FROM THE PLAIN OF MIS'HAL TO THE SEA
We joined the camels on the way, and after two hours of stones ascended
the very steep Akaba Beva. The view from the hills above--about 2,500
feet--is splendid, all the Yafei mountains and the Goddam range ending at
Haide Naab, and giving place to the higher mountains of Rekab and Ghiuda.
We descended, but not much, into the lovely Wadi Hadda, full of trees
smothered with a kind of vine with thick glossy indiarubber-like leaves;
then we went on straight up Akaba Hadda to the huge plain of Mis'hal,
full of villages, but ill-supplied with water. There are only some very
bad wells for the cattle, and they have to fetch drinking-water from
afar, from Ghenab and Lammas. We engaged a Bedou's camel to keep us
supplied, while resting our own. The plain is 2,700 feet above the sea.
The sheikh's name is Mohommod-bin-Nasr Nakai; this is the first time we
heard this pronunciation of the Prophet's name. He was determined to give
us a grand reception. Sheikh Seil had gone forward to announce us from
Ghiuda, and he came to meet us on his pony down both akabas--a fearful
journey.
[Illustration: VILLAGE OF MIS'HAL]
We always liked Sheikh Seil very much. He was the sheikh of Dirgheg. His
hair and his shaggy chest were not white, but a lovely sky-blue. In that
part of the world old people's hair is not dyed red with henna, as it is
in other parts of Arabia and Asia Minor and in Persia, so the effect of
the indigo can be seen.
From a distance we could see the preparations. There was a long line on
the sandy plain of between two and three hundred Bedouin, naked save for
a blue scarf round their waists, with dagger, powder-horn, &c., stuck in.
Some had guns, matchlocks, and some had spears. They mostly had their
long hair tied up and sticking out in a fuz behind, as funny a long line
of men as ever one saw.
We dismounted, nearly a quarter of a mile off, and all our party advanced
hand-in-hand, fourteen besides ourselves and Matthaios, we being the only
ones who did not know the words in which to chant our response to the
welcoming shout. This they interrupted occasionally by the high gurgling
sound they are so fond of, constantly coming out of the rank, one or
other, and firing a gun and retiring. The blue-bearded Sheikh Seil
galloped up and down in front of us, twirling his spear. We stopped 150
yards from them, and after much more firing the spearmen began to parade
before us in a serpentine way, two and two, backwards and forwards,
zigzag, and round and round the gunners, gradually getting nearer and
nearer to us, and dragging the gunners after them, with a red flag, a
seyyid, and their sheikh, Mohommod-bin-Nasr, between them. When they got
quite close they welcomed us, and we said 'Peace' to them. They passed us
so many times that we could see and notice them well. Some were very
tall; one who was very lame led his tiny little boy. The lancers danced
very prettily, having a man a little way in front of them executing wild
capers and throwing up his spear and catching it, singing all the while
songs of welcome. We could not understand more than some allusions, which
assured us they were composed for the occasion. After many gyrations they
retired to their former place, and then a herald came forward and made a
solemn address of welcome.
Then our turn came, and we sent forth a line of men with Sultan Haidar
in it to sing and let off guns. When the two lines met they shook hands
and kissed, the sultans and seyyids being kissed on the forehead and the
upper part of the leg. When they returned to us all our party joined
hands to go to our camp, now ready, a good distance off, all keeping step
in a kind of stilted, prancing way, singing. The spearmen in front danced
with all manner of light and graceful antics, and we were nearly stifled
with the dust; and the din was so appalling that we arrived quite dazed
at our tents after this welcome, which had lasted fully an hour. We were
the first white people who had been at Mis'hal. I tore my camera from its
case to take a photograph before the people left us, and it did better
than I could have expected in such a crowd, with no sun and so much
whirling dust. The town consists of a low square dar and a collection of
brushwood arbours, so slight that there is no pretension of concealing
anything that goes on inside. We were very thankful for a large pot of
coffee and ginger, sent by a sultan, and a fat lamb. The princes ventured
to leave us in charge of Abdullah-bin-Abdurrahman, and abode in the
tower. Sultan Haidar went home from here.
The tableland of Mis'hal is approached by three akabas: (1) Sauda, to
2,000 feet; (2) Beva, to 2,500 feet; (3) Hadda, to 2,750 feet. The Nakai
tribe live here, and are on friendly terms with their neighbours the
Fadhli--a sufficiently rare circumstance in this country. The Nakai chief
can put four hundred men in the field to help the Fadhli. The Markashi
were at war with them; they live in the Goddam range, and had been giving
the sultan trouble lately.
The road to Shukra most frequented is the Tarik el Arkob; eastward goes
the road to the Hadhramout, over the plain. Northward is the mountainous
country of the Aòdeli tribe, where they told us 'it is sometimes so cold
that the rain is hard and quite white, and the water like stone.' The
plain is ten or fifteen miles long, by about four or five miles at its
broadest. If irrigated it would yield enormously. The well is of great
depth, but the water very bad. My husband ascended a mountain about 3,000
feet high, but only 400 feet above the plain, with a most remarkable view
of the Aòdeli mountains, about twenty miles away, towering up to a great
height--far higher than the Yafei range, which Mr. Tate gives as 7,000
feet: these are probably 10,000 feet. The range must run for thirty or
forty miles from east to west, with few breaks and no peaks. We were not
well the last day at Mis'hal.
The Aòdeli women paint red lines under their eyes and down their noses
and round their foreheads with a kind of earth-dye which they call
_hisn_. Sometimes there is a round spot on the forehead and red triangles
on the cheeks. One woman had her face literally dyed scarlet all over.
She had a heavy necklace of beads and carried the sheep-skin coat, that
she could not wear in the hot plain, rolled up and laid on her head. It
is curious how dissatisfied dark people seem to be with the colour of
their skins, so often trying to lighten it; the fairness of the English
is in some places attributed to the soap they use.
We took advantage of the curiosity of the Aòdeli, who had just arrived
with a _kafila_, to make them stay in our camp and question them. The El
Khaur mountains look most fascinating to see only from a distance: they
are inhabited by lawless tribes owing allegiance to no man, and, having
no wholesome fear of the Wali of Aden before their eyes, would murder any
traveller who ventured among them; they are all Bedouin. The Aòdeli are a
very large tribe, and say they have 4,000 men for war; the Markashi can
put 500 or 600 in the field; and the Fadhli 2,000. Lauda, the chief town
of the Aòdeli, is much bigger than Shibahm; there are many Arabs. The
sultan is Mohamed-bin-Saleh. It is six hours from Mis'hal--thirty-four
miles--and is situated below the mountains. Above it is El Betha--Sultan
Saleh. Belad el Megheba, in the upper Yafei country, is under Sultan
Hakam Mohamed-bin-Ali. Sabad el Baida Resass (where there must be lead)
is not under the Turks; El Aòdeli live there. Neither is Sahib Lauda
under the Turks; the inhabitants are Augheri. This has a very soft
guttural--the Arabic _ghin_.
[Illustration: PLAIN OF MIS'HAL AND AÒDELI TRIBE]
Our next stage was Bir Lammas, about four miles off, mostly across the
monotonous plain. We passed four dars and villages. In time of war the
Fadhli sultan comes and occupies one of these dars. We met sheikhs
walking with little battle-axes on long poles--weapons in war, and in
peace used for chopping wood, at all times emblems of their rank. The
plain at length broke away, and we got into the narrow, and not very
deep, wooded Wadi el Mimin. It has very precipitous sides of basalt,
brown in colour, and making a very untidy attempt at being columnar. Bir
Lammas is a great, and I must add, very dirty, halting-place for caravans
going to Shukra, on the Tarik el Arkob, to El Kaur and the Wadi
Hadhramout.
We were two nights at Bir Lammas. I was too ill to go about at all, but I
could not resist going out to see some baboons which came to look at us
from the low cliffs. I am sure their leader must have been 4 feet long
without his tail.
My husband, who went for a climb, came to pretty close quarters with a
striped hyena.
We were encamped about 380 yards off from the well, and thought it a very
pretty place, with acacia-trees and creepers hanging in long trails and
making arbours of all of them. The women do all the work here, having to
fetch water from Bir Lammas and Ghenab for Mis'hal. The children, up to
fourteen years of age, tend the flocks, and the men stroll about or sit
in very warlike-looking conclaves, with guns and spears. Young children
have wooden jembias to accustom them to their use, and it is funny to see
tiny urchins of three or four hurling reeds at each other in imitation of
their elders with more deadly weapons. The Bedouin seem born in an
element of war; one we heard of had lasted fifteen years, but was happily
now stopped for a little while.
On a hill near the plain, about half a mile from Bir Lammas, there are
ruins of good style, probably of the Ashabir period of Hamdani.
We were to ride five hours to the next water after Bir Lammas. I felt it
would be an awful journey, as I was becoming more and more inert, but I
was able to jump on to my camel as usual. I begged my husband to tell me
as each hour passed, being quite determined never to ask too soon, but
every time I did ask it turned out to be only twenty minutes from the
last time.
We were soon out of Wadi Lammas, and went over stony plains with basalt
scattered over them, and no possible place to encamp, which I was keenly
on the look-out for. We went through a curious little pass, not high, but
a very narrow cutting just wide enough for us to ride through, for 300
yards, and then we had to wind down steeply at the other side over rocks.
I began to feel that I had no control over my legs and I hardly cared to
change my position for going up or down hill, and once when my camel
slipped down about 5 feet, I started to fall off headlong, but a Bedou
caught me by my leg and held me on. If I had fallen, as the path was very
narrow, the camel would surely have stepped on me. I should certainly
have cracked my skull first. Camels are not like horses--they do not
object to stepping on people.
A late sultan of Shukra fell from his camel and was trampled on, and
'though the Koran was read to him, and _herris_ or talismans were put on
him, his breath would not stay in him, but came out in half an hour.'
