was thrilled by the stories she read in the newspapers of the noble work
of Florence Nightingale, the famous nurse in the Crimean War between
Great Britain and Russia. It was said that the English soldiers adored
Nurse Nightingale almost as if she were an angel from heaven, and some
of them kissed her shadow when it fell upon their pillows as she passed
by.
When Fort Sumter was fired on and President Lincoln began calling for
soldiers to defend the country, Clara Barton was soon found at the
front, in places of great danger. Fitting up a house or even an old barn
for a hospital, she went about on the battlefields looking for wounded
men, and doing all she could to relieve and help them. She ministered to
the dying, writing many a last letter to give comfort to the sorrowing
ones at home. Corresponding with newspapers in the north, she did
wonders in obtaining medicines, hospital supplies, and comforts for her
sick and wounded brothers in the army. She was appointed “lady manager”
of all the hospitals at the front in Virginia. Those who knew most about
her great work declared that her services to her country were wider
reaching even than those of Florence Nightingale, the greatest nurse the
world had yet known. Then it was that the grateful soldiers called Clara
Barton “the Angel of the Battlefield.”
During the last weeks of his life, President Lincoln sent for Miss
Barton and asked her to undertake the difficult task of finding out in
as many cases as possible what had become of the eighty thousand
soldiers reported missing from the Union army. At this memorable meeting
the Great Heart of the White House stood face to face with one of the
greatest-hearted women in the world of that day.
Clara Barton spent four years more tracing out the fate of thirty
thousand missing men. To her great joy she learned that thousands upon
thousands of those who had been reported as deserters had bravely given
their lives for their country.
Miss Barton then went to Europe to rest awhile and regain the health she
had lost by overwork. While there she studied the work of a Swiss who
was trying to found a new society for nursing and caring for the sick
and wounded soldiers of all nations. Because it had a red cross on a
white ground for badge and flag, it was named the Red Cross Society.
When war broke out between France and Prussia, Clara Barton became known
as “the Angel of the Battlefields” of France. After her return to the
United States she began to organize the American Red Cross Society,
which has since become the greatest power in the world for the relief of
suffering.
Wherever there was a calamity or a pestilence--the great forest fire in
Michigan; the earthquake at Charleston, South Carolina; yellow fever in
Florida; the Johnstown flood in Pennsylvania; the Turkish massacres in
Armenia--there Clara Barton, though now an old woman, was always “the
first to come and the last to go.”
Though she was seventy-seven in the year of the war with Spain, she was
active in sharing the hardships of the American soldiers in Cuba,
nursing Roosevelt’s Rough Riders along with the rest of the sick and
wounded at the front.
Though she lived to be over ninety, honored and beloved by millions for
her constant labors of love and mercy, Clara Barton did not live to see,
in the World War, the most wonderful carrying out of all her plans for
soldiers on the field and in the hospital. The beautiful woman known as
“the World Mother,” pictured on the poster displayed to raise money and
supplies for the Red Cross work in America, might well have been the
portrait of Clara Barton, for no woman in all history has done more to
relieve and heal the sufferings of mankind. The millions upon millions
of men, women, and children now numbered in the membership of the
American Red Cross Society, by giving, knitting, rolling bandages, or
buying Red Cross stamps and Christmas seals, are carrying on the work
begun by the frail, sickly, bashful little girl whose yearning heart and
busy hands gave her the name of the “Angel of the Battlefield.”
HENRY W. LONGFELLOW, THE AMERICAN CHILDREN’S POET
Living in Portland, Maine, a town of rare beauty, Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow could hardly have helped being a poet, even if he had tried.
He was born in a big, square, three-story house, close to the edge of
Casco Bay, one of the largest and loveliest harbors in the world.
Portland stands on several wooded hills, overlooking the bay, which is
said to contain three hundred and sixty-five small islands--one for
every day in the year. On the blue water the green islands sparkle like
emeralds on a shining sea of sapphire.
From the highest point on Great Diamond, one of the larger islands in
the harbor, little Henry could see, sometimes, as the sun was setting
behind the hills of Portland, the hazy blue and pink outlines of the
White Mountains, more than a hundred miles away. Any boy with eyes and
heart to take in the deep meaning of it all would have wanted to be a
poet. Henry’s inner nature throbbed in response to the beauties of
Nature without, and because he had the gift of putting his feelings into
words, he was a poet long before he or those around him realized it.
