| Rate of duty |
Period +----------+-------------+-----------+ Authority
|Less than | 75 to 90 | 90 percent|
|75 percent| percent | or more |
| pure | pure | pure |
------------------+----------+-------------+-----------+-----------------
To Sept. 8, 1916. |Free |Free |Free |Free under par.
| | | | 452, Tariff Act
| | | | of 1913, and
| | | | under previous
| | | | acts.
| | | |
Sept. 9, 1916, to | do | do |15 percent |Revenue Act of
Sept. 8, 1921. | | | ad | 1916.
| | | valorem |
| | | and 2½ |
| | | cents per|
| | | pound. |
| | | |
Sept. 9, 1921, to | do | do |15 percent |Emergency Tariff
Sept. 21, 1922. | | | ad | Act of 1921.
| | | valorem | From May 28,
| | | and 2 | 1921, to Sept.
| | | cents per| 21, 1922,
| | | pound. | imports
| | | | prohibited
| | | | except when
| | | | not obtainable
| | | | in sufficient
| | | | quantities or
| | | | on reasonable
| | | | terms as to
| | | | quality, price,
| | | | and terms of
| | | | delivery.
| | | |
Sept. 22, 1922, to| do |55 percent ad|55 percent |Free under par.
Sept. 21, 1924. | | valorem and| ad | 1549 and
| | 7 cents per| valorem | dutiable under
| | pound.[1] | and 7 | par. 27 of
| | | cents per| Tariff Act of
| | | pound.[1]| 1922.
| | | |
Sept. 22, 1924, to| do |40 percent ad|40 percent |Same; ad valorem
June 17, 1930. | | valorem and| ad | reduced to 40
| | 7 cents per| valorem | percent under
| | pound.[1] | and 7 | provisions of
| | | cents per| the Tariff Act
| | | pound.[1]| of 1922.
| | | |
June 18, 1930, to | do | do |20 percent |Free under par.
date. | | | and 3½ | 1651 and
| | | cents per| dutiable under
| | | pound.[1]| par. 27 of the
| | | | Tariff Act of
| | | | 1930.
------------------+----------+-------------+-----------+-----------------
[1] Ad valorem based on American selling price or United States
value.
Under the Tariff Act of 1930 metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol as
such or in mixture, if less than 75 percent pure, would be imported free
under paragraph 1651.[23] If from 75 to 90 percent, they are dutiable
under paragraph 27 at 7 cents a pound and 40 percent based upon American
selling price.[24] And if 90 percent pure or more, they are dutiable
under paragraph 27 at 3½ cents per pound and 20 percent, based upon
American selling price.[25]
The duties on cresylic acid in recent years are shown in table 74. Under
the Tariff Act of 1930, cresylic acid less than 75 percent pure is free
under paragraph 1651.[23] If more than 75 percent pure it is dutiable
under paragraph 27 (b) at 3½ cents per pound and 20 percent, based on
American selling price.[26]
TABLE 74.—_Cresylic acid: Rates of duty upon United States imports,
1916-37_
------------------+----------------------------+------------------------
| Rate of duty |
+----------+-----------------+
Period | Less than| | Authority
|75 percent| 75 percent pure |
| pure | or more |
------------------+----------+-----------------+------------------------
To Sept. 8, 1916. |Free |Free |Free under par. 452 of
| | | Tariff Act of 1913
| | | and previous acts.
| | |
Sept. 9, 1916, to | do |15 percent ad |Revenue Act of 1916.
