong Sept. 11,919 191.3 52.2 11,887 - 32
Zemu river June 12,070 190.4 48.5 12,139 + 69
Tungu July & 12,751 189.7 43.4 12,696 - 55
Oct.
Jongri Jan. 13,194 188.8 26.0 13,151 - 43
Zemu river June 13,281 188.5 47.0 13,360 + 79
Lachee-pia Aug. 15,262 186.0 42.8 14,912 -350
Momay Sept. 15,362 186.1 48.6 14,960 -402
Palung Oct. 15,620 185.4 45.8 15,437 -183
Kongra Lama July 15,694 184.1 41.5 16,041 +347
Snow-bed above Yeumtong Sept. 15,985 184.6 44.5 15,816 -169
Tunkra pass Aug. 16,083 164.1 39.0 16,137 + 54
Yeumtso Oct. 16,808 183.1 15.0 16,279 -529
Donkia Sept. 16,978 182.4 41.0 17,049 + 71
Mountain above Momay Sept. 17,394 181.9 47.8 17,470 + 76
Sebolah pass Sept. 17,585 181.9 46.5 17,517 - 68
Kinchinjhow Sept. 17,624 181.0 47.5 18,026 +402
Donkia Mountain Sept. 18,510 180.6 37.1 18,143 -367
Ditto Sept. 18,307 179.9 38.8 18,597 +290
Bhomtso Oct. 18,450 181.2 52.0 18,305 -145
Donkia pass Sept. 18,466 181.2 45.5 17,866 -600
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mean - 58
SERIES II.--_Khasia Mountains._
Elev. Elev.
Place Month Bar. B.P. Tm. Air by B.P. Diff.
(feet) (feet) (feet)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Churra June 4,069 204.4 70.3 4,036 - 33
Amwee Sept. 4,105 205.1 67.7 4,041 - 64
Nurtiung Oct. 4,178 205.0 70.0 4,071 -107
Nunklow July 4,688 203.9 69.8 4,333 -355
Kala-panee June, July, 5,302 202.2 65.8 5,202 -100
Sept., Oct.
Myrung July 5,647 201.9 69.4 5,559 - 88
Syong July 5,725 201.8 70.8 5,632 - 93
Moflong July, Aug., 6,062 201.4 64.8 5,973 - 89
Oct., Nov.
Chillong Nov. 6,662 201.2 62.8 6,308 -354
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Mean 5,160 5,016 -143
APPENDIX K.
ACTTNOMETER OBSERVATIONS.
The few actinometer observations which I was enabled to record, were
made with two of these instruments constructed by Barrow, and had the
bulbs of their thermometers plunged into the fluid of the chamber.
They were taken with the greatest care, in conformity with all the
rules laid down in the "Admiralty Guide," and may, I think, be
depended upon. In the Sikkim Himalaya, a cloudless day, and one
admitting of more than a few hours' consecutive observations, never
occurs--a day fit for any observation at all is very, rare indeed.
I may mention here that a small stock of ammonia-sulphate of copper
in crystals should be supplied with this instrument, also a wire and
brush for cleaning, and a bottle with liquid ammonia: all of which
might be packed in the box.
Active 6.568. Time always mean.
_Jillapahar, Dorjiling, Elev. 7430 feet,
Lat. 27 degrees 3 minutes N., Long. 88 degrees 13 minutes E._
A.-- APRIL 19th, 1850.
_Watch slow 1 minute 15 seconds mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 8.0 to 8.13 11.1 65.5 0.9900 22.960 53.5
8.15 to 8.28 15.0 69.5 12.2645
9.0 to 9.13 17.7 71.5 14.5140 22.948 56.0
10.0 to 10.13 19.1 72.5 15.4710 22.947 57.0
11.0 to 11.13 19.0 75.0 14.9150 22.946 58.5
p.m. 0.0 to 0.13 18.8 75.0 12.7600 22.944 60.3
1.0 to 1.13 17.2 73.3 13.8976 22.939 59.4
2.0 to 2.13 17.4 74.0 13.8330 22.914 60.3
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 8.0 to 8.13 33.8 19.7 .505 88.0 Day unexceptional,
8.15 to 8.28 111.5 wind S.W., after
9.0 to 9.13 37.2 18.8 .153 110.0 10 a.m. squally.
10.0 to 10.13 39.7 17.3 .550 121.0
11.0 to 11.13 38.2 20.3 .500 125.0
p.m. 0.0 to 0.13 44.8 15.5 .592 120.0
1.0 to 1.13 40.7 18.7 .546 122.0 Dense haze over
2.0 to 2.13 44.1 16.2 .577 108.0 snowy Mts.
------------------------------------------------------------------
B.--APRIL 20th
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 8.0 to 8.13 11.8 64.0 10.9150 22.969 43.4
9.0 to 9.13 17.8 73.3 14.2750 22.974 36.2
10.0 to 10.13 18.8 65.0 14.7580 22.985 57.0
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 8.0 to 8.13 43.4 10.8 .691 74.0 Dense haze,
9.0 to 9.13 44.1 12.1 .662 92.0 S.E. wind,
10.0 to 10.13 42.5 14.5 .609 92.0 cloudless sky.
------------------------------------------------------------------
_Superintendent's House, Dorjiling. Elev. 6932 feet._
C.--APRIL 21st.
_Watch slow 1 minute mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 8.35 to 8.48 17.3 65.0 15.7084 56.4
9.07 to 9.20 20.9 72.7 16.8872 23.447 63.8
10.0 to 10.13 23.9 77.3 18.3791 60.8
11.0 to 11.13 24.4 81.0 17.8864
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 8.35 to 8.48 47.6 8.8 .741 97.0 Day very fine,
9.07 to 9.20 49.9 13.9 .628 100.0 snowy Mts. in
10.0 to 10.13 49.2 11.6 .677 109.0 dull red haze,
11.0 to 11.13 107.5 wind S.E. faint.
------------------------------------------------------------------
_Rampore Bauleah (Ganges). Elev. 130 feet.
Lat. 22 degrees 24 minutes N., Long. 88 degrees 40 minutes E._
MAY 17th, 1850.
_Watch slow 15 seconds mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 7.51 to 8.13 13.0 88.0 8.8790 29.698 87.5
9.03 to 9.16 19.5 96.0 12.5190 92.0
9.20 to 9.33 21.2 107.0 12.7836 29.615 92.3
11.15 to 11.28 21.1 105.0 12.8499 98.5
11.32 to 11.45 16.5 108.7 9.8770 29.620 98.3
p.m. 1.20 to 1.33 21.6 108.5 12.9348 104.5
1.40 to 1.53 21.4 113.7 12.4976 105.8
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 7.51 to 8.13 80.1 7.4 .793 91.0 S.E. wind, very
9.03 to 9.16 81.2 10.8 .715 83.8 hazy to west, sky
9.20 to 9.33 80.2 12.1 .687 132.0 pale blue.
11.15 to 11.28 74.8 23.7 .478 98.5 Wind west, rising.
11.32 to 11.45 74.3 24.0 .475 142.0
p.m. 1.20 to 1.33 76.7 27.8 .425 144.0
1.40 to 1.53 72.2 33.6 .355 134.0
------------------------------------------------------------------
_Churra, Khasia Mountains. Elev. 4225 feet,
Lat. 25 degrees 15 minutes N., Long. 91 degrees 47 minutes E._
A--NOVEMBER 4th, 1850.
_Watch slow 7 minutes mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.20 to 6.30 5.0 63.7 4.6400 25.781 57.8
6.32 to 6.42 7.4 65.4 6.6896 59.0
7.55 to 8.05 20.0 77.5 15.2400 63.5
8.08 to 8.18 21.0 82.0 15.2040 64.4
8.20 to 8.30 24.2 85.8 10.8432 64.8
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.20 to 6.30 53.1 4.7 .850 75.0 Sky faint blue,
6.32 to 6.42 54.8 4.2 .870 83.0 cloudless,
7.55 to 8.05 56.9 6.6 .806 108.0 wind S.W.,
8.08 to 8.18 57.3 7.1 .790 106.5 clouding.
8.20 to 8.30 59.5 5.3 .837 113.5
------------------------------------------------------------------
B.--NOVEMBER 5th.
_Watch slow 7 minutes mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Air
-----------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.39 to 6.49 11.2 70.2 9.3408 59.4
6.51 to 7.01 13.4 72.8 10.8138 60.5
7.56 to 8.06 18.4 73.2 15.0161 61.7
8.08 to 8.21 20.4 77.7 15.4836 63.3
9.26 to 9.36 23.8 79.5 17.8072
9.37 to 9.47 25.1 84.0 17.7959
10.57 to 11.07 29.0 89.5 19.5460 66.7
-----------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.39 to 6.49 57.6 1.8 .940 Wind S.W.,
6.51 to 7.01 57.8 2.7 .918 clouds rise and
7.56 to 8.06 57.7 4.0 .875 disperse.
8.08 to 8.21 58.7 4.6 .860 Sky pale.
9.26 to 9.36
9.37 to 9.47
10.57 to 11.07 60.8 5.9 8.28 126.0
------------------------------------------------------------------
C.--NOVEMBER 6th.
_Watch slow 7 minutes mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.05 to 6.18 2.6 62.0 2.4986 25.781 56.5
6.22 to 6.35 6.5 63.5 6.0710 57.0
6.38 to 6.51 9.6 66.7 8.5152 61.0
8.27 to 8.37 21.7 78.8 16.2750 64.2
8.39 to 8.52 23.0 81.7 19.4750 64.5
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.05 to 6.18 54.5 2.0 .935 Sunrise, 6, pale
6.22 to 6.35 55.1 1.9 .935 yellow red,
6.38 to 6.51 57.4 3.6 .888 cloudless.
8.27 to 8.37 59.3 4.9 .855 100.0 Cirrhus below.
8.39 to 8.52 59.4 5.1 .847 105.0
------------------------------------------------------------------
D.--NOVEMBER 14th.
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.12 to 6.22 2.9 60.6 3.5988 25.783 51.5
6.24 to 6.37 6.1 66.0 5.4472 52.7
7.13 to 7.23 12.4 70.8 10.2672 56.5
7.24 to 7.34 14.7 76.0 11.4025 57.8
8.34 to 8.44 19.9 82.8 14.2653 59.8
8.47 to 9.00 21.7 88.8 14.7343 60.5
9.53 to 10.03 23.5 86.6 16.2620 25.832 67.2
10.04 to 10.17 25.3 89.5 17.0775 67.0
11.24 to 11.31 33.3 111.5 20.7014 25.819 64.6
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 6.12 to 6.22 49.4 2.1 .930
6.24 to 6.37 50.3 2.4 .925
7.13 to 7.23 52.3 4.2 .900 98.0 Thick cumulus low
7.24 to 7.34 53.1 4.7 .855 104.0 on plains.
8.34 to 8.44 50.8 9.0 .742 117.0 Sunrise yellow
8.47 to 9.00 51.6 8.9 .730 121.0 red.
9.53 to 10.03 61.6 5.6 .832 127.0 Cloudless.
10.04 to 10.17 58.8 8.2 .778 133.0
11.24 to 11.31 59.0 5.6 .832 130.0 Clouds rise.
------------------------------------------------------------------
E.--NOVEMBER 15th.
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 9.53 to 10.06 25.8 78.0 17.5306 25.854 63.0
10.50 to 11.03 26.1 80.5 19.1835 64.0
11.31 to 11.44 28.5 84.0 20.2065 65.3
p.m. 0.33 to 0.46 30.9 91.5 20.4267 25.844 65.8
1.07 to 1.21 29.1 90.5 20.4388 67.0
2.47 to 3.00 21.1 75.0 16.5653 25.808 67.2
3.48 to 4.00 16.7 73.0 13.4435 62.0
4.03 to 4.16 16.2 75.0 12.7170 25.803 61.5
------------------------------------------------------------------
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat.