Like the boy Benjamin Franklin and the boy George Washington, who lived
about a hundred years before him, the Longfellow boy had the best
chances to hear the sailors who came into port tell their tales of the
sea--of pirates and hairbreadth adventures.
Henry’s grandfather--his mother’s father--was bluff old General Peleg
Wadsworth, a hero of the Revolutionary War. He could tell stories of the
struggle for independence that would have fired the soul of any boy.
[Illustration: HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW.]
In the War of 1812, when the little Longfellow lad was only five, a
company of American soldiers was stationed in the fort at Portland to
defend the town against attacks from British warships. Young as Henry
was, he understood what all the excitement meant. When he was in his
seventh year, he heard the booming of the cannon in the great sea battle
between the American brig _Enterprise_ and the British schooner _Boxer_.
Both commanders were killed and buried on one of the hills of Portland.
There was a sensation when the _Enterprise_ towed the _Boxer_ into port
as a prize of war. In the poem, “My Lost Youth,” nearly fifty years
after the battle, Longfellow wrote:
“I remember the sea-fight far away
How it thundered o’er the tide!
And the dead captains as they lay
In their graves o’erlooking the tranquil bay
Where they in battle died.”
Out near Hiram, Maine, where the Wadsworth family lived, there was a
little lake known as Lovell’s Pond. On one of his visits to his
grandfather’s, young Henry heard the story of a battle which had taken
place there during the French and Indian War. When he was thirteen he
wrote four stanzas which he named “The Battle of Lovell’s Pond.” Signing
it “Henry,” he left it at the office of the Portland _Gazette_, telling
only his sister what he had done. A writer has told a story of the way
Henry’s first published poem was received:
“In the morning how slowly the father unfolded the damp sheet, and how
carefully he dried it at the open fire before he began to read it! And
how much foreign news there seemed to be in it!
“At last, Henry and the sister who shared his secret peeped over their
parent’s shoulder--and the poem was there! They spent most of the day
reading it. In the evening they went to play with a son of Judge Mellen,
and while the judge was sitting by the fire in the twilight with the
young folk and a few older neighbors around him, he said,
“Did you see the piece in to-day’s paper? Very stiff, remarkably stiff!
Moreover, it is all borrowed--every word of it!”
When Henry was fifteen, his father sent him to Bowdoin College, at
Brunswick, Maine, with his older brother, Stephen. Though the father was
himself a graduate of Harvard, he was a director of this new college in
his own state. Henry was graduated at eighteen and, young though he was,
the trustees of the college invited him to come back, a few years later,
as their professor of modern languages.
So the young graduate traveled in Europe to gain a speaking knowledge of
all the languages he would have to teach. At the age of twenty-two, he
became a professor at Bowdoin.
After five years at his own college, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was
chosen Professor of Modern Languages at Harvard. He spent the first year
in Europe. The next year he began his work as a Harvard professor. He
boarded at the Craigie mansion, which had been General Washington’s
headquarters during the first year of the War for Independence, sixty
years before. Indeed, he slept in the same room occupied by the Father
of his Country as a bedroom.
Although he had published several books of poetry, Longfellow’s poems
did not begin to be popular till “A Psalm of Life” was published, in
his thirty-third year. This poem made many people talk about him.
Ministers preached about it, and the lines were set to music. Here is
one stanza of this famous poem:
“Lives of great men all remind us
We can make our lives sublime,
And, departing, leave behind us
Footprints in the sands of time.”
Then such short poems as “Excelsior,” “The Village Blacksmith,” “The
Rainy Day,” “The Arrow and the Song,” “The Day Is Done,” and many
others, were recited in schools and sung in thousands of homes.
Of Longfellow’s longer poems, “Evangeline” and “The Courtship of Miles
Standish” are, perhaps, the most popular. It is said that more people
know of the Pilgrim Fathers of Plymouth through the latter poem than by
reading the history of the country. It is a story of the lovely
Priscilla and her true lover, John Alden, who came to ask her to marry
Miles Standish. That little captain was brave enough to fight with
savages, but he shrank from the bright eyes of Priscilla Mullens. John
Alden was a true soldier and delivered his captain’s message, but
Priscilla, knowing his loyal heart, only smiled at him and asked: “Why
don’t you speak for yourself, John?” And one of the
great-great-great-grandsons of John Alden and his lovely wife,
Priscilla, was the poet Longfellow!