Sept. 8, 1921. | | valorem and |
| | 2½ cents per |
| | pound. |
| | |
Sept. 9, 1921, to | do |15 percent ad |Emergency Tariff Act of
Sept. 21, 1922. | | valorem and | 1921. From May 28,
| | 2 cents per | 1921, to Sept. 21,
| | pound. | 1922, imports
| | | prohibited except
| | | when not obtainable
| | | in sufficient
| | | quantities or on
| | | reasonable terms as
| | | to quality, price,
| | | and terms of delivery.
| | |
Sept. 22, 1922, to| do |55 percent ad |Free under par. 1549
Sept. 21, 1924. | | valorem and | and dutiable under
| | 7 cents per | par. 27 of the Tariff
| | pound.[1] | Act of 1922.
| | |
Sept. 22, 1924, to| do |40 percent ad |Same; ad valorem
Aug. 18, 1927. | | valorem and | reduced to 40 percent
| | 7 cents per | under provisions of
| | pound.[1] | the Tariff Act of
| | | 1922.
| | |
Aug. 19, 1927, to| do |20 percent ad |Duty reduced by
June 17, 1930. | | valorem and | Presidential
| | 3½ cents per | proclamation.
| | pound.[1] |
| | |
June 18, 1930, to | do |20 percent ad |Free under par. 1651 and
date. | | valorem and | dutiable under par. 27
| | 3½ cents per | of the Tariff Act of
| | pound.[1] | 1930.
------------------+----------+-----------------+------------------------
[1] Ad valorem based on American selling price or United States
value.
_Import statistics._—Imports of the separated and mixed cresols are
combined in official statistics. Table 75 shows imports of the cresols
“90 percent pure or more.” There have been no recorded imports of less
pure grades.
Tables 76, 77, and 78 show, by principal sources, imports of metacresol,
orthocresol, and paracresol, as obtained from invoice analyses by the
United States Tariff Commission. The sum of the three tabulations does
not equal the total shown for all cresols in table 75. The difference
in 1934 of 38,744 pounds valued at $12,906 is accounted for by mixed
cresols. Undoubtedly the differences in other years may be similarly
accounted for.
TABLE 75.—_Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol, 90 percent pure or
more: United States imports for consumption, 1920, and 1923-37_
-----------------+-------------------+--------+------+------+----------
| | | | Unit | Computed
Calendar year | Rate of duty[1] |Quantity| Value| value|ad valorem
| | | | | rate
-----------------+-------------------+--------+------+------+----------
| |_Pounds_| | | _Percent_
| | | | |
1920 |2½ cents per pound | 2,444|$2,230|$0.912| 17.7
| + 15 percent | | | |
1923 |7 cents per pound | 8,754| 5,410| .618| 66.3
| + 55 percent | | | |
1924 |} do | 15,326| 1,995| .130| 108.8
|}7 cents per pound | 1,000| 663| .663| 50.6
| + 40 percent | | | |
1925 | do | 34,874| 5,741| .165| 82.5
1926 | do | 105,238|15,040| .143| 89.0
1927 | do | 174,094|35,054| .201| 74.8
1928 | do | 207,897|33,638| .162| 83.3
1929 | do | 227,974|32,098| .141| 89.8
1930: | | | | |
Jan. 1-June 17 | do | 131,134|14,973| .114| 101.3
June 18-Dec. 31|3½ cents per pound | 71,183|11,762| .165| 41.2
| + 20 percent | | | |
| +--------+------+------+----------
Total, 1930 | | 202,317|26,735| .132| 74.9
1931 | do | 151,571|26,901| .177| 39.7
1932 | do | 83,848|18,530| .221| 35.8
1933 | do | 48,511|16,205| .334| 30.5
1934 | do | 124,598|34,361| .276| 32.7
1935 | do | 65,468|18,290| .279| 32.5
1936 | do | 83,273|27,686| .332| 30.5
1937[2] | do | 167,278|36,227| .217| 36.2
-----------------+-------------------+--------+------+------+----------
[1] Ad valorem rate based on American selling price or United
States value under the Tariff Acts of 1922 and 1930.
[2] Preliminary.
Source: Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States.