-------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 9.53 to 10.06 55.3 8.7 .772 Sky cloudless.
10.50 to 11.03 52.8 11.2 .690 Wind N.E.
11.31 to 11.44 51.9 13.4 .638
p.m. 0.33 to 0.46 51.2 14.6 .620
1.07 to 1.21 49.6 17.4 .560
2.47 to 3.00 56.6 10.6 .708
3.48 to 4.00 50.8 11.2 .690
4.03 to 4.16 50.5 11.0 .692
-------------------------------------------------------------
_Silchar (Cachar), Elev. 116 feet,
Lat. 24 degrees 30 minutes N., Long. 93 degrees E. (approximate)._
NOVEMBER 26th, 1850
_Watch slow 13 minutes 39 seconds mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 9.11 to 9.24 19.4 69.0 16.4706 66.3
9.34 to 9.41 22.7 81.0 16.5937
9.50 to 9.57 25.3 87.5 17.3558 29.999 68.7
10.07 to 10.14 26.5 91.5 17.5695 70.3
11.03 to 11.16 26.3 89.0 17.5251 73.2
p.m. 0.00 to 0.13 26.4 90.0 17.8144 29.967 74.5
0.58 to 1.11 27.6 94.0 17.9676 76.8
2.51 to 3.04 23.0 93.0 15.0880 29.892 78.5
3.55 to 4.08 17.6 91.5 11.6688 79.5
4.09 to 4.22 15.5 93.5 11.0215 29.881 79.4
4.23 to 4.36 12.0 93.7 7.8360 78.5
------------------------------------------------------------------
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat.
-------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 9.11 to 9.24 63.5 2.8 .860 Dense fog till
9.34 to 9.41 7.30 p.m.
9.50 to 9.57 61.5 7.2 .788 Wind north. Clear.
10.07 to 10.14 62.7 7.6 .780
11.03 to 11.16 60.3 12.9 .657 Wind. N.E. Light
p.m. 0.00 to 0.13 61.7 12.8 .658 cirrhus low.
0.58 to 1.11 60.3 16.5 .586
2.51 to 3.04 62.1 16.4 .588 Streaks of cirrhus
3.55 to 4.08 57.0 22.5 .480 aloft.
4.09 to 4.22 62.1 17.3 .570
4.23 to 4.36 62.1 16.4 .588 Sun sets in hazy
cirrhus.
-------------------------------------------------------------
_Chittagong, Elev. 200 feet,
Lat. 22 degrees 20 minutes N., Long. 91 degrees 55 minutes E._
A.--DECEMBER 31st, 1850.
_Watch slow 3 minutes 45 seconds mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 7.39 to 7.52 10.0 70.0 8.3700 57.0
8.40 to 8.53 21.3 91.5 14.1219 29.874 59.5
9.04 to 9.08 23.2 89.5 15.6163 63.3
9.52 to 9.56 24.3 87.3 16.7341 29.923 64.5
10.02 to 10.06 25.1 90.5 16.7668 65.7
11.16 to 11.29 24.3 84.5 17.1558 68.5
11.52 to 11.56 26.6 92.6 17.5028 29.892 69.5
p.m. 1.38 to 1.41 24.7 84.0 17.5123 71.7
1.47 to 1.51 25.4 90.7 16.8418
3.10 to 3.17 21.1 86.0 14.6645 29.831 71.0
3.18 to 3.25 19.3 89.3 13.0468
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 7.39 to 7.52 55.7 1.3 .960 Cloudless.
8.40 to 8.53 57.2 2.3 .920 127.0 Mountains clear.
9.04 to 9.08 59.7 3.6 .890 Wind E.N.E. Cool.
9.52 to 9.56 61.3 3.2 .900 142.0
10.02 to 10.06 60.4 5.3 .840 148.0 Wind N.W.
11.16 to 11.29 58.6 9.9 .722 150.0
11.52 to 11.56 59.2 10.3 .710 Wind S.W.
p.m. 1.38 to 1.41 61.8 9.9 .720
1.47 to 1.51
3.10 to 3.17 60.5 10.5 .710 Clouds about in
3.18 to 3.25 patches.
------------------------------------------------------------------
B.-- JANUARY 1, 1851.
_Watch slow 3 minutes 45 seconds mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 7.34 to 7.41 10.0 69.4 8.4200 29.948 55.4
8.38 to 8.45 16.0 70.0 13.3920 58.9
9.44 to 9.51 19.5 74.7 15.3660 29.891 63.2
10.46 to 10.53 21.0 78.2 15.8550 66.7
11.50 to 11.57 21.5 81.2 15.6950 69.8
p.m. 0.06 to 0.13 24.1 88.0 16.4603 29.850 70.3
0.58 to 1.02 23.9 87.2 16.4432 71.0
1.45 to 1.52 21.4 84.5 15.0870 71.3
3.15 to 3.22 18.1 82.5 13.0320 29.798 71.3
4.27 to 4.34 10.2 82.0 7.3746 70.0
4.36 to 4.43 9.8 84.0 6.9482
4.45 to 4.52 8.5 85.0 5.9670
4.56 to 5.09 5.6 85.0 3.9312 67.5
5.12 to 5.18 3.8 84.0 2.6942 29.778 68.7
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 7.34 to 7.41 54.0 1.4 .953 Mist rises and
8.38 to 8.45 57.7 1.2 .970 104.5 drifts westward
9.44 to 9.51 61.7 1.5 .960 115.0 till 7.30 a.m.
10.46 to 10.53 62.4 4.3 .870 129.0
11.50 to 11.57 58.3 11.5 .688 117.0 Wind N.W., clouds
p.m. 0.06 to 0.13 56.0 14.3 .625 122.5 rise.
0.58 to 1.02 56.7 14.3 .625
1.45 to 1.52 57.5 13.8 .633 117.0
3.15 to 3.22 57.1 14.2 .625
4.27 to 4.34 59.5 10.5 .708
4.36 to 4.43
4.45 to 4.52
4.56 to 5.09 62.7 4.8 .855 Sunset cloudless.
5.12 to 5.18 62.2 6.5 .810
------------------------------------------------------------------
C.--JANUARY 2, 1851.
_Watch slow 3 minutes mean time._
Tem. Act.
Hour Act. Act. Reduced Barom. Air
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 10.02 to 10.09 19.2 71.0 15.8592 64.5
10.20 to 10.24 22.6 79.0 16.9048 29.861 65.6
p.m. 0.03 to 0.10 24.7 89.2 16.6972 29.858 69.0
0.22 to 0.25 25.9 95.5 18.6796 70.7
2.04 to 2.08 23.3 91.5 15.4479 71.2
2.10 to 2.14 23.8 93.0 15.6128
------------------------------------------------------------------
Black
Hour D.P. Diff. Sat. Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------
a.m. 10.02 to 10.09 60.6 3.9 .878 116.0 Low, dense fog at
10.20 to 10.24 61.4 4.2 .872 sunrise, clear at
p.m. 0.03 to 0.10 59.3 9.7 .728 119.0 9 a.m.
0.22 to 0.25 57.5 3.2 .650 Hills hazy and
2.04 to 2.08 61.0 10.2 .718 112.0 horizon grey.
2.10 to 2.14
------------------------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX L.
TABLE OF ELEVATIONS.
In the following tables I have given the elevations of 300 places,
chiefly computed from barometric data. For the computations such
observations alone were selected as were comparable with
contemporaneous ones taken at the Calcutta Observatory, or as could,
by interpolation, be reduced to these, with considerable accuracy:
the Calcutta temperatures have been assumed as those of the level of
the sea, and eighteen feet have been added for the height of the
Calcutta Observatory above the sea. I have introduced two standards
of comparison where attainable; namely, 1. A few trigonometrical
data, chiefly of positions around Dorjiling, measured by
Lieutenant-Colonel Waugh, the Surveyor-General, also a few measured
by Mr. Muller and myself, in which we can put full confidence: and,
2. A number of elevations in Sikkim and East Nepal, computed by
simultaneous barometer observations, taken by Mr. Muller at
Dorjiling. As the Dorjiling barometer was in bad repair, I do not
place so much confidence in these comparisons as in those with
Calcutta. The coincidence, however, between the mean of all the
elevations computed by each method is very remarkable; the difference
amounting to only thirty feet in ninety-three elevations; the excess
being in favour of those worked by Dorjiling. As the Dorjiling
observations were generally taken at night, or early in the morning,
when the temperature is below the mean of the day, this excess in the
resulting elevations would appear to prove, that the temperature
correction derived from assuming the Calcutta observations to
correspond with eighteen feet above the level of the sea at Sikkim,
has not practically given rise to much error.
I have not added the boiling-point observations, which afford a
further means of testing the accuracy of the barometric computations;
and which will be found in section J of this Appendix.
The elevation of Jillapahar is given as computed by observations
taken in different months, and at different hours of the day; from
which there will be seen, that owing to the low temperature of
sunrise in the one case, and of January and October in the others,
the result for these times is always lowest.
Moat of the computations have been made by means of Oltmann's tables,
as drawn up by Lieutenant-Colonel Boileau, and printed at the
Magnetic Observatory, Simla; very many were worked also by Bessell's
tables in Taylor's "Scientific Memoirs," which, however, I found to
give rather too high a result on the averages; and I have therefore
rejected most of them, except in cases of great elevation and of
remarkable humidity or dryness, when the mean saturation point is an
element that should not be disregarded in the computation. To these
the letter B is prefixed. By far the majority of these elevations are
not capable of verification within a few feet; many of them being of
villages, which occupy several hundred feet of a hill slope: in such
cases the introduction of the refinement of the humidity correction
was not worth the while.
SERIES I.--_Elevations on the Grand Trunk-road. February, 1848._
No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Burdwan 93
2 Gyra 630
3 Fitcoree 860
2 Tofe Choney 912
4 Maddaobund 1230
1 Paras-nath saddle B.4231
2 ,, cast peak 4215
1 ,, flagstaff 4428
1 ,, lower limit of _Clematis_ and _Berberis_ 3162
1 Doomree 996
1 Highest point on grand trunk-road 1446
4 Belcuppee 1219
1 Hill 236th mile-stone 1361
3 Burree 1169
1 Hill 243rd mile-stone 1339
3 Chorparun 1322
3 Dunwah 625
1 Bahra 479
1 284th mile-stone 474
2 Sheergotty 460
4 Muddunpore 402
1 312th mile-stone 365
3 Naurungabad 337
4 Baroon (on Soane) 344
4 Dearse 332
---------------------------------------------------------------------
SERIES II.--_Elevations in the Soane Valley. March, 1848._
No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
---------------------------------------------------------------------
3 Tilotho 395
6 Akbarpore 403
2 Rotas palace 1489
4 Tura 453
3 Soane-pore 462
6 Kosdera 445
4 Panchadurma 492
1 Bed of Soane above Panchadurma 482
3 Pepura 587
1 Bed of Soane river 400
9 Chahuchee 490
4 Hirrah 531
4 Kotah 541
4 Kunch 561
7 Sulkun 684
---------------------------------------------------------------------
SERIES III.--_Elevations on the Kymore Hills. March, 1848._
No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2 Roump 1090
9 Shahgunj 1102
1 Amoee 818
1 Goorawul 905
9 Mirzapore (on the Ganges) 362
---------------------------------------------------------------------
SERIES IV.--_Elevations near Dorjiling. 1848 to 1850._
No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson's house)
9 ,, sunrise 7301
110 ,, 9.50 p.m. 7443
104 ,, noon 7457
99 ,, 2.40 p.m. 7477
93 ,, 4 p.m. 7447
37 ,, sunset 7447
------- -------
Sum 452 Mean 7429
======= _Ditto by Monthly observations._ =======
27 January 7400
84 February 7445
37 March 7517
7 April 7582
83 July 7412
74 August 7421
95 September 7454
18 October 7351
------- -------
Sum 434 Mean 7448
======= =======
103 The Dale (Mr. Muller's) B.6957
,, by trigonometry 6952
16 Superintendent's house B.6932
,, by trigonometry 6932
38 Colinton (Mr. Muller's) B.7179
25 Leebong B.5993
,, by trigonometry 6021*
2 Summit of Jillapahar B.7896
2 Smith's hotel 6872
7 Monastery hill below the Dale B. 214.1
The Dale by barometer 6952
-------
7166
Monastery hill by trigonometry 7165.3
=======
1 Ging (measured from Dale) B.5156
12 Guard-house at Great Rungeet B.1864
2 Bed of Great Rungeet at cane-bridge 818
5 Guard-house at Little Rungeet 1672
8 Sinchul top 8655
,, by trigonometry 8607
4 Saddle of road over shoulder of Sinchul 7412
4 Senadah (Pacheem) bungalow 7258
1 Pacheem village 3855
13 Kursiong bungalow B.4813
13 Punkabaree 1815
2 Rungniok village B.4565
2 Tonglo, summit B.10.078
,, ,, by trigonometry 10.079.4
13 ,, Saddle below summit B.10.008
1 ,, Rocks on ascent of B.8148
4 Source of Balasun 7436
,, by Dorjiling 7451
8 Goong ridge 7441
--------------------------------------------------------------------
* To summit of chimney, which may be assumed to be 30 feet above
where the barometer was hung.