“Hiawatha,” the poem about the Indian tribes, is also a great favorite,
especially with the children. This is because of its descriptions of
Indian customs and legends. It is the life history of the Indian boy,
Hiawatha, from the time when he was a funny little papoose till he had
grown to sturdy manhood.
When the little Indian boy was old enough he was sent out on a lone hunt
through the wilderness to fit himself to become a true Indian brave.
Here is what he did and saw and heard at that time:
“Forth into the forest straightway
All alone walked Hiawatha
Proudly, with his bow and arrows;
And the birds sang round him, o’er him:
‘Do not shoot us, Hiawatha!’
Sang the robin, the Opeechee,
Sang the bluebird, the Owaissa,
‘Do not shoot us, Hiawatha!’
“Up the oak-tree close behind him,
Sprang the squirrel, Adjidaumo,
In and out among the branches,
Coughed and chattered from the oak-tree,
Laughed, and said between his laughing,
‘Do not shoot me, Hiawatha!’”
Some of the Indian tribes of the Great Northwest were so delighted with
“Hiawatha” that they voted to make the poet one of their great chiefs;
and after Longfellow himself had gone to the “Happy Hunting Grounds”
across the River of Death, the Indians went through a formal service
making the poet’s daughter Alice a girl chief.
It must have been because he was so fond of children that Longfellow
became known as the “Children’s Poet.” In the hall of quaint old Craigie
House, which became the poet’s home, stood the stately “Old Clock on the
Stairs,” solemnly ticking: “Forever, never! Never, forever!” In the
early morning the spacious rooms were made bright with the merry
laughter of Longfellow’s three little daughters, running down to spend
an hour with their kindly, white-haired poet father. Of this he wrote in
a poem named “The Children’s Hour”:
“From my study I see in the lamplight,
Descending the broad hall stair,
Grave Alice, and laughing Allegra,
And Edith with golden hair.”
Longfellow’s last poem was about “The Bells of San Blas,” which appeared
in print just a few days before he died. The close of this--the last
poetry he ever wrote--were these three lines:
“Out of the shadow of night
The world rolls into light--
It is daybreak everywhere.”
INDEX
KEY TO PRONUNCIATION
āte, sen*ate, râre, căt, loc*al, fär, åsk, p_å_rade; scēne, *event,
ĕdge, nov*el, refḛr; rîght, sĭn; cōld, *obey, côrd, stŏp, c*ompare;
ūnit, *unite, bûrn, cŭt, foc*us, menü; bōōt, fŏŏt; f=ou=nd; b=oi=l;
fuṅction; =ch=ase; =g=ood; =j=oy; _th_en, =th=ick; hw = wh as in
when; zh = z as in azure; kh = ch as in loch.
A
Aaron (ā´r*on), 3
Aboukir (_å_-bōō-kēr´) Bay, 75
Achilles (å-kĭl´ēz), 12
Acre (ä´kêr), (see _Akka_)
Africa (ăf´rĭ-k_å_), 32
Akka (ä´kå), 49
Albany (ôl´b_å_-nĭ), 118