_Herrises_ are put on camels to make them strong; my husband's camel had
one, of which its master was very proud.
At last we came to the Wadi Samluf, and I begged that we might stop and
have a camel fetched for water. I had to be dragged from my camel, and
laid in the cinder-like sand till the tent was pitched, for, as my
malarial fever was constant, and I had no tertian intervals, I lost my
strength completely. Both my husband and I, and several others were very
ill, and we were not strong enough to get at our medicine chest. The
water was very bad. The Sultan Salem and other grandees camped at the
more dangerous open mouth of the valley.
The place where we pitched the tents was very pretty. There were trees
and very fantastic peaky rocks against the sky, and a great step about 3
feet high, which had once been a wave of basalt, black on the yellow
sand.
The camel-men used to spread their beds and light their fire on this sort
of stage by night, but they spent the day under the trees.
The last night we were in the Wadi Samluf there was a great noise--guns
firing, parties going out to reconnoitre, and shouting--but it turned out
that the new-comers who arrived at such an unseasonable hour were sent by
the sultan of Shukra to welcome and escort us.
From this spot I had to be carried to the sea, seventeen miles, on my
bed, which was strengthened with tent-pegs and slung on tent-poles. From
the little sultan downwards there was not one who did not help most
kindly. We went down gently 3,000 feet. I cannot describe this journey,
except that it was so very winding that I seemed to see the camels
meeting and passing me often. Fortunately the crossing of the low hot
Abyan was short.
I dreaded the journey, as I thought my bearers would not keep step, but
they did wonderfully well, though of course they had no path to walk in,
for two men and the bed were far too wide for any path there was. I saw
one man double up his legs and go over a boulder 3 feet or 4 feet high;
and they kept me very even too, and only dropped my head once; the
bearers changed as smoothly as if they were accustomed to it, and were
always saying something kind to me.
I was not pleased at first at being carried off very suddenly head first,
but it was certainly sweeter not having all those men in front of me, and
I rejoiced in a delicious sea-wind, which blew stronger and stronger, and
just seemed to keep me alive. I was very grateful to them, and took good
care never to ask if we had still far to go.
How glad I was to find myself in a rushing, roaring, rabble rout of men,
women, and children tearing along beside me!--not a thing I generally
like, but now it told me of the end of my weary journey. I was deposited
on my bed in a tower, tent-pegs and poles removed, and left with a
spearman on the doorstep to keep off intruders. The rest of our miserable
fever-stricken party came in half an hour later. The sultan of the Fadhli
came to our tent to see us--a pleasant-faced mustard-coloured man; and
also his wife, the daughter of an Aden sheikh, a very handsome woman.
They were very kind in sending milk, watermelons, and any little luxury
they could. The sultan lived in a fine brown building with a stunted
tower, a glorified Arab house, but nothing like those in the Hadhramout.
They send sharks' fins to China from here, as well as from Sokotra and
the Somali coast. This is probably Ptolemy's Agmanisphe Kome. It is just
the right distance from Arabia-Emporium, _i.e._ one day; so we found it.
There was the greatest difficulty in getting a boat, for none of the
ships wished to go to Aden, for fear of quarantine, as they would be
supposed to be coming from the plague-stricken Bombay. My husband
promised 100 rupees for every day, and the sultan compelled a captain
whose baggala was loaded for Mokalla to take us to Aden, by refusing to
give him his papers otherwise.
Our last moments at Shukra were spent lying on the sand with our heads on
a bag, and sheltered by a little bit of sacking on three sticks. The
sultan sat over us on a high chair, saying very polite things. We were
lifted on board our ship at three o'clock, and from the ship admired
Shukra, which looked very picturesque in the evening haze, with its
towers, its few trees, and its many-peaked Goddam mountains behind. We
reached Aden at three next afternoon. This is all I can write about this
journey. It would have been better told, but that I only am left to tell
it.
APPENDICES
I
_LIST OF PLANTS FROM DHOFAR MOUNTAINS, SOUTH-EAST ARABIA, COMMUNICATED BY
J. THEODORE BENT, ESQ., TO KEW GARDENS, MAY 1895._
209. Farsetia near longisiliqua, Dene.
12. Farsetia? (too young)
193. Diplotaxis Harra, Boiss.
Dipterygium glaucum, Dene. var.
163. Ochradenus baccatus, Delile
195. Capparideæ
132. Ionidium, n. sp.
186. Polygala near hohenackeriana, F.& M.
114. Polygala near javana, DC.
201. Tammarix mannifera, Ehrenb.
5. Frankenia pulverulenta, L.
155. Cleome brachycarpa, Vahl
1. Cleome quinquenervia, DC.
65. Gynandropsis pentaphylla, DC.
60. Capparis spinosa, L.
201. Cadaba (incomplete)
136. Cadaba longifolia, R.Br.
208. Polycarpea spicata, W. & A.
156. Gypsophila montana, Balf. fil.
173. Gossypium Stocksii, Mast.
82. Pavonia
Pavonia near glechomoefolia, Ehrenb.
39. Abutilon graveolens, W. & A.
61, 225. Abutilon indicum, Don.
232. Abutilon near indicum, Don.
127, 135. Abutilon fructicosum, G. & P.
212. Sida humilis, Willd.
151. Hibiscus vitifolius, L.
102. Hibiscus micranthus, L.
142. Hibiscus Trionum, L.
66. Senra incana, Cav. wild cotton
46. Malvaceæ, cfr. Senra
206. Cochorus antichorus, Raesch
Cochorus trilocularis, L.
80. Grewia asiatica, L.
181. Grewia populifolia, Vahl
54. Boswellia Carteri, Birdwood
118. Acridocarpus orientalis, A. Juss.
194. Dodonæa viscosa, L.
92. Vitis quadrangularis, Willd.
137. Balsamodendron Opobalsamum, Kunth
93. Indeterminable
128. Moringa aptera, Gaertn.
3, 79. Zizyphus Spina-Christi, Lam.
185. Celastrus senegalensis, Lam.
30, 199. Ruta tuberculata, Forsk.
116. Tribulus alatus, Delile
4. Tribulus terrestris, L.
Zygophyllum album, L.
17. Fagonia arabica, L.
Fagonia Luntii, Baker
68. Fagonia, n. sp. near Luntii and latifolia
157. Acacia Senegal, Willd.
205. Acacia verugera, Schweinf.
69. Cassia, n. sp., near C. holosericea, Fres.
22. Indigofera? (incomplete)
16. Indigofera arabica, J. & S.
36. Indigofera paucifolia, Delile
9, 103. Indigofera argentea, L.
226. Psoralea corylifolia, L.
213. Argyrolobium roseum, J. & S.
170. Rhynchosia minima, DC.
74. Sesbania punctata, Pers.
13, 84. Tephrosia purpurea, Pers. (Muscat)
47. Papilionaceæ, not determinable
146. Oldenlandia Schimperi, T. And.
122. Anogeissus
143. Woodfordia floribunda, Salisb.
48. Pimpinella Tragium, Vill.
182? Cephalandra indica, Naud.
200. Cucurbitaceæ (flowers racemosa, male)
11. Cucumis prophetarum, L. (Muscat)
222. Mollugo hirta, Thunb. (M. Glinus, A. Rich.)
15, 175. Trianthema near T. pentandra, L.
158, 223. Eclipta erecta, L.
25, 232, 220. Vernonia cinerea, Less.
51, 3. Vernonia atriplicifolia, J. & S.
196. Conyza stricta, Willd.
37, 9. ex parte Blumea Jacquemonti, Clarke
9. ex parte Pluchea
7. ex parte Pluchea
190. Gnaphalium luteo-album, L.
40. Microrhynchus nudicaulis, Less.
228. Pulicaria arabica, Cass.
171. Pulicaria leucophylla, Baker
81. Pulicaria sp.
192. Carthamus (Kentrophyllum)
188. Echinops spinosus, L.
35. Centaurea near Calictrapa, L.
221. Lactuca (Ixeris)
235. Lactuca orientalis, Boiss.
233. Lactuca cretica, Desf.?
160, 234, 109. Lactuca? (too incomplete)
149. Solanum nigrum, L.
23. Solanum melongena, L.
6. Solanum xanthocarpum jacquinii, Dunal
73, 150. Withania somnifera, Dunal (Muscat)
16. Hyoscyamus muticus, L.? (Muscat)
140. Dæmia extensa, R.Br.
71. Dæmia cordata, R.Br.
230. Pentatropsis cynanchoides, R.Br.
154. Adenium obesum, R. & S.
104. Azima tetracantha, Lam.
141. Salvadora persica, L.
162. Plumbago zeylanica, Linn.
97. Vogelia indica, Gibs. (V. arabica, Boiss.)
199. Anagallis latifolia, L.
106. Jasminum officinale, L.
13. Statice axillaris, Forsk.
115. Trichodesma
168. Hyoscyamus n. sp.
15. Arnebia hispidissima, Forsk.
126. Cordia Rothii, R. & S.
1. Heliotropium undulatum, Vahl
86. Heliotropium ovalifolium, Forsk.
12. Heliotropium drepanophyllum, Baker
121. Heliotropium zeylanicum, Lam.
21. Lithospermum callosum, Vahl
125. Ipomæa blepharosepala, Hochst.
214. Ipomæa (indeterminable)
112. Ipomæa purpurea, Lam.
227. Ipomæa hederacea, Jacq.
144. Ipomæa obscura, Ker.
119. Ipomæa palmata, Forsk.
61. Ipomæa biloba, Forsk. (Pescapræ)
Ipomæa Batatas, Lam.
229. Ipomæa near Lindleyi, Choisy
147, 148. Ipomæa (Capitatæ) sp.
63. Convolvulus arvensis, L.
55. Convolvulus (Rectæ)
64. Cressa cretica, Linn.
113. Hypoestes verticillaris, R.Br.
83. Ruellia?
107. Ruellia patula, Jacq.
50, 184. Ruellia spp.