TABLE 76.—_Metacresol: United States imports for consumption by principal
sources, in specified years_
----------------------------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
Imported from | 1929 | 1931| 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937[1]
-------------------+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
| Quantity (pounds)
+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
United Kingdom | 113,057| 916|15,769|21,054| 6,500| 6,800| 40,878
Germany | 3,235| | 4,432| | | |
All other countries|[2]1,106| | | | | |[3]11,025
+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
Total | 117,398| 916|20,201|21,054| 6,500| 6,800| 51,903
+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
| Invoice value
+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
United Kingdom | ([4]) |([4])|$5,264|$8,400|$2,645|$2,589| $6,951
Germany | ([4]) |([4])| 1,548| | | |
All other countries| ([4]) |([4])| | | | | [3]4,200
+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
Total | | | 6,812| 8,400| 2,645| 2,589| 11,151
+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
| Invoice unit value
+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
United Kingdom | ([4]) |([4])|$0.334|$0.399|$0.407|$0.380| $0.170
Germany | ([4]) |([4])| .349| | | |
All other countries| ([4]) |([4])| | | | | .381
+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
Average | | | .337| .399| .407| .380| .215
+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
| Percent of total quantity
+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
United Kingdom | 96.30|100.0| 78.06| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 78.76
Germany | 2.76| | 21.94| | | |
All other countries| 2.94| | | | | | [3]21.24
+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
Total | 100.00|100.0|100.00| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.00
-------------------+--------+-----+------+------+------+------+---------
[1] Preliminary.
[2] Netherlands.
[3] Switzerland.
[4] Not available.
Source: Invoice analyses, compiled by U. S. Tariff Commission.
TABLE 77.—_Orthocresol: United States imports for consumption, by
principal sources, in specified years_
-------------------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
Imported from— | 1929 | 1931 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 |1937[1]
-------------------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
| Quantity (pounds)
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
United Kingdom |105,790|79,198|19,548|25,855|29,120|33,816|112,108
Germany | 82,859| 5,914| | 10| 10| |
France | | | | | | 4,480|
All other countries| 30,600| | | | | |
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
Total |219,249|85,112|19,548|25,865|29,130|38,296|112,108
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
| Invoice value
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
United Kingdom |([2]) |([2]) |$1,591|$2,707|$2,529|$3,178|$14,940
Germany |([2]) |([2]) | | 4| 4| |
France | | | | | | 336|
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
Total | | | 1,591| 2,711| 2,533| 3,514| 14,940
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
| Invoice unit value
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
United Kingdom |([2]) |([2]) |$0.081|$0.105|$0.087|$0.094| $0.133
Germany |([2]) |([2]) | | .400| .400| |
France | | | | | | .075|
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
Average | | | .081| .105| .087| .092| .133
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
| Percent of total quantity
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
United Kingdom | 48.25| 93.05| 100.0| 99.96| 99.97| 88.30| 100.00
Germany | 37.79| 6.95| | .04| .03| |
France | | | | | | 11.70|
All other countries| 13.96| | | | | |
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
Total | 100.00|100.00| 100.0|100.00|100.00|100.00| 100.00
-------------------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
[1] Preliminary.
[2] Not available.
Source: Invoice analyses, compiled by U. S. Tariff Commission.
TABLE 78.—_Paracresol: United States imports for consumption, by
principal sources, in specified years_
---------------+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
Imported from— | 1929| 1931 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 |1937[1]
---------------+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
| Quantity (pounds)
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
United Kingdom |2,587| 458| 6,972|16,889|16,625| 32,666| 14,338
Netherlands | |11,243| | | | |
Germany | | | | 8,818|11,023| 6,076|
France | | | |13,228| 5| 6| 4
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
Total |2,587|11,701| 6,972|38,935|27,653| 38,748| 14,342
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
| Invoice value
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
United Kingdom |([2])|([2]) |$2,652|$4,797|$4,485|$10,739| $5,415
Netherlands |([2])|([2]) | | | | |
Germany |([2])|([2]) | | 1,921| 3,090| 3,079|
France |([2])|([2]) | | 3,626| 7| 7| 3
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
Total | | | 2,652|10,344| 7,582| 13,825| 5,418
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
| Invoice unit value
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
United Kingdom |([2])|([2]) |$0.380|$0.284|$0.270| $0.329| $0.378
Netherlands |([2])|([2]) | | | | |
Germany |([2])|([2]) | | .218| .280| .506|
France |([2])|([2]) | | .274| 1.400| 1.167| .750
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
Average | | | .380| .266| .274| .357| .378
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
| Percent of total quantity
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
United Kingdom |100.0| 3.92| 100.0| 43.38| 60.12| 84.30| 99.97
Netherlands | | 96.08| | | | |
Germany | | | | 22.65| 39.86| 15.68|
France | | | | 33.97| .02| .02| .03
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
Total |100.0|100.00| 100.0|100.00|100.00| 100.00| 100.00
---------------+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------
[1] Preliminary.