Alciun (*al´sĭ-ŭn), 33
Alden (ôl´dĕn), John, 162
Alexander (ăl´´ĕg-zăn´dĕr) the Great, 20-24;
conquers Persia, 22
Alexandria (ăl´´ĕg-zăn´drĭ-_å_), 24
Alfred (ăl´frĕd), King, 37, 41
Alfred the Great, (see _Alfred, King_)
Alps (ălps) Mountains, 69
Annapolis (ă-nåp´*o-lĭs), 342
“Apology of Socrates,” 19
Arden (är´dĕn), Mary, 58
“Ashland,” 325
Asia Minor (ā´sh_å_ mī´nḛr), 26
Athens (ăth´ĕnz), 15
Aztecs (ăz´tĕks), 90
B
Baltimore (bôl´tĭ-mōr), (See _Calvert, George_)
Barton (bär´tŭn), Clara, 358-364
Battle Hill, 44
Beacon Hill, 174
Blackstone, William, 173
_Bon Homme Richard_ (b*o-n*om rē´´-shär´), 212
Boone (bōōn), Daniel, 232-240
Boulogne (bōō-lŏn´; Fr. bōō´´lō´ṅy), 36
Bowdoin (bō´d’n) College, 368
Bowie (bō´*e), Colonel James, 265
Braddock (brăd´*ok), General Edward, 301
Bradford (brăd´fḛrd), William, 162
Brandywine (brăn´dĭ-wīn´´), battle of, 205, 304
Brewster (brōō´stḛr), Elder, 161
Britain (brit´_å_n), 28
Bryant (brē´_å_nt), William Cullen, 332
Bull Run, battle of, 345
Burr (bŭr), Colonel Aaron, 304, 308
C
Cabot (kă´b*ot), John, 145
Cadiz (kā´dĭz), 113
Cæsar (sē´z_å_r), Julius, 24-31
Calhoun (kăl-hōōn´), John C., 320-327
Calvert (kăl´vûrt), Cecil, 180-185
Calvert (kăl´vûrt), Leonard, 180-185
Cape Cod, 162
Cartier (kär´tyå´), Jacques, 151
Carver (kär´vḛr), John, 161
Cassandra (kă-săn´dr_å_), 13
Cathay (cå´thā), (see _China_)
Champlain (shăm-plān´), Samuel, sieur de, 151-160
Charlemagne (shär´lĕ-mān), (see _Charles the Great_)
Charles the Great, 33-36
Charles Martel, Duke, 32
China (chī´n_å_), 79
Circe (sûr´sē), 14
Claiborne (klā´bûrn), William, 183
Clarence, Duke of, (see _William the Fourth_)
Clark (klärk), George Rogers, 240-247
Clark, William, 250-257
Clay (klā), Henry, 320-325
Code Napoleon, 69
Columbus (k*o-lŭm´b*us), Christopher, 78-84
Congo (kŏn´gō), 132
Constantinople (kŏn´´stăn-tĭ-nō´pl), 36
Cook, Frederick A., 139
Copenhagen (kō´´p*en-hā´g*en), 76
Cornwallis (kôrn-wăl´´ĭs), General Charles, 206, 217
Corsica (kôr´sĭ-k_å_), 66
Cortes (kōr´´tās´) Hernando, 89-95
Cotton-gin (kŏt´n-jĭn), 267
Crockett (krŏk´ĕt), David, 258-265
Cromwell (krŏm´wĕl), Oliver, 61-65
Crusades (krōō-sāds´), 48
Cyclops (sē´klŏps), 13
Czar (zär), 31
D
Danes (dāns), 38
Darien (dā´rĭ-ĕn), 105
Darius (dă-rī´ŭs), King of Persia, 21
Dark Ages, 32
Dauphin (dô´fĭn), 52
David (dā´vĭd), 6-10, 40;
kills Goliath, 8
Davis (dā´vĭs), Jefferson, 342
Declaration of Independence, 184, 188, 301, 313
Denmark (dĕn´märk), 76
De Soto (dē´sō´to), Hernando, 96-101
Dewey (dū´ĭ), Admiral George, 356
Dictator (dĭk´tā-tḛr), 29
Domesday (dōōms´dā), Book, 46
Douglas (dŭg´lis), Stephen A., 331
Drake (drāk), Sir Francis, 102-109
Duke Charles, (see _Charles Martel_)
Dutch East India Company, 115
E
Edison (ĕd´ĭ-s*un), Thomas Alva, 285-291