110. Acanthus sp.
87. Barleria acanthoides, Vahl
96. Barleria Hochstetteri, nus
95, 174. Barleria spp.
166. Neuracanthus?
100. Neuracanthus?
108. Ruttya (Haplanthera speciosa Hochst.)
224. Justicia debilis, Vahl
91. Justicia simplex, D. Don.
145. Justicia sp.
14; 72. Lippia nodiflora, Rich.
187. Striga.
11. Striga orobanchoides, Benth.
237. Striga hirsuta, Benth.
167. Scrophularia?
2. Linaria macilenta, Dene.
76, 85. Lindenbergia fruticosa, Benth.
78. Orobanche cernua, Loefl.
183. Lantana salviæfolia, Jacq.
111. Lindenbergia? (incomplete)
238. Herpestis Monnieria, H. B. K.
164. Lavandula setifera, T. And.
Coleus aromaticus, Benth.?
152. Orthosiphon near Kirkii, Baker
79. Orthosiphon tenuiflorus, Benth.
191. Ocimum menthæfolium, Hochst.
198. Teucrium (Stachyobotrys)?
169. Teucrium (Pohlium)
10, 27. Digera arvensis, Forsk.
177, 178. Celosia trigyna, L.
34. Achyranthes aspera, L.
98. Pupalia lappacea, Moquin
5. Boerhaavia ascendens, Willd.
14. Boerhaavia elegans, Choisy
24. Boerhaavia plumbaginea, Cav.
89. Boerhaavia (leaves only)
4. Cometes abyssinica, R.Br.
67. Euphorbia n. sp. (cultivated at Kew from Hadhramout)
236. Euphorbia cuneata, Vahl?
42. Euphorbia cactus, Ehrenb.
197. Euphorbia adenenis, Deflers
129. Euphorbia sp.
2, 53. Euphorbia indica, Lam.
37. Aristolochia bracteata, Retz.
88. Forskohlea tenacissima, L.
4. Ficus salicifolia, Vahl
51, 70, 130. Chenopodium murale, L.
38. Amarantus Blitum, L.
161. Polygonum glabrum, Willd.
4. Suæda baccata, Forsk.?
20, 215. Suæda fruticosa, Forsk.
44. Salsola verrucosa, M. B.
61. Halocnemum fruticosum, Moquin
Cornulaca monacantha, Delile
101. Chrozophora obliqua, Vahl
139. Dalechampia scandens, L.
57, 131. Acalypha indica, L.
231. Croton near C. sarcocarpus, Balf. fil.
90. Euphorbia arabica, H. & S.
120. Jatropha spinosa, Vahl
Jatropha villosa, Mull. Arg.
Jatropha lobata, Mull. Arg.
165. Phyllanthus sp.
9. Phyllanthus sp. (Muscat)
172. Phyllanthus, sp. rotundifolius, Linn.
81. Phyllanthus (Muscat)
180, 105, 133. Phyllanthus
159, 210. Ceratopteris thalictroides, Brong.
75. Cheilanthes farinosa, Kaulf.
59. Adiantum caudatum, Linn.
59. Nephrodium odoratum, Baker
56. Pteris longifolia, Linn.
218. Chara hispida, Linn.
71, 123. ex parte Commelyna Forskalie, Vahl
123. ex parte Commelyna albescens, Hassk.
203. ex parte Scirpus littoralis, Schrad
203. ex parte Juncellus laevigatus, C. B. Clarke
138. Eleocharis capitata, R.Br.
41, 134. Cyperus rotundus, Linn.
28. Cyperus conglomeratus, Rottb.
189. Asparagus racemosus, Willd.
217. Naias minor, All.
219. Naias major, All.
153. ex parte Pancratium tortuosum, Herb.
153. ex parte Hæmanthus arabicus, Roem.?
94. Typha angustifolia, Linn.
31. Juncus maritimus, Linn.
216. Potamogeton pectinatus, Linn.
211. Potamogeton natans, Linn.
Panicum Crus-galli, Linn.
176. Cynodon Dactylon, L.
204. Phragmites communis, Trin.
52. Latipes senegalensis, Kunth.
49. Aristida caloptila, Boiss.
45. Pennisetum cenchroides, Pers.
32, 202. Sporobolus spicatus, Vahl
29. Eleusine ægyptiaca, Pers.
26. Panicum geminatum, Forsk.
18. Æluropus litoralis, Parl. var. repens.
32. Heleochloa dura, Pers.
43. Apluda aristata, Linn.
II
_A LIST OF THE LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS COLLECTED IN SOKOTRA BY MR. AND
MRS. THEODORE BENT_
By Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S., Assistant Keeper of Zoology, British Museum.
Previous to the researches of Mr. and Mrs. Bent, only forty-eight land
and freshwater molluscs had been recorded from Sokotra. In addition to
twenty-three of these species, they were fortunate in obtaining eleven
new forms, some of them very remarkable. These have been described and
figured by the writer in the 'Journal of Malacology,' vol. vi. pp. 33-38,
plate v., figs. 1-9. and in the 'Bulletin of the Liverpool Museum,' vol.
ii. No. 1, p. 12. The British Museum is much indebted to Mrs. Bent for
the donation of this valuable collection.
A. Terrestrial Species
1. Buliminus Passamaianus
2. Buliminus Balfouri
3. Buliminus mirabilis, n. sp.
4. Buliminus Bentii, n. sp.
5. Buliminus rotundus, n. sp.
6. Buliminus socotorensis
7. Buliminus semicastaneus
8. Buliminus Balfouri
9. Buliminus hadibuensis
10. Buliminus fragilis
11. Buliminus fusiformis
12. Buliminus acutus, n. sp.
13. Buliminus innocens, n. sp.
13_a._ Buliminus Theodoræ, n. sp.
14. Stenogyra socotrana
15. Stenogyra enodis
16. Stenogyra insculpta, n. sp.
17. Stenogyra decipiens, n. sp.
18. Stenogyra Jessica
19. Stenogyra adonensis
20. Ennea cylindracea, n. sp.
21. Succinea sp.
22. Otopoma Balfouri
23. Otopoma complanatum
24. Otopoma clathratulum
25. Otopoma conicum
26. Tropidophora socotrana
27. Lithidion marmorosum
28. Lithidion Bentii, n. sp.
29. Cyclotopsis radiolata
30. Auricula socotrensis, n. sp.
B. Freshwater Species
31. Melania tuberculata
32. Planorbis sp.
33. Planorbis sp.
III
We bought in Aden a fragment of alabasteroid limestone, said to have come
from the Hadhramout. It is broken on all sides. It is part of a
perpendicular series of sunken square fields, on each of which is
represented in flat relief a sitting or lying goat or chamois with
enormous horns. My fragment has two complete goats and parts of another
above as well as below. The goats look to the right, and there are some
cuttings which may have been part of an inscription on the surface of the
stone to the right of the column of goats. The squares are 4 inches high
by 3½ inches wide--10 centimetres by about 9.
[Illustration: FRAGMENT OF ALABASTEROID LIMESTONE]
That these goats must have some significance is clear from their likeness
to the following objects in the Hof Museum at Vienna, and figured in 'Süd
Arabische Alterthümer,' by Prof. Dr. D. H. Müller. The first is the lower
part of a slab, complete on three sides with a plain surface down the
middle, and columns of goats in squares just like that described above,
on either side, the goat facing inwards. In neither of these cases can
one know how many goats were originally represented.
The second is an architectural fragment composed of alabasteroid
limestone (yellowish in colour), 0.120 centimetres high, 0.202 long, 0.15
thick (so far as it remains).
[Illustration:]
It represents seven chamois (or goats) lying in a row. The heads are
coarsely formed, the eyes like knobs, and the bodies of the two animals
which are outside are indicated in profile. The original use of the
object is uncertain, but, in any case, it must have been a topmost
ornament, for the under-side, though regularly smoothed, is not polished
like the other surfaces, and therefore cannot have been meant to be seen.
The trough which we brought from Al Gran is of the same stone as the
former objects. It is 2 feet long by 11 inches wide and 4 inches high. It
has an inscription containing a dedication to the God Sayan or Seiyin
running all round it and finishing on one side of the top. In the top
there is a depression sloping towards a spout, which is now broken off
all but an inch. The depth of the depression is from one quarter to half
an inch, and the channel in the spout runs down to three-quarters of an
inch. Prof. Dr. D. H. Müller has kindly translated this inscription,
which appears to represent it as an altar. He thinks it must be for
frankincense, but I think it must have been for some liquid. The
inscription on the end opposite the spout is worn by marks of ropes being
dragged against it.
[Illustration: Sabæan Antiquities
1. The Seal of Yarsahal (front view).
2. Copper Seal with Sabota on it.
3. A Pottery Stamp (back view).
4. An Alabaster Lamp.
5. Alabaster Mace Head (?)
6. A Pottery Stamp (front view).
7. The Seal of Yarsahal (side view).
8. An Alabaster Lamp (bottom).
9. Fragment of a Himyaritic Inscription.
]
We bought an object of fine alabaster in Aden. It was said to come from
the Hadhramout. It seems like a seal or stamp and has a hollow round the
back, with spouts in either of the short sides. It had been used as a
lamp when we obtained it. There is a kind of handle or tube pierced
through to the front, probably for suspension.
In the same illustration are also part of an earthenware stamp and the
seal of _Yarsahal, the younger of Shibahm_, with its golden setting, and
a copper seal with _Sabota_ on it.
