(A.D. 1127.)
[Hermann Greven and Molanus in their additions to Usuardus,
Galesinius, Canisius, Saussaye, and the Belgian Martyrologies.
Authorities:--A life by a contemporary, Walter, archdeacon of
Thèrouanne, another life by Gualbert of Bruges, written about two
years after the death of the count, and another by Suger, abbot of S.
Denys, d. 1151.]
Charles the Good, Count of Flanders, the son of S. Canute, King of
Denmark, and Adelheid,[5] daughter of Robert the Frisian, was taken to
Bruges after the martyrdom of his father, (see Jan. 19th), and received
a careful education from Robert II., Count of Flanders, his uncle on
his mother's side, who trained him to be a good knight, 'without fear
and without reproach,' and at the same time to be a good Christian.
Charles distinguished himself by his bravery in the Holy Land, and in
the war carried on by his uncle against the English, and after the
death of Baldwin VII., who succeeded his father, Robert II., in 1111,
and died without issue, he was declared his successor by acclamation
of the nobility and people, in accordance with the dying wish of his
uncle. His elevation was not, however, acceptable to every party in
the state, and his government, which began in the midst of plots, was
brought to a close by one.
[5] Aleidis or Alice.
He was married to Margaret de Clermont, sister of the Bishop of
Tournai, and of the royal blood of France.
On the sea-banks, in the midst of the sand-hills, living by piracy,
and by fishing, were colonies of Flemings. Furnes is the centre of
this district. It was held by Clémence of Burgundy, the widow of
Count Robert II., as her dowry. She had married one of her nieces to
King Louis VI., another to William de Loo, Viscount of Ypres, son of
Philip, her brother-in-law. Consequently there were several ambitious
and powerful parties ready to lay claim to the County of Flanders, and
wrest it from the hands of Charles.
The Flemings of the sea-coast rose, at the instigation of Clémence, and
were secretly favoured by the King of France; whilst, at the same time,
William de Loo asserted his claim.
The feudal nobles desired to profit by these circumstances, to
increase their own power. One of them, Godfrey of Louvain, married the
dowager countess, Clémence. The Counts of Hainault, Boulogne, S. Pol,
and Hesdin, took arms. Clémence took Audenarde, the Count of S. Pol
invaded West Flanders, but Charles fell suddenly on them with an army,
subjugated De Loo, deprived S. Pol of his castle, and the countess of
her dowry, dispersed the armed men of Hainault, Boulogne, and Coucy,
and as Walter of Thérouanne says, "The land held its tongue before
him." The king of France was the first to strike an alliance with him.
These successes excited the mistrust of the king of England and the
emperor Henry V. The latter, under pretext of a war against the duke
of Saxony, assembled an army in August 1124, crossed the Rhine, and
marched towards Metz, threatening to destroy Rheims, where pope
Callixtus II. had lately excommunicated him. In this imminent peril,
all the vassals of the king rallied around Louis VI. "The noble Count
of Flanders," says the abbot Suger, "brought with him ten thousand
brave soldiers, and if there had been time, he would have brought
thrice as many." In face of these preparations to resist his invasion
the emperor withdrew to Utrecht. On his death, all eyes turned to
Charles, and the imperial crown was offered him. He refused it, as
he did also the crown of Jerusalem, offered him by the Christians in
the Holy Land. He now devoted himself to the administration of his
country with great zeal. He enacted wise laws, and laboured to make
justice prevail in all the courts of judicature. Nevertheless a vague
uneasiness prevailed amongst his subjects. The sea had overleaped the
sand-hills, fires had broken out and consumed certain monasteries,
and an eclipse of the sun gave prognostication of further evils. The
winter of 1125 was of unparalleled severity; ice and snow prevailed
till the end of March, and no sooner had the fields and woods begun to
resume their verdant tints, than furious gales and a deluge of rain
dissipated the hopes of the farmers. A dreadful famine ensued. "Some,"
says Gualbert, "perished before they could reach the towns and castles,
where food was obtainable; others died in extending their hands for
alms. In all our land the natural colour of the face had become
exchanged for the pallor of death. Despair was general, for those who
were not themselves in want sickened with grief at the sight of such
miseries."
In these calamities the Count of Flanders exhibited more greatness than
if he had reigned at Aachen, or at Jerusalem. He exempted the farmers
from their taxes and rents, and required them to house and feed so many
poor. At Ypres he distributed 1800 loaves in one day. He forbade the
consumption of barley for the manufacture of beer, that it might be
used for bread, and he ordered the immediate sowing of such vegetables
as are of rapid growth. The ensuing winter was also severe, but with
the spring the distress gave signs of alleviation, for the crops were
abundant, and in the autumn plenty reigned once more. During the stress
of famine, Charles learnt that Lambert, brother of Bertulf, dean of
S. Donatus, at Bruges, had bought up all the grain of the monasteries
of S. Winoc, S. Bertin, S. Peter, and S. Bavo, together with all the
foreign corn that had been brought into the ports from the Baltic, and
was keeping it back so as to sell it at an enormous profit. Charles
sent for Lambert and the dean, and bitterly reproached them. The
Count sent one of his councillors, Tankmar van Straten, to examine
the granaries of these two men, and they were found to be filled to
overflowing with stored-up grain. Tankmar offered a reasonable price
for the store, but it was indignantly refused by the avaricious men.
He, therefore, by the Count's orders, insisted on their receiving it,
and opening the granaries, distributed the corn to the starving poor.
This aroused the wrath of the brothers, who had powerful friends among
the people of Furnes, and to avenge themselves, a project was formed
to assassinate the prince. One day, as he was hearing mass in a chapel
of the Cathedral of S. Donatus, at Bruges, one of the conspirators cut
off his arm with a hatchet, and another clave his skull. His body was
buried in the Church of S. Christopher, but was afterwards translated
to the Cathedral of S. Donatus, where they remained till the period of
the French Revolution, when the cathedral was levelled with the ground.
The relics of the holy martyr were, however, preserved with respect,
and on March 2nd, 1827, seven hundred years after the death of Charles,
were solemnly replaced above an altar in the Church of S. Sauveur,
now used as the cathedral. The day of his festival attracts a great
concourse of the faithful; those afflicted with fever especially come
from all quarters to cure themselves by drinking out of the skull of
the Blessed Charles the Good.
[Illustration: Decorative motif, snowdrops]
March 3.
SS. MARINUS, _M._, AND ASTERIUS, _C. at Cæsarea, circ._ A.D. 260.
SS. FELIX, CASTUS, LUCIOLUS, FLORIAN, JUSTUS, AND OTHERS, _MM.
in Africa_.
SS. EMETHERIUS AND CHELIDONIUS, _MM. at Calahorra, in Spain_.
SS. BASILISCUS, EUTROPIUS, AND CLEONICUS, _MM. at Amasea and
Comana, in Pontus, circ._ A.D. 308.
S. CAMILLA, _V. R. at Ecoulives, near Auxerre_, A.D. 437.
S. NÔN, _W. in Wales, the Mother of S. David, circ._ A.D. 460.
S. WINWALOE, _Ab. of Landevenec, in Brittany, 6th cent._
S. TITIAN, _B. of Brescia, circ._ A.D. 526.
S. CALUPANUS, _H. at Clermont_, A.D. 576.
S. KUNEGUND, _Empss. V., Wife and Wid., at Bamberg, circ._ A.D. 1040.