SERIES V.--_Elevations in East Nepal, October to December, 1848._
No. By By
of Calcutta Dorjiling
Obs. Name of Locality Barometer Barometer
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Feet Feet
1 Source of Myong river 4,798
7 Myong valley, camp in 4,345 4,345
7 Myong valley 3,801 3,763
5 Purmiokzong 4,507 4,535
2 Shoulder of Nanki 7,216
1 ,, Shepherds' hut on do. 8,999
3 Summit of Nanki 9,994 10,045
8 ,, Camp on Nanki 9,315 9,324
3 Jummanoo 4,320 4,404
5 Sulloobong 5,244 5,311
4 Bheti village 4,683
4 Sakkiazong village 5,804 5,847
3 Camp on ridge of mountain 8,315 8,391
1 Peak on Sakkiazong 9,356 9,289
3 Makarumbi 5,444 5,525
3 Pemmi river 2,149 2,262
3 Tambur river at junction with Pemmi 1,289 1,487
1 Camp on Tambur, Nov. 13 1,418 1,496
3 ,, Nov. 14 1,600
2 Chintam village 3,404
8 Mywa Guola 2,079 2,185
3 Tambur river, Nov. 18 2,515 2,574
3 ,, Nov. 19 3,113 3,289
3 Taptiatok village 4,207 4,359
2 Loontoong village 5,615 5,738
2 Tambur river, Nov. 23 8,066 8,096
10 Wallanchoon village 10,384 10,389
6 Tuquoroma 12,889 12,999
1 Wallanchoon pass B.16,764 16,748
1 Foot of pass-road 13,501 13,518
4 Yangma Guola 9,236 9,322
2 Base of great moraine 12,098 12,199
2 Top of moraine above ditto B. 679
9 Yangma village camp B.13,516 13,488
1 Lake bed in valley 15,186
1 Upper ditto (Pabuk) B.16,038
4 Yangma valley camp, Dec. 2 10,997 11,001
1 Kambachen pass B.15,770
3 Camp below ditto 11,643 11,611
1 Kambachen village 11,378
2 Camp in valley 11,454 11,514
1 Choonjerma pass B.15,259
4 Camp below ditto 13,289 13,287
1 Yalloong river-terrace 10,449
4 Camp side of valley 10,080 10,035
3 Yankatang village 5,530 5,598
1 Saddle on road south of Khabili 5,746
8 Khabang village 5,495 5,515
1 Spur of Sidingbah, crossed Nov. 19 6,057 5,980
3 Yangyading village 4,082 4,145
4 Sablakoo 4,635 4,718
7 Iwa river, Dec. 12 3,747 3,818
2 ,, Dec. 13 6,134 6,184
4 Singalelah, camp on 9,263 9,328
1 Islumbo pass 10,388
--------------------------------------------------------------------
SERIES VI.-- _Elevations in Sikkim, December, 1848,
and January, 1849._
No. By By
of Calcutta Dorjiling
Obs. Name of Locality Barometer Barometer
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Feet Feet
4 Kulhait valley, camp in 6,406 6,374
6 Lingcham village 4,892 4,848
5 Bed of Great Rungeet, December 20 1,805 1,874
6 Lingdam village, December 21 5,552 5,556
6 Nampok village 4,354 4,501
7 Bhomsong 1,556 1,533
8 Mainom top Tr.10,702 B.10,613
1 Neon-gong Goompa 5,225
1 Pass from Teesta to Rungeet 6,824
6 Lingdam village 5,349 5,401
1 Great Rungeet below Tassiding 2,030
Tassiding tamples 4,840
5 Sunnook, camp on 3,955 4,018
1 Bed of Ratong 2,481
1 Pemiongchi temple 7,083
10 Camp at Pemiongchi village 6,551 6,616
9 Tchonpong village 4,952 5,003
1 Bed of Rungbi river 3,165
9 Camp on Ratong river 3,100 3,242
1 Doobdi Goompa 6,493 6,451
22 Yoksun 5,600 5,635
7 Dumpook 6,646 6,710
15 Buckim 8,625 8,693
7 Mon Lepcha top 13,090 13,045
21 Jongri B.13,170 13,184
1 Ratong below Mon Lepcha 7,069 7,217
1 ,, below Yoksun 3,729 3,851
1 Catsuperri lake 6,068 6,009
1 ,, temple 6,493 6,476
4 Tengling village 5,295 5,219
5 Rungbee river bed 3,230 3,350
5 Changachelling temple 6,805 6,850
5 Kulhait river 3,075 3,243
1 Saddle of Hee hill 7,289
6 Camp on Hee hill 6,609 6,744
--------------------------------------------------------------------
SERIES VII.--_Elevations in the Sikkim Terai and Plains of India,
Gangetic Delta and Jheels._
No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
-------------------------------------------------------------------
3 Siligoree Bungalow 302
12 Titalya 326
3 Sahibgunj (west of Titalya) 231
4 Bhatgong 225
4 Thakya-gunj 284
4 Bhojepore 404
5 Rummai 293
5 Rangamally 262
5 Belakoba 368
1 Mela-meli 337
6 Kishengunj 131
43 Mahanuddy river between Kishengunj and Maldah 153
24 ,, ,, Maldah and Rampore Bauleah 98
12 Rampore (Mr. Bell's) 130
13 Dacca (Mr. Atherton's) 72
54 Jheels, Dacca and Pundua *-.003
33 Megna river (June 1st-6th) +.008
13 Soormah (June 9th) +.048
4 Pundua (June 10th and 11th) +.018
3 ,, (Sept. 7th) -.016
5 ,, (Nov. 16th and 17th) -0.66
-------------------------------------------------------------------
* The observations marked thus * are the differences in inches
between the readings of my barometer at the station, and that at
the Calcutta observatory, which is 18 feet above the sea-level.
SERIES VII-- _Elevations in Sikkim, May to December, 1849._
No. By By
of Calcutta Dorjiling
Obs. Name of Locality Barometer Barometer
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Feet Feet
2 Mik, on Tendong 3,912
4 Namtchi, camp on spur 5,608
1 Tendong summit B.8,671
2 Temi, Teesta valley 4,771 Tr.8,663
4 Nampok, Teesta valley B.5,138
8 Lingmo, Teesta Valley B.2,861 5,033
4 Lingtam spur, Teesta valley B.4,743 2,838
4 Gorh, ,, B.4,061 4,867
2 Bling-bong, ,, B.2,657 4,195
8 Linga village, ,, B.2,724 2,711
10 Singtam, May 14 to 16 B.4,435 2,839
16 Singtam (higher on hill) Oct. 30 to Nov. 2 B.4,575
5 Niong 3,954
2 Namgah 4,229
7 Chakoong 4,371 4,443
27 Choongtam, May 5,245 5,284
37 Choongtam, August 5,247 5,297
4 Dholep, Lachen 6,120 6,145
4 Dengha, Lachen 6,337 6,399
3 Latong, Lachen 6,471 6,310
8 Kampo Samdong 7,315 7,344
1 Chateng 8,819 8,695
1 Chateng, lower on spur 8,493 8,343
33 Lamteng village 8,900 8,867
53 Zemu Samdong 9,026 8,926
1 Snow bed across Zemu river 9,828
4 Camp on banks of Zemu 10,223 10,271
74 Junction on Thlonok and Zemu 10,864 10,828
47 Camp on banks of Zemu river 12,064 12,074
1 Zemu river, June 13 12,422
1 Zemu river, higher up, June 13 13,281
2 Yeunga (Lachen valley) 10,196
43 Tallum Samdong 11,540 11,424
20 Tungu, July 12,779 12,723
30 Tungu, October 12,799 12,747
1 Palung plains 15,697
3 Sitong 15,372
2 Kongra Lama pass 15,745 15,642
5 Yeumtso (in Tibet) 16,808
2 Bhomtso (in Tibet) 18,590
6 Cholamoo lakes (in Tibet) 16,900
2 Donkia pass, October 18,589
2 Donkia pass, September 18,387
56 Momay Samdong 15,362 15,069
Measured
from
Momay
1 Donkia, September 13 16,876 17,079
1 Kinchinjhow, September 14 17,495 17,656
1 Sebolah pass 17,604 17,567
1 South shoulder of Donkia, September 20 18,257 18,357
1 Mountain north of Momay, September 17 B.17,394
1 West shoulder of Donkia mountain, Sept. 26 B.18,510
_The following were measured trigonometrically._
Forked Donkia mountain Tr.20,870
Kinchinjhow mountain Tr.22,750
Tomo-chamo, east top of Kinchinjhow Tr.21,000
Thlonok mount, Peak on Tr.20,000
Chango-khang mountain Tr.20,600
Tukcham mountain, from Dorjiling Tr.19,472
Chomiomo mountain Tr.22,700
Summit of Donkia (from Donkia pass and Bhomtso) Tr.22,650
Tunkra Mountain, from Dorjiling Tr.18,250
By
Dorjiling
Barometer
48 Yeumtong 11,933 11,839
7 Yeumtong, October 11,951
By
Yeumtong
Barometer
2 Snow bed above Yeumtong B.15,971 16,000
3 Punying B.11,299
By
Dorjiling
Barometer
51 Lachoong village, August B. 8,712 8,474
12 Lachoong village, October B. 8,705
8 Lacheepia B.15,293 15,231
2 Tunkra pass B.16,083
3 Rock on ascent to ditto B.13,078 13,144
4 Keadom B. 6,609
3 Tukcham village B. 3,849
5 Rinkpo village B. 6,008
7 Laghep B.10,423
1 Phieungoong B.12,422
3 Barfonchen B.11,233
1 Chola pass B.14,925
3 Chumanako B.12,590
17 Phadong B. 5,946
3 Tumloong, Nov. 3rd and 4th B. 5,368
105 Higher on hill, Nov. 16th to Dec. 9th B. 5,976
1 Yankoong B. 3,867
2 Tikbotang B. 3,763
3 Camp, Dec. 11th B. 2,952
12 Serriomsa B. 2,820
11 Dikkeeling B. 4,952
2 Singdong B. 2,116
3 Katong ghat, Teesta B. 735
5 Namten B. 4,483
6 Cheadam B. 4,653
-------------------------------------------------------------------
SERIES IX.--_Khasia Mountains, June to November, 1850._
No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
-------------------------------------------------------------------
36 Churra (Mr. Inglis's) 4,069
167 Churra bungalow opposite church, August 4,193
102 Churra bungalow opposite church, Oct., Nov. 4,258
25 Kala-panee bungalow 5,302
63 Moflong 6,062
1 Chillong hill 6,662
9 Syong bungalow 5,725
1 Hill south of ditto 6,050
32 Myrung bungalow, July 5,647
6 Myrung bungalow, Sept. 5,709
9 Chela 80
63 Nunklow 4,688
6 Noukreem 5,601
10 Mooshye 4,863
35 Pomrang 5,143
12 Amwee 4,105
9 Joowye 4,387
3 Nurtiung 4,178
-------------------------------------------------------------------
SERIES X.--_Soormah, Silhet, Megna, Chittagong, etc._
No. of Elevation
Obs. Name of Locality Feet
-------------------------------------------------------------------
27 Silhet (Mr. Stainforth's) 133
38 Soormah river, between Silhet and Megna 46
36 Silchar 116
24 Megna river +.020*
12 Noacolly (Dr. Baker's) -.039
10 Noacolly on voyage to Chittagong .000**
72 Chittagong (Mr. Sconce's) 191
8 Chittagong flagstaff-hill at south head of harbour 151
2 Seetakoond hill 1,136
16 Seetakoond bungalow -.069*
3 Hat-Hazaree -.039
12 Hattiah -.049
4 Sidhee -.039
17 Chittagong to Megna -.014**
10 Eastern Sunderbunds +.002
-------------------------------------------------------------------
* Difference between barometer at station and Calcutta barometer.