IV
[Illustration: Letters Distinguishable of an almost obliterated
inscription near Haidi village, near Kalenzia, Sokotra, copied by
Theodore Bent]
[Illustration: Crosses at _Dihaiterere_ on the hill Ditrerre, a spur
of Hamar, Sokotra. A perfect mass of crosses, the various shapes of
which, on the rocks, were copied by Theodore Bent]
[Illustration: Shape of a piece of wood from bone cave at Minèsha, Ras
Momi, Sokotra]
[Illustration: Sokotra camel marks, collected by Theodore Bent, 1897]
V
_SOKOTERI AND MAURI WORDS COLLECTED BY THEODORE BENT IN THE ISLAND OF
SOKOTRA, HE ASKING THE QUESTIONS IN ARABIC_
_The transliteration of the second, fourth, and fifth columns is
according to the system of the Royal Geographical Society._
-----------+----------------+----------------+----------------+------------
|Dialect used in | | |
| South Arabia | | |
English | but not in all | Literary | Mahri | Sokoteri
| instances | Arabic | |
| confined to it | | |
-----------+----------------+----------------+----------------+------------
Fort |[H.]isn |[H.]isn |Hazn |Husn
Spring - |'Ain |'Ain |Mayou |Neshodehin
fountain | | | |
Pickaxe |Kismah | -- |Kasm |Esher
Friend |[H.]ab[=i]b |[H.]ab[=i]b |Mahabba sidi |Mahabba habiba
Moon |Kamar, Bedr |Qamar, Badr |Kubkob, Warra |Kubkob, Ehri
Funeral |Ghin[=a]zah |Gan[=a]zah |Ghinozet |Ghineza
Game (prey)|[S:]aid |[S.]aid |Nehàmel melbetzà|Tahari
Give me |A[t:]ini |'A[t:]ini |Zemi |Endakhemu
Glass |Kiz[=a]z |Qaz[=a]z |Logut |Arashi
Glorious |Gal[=i]l |Gal[=i]l |Anno |Lubak
Hair |Sha'r |Sha'r |Shuf |Thlef
Half |Ni[s.]f or Nus |Ni[s.]f |Nuss |Nuss
Where |Fein |Fein |Fein |Fein
What |Eish or Ei |Esh |Heshendi |Inimdi
No matter |Mal'eish | -- |Laktlela |Bithiokhthi
Thank you |Katter[kh=]airak|Ka[th=]ar[kh=]airak|Katerkhairak |Tarmunkete
Stand here |Stanni hinna | -- |Sarbuhun |Takozha'a
Straight |Dogri |Du[gh=]r[=i] |Hebkalazerom |Torrnà
| | | (or Hepka) |
Blessed |Umb[=a]rrak |Mub[=a]rak |Umbarrak |Umbarak
| _or_ | | |
|Mub[=a]rrak | | |
Stop |Wakkaf |Waqqaf |Solop |Tzullebaha
Hammer |Sh[=a]koush, | -- |Efeie |Taferra
| Hafir | | |
Hang |Shanak |Shanaq |Azab |Khlanak
Hand |Yad |Yad |Hed |Ed
Anchorage |Mérsa |Mars[=a] |Moïsi |Moïsi
Headache |Wagà er ras |Waga'-ar-r[=a]s |Abkos erayhe |Ellak ade
Often |Ketiran-Tamèlli |Ka[th=][=i]ran |Yehoda mekin |Denafakin
Oil |Zeit |Zait |Shigar |Shigar
Onion |Ba[s.]al | -- |Bosalet |Basahal
Water |Moya |Miy[=a]h |Hamou |Diho Riho
Mountain |Ghebel |Gabal |Ghebel |Fèdehan
Milk |Leben |Laban |Khlof |Khlof
Stone |[H.]agar |[H.]agar |Hoben |Oben
Bread |Khubs |Khubz |Khobs |Eshere
Date |Nakhl |Na[kh=]l |Nakelet |Tamari
Man |Ragul |Rajal |Reigh |Eik
True |Shagara |[Sh=]ajar |Shighered |Sherehom
Far |Baïd |Ba'[=i]d |Dahak |Sherehek
Near |Gar[=i]b |Qar[=i]b |Garib |Sheiki
Well |Bir |Bir |Bir |Abahur
Sheep |Ghanem |Ghanam |Kheoz |Oz
Horse |Khail |Khail |Ferehe |Khail
Camel |Gemel |Gamal |Berr[15] |Berr
Sea |Bahar |Ba[h.]r |Dorum |Denhem
Sand |Raml |Raml |Battar |Shimeh
Garment |Toub | -- |Beraka |Farak berekà
Move |Shihl | -- |Shilleil |Tizàminha
Before |Kabl |Qabl |Ksobba |Goddam shei
Name |Ism |Ism |Hemukom[=o]n |Mormùkshom
Bed |Ferash |Fir[=a]sh |Juderi |Gudere
Sun rises |Sherug esh shems|Shar[=u]g-ush- |Skerkot Nayoum |Sherkot Nashom
| | shams | |
Light |Kaf[=i]f |[Kh=]afif |Dernekfif |Manghena
Gold |Dahàb |Tahab |Deheb |Deheb
Iron |[H.]ad[=i]d |[H.]ad[=i]d |Hadid |Hadìd
Silver |Fadda |Fa[d.][d.]a[d.] |Derehem |Derahin
Cloth |Kamash |Qum[=a]sh |Dizhid |Shöd'hem
Cloud |Sahal |Sa[h.][=a]bah? |Afoùr |Hehour
Judge |Kadi |Q[=a]d[=i] |Kadi |Kaldi
Take |Emsak or Emsik |Ims[=a]k |Elkof |Telö
Satan |Shai[t:][=a]n |Shai[t:]an |Shaitan |Markush
Difficult |Sabi |Sabi' |Sabi |Marhere
Evening |Asher |'Ash[=a] |Izhhè |Teloimö
meal | | | |
Midday |Dohr |[Dh=]uhr |Tohr |Vohr
Place |Makan |Mak[=a]m |Mèkon |D'half
Face |Wagh |Wajh |Weggi |Fenè
Faith |Din |D[=i]n |D[=i]n |Izal[=i]hen
Family |Ahl |Ahl |Oher |Dehihkag'-haiho
Fat |Semen |Samn |Mahar |Hammi
Feast |Eid |'[=I]d |Eid |Ayed
Fever |Humma |[H.]umm[=a] |Dighilo |Ghiohör
Little |Khalìl |[Kh=]al[=i]l |Ihnil (or Eint) |Herèrhen, or
| | | | (Ererihen)
-- |Melane |-- |Millè |Millì
Finger |A[s.]bu' |U[s.]bu', |Asba |Esba asali
| a[s.]abe' | A[s.]ba | |
Flea |Barghùt |Bargauth |Gheròse |Gheroz
Fool |Khailak |A[h.]maq |Khailak |Diddo
Saddle |Sarga |Sarga |Zmel |Zmel
Dog |Kelb |Kalb |Kelb |Not known; no
| | | | word
Sheep |Khar[=u]fa |-- |Tiwit |Te'eh
Salt |Mel[h.] |Mal[h.] |Milhoda |Milh
Knife |Sikk[=i]n |Sikk[=i]n |Ais |Sari
Fish |Semek |Samak |Seit |Zode
It is |L[=a]zim |L[=a]zim |Lazerom |Na'ah
necessary| | | |
--you must| | | |
Enough |Bas |Bas |Bas |Ta'ad
One |W[=a][h.]ad |W[=a][h.]ad |Tat |Tat
Two |Itnein |I[th=]na[=i]n |Tro |Tra
Three |Tal[=a]ta |[Th=]al[=a][th=]a|Saratit |Talele
Four |Arba' |Arba' |Arbote |Arbaa
Five |[Kh=]amsa |[Kh=]amsa |Khams |Khamse
Six |Sitta |Sitta |Itìt |Sitta
Seven |Saba' |Saba' |Ibeìt |Saba
Eight |Tamania |[Th=]am[=a]nia |Timminè |Tamania
Nine |Tissa' |Tisa' |Zeit |Testa
Ten |'Ashera |'Ashara |Aserait |Ashera
Twenty |'Ishrin |'Ishr[=i]n |Asherin |Ishrin
One hundred|Mia |Miat |Mieit |Mia
Work |Shugh |Shaghl |Fìsa |Mahalèh
Wound, sore|Gurrèh |Gar[=u]h |Sob |Gourèh
Pain |Waggà |Waga' |Debkhos |Erlakh
Medicine |Dàwa |Daw[=a] |Dewar |Tofin-i-dewar
Sun |Shems |Shams |Hayoum |Shehem
Ready |[T:]a[=i]r |[T:]a[=i]r |Akabìt |Souèdon
Butter |Zùbda |-- |Makozo |Gotomìne
I |Àna |-- |Hèmukomòn |Evumuksham
You |Enta |Antam |Minesmuk |Minmuksham
He |H[=u] |H[=u] |Hou |--
Rope |[H.]abl |[H.]abl |Keit |Enkhar
Son, boy |Welèd |Walad |Aghi[=en] |Mukshin
Daughter |Bint |Bint |Aghinot |Fèrhin
Woman |Horma |[H.]urma |Haremet |Azhè
Wood |Hattab |[H.]a[t.]ab |Hatab |Tirob
Strong |Kawi |Qav[=i] |Musireh |Musirak
War |Harb |[H.]arb |Harb shehen |Harb shehen
More |Kamàn |Kam-min Lawa |Ashishfisa, |Ta'alt'hefisa,
| | | Fileh'niciteh,| Feleh'ntodèh
| | | Riàh | D[=a]
Price |Tamàn |[Th=]aman |Soueh |Tetenà
Meat |La[h.]m |La[h.]m |Tiwë |Tà
Leg |Rigl |Rijl |Serein |Thlaub
Blood |Dam |Dam |Douri |Durr
Allah |Allah |Allah |Allah |Allah
Deaf |Toursh |[T.]ursh |Yehomallah |Doufé
Houses |Bouyo[=u]t |Buy[=u]t |Bouyout |Keke
Seaweed, |[H.]ash[=i]sh |Ha[sh=][=i][sh=]|Mareh |Röd
grass | | | |
Servant |'Abd |'Abd |Hoyur |Embaha
Slave |Gulam |[Gh=]ulam |Gulma |B'thlekum
Tall, long |[T:]aw[=i]l |[T:]aw[=i]l |Taw[=i]l |Ep
(Plural) | Atwàl | A[t:]w[=a]l |Tawil |Dihom
Stars |Nagoùm |Nag[=u]m |Negoun |Kabkap
Lesson |Dars |Dars |Kerì |Mukerè
Truth |Hak |[H.]aqq |Hak |Hak
Without |Bidùn hak |Bid[=u]n haqq |Hammuk hak |Ekmunk hak
truth | | | |
In the |fi'l beit |fi'l bait |be beit |Tofok, diè min
house | | | | kar
In the |fi'l leil |fi'l lail |be leil |billeilhe
night | | | |
In the road|fi'l tar[=i]k |fi'l tar[=i]q |be haron |orun
