TROY WEIGHT.
24 grains = 1 dwt.
20 dwts. = 1 ounce.
12 ounces = 1 pound.
Used for weighing gold, silver, and jewels.
APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT.
20 grains = 1 scruple.
3 scruples = 1 dram.
8 drams = 1 ounce.
12 ounces = 1 pound.
The ounce and pound in this are the same as in Troy weight.
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.
27¹¹/₃₂ grains = 1 dram.
16 drams = 1 ounce.
16 ounces = 1 pound.
25 pounds = 1 quarter.
4 quarters = 1 cwt.
2000 lbs. = 1 short ton.
2240 lbs. = 1 long ton.
DRY MEASURE.
2 pints = 1 quart.
8 quarts = 1 peck.
4 pecks = 1 bushel.
36 bushels = 1 chaldron.
LIQUID MEASURE.
4 gills = 1 pint.
2 pints = 1 quart.
4 quarts = 1 gallon.
31⅓ gallons = 1 barrel.
2 barrels = 1 hogshead.
TIME MEASURE.
60 seconds = 1 minute.
60 minutes = 1 hour.
24 hours = 1 day.
7 days = 1 week.
28, 29, 30, or 31 days = 1 calendar month
(30 days = 1 month in computing interest).
365 days = 1 year.
366 days = 1 leap year.
CIRCULAR MEASURE.
60 seconds = 1 minute.
60 minutes = 1 degree.
30 degrees = 1 sign.
90 degrees = 1 quadrant.
4 quadrants = 12 signs, or 360 degrees = 1 circle.
LONG MEASURE.
12 inches = 1 foot.
3 feet = 1 yard.
5½ yards = 1 rod.
40 rods = 1 furlong.
8 furlongs = 1 statute mile.
3 miles = 1 league.
CLOTH MEASURE.
2¼ inches = 1 nail.
4 nails = 1 quarter.
4 quarters = 1 yard.
MARINERS’ MEASURE.
6 feet = 1 fathom.
20 fathoms = 1 cable length.
7½ ca. lgth. = 1 mile.
5280 feet = 1 stat. mile.
6085 feet = 1 naut. mile.
MISCELLANEOUS.
3 inches = 1 palm.
4 inches = 1 hand.
6 inches = 1 span.
18 inches = 1 cubit.
21.8 in. = 1 Bible cubit.
2½ feet = 1 military pace.
SQUARE MEASURE.
144 sq. in. = 1 sq. ft.
9 sq. feet = 1 sq. yd.
36¼ sq. yds. = 1 sq. rod.
40 sq. rods = 1 rood.
4 roods = 1 acre.
640 acres = 1 sq. mile.
NUMERICAL TABLE.
12 things = 1 dozen.
12 dozen = 1 gross.
12 gross = 1 great gross.
20 things = 1 score.
24 sheets = 1 quire.
20 quires, or 480 sheets = 1 ream.
SIMPLE FRACTIONS.
⁶/₁₀ of 15 = 6 × 15 ÷ 10 = 9
³/₁₀ of 15 = 3 × 15 ÷ 10 = 4⁵/₁₀
³/₁₀ of 60 = 3 × 60 ÷ 10 = 18
⁶/₁₀ of 60 = 6 × 60 ÷ 10 = 36
METRIC SYSTEM.
Meter = Unit of length.
Gram = Unit of weight.
Liter = Unit of capacity.
METRIC MEASURES OF LENGTH DECREASING.
Decimeter (dm.) = one-tenth, .1, or ¹/₁₀ of a meter.
Centimeter (cm.) = one-hundredth, .01, or ¹/₁₀₀ of a meter.
Millimeter (mm.) = one-thousandth, .001, or ¹/₁₀₀₀ of a meter.
METRIC MEASURES OF LENGTH INCREASING.
Decameter (Dm.) = 10 meters.
Hectometer (Hm.) = 100 meters.
Kilometer (Km.) = 1000 meters.
APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC
AND STANDARD MEASURES OF LENGTH.
1 meter = 39.37 inches.
1 centimeter = ⅖ inch.
5 centimeters = 2 inches.
30.5 centimeters = 12 “
1 millimeter = ¹/₂₅ inch.
25 millimeters = 1 “
METRIC WEIGHTS.
1 gram (Gm.) = weight of 1 cubic centimeter of water.
1 decigram (dg.) = one-tenth, 0.1, or ¹/₁₀ of a gram.
1 centigram (cg.) = one-hundredth, 0.01, or ¹/₁₀₀ of a gram.
1 milligram (mg.) = one-thousandth, 0.001, or ¹/₁₀₀₀ of a gram.
1 Decagram (Dg.) = 10 grams.
1 Hectogram (Hg.) = 100 grams.
1 Kilogram (Kg.) = 1000 grams.