** The observations were taken only when the boat was high and dry,
and above the mean level of the waters.
INDEX.
A
_Abies, Brunoniana,_ i. 206, 209, 272, 274, 342; ii. 25, 32, 44, 108; _Smithiana,_ ii. 25, 32, 45; _Webbiana,_ i. 191, 272, 307, 342; ii. 44, 108.
_Abrus precatorius_ (note), i. 16.
_Acacia Arabica,_ i. 60, 80; _Catechu,_ i. 31, 52, 393, 395; _Serissa,_ i. 193.
_Acarus,_ ii. 173.
_Aconitum,_ Himalayan, ii. 108; _palmatum,_ i. 168; _Napellus,_ i. 168; _variegatum_ (note), ii. 107.
Acorns, abundance of, i. 373.
_Acorus Calamusa,_ i. 286.
Actinolites, ii. 146.
_Adamia cyanea,_ i. 112.
_Adenanthera pavonina,_ ii. 328.
_AEgle Marmelos,_ i. 25, 50, (note) i. 16.
Agates, i. 33, 91.
_Ailurua ochraceus,_ ii. 108.
Akshobya, image of, i. 322.
Alligator, i. 51, 54; droppings of in river banks, ii. 251.
Alluvium, Gangetic, i. 88, 379.
_Alsophila gigantea,_ i. 110, 142; (note), ii. 13. _spinulosa_ (note), ii. 13.
Amber used in Sikkim, ii. 194.
_Ameletia Indica,_ i. 386.
American plants in Himalaya, ii. 39.
_Amherstia,_ ii. 245.
Amlah, Sikkim, ii. 192; examination by, ii. 211.
Amulet, Tibetan, i. 166.
Amwee, ii. 315.
_Andromeda,_ ii. 22, 39; _fastigiata,_ i. 343. _Andropogon acicularis,_ i. 385; _muricatus,_ i. 42.
Animals at Tungu, ii. 92.
Antelope, ii. 132.
_Antilope Hodgsoni,_ ii. 157.
Ants' hills, white, i. 20.
_Aponogeton,_ i. 62.
Apoplexy, symptoms of at great elevations, ii. 178.
Apple, crab, ii. 32; wild, i. 205; ii. 148.
_Aquilaria Agallocha,_ ii. 328.
_Aralia_ used for fodder, i. 359; pith yielding rice-paper, i. 359.
Ararat, Mount, ii. 3.
_Areca gracilis,_ ii. 10 (note), i. 143.
_Arenaria rupifraga,_ ii. 89.
_Argemone Mexicana,_ i. 30.
_Arisoema,_ i. 49.
_Aristolochia saccata,_ ii. 6.
Arrat, name of Lepchas, i. 127.
Arrow-root, i. 93.
_Artemisia,_ headache produced by, ii. 20; _Indica_ (note), ii. 20.
Arums, food prepared from, ii. 49; poisoning by, ii. 75.
Arun river, i. 224; ii. 124, 143; sources of, ii. 167.
_Asarum,_ ii. 48.
Assam valley, view of, ii. 290.
Ass, wild, ii. 172. (See _Equus Hemionus_ and Kiang).
_Astragalus,_ used for making paper, ii. 162; Tibetan (note), ii. 165.
Atmosphere, dry, i. 65; transparency of, ii. 127, 169.
Atmospheric vapours, strata of, i. 188, 310.
Attar of roses, i. 78.
_Aucuba,_ i. 126; ii. 39.
Aurora Borealis, i. 37; Appendix, p. 384.
B
Baghoda, i. 26.
Baikant-pore, i. 393.
Bails, or Thuggee stations, i. 68.
Baisarbatti terrace, i. 401.
Baker, Dr., ii. 339.
Balanites, i. 25.
_Balanophora,_ ii. 19, 47; cups made from, i. 132; knots caused by, i. 133.
Balasun river, i. 110, 402.
Bamboo, dwarf, i. 126; eatable grain of, i. 313; flowering of, i. 155, 158; kinds of in Khasia, ii. 268; kinds and uses of in Sikkim, i. 155, 158; planted, i. 386.
_Bambusa stricta,_ i 30.
Bananas, wild, i. 20, 143; scarlet-fruited, ii. 319.
Ban, or Lepcha knife, i. 130.
Banyan tree, i. 18; of Calcutta gardens, ii. 246.
Barnes, Mr., i. 95; Mr. Charles, i. 114.
Barometer, accident to, ii. 139; observations on Jheela, ii, 258.
Baroon on Soane river, i. 35.
_Bassia butyracea,_ i. 151; _latifolia,_ i. 16.
Bath, hot, at Bhomsong, i. 305; at Momay, ii. 133; at Yeumtong, ii. 117.
Beadle, Lieut., i. 26.
_Beaumontia,_ i. 401.
Bee, alpine, ii. 68; boring, i. 374; leaf-cutting, i. 46.
Beejaghur, i. 56.
Bees'-nests, i. 201; ii. 16.
_Begonia,_ alpine, ii. 108.
Behar, hills of, i. 32.
Belcuppee, i. 28.
Bellows, Himalayan, ii 82; of Khasia, ii. 310; of leaves, i. 53.
Benares, i. 71; observatory at, i. 74.
_Berberis Asiatica_ (note), i. 24; _concinna,_ ii. 198; _insignis,_ i. 364.
Betel-pepper, i. 99; ii. 327.
Bhaugulpore, i. 90; gardens at, i. 91.
Bhel fruit, i. 50.
Bhomsong, i. 297; ii. 8; temperature of soil at, i. 305.
Bhomtso, ii. 124, 164, 174; elevation, temperature etc., at, ii. 175.
Bhotan, called Dhurma country (note), i. 136; 366 (note).
Bhotanese (note), i. 136; ii. 232.
Bhotan Himalaya, i. 153; ii. 165, 298.
Bhoteeas, i. 205, 215.
Bhote (note), i. 136.
_Bignonia Indicta,_ i. 16.
Bijooas, or Lepcha priests, i. 135.
Bikh poison, i. 168; ii. 108.
Bind hills, i. 64.
Birds at Momay, ii. 131; of Khasia, ii. 305; of Terai, i. 399.
Black-rock of Colonel Waugh (note), ii. 18.
Blocks, granite, ii. 293, 310; split, i. 201; syenite, ii. 303.
Boat on Ganges, i. 70.
Boga-panee, ii. 287, 308.
Bombax, i. 26.
Boodhist banners, i. 144; monuments, i. 147; temple, i. 77; worship, i. 174, 324; worship introduced into Sikkim, i. 127.
_Borassus,_ i. 39.
Bore, or tidal-wave, ii. 343.
Bor-panee, ii. 301, 318.
_Borrera,_ ii. 165, 173.
Borr (_Pandanus),_ i. 300; ii. 9.
_Boswellia thurifera,_ i. 29, 39.
_Botrichium Virginicum,_ i. 293.
Boulders in river-beds, i. 288; of gneiss on Jongri, i. 353; on Mon Lepcha, i. 342.
_Bowringia,_ ii. 313.
Bread, Tibetan, i. 297.
Breccia, modern formation of, i. 200.
Bridge, at Amwee, ii. 315; living, ii. 268; of canes, i. 149; ii. 21.
_Buceros,_ i. 187.
_Buchanania,_ i. 26.
_Bucklandia,_ ii. 185.
Buckwheat, cultivated at Jigatzi, ii. 171; wild, ii. 31.
_Bufo scabra,_ ii. 96.
Bugs, flying, i. 81.
Burdwan, i. 6; coal-fields, i. 8.
Burkutta river, i. 28.
Burrampooter, altered course of, ii. 253, 346; old bed of, ii. 256; Tibetan, _see_ Yaru-tsampu; view of from Khasia, ii. 300, 301.
_Butea frondosa,_ i. 9, 52, 381, 392.
Butter, churning, ii. 77, 87; ornaments made of, ii. 88.
Butterflies, painted lady, ii. 33; at various elevations, ii. 26, 65, 98, 132; tropical, i. 152.
C
Cachar, ii. 326; rain-fall at, ii. 334.
_Coesalpinia paniculata,_ i. 25.
Cajana, i. 13.
_Calami,_ species of in Himalaya, i. 143.
_Calamus,_ ii. 10.
Calcutta, journey to, ii. 242.
_Callitriche verna?_ (note), ii. 96.
_Calotropis,_ i. 30, 86; _C. arborea,_ i. 72; temperature of, i. 36.
_Caltha palustris_ (note), ii. 77; _scaposa_ (note), ii. 77.
Camels, i. 61; at Lhassa, ii. 172.
Campbell, Dr., joins me in Terai, i. 376; meet at Bhomsong, i. 297; at Choongtam, ii. 146; seizure of, ii. 202; sent as Superintendent of Dorjiling, i. 117; treatment of as prisoner, ii. 205.
Cane bridge at Choongtam, ii. 21; at Lachoong, ii 101; over Great Rungeet, i. 149.
Canoes of Teesta, i. 392, 396; of Tambur, i. 194; swamped, ii. 335.
_Capparis acuminata,_ i. 38.
_Cardamine hirsuta,_ i. 230.
_Cardiopteris,_ ii. 334.
_Carex Moorcroftii,_ ii. 155.
_Carissa carandas,_ i. 14, 31.
Carroway, ii. 66.
_Carthancus,_ i. 80.
_Caryota urens,_ i. 143.
Cascades of Khasia, ii. 270; of Mamloo, ii. 278.
_Cassia fistula,_ i. 393.
_Casuarina_ (note), ii. 346.
Catechu, collecting, i. 52.
_Cathcartia,_ ii. 198.
Catsuperri, i. 362; lake, i. 363; temples, i. 365.
Cave, Lieut., garden at Churra, ii. 284.
_Cedrela Toona,_ i. 144, 193; ii. 18.
_Cedrus Libami_ (note), i. 257.
Central India, hills of, i. 32.
_Cervus Wallichii,_ antlers of, ii. 214.
Chachoo river, ii. 84.
Chahuchee, i. 51.
Chait, description of, i. 324; (note), i. 158.
Chakoong, ii. 18, 188.
_Chamaerops Khasiana,_ ii. 279.
Chameleon, i. 205.
Changachelling, i. 368.
Chango-khang, ii. 84, 133, 141.
Chattuc, ii. 262, 309, 337.