Heal |Sh[=a]f[=i] |Sh[=a]f[=i] |Bekhairgh |Bekhaeraghe
Heart |Kalb |Qalb |Kalb |Elbi
Heaven |Sam[=a] |Sam[=a] |Simma |Simma
Heavy |Takil |T[h.]aqil |Takil |Eddak
Heel |Akab |'Aq[=i]b |Akonosh |Konosh
Pig |Khansir |-- |Khansir |Khansir
Horn |Karn |Qurn |Kon |Kon
Ready |[H.]adir |[H.]a[dh=]ir |Hader |Hader
Imperfect |N[=a]kis |N[=a]qis |Nakuss |Biziankazank
| | | | bidinya
Impossible |[Gh=]air mumkin |[Gh=]air mumkin |Ghair numkin |Ghair numkin
Possible |Yimkin |Imk[=a]n |Yumkin |Yumkin
Indigo |N[=i]l [n.]edal |N[=i]l |Nihl |Nil
Infant |[T:]ifl |[T:]ifl, |Atfal |Atfal
| (i[t:]f[=a]l | I[t:]fâl | |
| pl.) | | |
Infidel |K[=a]fir |-- |Koffer |Keffer
Ink |Hibr |Hibr |Indud |Medad
Intellect |Akl |'Aql |Okul |Akal
Interpreter|Tergumàn |Targum[=a]n |Makaddam |Dehane makaddam
Island |Gez[=i]ra |Gaz[=i]rah |Gezeira |Gezeira
Jew |Zaho[=u]di |Yah[=u]d[=i] |Yahoude |Yahoude
Kick |Rafos |-- |Erkella |Taràkad
Intelligent|Fah[=i]hm |Fah[=i]m |Fehemdi |Fehem
Kill |Katal |Qatal |Ilbedda |Talata
Kind |La[t:][=i]f |La[t:][=i]f |Altehf |Altuiphin
Arms |Sillah |Sil[=a][h.] |Shki |Shko
Soldier |'Askar |'Askar |Ask[e:]r |Asker
King |Malik |Malik |Moli |D'hemmel
Arrive |Wa[s.]sala |Wa[s.]ala |Wassel |Gidda
Matting-bag|Zamb[=i]l |-- |Z[a.][m.]bil |Zambil
Wise |'Alamah |'[=A]lim |Alamah dimondi |Dimondish alemah
Cut |Ightsal |-- |Hanmel kosorn |Nerdober
Journey |Safar |Safar |Nehassol |Insofar
Tired |Ta'b, Ta'ban |Ta'b-Ta'b[=a]n |Ketlak |Resak
Tribe |Kab[=i]la |Qab[=i]lah |Kabila |Kabela
Now |Dilwakhti |[Dh=]i'l waqti |Leasar |Leasar
Learn |Ta'alem |-- |Mollum |Ma'alem
Tent |[Kh=][=i]mah, |[Kh=][=i]mah |Arzhlìt |Stirìht
| Kheim | | |
Sword |Seif |Saif |Keit |Keòttaha
Summer |Shitta |-- |Kazem |Kébhor
Right, South|Yemèn |Yam[=i]n |Gez[)e]mhine |Tiozeminhah
Left, North|Shemàl |Sham[=a]l |Shem[=i]n |Shemin
East |Shark |Sharq |Shurakot haioum |Shom
West |Garbis |[Gh=]arb |Ghizote |Attabon
Late |Mogreb |Mu[gh=]rib |Mogareb |Mogareb
evening | | | |
How are you|Kheifalak |-- |Besherhelt |Alghiorg
To walk |Masha |-- |Mehèklazerom |Entòholnà
Yes |Ewa |Ayyaw[=a] |Herrì |Herrì
No |L[=a] |L[=a] |-- |Deh
Key |Mifta |Mift[=a]h |Mìftàh |Miftàh
To tie |Urbut |Yarbu[t:] |Urbut |--
Come here |Ta'al hinna |-- |Assab |Tazùm
Give me |Gibli, atini |-- |Inkalbo, Atini |Tadidbo
| | | | Habondishoelae
Take hold |Khod |-- |Shelùs |Tza
Kneel down |Baraka |Baraka |Hebrekaber |Terburuk
(to a | | | |
camel) | | | |
To-morrow |Bukara |Bukara |Bukarèd, |Elli
| | | Bukerade |
Afterwards |Badèn |Ba'den |M'gori |Enzat
Before |Goddam |Qudd[=a]m |Fenouni |Adminlefeni
Inside |Da[kh=]l |D[=a][kh=]il |Keb |Dakhl or Turko
Outside |Barra |Barr[=a]n |Khareg or |Sheraga or
| | | Barr[=a]n | Tcherogehte
Door |B[=a]b |B[=a]b |Bob |Terr
Year |Sanna |Sannah |Senate |Ehno
Week |Shahr |Shahr |Warrakh |Tadkleher
Drunk |Sherab |Sharib |Hamontikè |Nerou
Road |Tarìk |[T:]ar[=i]q |Haurim |Haurim
Dead |Mut |Mat |Maut |Zami
To-day |El yom |Al Yaum |Imor |Hair
Day after |B'ad Bukra |Ba'd bakarah |Bad gehìn |Dishinzomen
to-morrow | | | |
Yesterday |Ems |Ams |Imshi |Imshi
Mosque |Mesjid |Masjid |Masjid |Masjid
Priest |Mollah |Mull[=a] |Ma'alim |Ma'alim
Friday |Gumma |Gama' |Ghimata |Gumma
Cross |Salìb |M[=i]s[=a]n |Mison |Mison
Happy |Mahs[)o]ud |Ma[h.]sûd |Laef |Halut
Together |Saw[=a] |Saw[=a] |Nehanakafakhari |Entafakhari
Buy |Ishteri |Ishtar[=a.] |Hamilthtòr |Intergyer
Above |Fok |Fauq |Hàkala |Minali
Below |Ta[kh=]t |Ta[h.]t |Hamenkerat |Inkodediemen
Everything |Kul shei |Kull shai |Haltikalla |--
Evening |Asser |'A[s.]ar |-- |Dinofari
Wild beast |Wa[h.]sh |Wa[h.]sh |Deshìt |Shodhìhm
How much |Kam |Kam |B'kam |Binemshuon
Dom-tree |Nebek |Naba' |Dom |Firehem
Good |Tayib |[T:]aiyab |Ghet |Dìa
Bad |Battal |Ba[t:]l |Khiob |Dià
Nice |Zein |Zain |Ghit |Shikèro
Great |Kebir |Kab[=i]r |Aghus |Shibìb
Greatest |Akbar |Akbar |Aghusa |Shibìhb
White |Abaid |Abya[d.] |Lebanèd |Lebìne
Black |Asoud |Aswad |Hawa |Khalak Ha-he
Old |Kad[=i]m |Qad[=i]m |Dewìl |Tahan
New |Ghedid |Gad[=i]d |Hidin |Gedìd
Cold |Bard |Bard |Gazùn |Habahur
Hot {|Har |[H.]arr |Hehen |Shehem
or {|Hami |[H.]umm[=a.] |Hanan Hark |Dio denarher
Red |Ahmar |A[h.]mar |Ufer |Afer
Green |Akdar |Akdar |-- |--
Yellow |Asfar |A[s.]far |Hat'hor |Shedhor
Much |Ghali |[Gh=]al[=i] |Zeboun |Ghali
Cheap |Rak[=i]s |-- |Rakis |Rakis
Rich |Ghani |[Gh=]an[=i] |Togìr |Tag
Poor |Fakir |Faq[=i]r |Faker |Faker
Wretched |Meskin |Misk[=i]n |Meskin |Meskin
Father |Ab[=u] |Ab[=u] |Hebe |Bebe
Mother |Om |Umm |Hamme |Beo
Eat |Akul |Akal |Hamkout |Gebenganeo
Fear |[Kh=][=a]f |-- |Linkhaf |Sherboton
Angry |Nehm |-- |Shuhkof |Daime
Sick |Ayyan |-- |Bithell |Giore
Broken, |Maks[=u]r |Maks[=u]r |Tiber |Sheteghen
Injured | | | |
News |Kabar |[Kh=]abar |Kobber |Kabr
Early |Bèdri, Subba |Sab[=a]h |Ksobba |Kasaibeya
Peace |Salaan |Sal[=a]m |Subbaellah |Alburr
Dirty |Wasakh |Wasa[kh=] |Mithkal |Haidek
Clean |Nod[=i]f |Na[dhdh=]af |Ghihdi |Nodeif
Boat |Merkab |Markab |Merkab |Merkab
Ride |Yerkab |Yarkab |Hamle rekhob |Nirerkab
Rain |Matar |Ma[t.]ar |Lehamed |Messer
Crooked |Awwaz |'Awwaj |Nehanellom |Netògher
Finished |Khalas |[Kh=]ala[s.] |Burneghessen |Tettin
Thus |Kidda |Ka[d.][=a] |-- |--
Go { |Yemshi |Yamsh[=i] |Suè |Toïke
{ |Rua |R[=a][h.] |Ghen[=i] |Toher
Prison |Habs |[H.]abs |Habs |Habs
Present |Bakhshis |Bakh[sh=][=i][sh=]|Bakhshesh |Bakhshish
Prophet |Nebi |Nab[=i] |Nebe |Nebe
Open |Maft[=u]h |Maft[=u][h.] |Bob fitàh |Ghinatten
Orphan |Yat[=i]m |Yat[=i]m |Aytìm |Esmediafore
Bucket |Dalu |Dal[=u] |Dolu |M'l'hia
To paint |Lauwan, Laun |Lawwan |Laun |Sourah
Palm |Saóuf nakhl |-- |Safe |Hes el timeri
branches | | | |
Parents |Walidein |W[=a]lidain |Hebe wahami |Bebe wavubeyah
Fowl |Dakika |-- |Karoun |Ent
Liver |Kabid |Kabid |Kabid |Kabid
Thirsty |A[t:]chan |'A[t:]sh[=a]n |Hailuk |Toimek
Hungry |Goàn |G[=i]'[=a]n |Göak |Sottak
Praise |[H.]amd |[H.]amd |Hamd |Hamd
Slow |Ba'ati |-- |Aden abatayah |Aden nau
Christian |Nàzari |Na[s.][=a]r[=i] |Nazari |Nazari
Immediately|Hàlan |[H.][=a]lan |Lazerom |Na'ah
Myrrh gum |Lobàn |Lub[=a]n |Tlahas |Tlahas
Myrrh tree |Leben |-- |Mogherate |Emiïdu
Knee |Rukbah |-- |Bark |Berk
Lame |A'rag |'Arag |Tibere |Gushel
To laugh |[D.]a[h.]ik |Qa[h.]qa[h.] |Istahalk |N'dlahak
Laughter |[D.]i[h.]k |[D.]i[h.]k |Ethelhalk |Entlahak
Leg |Sa[k.] |S[=a]q |Tharem |Ihlop
Leper |Abra[s.] |Ibr[=a][s.] |B'hohg |Behehok
Lift |Urfa |-- |Urfah |Dza(minha)
Like (same |Mitl-shibh |Mi[th=]l |Izdah |Toàha
as) | | | |
Lion |As[=a]d; plural,|Asad |Gailar |(No word, because
| uso[)u]d | | | they say
| | | | 'we none in
| | | | Sokotra')
To dwell |Sakan |Sakan |Nehamel |N'zohn henna
| | | Entowelboum |
Lungs |Riah |Ri, ah |Gil't'hori |Geha
Mad |Magn[=u]n |Magn[=u]n |Haiw[=a]l |Mankaina
Mankind |Beni Adam |Ban[=i] [=A]dam |Beni Adam |Makuloka (cf.