[2] Not available.
Source: Invoice analyses, compiled by U. S. Tariff Commission.
The processes for recovery of the cresols (fractional distillation)
usually yield products more than 75 percent pure and most of the
consumers of mixed or prepared cresols require products of high purity.
This explains why there are no imports less than 75 percent pure,
notwithstanding that they are duty-free under paragraph 1651.
Under the act of 1930 cresols of 90 percent or greater purity are
assessed for duty at 20 percent ad valorem and 3½ cents per pound while
cresols 75.1 to 89.9 percent pure are assessed for duty at 40 percent ad
valorem and 7 cents per pound. Naturally, since the duty on imports below
90 percent pure is double that on imports over 90 percent pure there are
no imports of the former.
Imports of crude cresylic acid are shown in table 79 and those of refined
cresylic acid in table 80. Imports by principal sources are shown in
tables 81 and 82, for crude and refined, respectively.
TABLE 79.—_Crude cresylic acid: United States imports for consumption,
1924-37_
-------+-----------+---------+-------
Year |Quantity[1]| Value | Unit
| | | value
-------+-----------+---------+-------
| _Pounds_ | |
1924 | 2,327,528| $157,643|$0.068
1925 | 2,163,557| 122,742| .057
1926 | 5,702,740| 331,550| .058
1927 | 9,136,516| 567,802| .062
1928 | 10,687,109| 678,177| .063
1929 | 17,856,765| 952,110| .053
1930 | 9,009,674| 501,418| .056
1931 | 4,937,078| 244,631| .050
1932 | 4,077,700| 164,379| .040
1933 | 5,523,733| 178,824| .032
1934 | 7,163,511| 284,051| .040
1935 | 6,849,113| 265,485| .039
1936 | 13,476,427| 722,575| .054
1937[2]| 16,360,213|1,219,268| .075
-------+-----------+---------+-------
[1] Conversion factor—8.5 pounds to gallon.
[2] Preliminary.
Source: Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States.
TABLE 80.—_Refined cresylic acid: United States imports for consumption,
in specified years, 1919-37_
------------------+---------------+------------+-------+------+----------
| | | | Unit | Computed
Calendar year | Rate of duty | Quantity | Value | value|ad valorem
| | | | | rate
------------------+---------------+------------+-------+------+----------
| | _Pounds_ | | | _Percent_
1919 |2½ cents per | 2,061| $264|$0.128| 34.5
| pound plus | | | |
| 15 percent. | | | |
1920 | do. | 1,040| 244| .235| 25.7
1923 |7 cents per | 2,815| 257| .091| 131.7
| pound plus | | | |
| 55 percent.[1]| | | |
1924: | +============+=======+======+==========
Jan. 1-Sept. 21 | do.[1] | 62,869| 15,169| .241| 84.0
Sept. 22-Dec. 31|7 cents per | 378,777| 29,066| .077| 131.2
| pound plus | | | |
| 40 percent.[1]| | | |
| +------------+-------+------+----------
Total | | 441,646| 44,235| |
1925 | do.[1] | 98,672| 23,618| .239| 69.2
1926 | do.[1] | 25,932| 4,748| .183| 78.2
1927: | +============+=======+======+==========
Jan. 1-Aug. 18 | do.[1] | 1,322| 978| .740| 49.5
Aug. 19-Dec. 31 |3½ cents per | 610,488| 37,896| .062| 76.4
| pound plus | | | |
| 20 percent.[1]| | | |
| +------------+-------+------+----------
Total | | 611,810| 38,874| |
1928 | do.[1] | 976,180| 70,513| .072| 68.5
1929 | do.[1] |[2]2,343,529|183,324| .078| 64.7
1930 |3½ cents per | 1,275,872| 96,047| .075| 66.5
| pound plus | | | |
| 20 percent.[1]| | | |
1931 | do.[1] | [3]707,105| 42,156| .060| 78.7
1932 | do.[1] | [4]641,899| 37,326| .058| 80.2
1933 | do.[1] | 121,634| 9,164| .075| 66.5
1934 | do.[1] | 23,964| 1,497| .062| 76.0
1935 | do.[1] | 16,602| 1,128| .068| 71.5
1936 | do.[1] | 512| 40| .078| 64.8
1937[5] | do.[1] | 46,479| 5,122| .110| 51.8
------------------+---------------+------------+-------+------+----------
[1] Based on American selling price or United States value.