Chaulmoogra (_See_ Took), i. 151.
Cheadam, ii. 234.
Cheer-pine, i. 182.
Chela, ii. 306.
Chepanga, ii. 15.
Cherry, alpine wild, ii. 145.
Cheytoong, Lepcha boy, ii. 184.
Chillong hill, ii. 290.
Chinese plants in Khasia, ii. 318; in Sikkim, i. 126; ii. 39.
Chingtam, i. 196.
Chirring (red rose), ii. 63.
Chiru. _See_ Tchiru, ii. 157.
Chittagong, ii. 345; leave, ii. 353.
Chokli-bi (_Smilacina_), ii. 48.
Chola, i. 123; summit of pass, ii. 199; view of from Donkia, ii. 127.
Cholamoo lake, ii. 124, 157, 176.
Chomachoo river, i. 225; ii. 125.
Chomiomo, ii. 80, 94, 165.
Choombi, ii. 110.
Choongtam, ii. 21, 98, 145, 185; insects at, ii. 98; vegetation of, ii. 24.
Choonjerma pass, i. 264.
Chumulari, i. 125, 185; ii. 110; discussion on, ii. 166; view of from Khasia, ii. 300.
Chunar, i. 71.
Chung (Limboos), i. 187.
Churra-poonji, ii. 272; rain-fall at, ii. 282; table-land of, ii. 277; temperature of, ii. 284.
_Cicada,_ i. 107, 127; ii. 305; upper limit of, ii. 96.
_Cicer arietinum,_ i. 80.
_Cinnamomum,_ i. 162.
Cinnamon of Khasia, ii. 309.
_Cirrhopetalum_ (note), ii. 10.
Clay of Sikkim, i. 155; Appendix, 383.
_Clematis nutans_ (note), i. 24.
_Clerodendron,_ i. 387.
Climbers, bleeding of, ii. 350; of Sikkim, i. 163.
Coal, of Burdwan, i. 8; Churra, ii. 278, 285, 303; Terai, i. 403.
Cobra, mountain, ii. 20.
_Cochlospermum,_ i. 53.
Cocks, Sikkim, i. 314.
_Coelogyne,_ i. 110; _Wallichii,_ i. 166; ii. 311.
Coffee, cultivation of, at Chittagong, ii. 347; at Bhaugulpore, i. 93.
_Coix,_ cultivation of, ii. 289.
Coles, i. 55, 91.
Colgong, i. 94.
Colvile, Sir J., i. 5.
Comb of Lepchas, ii. 194; of Mechis, i. 408.
Conch shells, in Boodhist temples, i. 174, 312; cut at Dacca, ii. 254.
Conduits of bamboo, i. 144.
_Confervae_ of hot springs, i. 28; Appendix, 375.
Conglomerate, ii. 19, 165, 176, 177, 402, 403.
_Coniferae,_ Himalayan, i. 256.
_Conocarpus latifolius_ (note), i. 16.
Cooch-Behar, i. 384.
Cooches, i. 384.
Cookies, ii. 330.
Corbett, Dr., i. 82.
Cornelians, i. 33.
Cornwallis, Lord, mausoleum of, i. 78.
Corpses, disposal of in Sikkim and Tibet, i. 287.
Cosi river, i. 96.
Cowage plant, i. 12.
Cows, Sikkim, i. 314; ii. 150.
Crab, fresh-water, ii. 7.
Cranes, i. 392; (note) ii. 161.
_Crawfurdia,_ ii. 145.
Crows, red-legged, ii. 37.
_Cruciferae,_ rarity of in Himalaya, i. 113.
_Cryptogramma crispa,_ i. 262; ii. 68, 72.
Crystals in gneiss, ii. 138.
_Cupressus funebris,_ i. 315, 317, 336.
Cups, Tibetan, i. 132.
Currants, wild, i. 148.
Currents, ascending, i. 374.
Curruckpore hills, i. 87.
Cuttack forests, ii. 340.
_Cycas pectinata,_ i. 151, 382; ii. 30; (note), i. 143; trees in Calcutta Garden, ii. 247.
Cyclops, figure resembling (note), ii. 195.
_Cynodon Dactylon,_ i. 385.
Cypress funereal, i. 315, 317, 336.
_Cypripedium,_ ii. 68, 322.
D
Dacca, ii. 254.
Dacoits, i. 65.
_Dalbergia Sissoo,_ i. 101.
Dallisary river, ii. 256.
Damooda valley, i. 7.
Dandelion, ii. 66.
_Daphne,_ paper from, ii. 162. _See_ Paper.
Date-palm, i. 34, 88; dwarf, ii. 300.
Datura seed, poisoning by, i. 65.
Davis, Mr. C. E., i. 41.
_Decaisnea,_ new edible fruit, ii. 198.
Deer, barking, i. 399.
_Delphinium glaciale,_ i. 269; ii. 95.
Demons, exorcisement of, ii. 114.
_Dendrobium densiflorum,_ ii. 19; _Farmeri,_ etc., ii. 323; _nobile,_ ii. 19; _Pierardi,_ i. 103.
_Dentaria_ (a pot-herb), ii. 47.
Denudation of Himalaya, i. 308; of Khasia, ii. 324.
Deodar (note), i. 256.
Dewan, Sikkim, i. 117; ii. 97; arrival at Tumloong, ii. 217; conferences with, ii. 221, 225; dinner with, ii. 231; disgrace of, ii. 241; hostility to British, i. 117; house of, i. 304.
Dhal, i. 13.
Dhamersala, i. 222.
Dhob grass, i. 385.
Dhurma country, name for Bhotan, (note), i. 366; people (note), i. 136; rajah, i. 136; seal of, i. 372.
Digarchi, ii. 125. _See_ Jigatzi.
Dijong (name of Sikkim), i. 127.
_Dilivaria ilicifolia,_ ii. 347.
_Dillenia,_ i. 393, 395.
Dinapore, i. 82.
Dingcham, ii. 87, 169.
Dingpun, at Chola, ii. 200, 201; Tibetan, ii. 160; Tinli, ii. 204.
_Diospyros embryopteris,_ i. 392; fruit, ii. 64.
_Dipterocarpi,_ ii. 345; _D. turbinatus,_ ii. 348.
Diseases attributed in Tibet to elements, ii. 178.
Djigatzi, ii. 125. _See_ Jigatzi.
Dog, loss of, ii. 100; Tibetan, i. 204; wild, i. 43.
Do-mani stone, i. 294.
Donkia, i. 123; ii. 126; ascent of, ii. 178; forked, ii. 120; pass, ii. 123, 179; temperature of, ii. 129; tops of, ii. 137.
Doobdi temples, i. 336.
Dookpa, Boodhist sect (note), i. 366.
Doomree, i. 25.
Dorje, i. 173.
Dorjiling, i. 113; ceded to British, i. 116; climate, i. 119, 120; elevation of, i. 115; leave, ii. 248; origin of, i. 115; prospects of, ii. 248; threat of sacking, ii. 214; trade at, i. 118.
_Duabanga grandiflora,_ i. 401.
Dunkotah (East Nepal), i. 190.
Dunwah pass, i. 30.
Dust-storm, i. 51, 81.
Dye, yellow, ii. 41.
E
Eagle-wood, ii. 328.
Earthquake, Chittagong, ii. 349; Noacolly, ii. 342; Titalya, i. 376.
_Edgeworthia Gardneri,_ i. 205, 333; ii. 10, 162.
Efflorescence of nitrate of lime, i. 43; of soda, i. 13.
Eggs of water-fowl in Tibet, ii. 161.
Ek-powa Ghat, i. 59.
_Elaeagnus,_ i. 205.
_Eleocharis palustris_ (note), ii. 96.
Elephants, at Teshoo Loombo, ii. 172; bogged, ii. 333; discomforts of riding, i. 400; geologising with, i. 10; path of, i. 108; purchase of, i. 381; wild, ii. 302.
_Eleusine coracana,_ i. 133.
_Enkianthus,_ i. 108.
_Ephedra,_ ii. 84, 155.
_Ephemera_ at 17,000 feet, ii. 141.
_Epipactis,_ ii. 66.
Equinoctial gales, ii. 144.
_Equus Hemionus,_ ii. 172.
_Eranoboas_ (note) i. 36, 90.
_Erigeron alpinus_ (note), ii. 164.
_Ervum lens,_ i. 13.
_Erythrina,_ ii. 18.
_Euphorbia ligulata,_ i. 46; _pentagona,_ i. 82; _neriifolia,_ i. 46, 82; _tereticaulis,_ i. 46.
European plants in Himalaya, ii. 38.
_Euryale ferox,_ ii. 255; seeds of, in peat, ii. 341.
F
Fair, 161; at Titalya, i. 118.
Falconer, Dr., house of, ii. 243.
_Falconeria,_ ii. 353.
Falkland Islands, quartz blocks of, (note), ii. 179.
Fan-Palm, ii. 279.
Fear, distressing symptoms of, ii. 220.
Felle, Mr., i. 55.
Felspar, concretions of, i. 406.
Fenny river, mouth of, ii. 343.
Ferns, eatable, i. 293; European, ii. 68, 72.
_Feronia elephantum,_ i. 25, 50, (note), i. 16.
_Festuca ovina,_ ii. 123, (note) ii. 164.
Fever, recurrence of at elevations, ii. 183.
_Ficus elastica,_ i. 102; _infectoria,_ i. 26.
Figs, i. 157.
Fire, grasses destroyed by, i. 385; in forests, i. 146.
Fire-wood, Sikkim, ii. 151.
Fish, dried, ii. 309; Tibet (note), ii. 183.
Fishing basket of Mechis, i. 404.
Flame, perpetual, ii. 352.
Flood, tradition of, i. 127; ii. 3.
Florican, i. 55, 381.
Forests of Sikkim, i. 165.
Fossil plants of coal, i. 8; of Khasia, ii. 325; of Terai, i. 403.
Frogs, Sikkim, i. 165.
Fruits of Sikkim, i. 159; ii. 182.
_Funaria hygrometrica,_ ii. 19.
Fungi, European, ii. 73.
G
Ganges, fall of, i. 71; scenery of, i. 79.
Gangetic delta, ii. 340; head of, ii. 252.
Gangtok Kajee, ii. 229.
Gardeners, native, i. 93.
Gardens, Bhaugulpore, i. 91; Burdwan, i. 6; Calcutta Botanic, i. 3, ii. 244; Lieutenants Raban and Cave's, ii. 284; Sir Lawrence Peel's, i. 2.
Garnets, amorphous, (note) ii. 123; sand of, i. 80, 371.
Garrows, ii. 272.
_Gaultheria,_ ii. 22, 182.
Gelookpa, Boodhist sect. (note) i. 366.
Geology of Choongtam, ii. 27; Khasia mountains, ii. 323; outer Himalaya, i. 406, Paras-nath, i. 32.
_Geranium,_ ii. 19.
Ghassa mountains, (note) ii. 166.
Ghazeepore, i. 78.
Giantchi, ii. 168, (note) ii. 131.
Glaciers of Chango-khang, ii. 115; Donkia, ii. 136; Himalaya, ii. 57; Kambachen, i. 260; Kinchinjhow, ii. 134, 180; Lachen Valley, ii. 78; Yangma Valley, i. 246.
Glory, ornament resembling, ii. 86; round deities' heads, ii. 195.
_Gnaphalium luteo-album,_ i. 80.
Gnarem Mountain, ii. 18.
Gneiss, characters of, (note) ii. 128; cleavage of, ii. 91; flexures of, i. 406.
Gnow, (wild sheep), ii. 132.
Goa, (antelope), ii. 157.
Goats, poisoned by Rhododendrons, ii. 150; shawl-wool, ii. 88.
Godowns, opium, i. 83.
Goitre, i. 134.
Goliath beetles, ii. 98.
Goomchen, (tail-less rat), ii. 156.