| | | | Makalaka,
| | | | South Africa)
Magic |Sihr |Si[h.]r |Saghir |Sahire
Naked |'Aryán |'Ury[=a]n |Harket el binad |Esoufai libineben
Napkin |Fòu[t:]a |Fau[t:]h |Foutah |Fotere
| _or_ | | |
| F[=u][t:]ah | | |
Neck |'Unk-Ra[k.]abah |'Unq Raqabah |Ghoti |Rokoba
Needle |Ibrah; plural, |Ibrah |Makaite |Makite
| ubàr | | |
Noble |Sharìf |[Sh=]arìf |Sharif |Sharìf
Noise |[S.]aut |[S.]aut |Aroumekin |Metdelhin
| | | _or_ | _or_
| | | Saut | Ta'ad'hin
None |Lâ a[h.]ad |L[=a] a[h.]ad |Hadelabun |Balheh
Nose |Anf, manakhìr, |Anf |Nakarinya |Nahare
| khoshim | | |
Hurry |Ishtagil |-- |Deghodum |Denofer
A quarter |Rub' |Rub' |Erbeit |Töman
Bone |'Azm |'Azm |Athail |Sahilla
Feather |R[=i]shah |-- |Thluf |Nefereri
Quilt |Lahàf |Li[h.][=a]f |Guderi |Miskal
Lamb |Arnab _or_ |-- |Arnab |(They have no
| Erneb | | | word)
Rat |Gard'hom |Gur[dh=]um |Gihreit |Zadahin
Ruined |Kharàb |[Kh=]ar[=a]b |Khaiob |Kharbeni
Purse, bag,|Gaib _or_ |Gaib, jaib |Kies |Kies
pocket | Kies | | |
Idle |Kesl[=a]n |Kasl[=a]n |Fohsel |Aghizdè
Do your |Amel Shuglak |'Aml shu[gh=]lak|Amal hagil de |Tenofar dishberi
work, | | | felene |
_or_| | | |
Mind your| | | |
own | | | |
business | | | |
Book |Kit[=a]b |Kit[=a]b |Nektib |Inkotub
Writing |Mekt[=u]b |Makt[=u]b |Berklub |Berklub
Honey |'Asal |'Asal |Assal |Assal
Behind |Wàra |War[=a] |Manghirek |Minherrin
Bitter |Murr |Murra |Hermet |Ajhi
Wielding |Arouz |'Urs |Arouz |Arouz
But |L[=a]kin |L[=a]kin |Lakin |Yakaïta
Caravan |Kàfila |Q[=a]filah |Shikfilèla |Beghishekfil
Load |Huml |[H.]aml |Hamul |Hamul
Begin |Ibtida |'Ibtid[=a] |Bedihn |Bedehn
Kitchen |M[=u][t:]b[=u]kh|Ma[t:]ba[kh=] |Mutabukh |Mulbakt
Bird |Dik |-- |Dik |Dik
Dig |Hafar |-- |Nehamel hafere |Nehafar
Rest |Rahah |-- |Rahah |Tareharhinnaha
Doctor |[H.]akim |[H.]ak[=i]m |-- |--
Cup |Finj[=a]n |Finj[=a]n |Finjan |Finjan
| K[=u]bayet | | K[=u]bàyet | K[=u]bàyet
Skin |Gild |Gild, jild |Geld |Geld
Eggs |Bei[d:], Degade |Bai[d:] |Degaghe |Degaghe
Never |Abadan |-- |Abadàn |Abadàn
Stream |Ghail |-- |Dihib |Thlab
Paper |Warak |Waraq |Werkart |Warraka
Sit |Ghisel Gitez |-- |Towel |Tsalleh
Dry |Nashif |Na[sh=][sh=]af |Dehar |Terahat
Read |Karà |Qar[=a] |Ktub |Kteb
Scarce |N[=a]dir |N[=a]dir |Kalèd |Khlahrohb
Roast |Shawa |Shawa |Hamtiwi |Tè
Rob |Sarak |Saraq |Hirrik |Seirek
Room |O[d.]a |O[d.]ah |Hod |Hod
Round |[H.]aul |[H.]aul |Hagìr |Haghia
Root |A[s.]l |A[s.]l |Asali |Asl
Run |Raka[d.] |Raka[d.] |Houeh |Tshà
Ripe |Mustawi |Mustawi |Mushtawi |Mushlawi
Seal |[Kh=]at[=i]m |[Kh=]atam |Khatini |Houleh
Riches |Mal |-- |Molshè |Inoshinia
Reap |[H.]a[s.]ad |[H.]a[s.]ad |Hazad |Hazd
Beat |[D:]araba |[D:]araba |L'bedi |Toghì
Nut |Brandouk |-- |Brandouk |Brandouk
Obey |A[t:]a |A[t:]a' |Atawa |Naddub
Order |Amr |Amr |Amr |Amar
Old woman |'Agouz |'Ag[=u]zah |Agouz |Khlibip
Ornament |Zena |Z[=i]nat |Git |Tchera
Owl |Boum |B[=u]m |Tlarhitin |Tlarhiten
Castle |Ka[s.]r |Qasr |[H.]az[a.]r ed |H[)a]zar
_or_| | | Dowlet | S[=a]dahan
palace | | | |
Palm of the|Kaf-fusa |Kaff |Dehòte |Dehò
hand | | | |
Pardon |[Gh=]afar |[Gh=]afar |Netur min el |Beligiter min
| | | habs | el habs
A little |Shwaya |Shuwaiyah |Musted |Einoshedèhe
Where is |Fein el Beled |Fi ain al balad |Hoddehabed del |Hodde belad
the town | | | Felani |
People |N[=a]s |N[=a]s |Haboa |Hohafon
Head |R[=a]s |R[=a]s |Ras |Ras
Blood |Dam |-- |-- |Musailo
Disordered |Dam Kholeil |-- |Douri |Durr
blood | | | |
Pen |Kalam |Qalam |Kalam |Kalam
Anger |[Gh=]adab |[Gh=]adab |Ghatitali |Hetterhinhi
Pay |Waffa |Waf[=a.] |Woffehinki |Waffie
Pepper |Filfil |Filfil |Filfil |Tiflfarlo
Perfume |'I[t:]r |'I[t:]r |Attar |Hal
Perspire |Arak |'Ariq |Deanghalen |Ikimen
Pin |Dabb[=u]s |Dabb[=u]s |Dabous |Dabous
Plague |Ta'[=u]n |[T:][=a]'[=u]n |Duinhaufal Eikeo|Eiked Ouìhafel
Ugly |Ba'in |-- |Behimet |Behimah
Plant |Nab[=a]t |Nabat |Nebhat |Nebout
-----------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------
------------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------------
English | Arabic | Mahri | Sokoteri
------------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------------
What is she doing |Eish yamèlhu |Tum ul aisin |Inempt shüyet
I drink water |Ana sherab moye |Nehamel el tikhe |Ithkellare
You are very kind |Enta latif ketir |Meshiri meikin |Latif beyne
Do you know Mehri?|Enta taraf el Meheri|Arebuk Meheri |Ahruh Mehri
We talk Sokotri |Nahn natàllem el |Nahan natallùm |Ik n'atalam
| Sokoteri | Sokoteriote | Sokoteria
Give me another |Gibli wa[h.]ad |Hateli tadrhaa |Abouli
| [th=][=a]na | | beladàtis
How many days from|Kam ayo'om min |Kam yom m'boun |Kam yom menha
here to the sea?| hinna illa el | ta heik | afta'a
| bahr | |
Near the water |Gar[=i]b el moya |-- |Lal diho
------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 15: When they wish to warn the camel not to knock against
anything in a narrow place they cry 'Berri! Berri!']