[2] Drawback paid on 44 percent.
[3] Drawback paid on 80 percent.
[4] Drawback paid on 105,285 pounds.
[5] Preliminary.
Source: Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States.
TABLE 81.—_Crude cresylic acid: United States imports for consumption,
from principal sources, in specified years, 1929-37_
-------------------+----------+---------+---------+---------
Imported from— | 1929 | 1931 | 1933 | 1934
-------------------+----------+---------+---------+---------
| Quantity (pounds)
+----------+---------+---------+---------
United Kingdom |13,981,259|3,809,293|5,060,925|6,927,865
Germany | 3,874,400|1,073,491| 357,034| 217,965
Netherlands | 1,106| 54,294| 22,066|
All other countries| | |[2]83,708| 17,681
+----------+---------+---------+---------
Total |17,856,765|4,937,078|5,523,733|7,163,511
+----------+---------+---------+---------
| Value
+----------+---------+---------+---------
United Kingdom | $739,385| $190,333| $165,986| $276,989
Germany | 212,652| 51,643| 8,666| 6,263
Netherlands | 73| 2,655| 551|
All other countries| | | [2]3,621| 799
+----------+---------+---------+---------
Total | 952,110| 244,631| 178,824| 284,051
+----------+---------+---------+---------
| Unit value
+----------+---------+---------+---------
United Kingdom | $0.0529| $0.0500| $0.0328| $0.0400
Germany | .0549| .0481| .0243| .0287
Netherlands | .0660| .0489| .0250|
All other countries| | | .0432| .0452
+----------+---------+---------+---------
Average | .0533| .0495| .0324| .0396
+----------+---------+---------+---------
| Percent of total quantity
+----------+---------+---------+---------
United Kingdom | 78.3| 77.2| 91.6| 96.7
Germany | 21.7| 21.7| 6.5| 3.0
Netherlands | | 1.1| .4|
All other countries| | | 1.5| .3
+----------+---------+---------+---------
Total | 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0
-------------------+----------+---------+---------+---------
-------------------+---------+----------+----------
Imported from— | 1935 | 1936 | 1937[1]
-------------------+---------+----------+----------
| Quantity (pounds)
+---------+----------+----------
United Kingdom |6,753,003|12,344,924|12,704,108
Germany | 95,727| 626,833| 2,499,391
Netherlands | | 17,468|
All other countries| 383|[3]487,202| 1,156,714
+---------+----------+----------
Total |6,849,113|13,476,427|16,360,213
+---------+----------+----------
| Value
+---------+----------+----------
United Kingdom | $262,137| $661,781| $954,953
Germany | 3,325| 33,068| 184,887
Netherlands | | 1,190|
All other countries| 23| [3]26,536| 79,428
+---------+----------+----------
Total | 265,485| 722,575| 1,219,268
+---------+----------+----------
| Unit value
+---------+----------+----------
United Kingdom | $0.0388| $0.0536| $0.0752
Germany | .0347| .0528| .0740
Netherlands | | .0681|
All other countries| .0602| .0545| .0687
+---------+----------+----------
Average | .0388| .0536| .0745
+---------+----------+----------
| Percent of total quantity
+---------+----------+----------
United Kingdom | 98.6| 91.60| 77.65
Germany | 1.4| 4.65| 15.28
Netherlands | | .13|
All other countries| ([4]) | 3.62| 7.07
+---------+----------+----------
Total | 100.0| 100.00| 100.00
-------------------+---------+----------+----------
[1] Preliminary.