Goong ridge, i. 180.
_Gordonia Wallichii,_ i. 102, 157.
Gorh, ii. 10; Lama of, ii. 11.
Goruck-nath, figure of, ii. 195, (note) i. 323.
Gossamer spiders, i. 81,
_Goughia,_ ii. 33.
Gram, i. 13.
Grand trunk-road, i. 10, 11.
Granite, blocks of, ii. 310; cleavage planes of (note), i. 345; of Kinechinjhow (note), ii. 287, (note), ii. 128; phenomena of, i. 308.
Grant, Dr., i. 90; Mr. J. W., report on Dorjiling, i. 116,
Grapes, cultivation of, i. 92; wild in Sikkim, ii. 187.
Grasses, absence of on outer Himalaya, i. 113; gigantic, i. 385.
Gravel terraces and beds in Terai, i. 378, 380, 382, 401.
Great Rungeet river, cross, i. 287; excursion to, i. 142.
Greenstone of Khasia, ii. 287.
Griffith, Dr., i. 3; (note) ii. 40, 244.
_Grislea tomentosa,_ (note) i. 16.
Grouse, Himalayan, ii. 113.
Grove, sacred in Khasia, ii. 319.
_Guatteria longifolia,_ i. 82.
Gubroo, i. 345.
Guitar, Tibetan, i. 304.
Gum arabic, i. 60; of _Cochlospermum,_ i. 53; of _Olibanum,_ i. 29.
Gunpowder, manufacture of, i. 9.
Guobah of Wallanchoon, i. 217, 230.
Gurjun trees, ii. 345, 348.
_Gyrophora,_ ii. 130.
H
Hailstorm, i. 405.
Halo, i. 69; seen from Donkia, ii. 129.
_Hamamelis chinensis,_ ii. 318.
Hamilton, Mr. C., i. 65.
_Hardwickia binata,_ i. 50, 54.
Hares, Terai, i. 399; Tibetan, ii. 157.
Harrum-mo, (wild tribe), ii. 14.
Hattiah island, removal of land from, ii. 353.
Haze on plains, i. 374, 375.
Hee hill, i. 371.
_Helicteres Asoca_ (note), i. 16.
_Helwingia,_ i. 126.
Herbert, Major, report on Dorjiling, i. 116.
_Hierochloe,_ ii. 115.
Himalaya, distant view of, i. 96; vegetation and scenery of outer, i. 108; view of from Khasia, ii. 287, 289, 297.
_Hippophae,_ ii. 43.
_Hodgsonia,_ i. 395; ii. 7; _heteroclita,_ ii. 350.
Hodgson, Mr., i. 122; join in Terai, i. 376; view from house, i, 123.
_Holigarna,_ varnish from, ii. 330.
Hollyhock, ii. 105.
Honey poisoned by Rhododendron flowers, i. 201; preservation of bodies in, ii. 276; seekers, ii. 16.
Hooli festival, i. 73, 389.
Hopkins, Mr., on elevation of mountains, i. 326.
Hornbills, i. 187.
Hornets, ii. 26.
Horse-chestnut, Indian, i. 394.
Horse, wild, ii. 172.
Hot-springs, boy passes night in, ii. 184; of Momay, ii. 133, 180; Seetakoond, i. 88; Soorujkoond, i. 27; Yeumtong, ii. 116.
House, Lama's, i. 317; Tibetan, at Yangma, i. 242; Wallanchoon, i. 211.
_Houttynia,_ ii. 7.
_Hydnocarpus,_ ii. 7.
_Hydropeltis_ (note), ii. 318.
I
Ice, accumulation of, ii. 47; action of, i. 353 (note), ii. 121; transport of plants in, ii. 247.
_Imperata cylindrica,_ i. 385.
India-rubber tree, i. 102; ii. 13.
Indo-Chinese races, i. 140.
_Infusoria_ at 17,000 feet, ii. 123.
Inglis, Mr. H., ii. 265.
Insects at 4000 feet, ii. 18; Choongtam (5000 feet), ii. 26; Dorjiling (note), ii. 98; Lamteng (8000 feet), ii. 37; Momay (15,300 feet), ii. 132; Tallum (12,000 feet), ii. 68; Tunga (13,000 feet), ii. 93; Zemu river (12,000 feet) ii. 59; Zemu Samdong (9000 feet), ii. 65.
Iron forges, chime of hammers, ii. 296; sand, ii. 310; smelting of, in Khasia, ii. 310; stone, i. 401.
Irvine, Dr., i. 82.
Islumbo pass, i. 280.
Ivy, ii. 32.
J
Jaws, i. 18, 90.
Japanese plants in Sikkim, i. 126; ii. 39.
Jarool (_Lagerstroemia_), ii. 327.
Jasper rocks, i. 50.
Jatamansi, i. 217.
Jeelpigoree, i. 384; rajah of, i. 389.
Jerked meat, i. 214; ii. 183.
Jews' harp, Tibetan, i. 338; ii. 219.
Jhansi-jeung, _see_ Giantchi, ii. 168.
Jheels, ii. 256, 309; brown waters of, ii. 263.
Jigatzi (note), ii. 125, 171; temperature of, ii. 171.
Job's tears, cultivation of, ii. 289.
Jongri, i. 349.
Joowye, ii. 316.
Jos, image of, at Yangma, i. 236.
Jummul river, ii. 253.
_Juncus bufonius,_ i. 80, 230.
Jung Bahadoor, ii. 239, 243.
Juniper, black, sketch of, ii. 55.
_Juniperus recurva,_ ii. 28, 45.
Junnoo mountain, i. 123, 258, 264.
Jyntea hills, ii. 314.
K
_Kadsura,_ ii. 6.
Kajee, i. 182.
Kala-panee, ii. 285.
Kambachen, or Nango pass, i. 250; top of, i. 253; village, i. 257.
Kambajong, ii. 125.
Kanglachem pass, i. 246.
Kanglanamo pass, i. 271, 341, 350.
Katior-pot (_Hodgsonia_), ii. 7.
Katong-ghat, ii. 233.
Kaysing Mendong (note), i. 286, 332.
Keadom, ii. 101.
Kenroop-bi (_Dentaria_), ii. 47.
Khabili valley, i. 278.
Khamba mountains, ii. 167.
Khasia, climate of, ii. 282; geology of, ii. 323; leave, ii. 323; people of, ii. 273.
Khawa river, i. 193.
Khutrow (_Abies Smithiana_), ii. 25.
Kiang, ii. 172.
Kiang-lah mountains, ii. 124, 167.
Kidnapping, i. 341.
Kinchinjhow, ii. 41, 80, 84, 140; glacier of, ii. 134, 180.
Kinchinjunga, i. 344; circuit of, i. 381; view of from Bhomtso, ii. 165; from Choongtam, ii. 14, 188; from Donkia pass, ii. 126; from Dorjiling, i. 123; from Sebolah, ii. 142; from Thlonok, ii. 50.
Kishengunj, i. 98; ii. 249.
Kollong rock, ii. 293.
Kongra Lama, ii. 155; pass, ii. 80.
Kosturah (musk-deer), i. 269.
Kubra, i. 123, 272.
Kulhait river, i. 281, 370; valley, i. 282.
Kumpa Lepchas i. 137; Rong, i. 137.
Kunker, i. 12, 29, 50, 89, 94:
Kursiong, i. 109, 110, 405.
Kurziuk, i. 284.
Kuskus, i. 42.
Kymore hills, geology of, i. 32; sandstone of, i. 39.
L
Lac, i. 9.
Lacheepia, ii. 112.
Lachen-Lachoong river, ii. 14, 186.
Lachen Phipun, ii. 22, 43, 149; conduct of, ii. 61; tent of, ii. 78.
Lachen river, ii. 30; length of, and inclination of bed, ii. 176.
Lachoong Phipun, ii. 105; valley, headstreams of, ii. 120; village, ii. 103; revisited, ii. 183.
_Lagerstroemia grandiflora,_ i. 401. _Reginae,_ ii. 327.
Laghep, ii. 197.
_Lagomys badius,_ ii. 156.
_Lagopus Tibetanus,_ i. 93.
Lailang-kot, ii. 286.
Lake-beds in Yangma valley, i. 232, 234, 238, 244.
Lakes caused by moraines, ii. 119.
Lamas, arrival of at Tumloong, ii. 224; dance of, i. 228; music of, i. 313; ii. 218; Pemiongchi, ii. 225; of Sikkim, i. 290; of Simonbong, i. 174; worship of, i. 365; ii. 178.
Lamteng, ii. 34, 96, 148.
Landslips, ii. 16, 20, 97, 115.
Larch Himalayan, i. 255; sketch of, ii. 55.
_Larix Griffithii,_ i. 255; ii. 44.
Lassoo Kajee, ii. 2.
Laurels, i. 162.
Lautour, Mr., ii. 345.
Leaf-insect, ii. 305.
Lebanon, Cedar of, i. 256.
_Lecidea geographica,_ i. 221, 352; ii. 130; _oreina,_ ii. 179.
Leebong, i. 143.
Leeches, i. 107, 167; ii. 17; upper limit of, ii. 54.
_Leguminosae,_ absence of in Himalaya, i. 112.
Lelyp, i. 205.
_Lemma minor,_ i. 306.
Lemon-bushes, wild, ii. 233.
Lepchas, i. 127; diseases of, i. 134; dress and ornaments of, i. 130; ii. 194; food of, i. 132; music of, i. 133; peaceable character of, i. 128, 136.
_Lepus hispidus,_ i. 399; _oiostolus,_ ii. 158.
_Leucas,_ a weed in fields, i. 383.
_Leuculia gratissima,_ i. 193, 276; _Pinceana,_ ii. 286.
_Leycesteria,_ i. 206.
Lhassa (note), ii. 168; notices of, i. 299; ii. 27, 172.
Lichens, Arctic, i. 352; ii. 130, 165, 179.
_Licuala peltata_ (note), i. 143.
Lignite, i. 403.
Liklo mountain, ii. 50.
_Lilium giganteum_ (note), ii. 33.
Little Rungeet, cross, i. 157, 175; guardhouse at, i. 371; source of, i. 181.
Limboos, i. 137; language of, i. 138.
Lime, deposit of, i. 407; ii. 97; nitrate of, i. 43.
Limestone, at Rotas, i. 40; nummulite, ii. 266, 346; of Churra, ii. 278; spheres of, i. 55; Tibetan, ii. 177.
Lime-tuff, impression of leaves on, i. 44.
_Limosella aquatica,_ i. 230.
_Linaria ramosissima,_ i. 42.
Lingcham, i. 281, 313; Kajee of, i. 282, 284, 371.
Lingo cane-bridge, ii. 12.
_Linum trigynum_ (note), i. 16.
Lister, Colonel, ii. 329.
Lizard, i 37; ticks on, i. 37.
Lohar-ghur, i. 402.
Luminous wood, ii. 151.
Lushington, Mr., sent to Dorjiling, ii. 227.
_Lycopodium clavatum,_ ii. 19.
_Lyellia crispa,_ ii. 19.
_Lymnaea Hookeri,_ ii. 156.
M
Machoo valley, ii. 109.
Maddaobund, i. 18.
_Magnolia, Campbellii,_ i. 125, 166; _excelsa,_ i. 125; distribution of (note), i. 166.
Magras, aborigines of Sikkim, i. 139.
Mahaldaram, i. 111.
Mahanuddy river, i. 98, 375; ii. 250.
Mahaser, a kind of carp, i. 398.
Mahowa, i. 16, 63.
Maidan (term as applied to Tibet), ii. 170.
Mainom mountain camp on, i. 307; summit of, i. 310.
Maitrya, the coming Boodh, i. 357.
Maize, hermaphrodite, i. 157; roasted, ii. 78.
Malayan plants in Himalaya, ii. 39.