Edward the Confessor, King, 43
Egypt (ē´jĭpt), 22
Egyptians (*e-jĭp´sh*ans), 3
El Dorado (*el d*o-rä´dō), 113
Eliab (*e-lī´_å_b), 7
Elijah (*e-li´j_å_), 308
Elizabeth (*e-lĭz´_å_-beth), Queen, 61, 105, 109
Emancipation Proclamation, 331
England (ĭn´gl*and), 108
Epic (ĕp´ĭk), 12
“Et tu Brute!”, 30
Europe (ū´r*op), 32
Exodus (ĕk´s*o-dŭs), 4
F
Farragut (făr´_å_-gŭt), David, 346-352
Ferdinand (fḛr´dĭ-nănd), King, 80
Field, Cyrus W., 278
Fort Donelson (dŏn´*el-s*un), battle of, 339
Fort Duquesne (dōō-kān´), 234, 301
Fort Henry (hĕn´rĭ), battle of, 339
Fort Sumter (sŭm´tḛr), 362
Forum (fō´rŭm), Roman, 26
Fox (fŏks), George, 185
Franklin (frănk´lĭn), Benjamin, 203, 271, 290, 292-296
Franks (frăṅks), 32
French (frĕnsh), 32
Fulton (fōōl´t*un), Robert, 270-273
G
Gama (gä´mä), Vasco da, 84
Gauls (gâls), 27
Genoa (jĕn´ō-å), 78
George the Third, King, 313
Germans (jûr´m*ans), 36
Gettysburg (gĕt´tĭs-bŭrg) Address, Lincoln’s, 332
Gibraltar (jī-brâl´tēr), 152
“Give me Liberty or give me Death,” 194
Gladiators (glăd´ĭ-ā´´-tḛr), 27
Gods and Goddesses, 12
“Golden Hind,” The, 105
Golden Rule, 177
Goliath (g*o-lī´ăth), 8
Good Hope, Cape of, 84
Gordian (gôr´dĭ-ăn) knot, 22
Graces (grā´s*ez), The, 15
Grant (grănt), General Ulysses S., 332-340
Greece (grēs), 10
Greene (grēn), General Nathanael, 266
Guerrilla (gĕ-rĭl´_å_) warfare, 219
H
Hamilton (hăm´ĭl-t*un), Alexander, 301-309
Hamilton, Henry, 241
Hampden (håmp´d*en), John, 64
Hale (hāl), Captain Nathan, 194-201
“Halfmoon,” The, 115
Harold, King, 44
Harvard (här´v_å_rd), University, 342, 355
Hastings (hās´tĭngz), battle of, 44
Hawkins (hô´kĭnz), Sir John, 103
Hayne (hān), Robert Y., 326
Hector (hĕk´tḛr), 12
Helen (hĕl´ĕn) of Troy, 12
Henry of Navarre, King, (see _Henry the Fourth_)
Henry the Fourth, King, 151
Henry, Patrick, 190-194, 242
Henson (hĕn´sŭn), Matthew, 139
Homer (hō´mḛr), 10
Horn, Cape, 105
House of Burgesses, Virginia, 193
Houston (hūs´t*un), General Sam, 264
Howe (how), Elias, 282-285
Howe, General William, 196
Hudson (hŭd´s*un), Henry, 115-120
I
“I have not yet begun to fight,” 214
“Iliad,” the, 12
Ilium (ĭl´ĭ-*um), (see _Troy_)
India (ĭn´dĭ-_å_), 79, 84
“I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country,” 201
Iroquois (ĭr´´*o-kwoī´), 154
Isabella (ĭz´´_å_-bĕl´_å_), Queen, 80
Israel (ēs´´rä-ĕl), 7
Italy (ĭt´_å_-lĭ; It. Italia), 78
Ithaca (ĭth´_å_-k_å_), 13
J
Jackson (jăk´s*un), Andrew, 260, 315-320
Jefferson (jĕf´ḛr-s*un), Thomas, 242, 309-314
Jerusalem (j*e-rōō´s_å_-lĕm), 48
Joan (jō´ăn) of Arc, 52-57
John, King, 47
Joliet (zh*o´´ly*a´), Louis, 121
Jonathan (jŏn´ă-th*an), 10
Jones (jōns), John Paul, 208-216
K
Kaiser (kī´zḛr), 31
Kent Island, 183
King’s College, 302
L
Ladrone (lă-drōn´) Islands, 88
Lafayette (lä´fā-yet´´), Marquis de, 201-208, 276, 304