[2] Canada.
[3] Canada and France.
[4] Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
Source: Compiled from official statistics of the United States
Department of Commerce.
TABLE 82.—_Refined cresylic acid: United States imports for consumption,
from principal sources, in specified years, 1929-37_
-------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------
Imported from— | 1929 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933
-------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------
| Quantity (pounds)
+---------+-------+-------+-------
Great Britain |1,855,844|604,404|456,783|121,634
Germany | 212,918|102,701|185,028|
All other countries| 274,767| | 88| 500
+---------+-------+-------+-------
Total |2,343,529|707,105|641,899|121,634
+---------+-------+-------+-------
| Value
+---------+-------+-------+-------
Great Britain | $144,630|$35,041|$24,607| $9,164
Germany | 14,699| 7,115| 12,714|
All other countries| 23,995| | 5|
+---------+-------+-------+-------
Total | 183,324| 42,156| 37,326| 9,164
+---------+-------+-------+-------
| Unit value
+---------+-------+-------+-------
Great Britain | $0.078| $0.058| $0.054| $0.075
Germany | .069| .069| .069|
All other countries| .087| | .057|
+---------+-------+-------+-------
Average | 0.78| .060| .058| .075
-------------------+---------+-------+-------+-------
-------------------+------+------+------+-------
Imported from— | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 |1937[1]
-------------------+------+------+------+-------
| Quantity (pounds)
+------+------+------+-------
Great Britain |23,464|16,602| | 46,379
Germany | | | 512|
All other countries| | | | 100
+------+------+------+-------
Total |23,964|16,602| 512| 46,479
+------+------+------+-------
| Value
+------+------+------+-------
Great Britain |$1,412|$1,128| | $5,101
Germany | | | $40|
All other countries| 85| | | 21
+------+------+------+-------
Total | 1,497| 1,128| 40| 5,122
+------+------+------+-------
| Unit value
+------+------+------+-------
Great Britain |$0.060|$0.068| | $0.110
Germany | | |$0.078|
All other countries| .170| | | .210
+------+------+------+-------
Average | .062| .068| .078| .110
-------------------+------+------+------+-------
[1] Preliminary.
Source: Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States.
In 1931 practically all imports of refined cresylic acid were from the
United Kingdom and consigned to one importer in New York. In 1932 about
73 percent of the total dutiable imports were consigned to the same
firm. From these data and from a conference with representatives of the
importer it would appear that the imports were not cresylic acid in its
original meaning (a mixture of cresols in their natural proportions), nor
in the broadened commercial meaning (including with the cresols, xylenols
and higher boiling tar acids), but were chiefly a product consisting
largely of a single cresol separated from its two isomers. Treasury
Decision 46146, effective March 11, 1933, closed the classification of
refined cresylic acid to products of this type and imports thereafter
under this head have been much smaller. After 1927 substantial amounts of
the imports were reexported with benefit of drawback.
The imports of crude cresylic acid are also not of the type which the
domestic producer would sell by that name. Far from being a straight run
mixture of the cresol and higher boiling tar acids, they are usually
a mixture of fractions which have been separated, and then chosen and
combined so that they will meet both the tariff requirement (i. e.,
less than 75 percent of the total product will distill over at 215° C.)
and the specifications of the purchasers. Customer’s specifications are
so drawn that the product will fill his special needs or can easily be
broken down by fractional distillation in this country into elements, one
or more of which will be so usable. Thus although imported crude cresylic
acid must keep within the limitations set by the tariff it approaches
as nearly as possible the type of cresylic acid which, if produced in
this country, would be termed refined, since it was produced to meet the
specifications of the consumer.
United States exports.