Maldah, ii. 250.
Mamloo, village and waterfalls of, ii. 278.
Mango, blossoming, i. 61.
Mani, or praying-cylinder, i. 135, 172, 211; turned by water, i. 206.
_Mantis_ of Khasia, ii. 305.
_Marlea,_ ii. 33.
Marmot, i. 93; head and feet of, ii. 106.
Martins' nest, spiders in, i. 46.
May-fly at 17,000 feet, ii. 141.
M'Lelland, Dr., i. 3.
Mealum-ma (nettle), ii. 189, 336.
Mechi fisherman, i. 404; river, i. 383; tribe, i.101, 140.
_Meconopsis,_ i. 81; ii. 281; _Nepalensis,_ ii. 53.
Meepo, i. 198; house of, ii. 194; joined by, ii. 11; wife of, ii. 193.
Megna, altered course of, ii. 341; navigation of, ii. 338.
_Melastoma,_ ii. 18.
Mendicant, Tibetan, ii. 189.
Mendong, i. 211, 332; Kaysing (note), i. 286.
_Menziesia,_ ii. 113.
_Mesua ferrea,_ ii. 328.
Midsummer, weather at, ii. 59.
Mirzapore, i. 64.
Moflong, ii. 288.
Momay Samdong, arrival at, ii. 118; climate of, ii. 143; second visit to, ii. 180.
Monastic establishments of Sikkim, i. 367.
Monghyr, i. 87.
Monkeys, i. 278; ii. 37.
Mon Lepcha, i. 342.
_Monotropa,_ ii. 19.
Monuments of Khasia, ii. 319.
Moormis, i. 139.
Mooshye, ii. 314.
Moosmai, ii. 268.
Moraines, ancient, at Lachoong, ii. 104; at Tallum, ii. 67; at Yangma, i. 231, 246; extensive, ii. 118; indicating changes of climate, i. 380.
Morung of Nepal, i. 378, 382.
Mountains, deceptive appearance of, ii. 127.
Moss of puff-ball, ii. 13.
Mudar (_Calotropis_), i. 86.
Muddunpore, i. 35.
Mugs at Chittagong, ii. 345.
Mulberry, wild, i. 151.
Mules, Tibetan (note), ii. 228.
Mungeesa Peak, i. 55.
Munnipore dance, ii. 331; frontier, ii. 334; (note), ii. 329.
_Murraya exotica,_ i. 44.
Murwa beer, i. 133, 175, 285, 291; grain, i. 133.
Mushroom, eatable, ii. 47.
Musk-deer, i. 209; ii. 37.
Muslin, Dacca, ii. 254.
Mutton, dried saddles of, ii. 183.
Myong valley (East Nepal), i. 181.
Myrung, ii. 292.
Mywa Guola, i. 137; sunk thermometer at, i. 198.
N
Nagas, ii. 332.
Nageesa (_Mesua ferrea_), ii. 320.
Namten, ii. 223.
Nango mountain i. 236; or Kambachen pass, i. 250.
Nanki mountain, i. 183.
Napleton Major, i. 92.
_Nardostachys Jatamansi,_ i. 217; (note), ii. 164.
_Nauclea cordifolia,_ i. 26; _parvifolia,_ i. 26.
Neongong temple, i. 311.
Nepal, East, journey to, i. 178.
Nepalese Himalaya, i. 125,
Nepenthes, ii. 315.
Nettles, i. 157; gigantic, i. 182; ii. 188.
Nightingales, i. 332.
Nimbus of the ancients (note), ii. 195.
Ningma, Boodhist sect (note), i. 366.
_Nipa fruticans,_ i. 1; ii. 355.
Nishung, or Moormis, i. 139.
Noacolly, ii. 339; extension of land at, ii. 341.
Nonkreem, ii. 310.
Nummulites of Khaaia limestone, ii. 325.
Nunklow, ii. 300.
Nunnery at Tumloong, ii. 191.
Nursing, i. 124, 347.
Nurtiung, ii. 318.
Nut, Himalayan, ii. 114.
Nutmegs, wild, ii. 353.
_Nymphaea pygmaea,_ ii. 312.
0
Oaks, i. 109; distribution of in India (note), ii. 336; Sikkim, i. 157; upper limit of, ii. 114.
Observatory at Benares, i. 74.
Oil of _Bassia butyracea,_ i. 151; of _B. latifolia,_ i. 16; Kuskus, i. 42; mustard, linseed, and rape, i. 13; uggur, ii. 328; wood, ii. 348.
_Olax scandens,_ i. 31.
_Olibanum,_ Indian, i. 29.
Olivine (note), ii. 123.
Omerkuntuk, i. 32.
Onglau (mushroom), ii. 47.
Opium, East Indian, cultivation and manufacture of, i. 83; quality of, i. 85.
_Opuntia,_ i. 205.
_Orchideae,_ growth of in Khasia, ii. 321; of Khasia, ii. 281.
_Orobanche,_ Himalayan, i. 262; _Indica,_ i. 16.
Ortolan, i. 98.
Otters, i. 198.
_Ovis Ammon,_ i. 244; ii. 132; skulls of, i. 249.
_Oxalis sensitiva,_ i. 102.
_Oxytropis Chiliophylla_ (note), ii. 164.
P
Pacheem, i. 111; vegetation of, 112.
Painom river, ii. 167.
Palibothra, i. 90.
Palms, distribution of in Sikkim, i. 143; fan, i. 29; of Khasia, ii. 267.
Palung plains, ii. 84, 152; view of from Sebolah, ii. 142.
_Pandanus,_ i. 300; ii. 9.
Papaw, ii. 350.
Paper, manufactory at Dunkotah, i. 190; of _Astragalus,_ ii. 162; of _Daphne_ and _Edgeworthia,_ i. 205, 303; ii. 162; of Tibet, ii. 162.
_Papilio Machaon,_ ii. 65; (note), ii. 68.
Paras-nath, i. 12, 32; geology of, i. 32; summit of, i. 21.
_Paris,_ ii. 18.
_Parochetus communis,_ ii. 50.
Patchouli plant, ii. 314.
Patna, i. 82.
Pawn, i. 99.
Peaches, Sikkim, i. 158; cultivation of, ii. 185.
Peacock wild, i. 30.
Peat at Calcutta, ii. 341.
Pea-violet, ii. 309.
Peel, Sir L., garden of, i. 2.
Peepsa, i. 157.
Pelicans, mode of feeding, i. 80.
Pemberton, Capt., treatment of his embassy in Bhotan (note), ii. 202.
Pemiongchi temple, i. 327.
Pemmi river (East Nepal), i. 192.
Pepper, Betel, i. 99.
Perry Mr., i. 98.
Peuka-thlo, ii. 81.
Phadong Goompa, ii. 192; confinement at, ii. 209.
Phari, ii. 110.
Pheasant (Kalidge), i. 255; horned, ii. 37.
Phedangbos (Limboo priests), i. 138.
Phenzong Goompa, ii. 192.
Phieungoong, i. 332; ii. 198.
Phipun, Lachen, ii. 22, 149; of Lachoong, ii. 105.
_Phoenix acaulis,_ i. 145; (note), i. 143, 400; dwarf, i. 22, 382; _paludosa,_ i. 1; ii. 355; _sylvestris,_ i. 88.
Phosphorescent wood, ii. 151.
_Photinia,_ ii. 22.
Phud (Tibet mendicant), ii. 186.
_Phyllanthus emblica,_ i. 273; (note), i. 16.
_Picrorhiza,_ i. 272.
Pigeons, ii. 37.
Pines, gigantic, ii. 108; Himalayan, i. 256; ii. 44, 198; rarity of in Sikkim, i. 169.
_Pinguicula,_ ii. 40.
_Panus excelsa, ii. 45, 105; _Khasiana,_ ii. 282, 288, 301; _longifolia,_ i. 145, 182, 278, 280; ii. 3, 45.
_Piptanthus Nepalensis,_ ii. 5.
Pitcher-plant, ii. 315.
_Plantago_ leaves, used to dress wounds, ii. 75.
Plantain, scarlet-fruited, ii. 309; wild, i. 143.
Plants, English, on Soane river, i. 45; English, on Ganges, i. 80; temperature of, i. 36; of English genera in Terai (note), i. 398.
_Plectocomia,_ i. 143.
Plumbago, i. 407; ii. 46.
_Poa annua,_ i. 118, 221; _laxa,_ ii. 123
Poa (fibre of _Boemeria_), i. 157.
_Podocarpus neriifolia_ (note), i. 256.
_Podostemon_ (note), ii. 314.
Poisoners, i. 65.
Poisoning of goats by rhododendrons, ii. 150; of Bhoteeas by arum-roots, ii. 75.
_Polygonum cymosum,_ ii. 31.
_Polypodium proliferum,_ i. 50.
Pomrang, ii. 313.
Pony, Tibetan, i. 118; ii. 75; (note), ii. 131.
Poppy, cultivation of, i. 31; ii. 352.
Porcupine, i. 205.
_Potamogeton natans,_ i. 306.
Potatos, culture of in East Nepal, i. 259; Khasia, ii. 277; Sikkim, i. 158.
_Pothos,_ ii. 18.
Praong (bamboo), i. 158, 313.
_Primula petiolaris,_ i. 306; _Sikkimensis,_ ii. 77.
_Prinsepia_ (note), ii. 102, 291.
_Procapra picticaudata,_ ii. 157.
_Prunella,_ ii. 132; _vulgaris,_ ii. 66.
_Prunus,_ used for fodder, i. 359.
_Pteris aquilina,_ ii. 19; (note), ii. 53.
Pullop-bi (_Polygonum_), ii. 31.
Pulse accelerated at great elevations, ii. 131, 142.
Pundim mountain, i. 345; cliff of, i. 346.
Pundua, ii. 264.
Punkabaree, i. 102, 374, 403.
Purnea, i. 97.
_Pyrola,_ ii. 43.
Q
Quartz-beds folded, i. 406; blocks in Falkland Islands (note), ii. 179.
_Quercus semecarpifolia,_ i. 187.
Quoits, i. 338.
R
Raban, Lieut., ii 333; garden of at Churra, ii. 84.
Radiation, powerful in valleys, i. 209.
Rageu (deer), ii. 98.
Rain-fall at Churra, ii. 282; at Noacolly, ii. 340; diminution of at Rotas, i. 43; in Sikkim (Appendix), 412; Silchar, ii. 334.
Rajah, Sikkim, audience of, i. 302; poverty of, i. 303; (note), ii. 216; presents from, ii. 64; punishment of, ii. 246; residence of, ii. 191, 217.
Raj-ghat i. 44.
Rajmahal hills, i. 95.
Raklang pass, i. 292.
Ramchoo lake (of Turner), ii. 143, 167.
Rampore Bauleah, ii. 251.
Ranee of Sikkim, presents from, ii. 227.
Rangamally, i. 393.
_Ranunculus aquatilis,_ ii. 156; _hyperboreus_ (note), ii. 112; _sceleratus,_ i. 45, 80.
Ratong river, i. 358.
Rat, tail-less, ii. 156.
Red snow, absence of in Himalaya, ii. 117.
Release from confinement, ii. 237.
Reptiles of Khasia, ii. 305; of Sikkim, ii. 25.
_Rhododendrons,_ i. 166, 167; alpine, i. 220; ii. 58; _anthopogon,_ i. 220, 349; _arboreum,_ i. 126, 200, 274, 275, 276; ii. 125; _argenteum,_ i. 116, 358; ii. 6; _Aucklandii,_ ii. 25; _barbatum,_ i. 166, 274; _campylocarpum,_ i. 261; _Dalhousiae,_ i. 126, 162; ii. 25; distribution of at Chola (note), ii. 197; _Edgeworthii,_ ii. 25; _Falconeri,_ i. 272, 274, 307; flowering of at different elevations, ii. 181; _formosum,_ ii. 301; _Hodgsoni,_ i. 250, 274; leaves curled by cold, ii. 199; _nivale,_ ii. 89, 155; of Churra, ii. 282; poisoning of goats by, ii. 150; _setosum,_ i. 220, 349; superb at Choongtam, ii. 186.