LIST OF SOME OF THE ARABIC AND OTHER WORDS EXPLAINED IN THE TEXT
abba, 193
abr, 409
afrit, 199
ailb, 109
attar, 141
awwal, 41
batil, 277
b'dom, 109
brinjol, 141
ghail, 86
ghasl, 109
ghatrif, 248
ghi, 37, 260
gohb, 247[A]
gourod, 306
habat-assoba, 141
halwa, 221
hárami, 116
horma, 212
helf, 141
herris, 426
jembia, 199
kabila, 140
kadhlb, 108
kafila, 85
kahwa, 34
kattira, 230
kayya, 116
kazbah, 120
kei, 245[A]
kharrad, 145
khawah, 57
kho, 275[A]
kourzan, 117
kutcha, 149
lahaf, 245
loess, 128
luthba, 86
medakdak, 81
madhar, 83
madibash, 19
majilis, 34
mangola, 336
masabam, 129
merghazi, 414
mersa, 291
miet, 248[A]
mis'hap, 128
munkala, 336
nakhoda, 281
ohma, 245
ouft, 275[A]
rack, 85
reis, 281
rezai, 245
saap, 145
salang, 19
sambuka, 220
shabib, 93
shur, 275[A]
sirah, 19
siyar, 104
siyara, 104
tara, 21
tarsla, 336
tawilah, 5
whabba, 69
yusur, 294
zamouta, 141
ziara, 132
ziaret, 97
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote A: These words are used by the Gara.]
INDEX
Ababdeh tribe, 290, 296, 305
Abr Shebba, 409
Abyan, plain of the, 401, 407, 427
Abyssapolis, 269
Abyssinia, 91, 101, 314-6
Abyssinians in Sokotra, 354
Adab, 106
Adahan, 388
Addites, 242, 265-6;
legends of, 105, 130
Aden, 46, 393;
difficulties at, 72;
departure from, 228, 346, 399;
return to, 284, 398, 428
Adulis, ruins at, 241
Aelius Gallus, 247, 253
Africa, exploration in, 287
Akaba, the, 88 &c., 164, 166
Akhmed Orab, 305
Alagoum, 130
Al Agran, 124
Al Balad, 240-1
Al Hafa, 232, 235
Al Kaiti, family of, 75, 76 &c., 97, 144, 206, 282
Al Kara, 403
Al Koton, 111 &c.
Al Madi, 190, 191, 194
Albuquerque, in the Persian Gulf, 10;
commentaries of, quoted, 6, 40, 50
Ali, mounds of, 20 &c.
Allaki, mines of, 323
Aloes, 194;
in Sokotra, 376, 381
Amara tribe, 301
Ambergris, 344
Amri tribe, 139, 171, 277
Aòdeli tribe, 424;
mountains of, _ib._
Apes, 271
Arab games, 4, 333
Arad, 2
Armenians, 230
Ascites, 247
Asses, 3, 20
Aydab, 300-1, 305, 325
Baboons, 412
Baggala, 8, 205
Bahrein, Islands of, 1 &c.;
asses of, 3;
coffee-pots, 5;
pearl fisheries, 6;
boats, 8;
history, 9;
wells in, 20, 40;
springs, 14, 41;
British protectorate, 13
Bahrein, Isa, Sultan of, 13. _See also_ El Khalifa
Bahr-Safi, 129
Bakhrein, 82
Balfour, Professor, 343, 382
Barahout. _See_ Bir Borhut
Basra, 83
_Batil_, 8, 229, 277
Batran, 298
Bazahel, 166
Bedja tribes in the Soudan, 301, 323, 354
Beni, 302
Bedouin, attack Maskat, 59;
of the Hadhramout, 74, 73 &c., 93, 128, 213;
the name, 128;
religion of, 133, 261, 274;
origin of, 249;
of the Gara, 239 &c.;
of the Soudan, 301 &c., 350;
of Sokotra, 365 &c.;
in Arabia, 426;
dances, 129
Berenice, 291-2, 294, 296
Bir Baokban, 190
Bir Borhut, 138, 228, 282
Bir Lammas, 425
Bir Mighar, 401
Bisharin, tribe of, in the Sudan, 298, 301, 304 &c.
Boats, Arabian, 215, 220, 230, 277-8, 284, 288, 293.
_See Batil_, _Baggala_, _Houra_, _Sambuka_
British. _See_ Maskat, Persian Gulf, Sokotra
Bushire, 2
Butter-making in Sokotra, 336, 346
Buttra, 17, 35, 46, 66
Camels, in the Hadhramout, fed on fish, 81;
in Dhofar, 244;
in the Soudan, 330;
in Sokotra, 368-9
Camel marks, 369, 438
Camoens, 254
Campbell Bey, 289
Carrei tribe, 247
Carter, Dr., 254
Cholmley, Mr. A., 288
Coral, 294
Darour, 290
Date-palms, stories concerning, 19;
uses of, _ib._;
in the Hadhramout, 116
Derbat, 272
Dervishes in the Soudan, 293, 299, 304, 311-12, 326, 338
Dhofar, plain of, 233 &c.;
products of, 235;
antiquities in, 239;
camels of, 244
_Dianæ Oraculum_, 266
Diodorus quoted, 318, 324
Dioscorides, name of Sokotra, 344, 363
Dirgheg, 407
Dis, 211
Dollars, Maria Theresa, 208, 239, 285, 414
Dragon's-blood tree, 344, 379
Dress of women, 95, 100, 110, 119, 136, 237, 349, 405, 424
Durand, Sir M., 9, 29
Eber, the prophet, 130, 132
Egyptians, ancient, in Arabia, 270;
trade in frankincense, 234;
in the Red Sea, 293;
gold mines, 313, 318, 320 &c.
Egyptians, modern, on the Red Sea 293;
in the Soudan 307, 309
El Hasa, 1;
products of, 5, 38, 42
El Khalifa, family of, 12, 31, 35, 39
El Matra, 58, 68
Emerald mines, 296
Eratosthenes, 21
Erba, Mount, 314, 330
Eriosh, 354
Ethiopians, 302;
in Sokotra, 354
Euphrates Valley Railway, 9
Fahdli tribe, 399, 400, 408 &c.
Farash, 169
Fereghet, 383
Frankincense, 224;
in the Hadhramout, ancient trade in, 89 &c.;
in Dhofar, 234, 245, 252 &c.;
in Sokotra, 344, 380
French in the Persian Gulf, 60
French, Bishop, 68
Gara, mountains, 234;
scenery of, 256 &c, 262 &c.;
tribe, 244, 246 &c.;
weapons of, 247;
customs of, 257;
women of, 258;
religion, 260;
language, 275
Gebaniti, tribe of the, 152
Geological notices, 211-12
Ghaida, 185
Ghail Omr, 170
Goddam, mountains of, 412, 421
Gold mines, Egyptian, 301, 313, 318 &c., 338
Graffiti, 333, 354
Hadai, 315
Hadendowa, 317
Hadhramout, valley of the, 71 &c.;
population of, 79;
meaning of the word, 71;
plants of, 85, 108;
physical features, 90, 108;
castles, 106;
Seyyids of, 115, 227, 280-2, 423
Hadibo. _See_ Tamarida
Hagarein, 96, 98 &c., 103
Hagarein, Abdul, Sultan of, 98 &c., 103, 141, 282
Hagheri Ask, 401, 408
Haghier, Mount, 351, 368, 378
Haibel Gabrein, 90
Halaib, 290, 298
Hami, 210
Hamoumi tribe, 168 &c., 177, 186, 207, 283
Hamoumi, Sultan of the, 214
Hamram, 275
Hatasou, Queen, 270, 293
Haula, 362
Haura, 106
Haura, Sultan of, 282
Hazarmaveth, 72, 89, 95, 133
Herodotus, quoted, 21
Himyaritic remains, 49, 104, 166, 242, 402, 405, 413;
civilisation, 71, 143
inscriptions, 71
Hirsch, Herr Leo, 72
Hormuz, 10
_Houri_, 68, 292
Ibadhuyah. _See_ Ibadiet
Ibadiet, sect of the, 50
Interpreters, 2, 209, 288, 317, 345-6, 364.
_See_ Saleh Hasan
Jabberi tribe, 151, 155 &c., 165
Jayaker, Dr., 69, 228
Jebel Akhdar, 229, 284
Jebel Erba. _See_ Erba
Jebel Gabeil, 405
Jebel Sarrar, 407
Jedda, Consuls murdered at, 283
Jedid, 281;
Sultan of, 277
_Jinni_, 219, 260, 273, 361, 415
Kabr Houd, 130, 139, 282
Kabr Saleh, 130, 139
Kadhoup, 357
Kaidoun, 97
Kalenzia, 346
Kamour, 150
Kanfar, 401-2
Karachi, 228
_Kattira_, 300
Kattiri tribe, 119, 127, 130, 139, 146-7, 277
Khaila, 93, 109
Khalifa, the, 287, 296
Khatiya, 270
Kho Rouri, 270
Khor Shinab, 307
Khoreba, 91, 92
Kilab tribe, 310, 316-7
Kishin, 277, 280;
Sultan of, 280, 362
Koloe, ruins at, 241
Kosseir, 214, 220, 290;
Sultan of, 282
Kufic remains, 300, 313, 316
Kurbab tribe, 311
Kutch, 284
Leprosy, 105
Locusts, 303, 306
Maaber, 219
Mahri tribe, 139, 236, 252-3, 277-8;
in Sokotra, 343, 346, 362;
language, 363-4, 366, 389, 393, 434
Makalla, 74 &c., 142, 224
Makalla, Manassar, Sultan of, 75 &c., 145, 224
Manamah, 3 &c.