La Plata (lä plä´tä) River, 86
La Salle (lä säl), Robert, Cavalier de, 120
Latin (lăt´ĭn), 25
Lee, Richard Henry, 193, 311
Lee, General Robert E., 340, 341-346
Lewis (lōō´ĭs) and Clark (klärk) Expedition, 247-257, 314
Lewis (lōō´is), Meriwether, 248
Lincoln (lĭng´kŭn), Abraham, 318, 327-332
Lion-hearted Richard, 47-51
Livingstone (lĭv´ĭng-stŭn), David, 126-136
Lombards (lŏm´bărds), 33
Longfellow (lŏng´fĕl-*o), Henry Wadsworth, 167, 356-371
Louisiana (Lōō´´ē-zē-ă´n_å_) Purchase, 314
M
Macedon (măs´*e-dŏn), 20
Madison (măd´ĭ-s*un), President James, 325
Magellan (må-jĕl´_å_n), Ferdinand, 84-89
Manassas, battle of, (see _Bull Run_)
Manhattan, 116
Marconi (mär-kō´nĭ), Guglielmo, 278
Marengo (mă-rĕng´*o), battle of, 69
Marianne (see _Ladrone Islands_)
Marie Antoinette (mă´´rē´ ăn´´twå-nĕt´), Queen, 76
Marion (măr´ē-*on), General Francis, 217-223
Marquette (mär´kĕt´´), Father Jacques, 121
Maryland (mĕr´ĭ-l_å_nd), 182
“Mayflower”, the, 160
McCormick (m_å_-kôr´mĭk), Cyrus H., 279-282
McKinley (mā-kĭn´lĭ), President William, 356
Mexican (mĕks´ĭ-kăn) War, 339
“Might makes Right,” 31
Milton (mĭl´tŭn), John, 170
Miriam (mĭr´ē-ăm), 1
Mississippi (mĭs´´ĭs-sĭp´pĭ) River, 101, 120
Mobile (mŏ-bēl´) Bay, battle of, 350
Moffatt (mŏf´ĕt), Doctor Robert, 128
Mohammed (mō-hăm´ĕd), 32
Moluccas (mō-lŭk´_å_z), (see _Spice Islands_)
Monroe (mŏn-rō´), President James, 207
Montcalm (môn´´käm´), Marquis de, 225
Monterey (mŏn-tĕ-rā´), battle of, 339
Montezuma (mŏn´´t*e-zōō´m_å_), Emperor, 91
“Monticello” (mŏn´´tĭ-sĕl´ō), 311
Montreal (mŏn´´trē-ôl´), 120, 152
Morse (mŏrs), Samuel Finley Breese, 274-278
Moses, 1-6, 308;
in the bulrushes, 1
Mount Sinai (Sī´nī), 6
Mount Vernon (vûr´nŭn), 300
N
Naples (nā´plz), Queen of, 76
Napoleon Bonaparte (nå-pō´lē-on bō´n_å_-pärt), 65-72, 314
Naval Academy, U. S., 342
Nebo (nē´bō), 6
Nelson (nĕl´s*un), Admiral Horatio, 72-77
New Netherland (nĕth´ḛr-lănd), 116
New Orleans (ôr´l*e-_å_nz), 314, 349;
battle of, 318
Niagara (nī-ă´g_å_-rå) Falls, 122
Nightingale (nīt´ĭn-gāl), Florence, 362
Nile (nīl) River, 24
Northmen, 38
North Pole, discovery of, 137
O
“Odyssey,” the, 12
“Old Hickory,” 318
Oliver (ŏl´ĭ-vûr), 34
Orleans (ôr´l*e-_å_nz), 53
Oxford (ŏks´fḛrd), University, 185
P
paladins (păl´_å_-dĭns), 34
Panama (păn-_å_-mä´), Isthmus of, (see _Darien_)
Paris (Pă´rĭs; Fr. pä´´rē´), 12
Passover (pås´ō´´vḛr), 4
Patagonia (pă´´t_å_-gō´nĭ-_å_), 87
Patrician (p_å_-trĭsh´*an), 26
Patroclus (p_å_-trō´klŭs), 12
Peary (pē´rĭ), Marie Snowbaby, 141
Admiral Robert E., 137
Penelope (p*e-nĕl´*o-p*e), 14
Pennsylvania (pĕn´´sĭl-vā´nĭ-_å_), 185
Penn (pĕn), Admiral Sir William, 185;
William, 152, 178, 185
Pericles (pĕr´ĭ-klēs), 15
Persia (pḛr´zh_å_), 21
Pharaoh (fā´rō; fā´r*a-ō), 1, 5
Philadelphia (fĭl´´_å_-dĕl´fĭ-_å_), 188