Rhubarb, gigantic, ii. 58; used as tobacco, ii. 152.
Rice-paper plant (note), i. 359.
Rice, Sikkim, i. 155; upper limit of cultivation, ii. 105.
Ringpo, ii. 196.
Ripple-mark on sandstone, i. 43, 63.
Rivers, diurnal rise and fall of, ii. 69; of West Bengal, i. 33; temperature of, ii. 60; velocity of, ii. 99.
Rocks, absence of scratched in Sikkim, ii. 120; falling, ii. 57; moutonneed, ii. 136; moved by frosts, etc., ii. 179; retention of heat by, i. 222; strike of in Tibet, ii. 177.
Rong (name of Lepchas), i. 127.
_Rosa involucrata,_ ii. 250; _macrophylla,_ ii. 43; _sericea,_ i. 168.
Rose Gangetic, (_Rosa involucrata_), ii. 255; gardens, i. 78; large-flowered, ii. 43.
Rotas-ghur, i. 40; palace, i. 42.
_Rottlera tinctoria,_ i. 315.
Rummai, i. 394.
Ryott valley, ii. 190.
S
Saddle, Tibetan, i. 296.
Sakkya, invocation of, i. 229; Sing, i. 321; Thoba, i. 331.
Sakkyazong, i. 186, ii. 66.
Sal, i. 21.
_Salix tetrasperma,_ i. 400; _Babylonica,_ ii. 32.
_Salmonidae,_ distribution of in Asia, (note) ii. 183.
Salt, country in Tibet, ii. 124; monopoly of by Indian Government, ii. 339.
_Salvinia,_ ii. 338.
Sandal-wood, red, ii. 328.
Sandstone of Kala-panee, ii. 286; of Khasia, ii. 267; of Kymore hills, i. 39; of Terai, i. 379, 402; slabs of, 160.
Sara (crane) breeding in Tibet (note), ii. 161.
Sar-natb, i. 77.
Satpura range, i. 32.
_Satyrium Nepalense_ (note), ii. 102.
_Saussurea,_ bladder-headed, ii. 109; _gossypina,_ i. 225.
_Saxifraga,_ arctic, i. 81; _ciliaris,_ ii. 280; (note) ii. 100.
_Scirpus triquetra_ (note), ii. 96.
_Scitamineae,_ ii. 18.
Sconce, Mr., ii. 345.
Scorpions, i. 53.
Scratched rocks, absence of in Sikkim, ii. 120.
Seal of Bhotan Rajah, i. 372.
Seasons of vegetation in Sikkim, ii. 182.
Sebolah pass, ii. 141.
Seetakoond bungalow and hill, ii. 352; hot springs of, i. 88; perpetual flame at, ii. 352.
Sepoys, Lepcha and Tibetan, ii. 235.
Shahgunj, i. 60.
Shales, carbonaceous in Terai, i. 403.
Sheep, breeding of, ii. 150; feeding on rhododendron leaves, i. 261; grazed at 16,000 feet, ii. 89; at 18,000 feet, ii. 170; Tibetan, i. 272; wild, i. 243, ii. 132.
Sheergotty, i. 31.
Shell-lac, i. 9.
Shells, ii. 7; alpine, ii. 156.
Shepherd's purse, i. 221.
Shigatzi (_see_ Jigatzi).
Shooting, prejudice against, ii. 40.
Showa (stag) antlers of, ii. 214.
Shrubs, northern limits of, ii. 118.
Siberian plants in Himalaya, ii, 38, 66, 63, 74.
Sidingbah (note), i. 274, 276.
Sikkim, climate of, i. 160; Rajah, i. 116, 298; vegetation, i. 168; Dewan, i. 298.
Silchar, ii. 328.
Silhet, ii. 326, 335; leave, ii. 337.
Siligoree, i. 375, 399.
Silok-foke, Lama of, ii. 4.
Simonbong temple, i. 172.
_Simulium,_ i. 157.
Sinchul, ascent of, i. 124, 125; plants of, i. 125.
Singdong, ii. 223.
Singtam Soubah, ii. 15; at Chola, ii. 201; dismissal of, ii. 210; illness of, ii. 72; joined by, ii. 64.
Singtam village, ii. 14.
Sissoo, i. 395.
Sitong, ii. 153.
_Skimmia,_ i. 126; _laureola,_ i. 167.
Sleeman, Major, reports on Thuggee, i. 67.
Slopes, inclination of in Sikkim, i. 327.
_Smilacina_ (a pot-herb), ii. 48.
Snake-king, image of, i. 369, (note) i. 328.
Snakes, ii. 25, 305.
Snow, perpetual ii. 116, 128, 169; phenomena of (note), i. 252; shades, i. 357; storms, i. 355.
Snowy Himalaya, views of from Tonglo i. 184; very deceptive appearance of, i. 124.
Soane, i. 35; cross, i. 38, 45, 53; elevation of bed, i. 46; mouth of, i. 82; pebbles, i. 33, 91; plants in bed of, i 45.
Soda, sesqui-carbonate of, i. 13; effloresced, ii. 157.
Soil, temperature of, i. 35, 36, 45, 158, 170, 186, 219, 247; at Bhomsong, i. 305.
Songboom, i. 361.
Soormah river, ii. 261; basin of, ii. 256.
Soorujkoond, hot-springs of, i. 27.
Sound, produced by boulders in rivers, ii. 48; transmission of, i. 253.
_Sparganium ramosum_ (note), ii. 96.
_Sphaerostema,_ ii. 33.
_Sphynx atropos,_ i. 46.
Spiders in martins' nests, i. 46,
_Spondias mangifera,_ i. 82.
Squirrels, i. 46.
Stainforth, Mr., house at Pomrang, ii. 313; at Silhet, ii. 335.
_Sterculia foetida,_ i. 39.
Stick lac, i. 9.
Sticks, warming (note), ii. 154.
_Stipa,_ ii. 132.
_Stauntonia,_ i. 112.
Strawberry of the plains, i. 395; alpine, ii. 108.
_Struthiopteris,_ ii. 68.
_Strychnos potatorum,_ i. 50.
_Stylidium,_ ii. 336.
_Styloceras ratna,_ i. 399.
Sulkun, i. 56.
Sultangunj, rocks of, i. 90.
Sundeep island, deposit of silt on, ii. 342.
Sunderbunds, ii. 354; compared with Jheels, ii. 260; vegetation of, ii. 340.
_Sunipia_ (note), ii. 10.
Sunnook, i. 317.
Sunrise, false, i. 63.
Sunset, false, i. 63; in Tibet, ii. 173.
Suspension bridge, iron, i. 199.
Syenite, blocks of, ii. 302.
_Symplocos,_ dye from, ii. 41.
Syong, ii. 291.
T
Taktoong river, ii. 32.
_Talauma Hodgsoni,_ i. 162.
Taldangah, i. 12.
Tallum Samdong, ii. 67, 96.
Tamarind tree, i. 17.
Tamarisk, i. 392.
Tambur river, i. 194; elevation and slope of bed, i. 200.
Tanks, plants in, i. 62; movements of water in, ii. 342.
Taptiatok (E. Nepal), i. 204.
Tassichooding temples, i. 257.
Tassiding, i. 289, 315; temples, i. 319; foundation, i, 325.
Tchebu Lama, i. 302; ii. 5, 193; house and chapel of, ii. 194.
Tchiru (antelope), ii. 157.
Tchuka (rhubarb), ii. 58.
Tea, buttered, ii. 78; brick, i. 297; made of _Photinia,_ etc., ii. 22; Tibetan, ii. 78.
Teal, English, ii. 158.
Tea-plants, i. 5; cultivation of in Sikkim, i. 144; cut by hail at Dorjiling, i. 408; at Myrung, ii. 92; Chittagong, ii. 347.
Teelas, ii. 262, 327.
Teesta river, at Bhomsong, i. 297; exit from mountains, i. 396; in plains, i. 392; junction with Great Rungeet, i. 154; signification of, i. 398; temperature of, i. 397; ii. 60.
Teeta (febrifuge), i. 272.
Temples of Catsuperri, i. 365; Changachelling, i. 368; Choongtam, ii. 21; Doobdi, i. 366; Neongong, i. 311; Pemiongchi,i. 327; Phadong, ii. 192; Simonbong, i. 172; Tassichooding, i. 257; Tassiding, i. 319; Wallanchoon, i. 228; Yangma, i. 235; various, i. 313; mode of building, i. 311; worship in, i. 812, 365; ii. 178.
Tendong, i. 127; ii. 3.; summit of, ii. 6.
Terai, i. 100, 104; definition of, i. 377; excursion to, i. 373; meteorology of, i. 384; of Khasia, ii. 266; seizure of, ii. 240; vegetation of, i. 101.
Terraces, at Baisarbatti, i. 401; junction of Zemu and Thlonok, ii. 53; Momay, ii. 119; Yalloong, i. 270; Yangma, i. 234, 242.
Terya, ii. 226.
Teshoo Loombo (note), ii. 171.
_Tetrao-perdrix nivicola,_ ii. 113.
_Thalictrum,_ i. 19; _alpinum,_ ii. 115; _glyphocarpum_ (note), i. 24.
Thermometer, black bulb, i. 15; boiling-point, ii. 113, 153, Appendix, 453; lost, ii. 184; minimum left on Donkia pass, ii. 129; sunk, i. 198; Appendix, 441, 451.
Thigh-bone, trumpet of, i. 173, 314.
_Thlaspi arvense,_ ii. 68.
Thlonok river, ii. 47.
Thomson, Dr., joined by, ii. 238.
Thugs, river, i. 67; suppression of, i. 65.
Tibet, animals of, ii. 93, 157, 173; enter, ii. 155; inhospitality of climate, i. 299; snow-line, elevation of in, ii. 128, 175.
Tibetans, i. 262; blackening faces of women, ii. 172; camp of, ii. 85; charm-box, i. 270; child's coral, ii. 87; churns, ii. 77; cups, i. 212; diet, i. 212; Dingpun, ii. 160; dogs, i. 204; drunk, i. 230; guitar, i. 304; headdresses, ii. 86; hospitality, ii. 94; household, i. 212; houses, ii. 67; pipe, i. 212; salute, i. 203; sepoys, ii. 160, 200, 235; tea, i. 212; ii. 78; tents, ii. 77.
Ticks, i. 166, 279; ii. 79.
Tidal-wave, ii. 343.
Tide in Bay of Bengal, ii. 340; in Sunderbunds, ii. 354.
Tiger hunt, i. 56.
Tikbotang, ii. 228.
Tingri, ii. 169.
Titalya, i. 100, 376.
Toad, Javanese, ii. 96.
Tobacco, Chinese, ii. 232; made from rhubarb, ii. 152.
Toddy-palm, i. 34, 39, 88.
Tofe Choney, i. 16.
Tomo-chamo mountain, ii. 122.
Tong (arum-roots prepared for food), ii. 49; collection and preparation of, ii. 65.
Tonglo, i. 158; camp on, i. 183; elevation of, i. 171; excursion to, i. 155; summit of, i. 167; temperature of, i. 170; vegetation of, i. 167.
Took (_Hydnocarpus_), ii. 7. (_See_ Chaulmoogra).
Toon (_Cedrela_), i. 193, 312.
Tourmalines, i. 224; ii. 27.
Toys, children's in Sikkim, i. 338.
Travelling equipment, i. 179.
Tree-fern, i. 110; ii. 13; in Silhek, ii. 336.
END OF VOLUME II OF HIMALAYAN JOURNALS.