Mandob, 161
Mansura, 241
Manteion Artemidos, 241
Marco Polo quoted, 50, 344, 355, 362
Maria Theresa dollars, 208, 239, 414
Marriage ceremonies, 101
Mashonaland, 317, 337, 373
Maskat (_See also_ Oman), 45 &c.
description of, 46, 63;
harbour of, 47;
bazaars, 64;
Portuguese at, 50 &c.;
British in, 54, 55, 58;
Sultans of, 54, 227, 358
Maskat, Feysul, Sultan of, 56, 61;
visit to, 57, 229
Maskat, Tourki, Sultan of, 55
Massawa, 313
Maundeville, Sir John, 8
Medical experiences, 85, 110, 117, 136, 258, 282, 303, 348, 415-6
Merbat, 230 &c., 268-9
Merbat, Suleiman, Wali of, 231 &c., 268, 277
Mersa Halaib, 288
Meshed, 101-2, 105, 141
Miles, Colonel, 234
Minhali tribe, 139, 151, 155, 172, 277
Minqui, 266
Mirage, 401
Mis'hal, plain of, 421, 423 &c.
Mohammed Gol, 296, 301, 309
Moharek, 2;
visit to, 13
Money of Oman, 61, 284
Morghani, sect of the, 298
Moscha, 253, 269, 270
Myos Homos, 290.
_See_ Kosseir
Myrrh in the Hadhramout, 77, 91;
in Dhofar, 254
Naab, 412
Nahadi tribe, 105, 155
Naida, 184-5
Nearchus, Periplus of, 6, 21, 49, 259, 269, 344, 392
Nejd, 39, 142, 236, 264, 361
Nezweh, 47, 49
Oman, 8;
History of, 49 &c.;
Imams of, _ib._;
kingdom of, 235, 278;
coins of, 284.
_See also_ Maskat
Omr, tomb of, 171
Parsees in the Hadhramout, 75, 77
Pearl fisheries, 6 &c., 54, 292
Periplus. _See_ Nearchus
Persians at Bahrein, 11, 17;
in Dhofar, 242
Persian Gulf, British influence in, 13,
45 &c., 54, 59 &c.
_See_ Slavery, Maskat, Bahrein, Portuguese, Phoenicians
Phoenicians in Bahrein, 21 &c.;
origin of the, 22
Piracy, suppression of, 55-6;
in Sokotra, 344
Pliny, quoted, 21, 88, 92, 152, 293
Polygamy, 114
Portuguese, pearl fisheries, 6;
at Bahrein, 10 &c.;
at Maskat, 50 &c.;
in Dhofar, 254;
in Sokotra, 357, 363, 391-2
Portuguese buildings, 11, 17, 18, 49, 63
Ptolemaic period, 291-6
Ptolemy quoted, 88, 92, 241, 266, 272
Punt, land of, 234, 270, 344
Raida, 216-7
Rakhiout, 278
Ramazan, 218, 221, 224, 292
Ras Bagashwa, 220
Ras Bernas, 292, 295
Ras Dis, 220, 281
Ras Fartak, 281
Ras Hamar, 279
Ras Momi, 356, 368, 372, 375-6
Ras Risout, 245, 269
Red Sea, coast of, 290 &c., 340;
slave trade in, 294
Riadh, 304
Risout, 233, 279
Rizat, 275
Robat, 240-1
Roe, Sir Thomas, 355
Rostok, 47
Rufa'a, 21;
visit to, 33
Sa'ah, 162, 173
Sabæan trade in spices, 253-4;
inscriptions, 125, 129, 135, 333;
ruins, 49, 240, 265, 269
Sadler, Colonel Hayes, 228
Safi, King, 129
Sagan, 125
Saièhen, 371
Saihan, 373
Saihut, 142, 207, 233, 280-1
Salaka, 333
Saleh, the prophet, 132.
_See_ Kabr Saleh
Saleh Hasan, 73, 96, 102, 106, 109, 157, 182, 186 &c., 223
_Sambuka_, 220
Sarrar, 214-7
Sawakin, 290, 341
Sawakin Kadim, 300
Schweinfurth, Dr., 343, 391
Sedad, 67
Sellala, 331-4
Seyyids of the Hadhramout, 80
Shabwa, 91, 129, 142, 152
Shafi, sect of, 154
Sheher, 163, 171, 175, 200, 202 &c., 205 &c., 210, 281
Sheher, Hussein, Sultan of, 202, 222, 280, 281, 283
Shellal, 298, 303
Shendeh, 304
Shibahm, city of, 126, 142 &c.;
castle of, 146
Shibahm, Salah-bin-Mohammad, Sultan of, 107, 111 &c., 162, 204, 282
Shukra, 425-7
Sief, 94, 101, 109
Siwoun, 119, 146
Siyar, Siyara, 104, 178, 202, 209, 283
Slave trade, 232;
in the Persian Gulf, 60;
in the Red Sea, 293, 308, 311
Slavery, Arab, 60, 80, 404, 408
Smyth, Captain, 288, 303, 320-2, 341-2
Snow, 423
Sobar, 49
Sokotra, inhabitants of, 280, 363, 369;
history of, 343 &c., 391-2;
geographical position, 345;
language, 345, 357, 363-5, 439;
antiquities of, 373-5, 379, 384;
Christianity in, 344, 354;
Portuguese in, 357, 363, 384, 391-2;
English in, 363, 392-3;
Greeks in, 392;
scenery of, 368, 385, 396
Sokotra, Salem, Sultan of, 280, 362, 394
Solomon, 293
Somali, 89
Soudan, 287 &c.;
Egyptian garrisons in, 290;
slave trade in, 293, 311;
gold, 325;
population of, 301-2;
mountains of, 315
Spain, annexations of Portugal, 49, 51
Sprenger, Aloys, quoted, 241-2, 247
Strabo, quoted, 293
Suakim. _See_ Sawakin.
Sufeila, 186 &c.
Suk, 391, 394
Takha, 240, 268
Talismans, 426
Tamarida, 347, 361, 391
Tamimi tribe, 139, 151, 155 &c., 171, 177, 277
Terim, 119, 146
Terre Pleine, 289
Thumna, 152
Todin, 315
Tokhum, 83
Torisi, quoted, 49
Tourki, Sultan of Maskat, 235, 238
Turks, in Bahrein, 13;
in the Persian Gulf, 51, 54;
in Arabia, 235, 425
Uttubi, 11
Wadi Addattereh (Soudan), 335
Wadi Adim (Hadhramout), 90-1, 159, 169, 170 &c., 189
Wadi al Ain (Hadhramout), 144, 158
Wadi al Aisa (Hadhramout), 90 &c.
Wadi Ambaya (Soudan), 334
Wadi Banna (Fahdli), 401-6
Wadi bin Ali (Hadhramout), 159, 163 &c.
Wadi Doan (Hadhramout), 72, 90-1, 94, 104
Wadi Gabeit (Soudan), 310, 318, 320, 328, 333
Wadi Ghafait (Hadhramout), 84
Wadi Gherid (Hadhramout), 210
Wadi Ghersid (Gara), 256 &c.
Wadi Gumatyewa (Soudan), 315
Wadi Hadai (Soudan), 310, 316
Wadi Hadda (Fahdli), 421
Wadi Hadira (Hadhramout), 163
Wadi Hassan (Fahdli), 407, 409-10
Wadi Hayet (Soudan), 311, 328
Wadi Howeri (Hadhramout), 85-6, 163
Wadi Iroquis (Soudan), 315
Wadi Kasr (Hadhramout), 96
Wadi Khonab (Hadhramout), 130
Wadi Khur (Soudan), 330
Wadi Koukout (Soudan), 335
Wadi Latat (Hadhramout), 130
Wadi Mosila (Hadhramout), 219, 281-282
Wadi Nahast (Gara), 265
Wadi Reban (Fahdli), 418
Wadi Samluf (Fahdli), 427
Wadi Ser (Hadhramout), 126
Wadi Shekheri (Hadhramout), 219
Wadi Sherwin (Hadhramout), 218
Wahabi, sect of, 5, 12, 34, 54, 63, 361
Wali Abdullah-bin-Amr, feud of, 402 &c.
Wali Suleiman. _See_ Merbat.
Wellsted, Lieutenant, 358, 393
Wingate, Colonel, 288
Wrede, Herr v., 72, 97, 129, 130, 155
Xavier, Francis, 355
Yafei (tribe in the Hadhramout), 75, 139, 143, 402 &c.
Yafei Boubakr-bin-Said, Sultan of, 402 &c., 408
Yarsahal, seal of, 151
Yehazahaz, 387
Zanzibar, 55-6, 229
Zimbabwe, ruins of, 407
Zoko. _See_ Suk
Zufar. _See_ Dhofar
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Transcriber's Notes:
This text contains many diacritical marks and symbols, where possible
these are represented in the text by the following symbols.
Diacritical mark above below
-------------------------- ------ ------
macron (straight line) [=x] [x=]
2 dots (diaresis or umlaut) [:x] [x:]
1 dot [.x] [x.]
grave accent [\x] [x\]
acute (égu) accent [/x] [x/]
circumflex [^x] [x^]
caron (v-shaped symbol) [vx] [xv]
breve (u-shaped symbol) [)x] [x)]
tilde [~x] [x~]
cedilla [,x] [x,]
Diacritical marks are sometimes combined e.g. a character with a macron
above and a dot below is respresented as [=x.] in the text.
If a diacritical spans more than one letter, it is represented
like so [xy=].
The HTML version of this text contains links to the page images which
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End of Project Gutenberg's Southern Arabia, by Theodore Bent and Mabel Bent