Philip (fĭl´ĭp) King of Macedon, 20
Philistines (fĭ-lĭs´tĭns; fĭl´ĭs-tĭns), 7
philosophers (fĭ-lŏs´*o-fḛrs), 16
Pilgrims (pĭl´grĭms), 150, 161
Plato (plā´tō), 19
Plymouth (plĭ´m*uth), 108, 160
Pocahontas (pō´´c_å_-hŏn´t_å_s), 150
Pompey (pŏm´pĭ), 28
Ponce de Leon (pōn´thā dā lā´on), 96
“Poor Richard’s Almanac,” 294
Pope (pōp), 33;
Leo, 36
Portugal (pôr´t*u-g_å_l), 78
Priam (prī´ăm), King, 12
Providence (prŏv´ĭ-d*ens), 180
Psalms (säms), 10
Putnam (pŭt´n_å_m), General Israel, 196
Q
Quakers (kwāk´ḛrs), 177, 185
Quebec (kwē-bĕk´), 151, 224
R
Raleigh (rô´lĭ), Sir Walter, 109
Ranger (rān´jḛr), 209
Red Sea, 4
Rheims (räṅs; Eng. rēmz), 52
Richard, King, 47
Robert, Duke of Normandy, 42
Roland, 34
Rolfe, John, 150
Rome (rōm), 24, 25
Roosevelt (rō´z*e-vĕlt), Theodore, 352
Rouen (rü´´äṅ´), 57, 120
Rubicon (rōō´bĭ-kŏn), 29
S
St. Helena (h*e-lē´n_å_), 71
St. Lawrence (lô´r*ens) River, 120
Saladin (săl´ă-dĭn), 49
Samuel, 7
Saracens (săr´_å_-sĕns), 32
Saul (sôl), King, 7, 40
schools of philosophy, 16
Schuyler (skī´lḛr), General Philip, 306
Scylla (sĭl´_å_) and Charybdis (k_å_-rĭb´dĭs), 14
Senate (sĕn´*at), (Roman), 28
Senlac (sĕn´lăk) Hill (see _Battle Hill_)
Shakespeare (shāk´-spēr), William, 30, 58
Sirens (sī´rĕnz), 14
Smith, Captain John, 116, 145-150
Society of Friends, (see _Quakers_)
Socrates (sŏk´r_å_-tĕz), 15
“Socratic method,” 17
Solomon (sŏl´*o-m*un), King, 10, 24
“Song of Roland,” 34
South Sea, (see _Pacific Ocean_)
Spain (spān), 27, 32, 113
Spanish Armada (är-mā´d_å_), 109
Spice (spīs) Islands, 84
Stamp Act, 311
Standish (stănd´ĭsh), Myles, 160
Stanley (stăn´lĭ), Henry M., 134
Stratford-on-Avon (ā´v*on), 58
Stuart (stū´_å_rt), James, 62, 113
T
tablets, 6, 26
Ten Commandments, 6
Tierra del Fuego (t*e-ĕr´rå dĕl fwā´g*o), 88
Tories (tō´rĭz), 197, 217
Tours (tōōrz), 32
Trafalgar (tr_å_-făl´g_å_r) battle of, 72
Travis, Colonel William Barrett, 264
Trojan (trō´j*an) horse, 13
Trojans, 13
Troy (troi), 12;
war against, 12
U
Ulysses (*u-lĭs´ēz), 13
Ulysses’ bow, 15
V
Valley Forge (fôrj), 205, 304
Valparaiso (văl´´p_å_-rī´sō), 106
Venice (vĕn´ĭs), 78
“Veni, Vidi, Vici,” 30
Vera Cruz (vĕr´_å_ krōōz), 91
Victoria (vĭk-tō´rĭ-_å_) Falls, 132
Virginia (vĭr-jĭn´ĭ-_å_) Company, 146
W
War for Independence, 195
Washington (wôsh´ĭng-tŭn), George, 193, 224, 296-301
Waterloo (wô´tḛr-lōō´), battle of, 71
Wayne (wān), General “Mad” Anthony, 250
Webster (wĕb´stḛr), Daniel, 308, 320-327
West, Benjamin, 271
Westminster Abbey, 136
West Point, 336
Military Academy, 342
Whitney (hwĭt´nĭ), Eli, 266, 269
William and Mary College, 310
William of Normandy, 42-47
William the Conqueror, 45
Williams, Roger, 176-180
Winthrop, Governor John, 170-175
witan (wĭt´ăn), 44
Wolfe (wŭlf), General James, 227
Wolf-hearted John, 47