THE MUTINY AT SPITHEAD--AN EXCEPTION--VALUE OF A CHRISTIAN CAPTAIN--THE
MUTINY BREAKS OUT AT SHEERNESS--ANOTHER LOYAL SHIP--THE MUTINY QUELLED.
In the year 1797 an event occurred connected with the navy of England,
which cannot even now be thought of without sorrow and shame. The crews
of most of the ships of the Channel fleet then anchored at Spithead
deposed their officers, and refused to proceed to sea, unless certain
grievances of which they complained were redressed.
It must be remembered, however, that the seamen of those days were very
uneducated--too often utterly ignorant of religious truth, and thus
easily imposed upon by designing men. Their pay was scanty, the
provisions served out to them often bad, and deficient in quantity,
while no care was taken of their moral or spiritual welfare. Still no
excuse can be offered for mutiny however much we may pity those who are
induced to commit the crime in the hopes of obtaining redress for
wrongs. The Christian must ever look to his Lord and Master, and be
guided by His conduct under wrong and oppression. However, all the
ships' companies did not mutiny, and among those which remained faithful
to their duty was the crew of the _Saint Fiorenzo_ frigate, Captain Sir
Harry Burrard Neale. How came this about? Was discipline less strict
on board the _Saint Fiorenzo_? Were her crew allowed greater licence
than those of other ships? Certainly not. But on board her the law of
kindness, of mercy, and justice prevailed; on board many others it was
too often neglected. However, an account of the behaviour of her crew
on that trying occasion shall be given in the words of one who was then
a midshipman on board her:--
"Our captain was one of the most upright and humane men in the service--
a perfect officer and a perfect gentleman;" and a true, humble
Christian, from whose mouth an oath never proceeded, whose lips never
uttered a falsehood, might have been added. "He was a great favourite
with George the Third, and the _Saint Fiorenzo_ had consequently been
appointed to attend on His Majesty during his summer sojourn at
Weymouth. The King won the affection of both officers and men by his
urbane and kind manners whenever he came on board. He used to call us
up, and talk to us, lieutenants, midshipmen, and seamen alike, in the
most familiar manner, taking an interest in our private histories, and
all we had to say for ourselves. No wonder, then, that officers and men
were loyal to the back-bone. Our captain, too, from the day he
commissioned the ship, had, by his justice and kindness, done still more
to make the officers and men love him. Few fathers would have been more
thoughtful of the interests of their children than he was of the welfare
of the men under his charge. On the 14th of April, 1797, the _Saint
Fiorenzo_ lay at Spithead, forming one of a large fleet under Lord
Bridport. It was known that certain complaints had been sent up to the
Admiralty by the ships' companies, but little was thought of the matter
by the officers, when some of the petty officers of the _Saint Fiorenzo_
informed Sir Harry that the men of most of the ships had resolved to
mutiny, if the complaints were not forthwith attended to. It was
supposed that the documents received at the Admiralty were forgeries, or
sent up by a few disaffected men. Sir Harry, however, on
cross-questioning our people, was convinced that the petitions really
did express the opinions of the seamen of the navy, and promising that
he would make the true state of the case known, that very evening sent
up an officer with despatches to London. The next day the mutiny broke
out, and each ship's company was directed to send representatives,
called delegates, on board the _Queen Charlotte_. Sir Harry directed
our ship's company to select two of the most sensible and trustworthy of
our men, Aynsley and Stanley, as their delegates, and they regularly
informed him of all that was taking place. His representations had
great weight at head-quarters; the more reasonable demands of the
mutineers were granted, and the seamen returned to their duty.
"In the meantime we received orders to fit out at Sheerness, to carry
over the Princess Royal to Cuxhaven, after her marriage with the Duke of
Wurtemburg. That no time might be lost, the guns on both sides, from
the cabin door to the break of the poop, were sent down into the hold,
that the carpenters might begin fitting up the cabins, thus crippling
our powers as a fighting ship.
"On our arrival at Sheerness, great was our astonishment at finding the
red flag--the signal of mutiny--flying on board the _Sandwich_. It
being supposed that her crew had not been informed of what had taken
place at Spithead, our delegates were sent to explain matters. On
getting on board they were disgusted to find that fresh demands had been
made on the Government by the crews of the North Sea fleet, of a nature
so frivolous that they were not at all likely to be granted. Our men,
it appeared, expressed their views in a very unguarded way, and in no
courteous language. This enraged Parker--the unhappy man who had
assumed the command of the fleet--and the other ringleaders, and our
ship's company became marked as disaffected to the common cause. From
the information our delegates gave on their return, it was suspected
that the mutineers intended removing our officers. In consequence, Sir
Harry resolved immediately to quit the fleet and to run into the harbour
of Sheerness.
"Near us lay the _Clyde_, an old fellow-cruiser, commanded by Captain
Cunningham, who had, also, by kindness and justice, won the confidence
and affection of his crew. An arrangement was accordingly made between
the two captains and the ship's companies, that they would make the
attempt together, and share each other's fortune.
"Neither of our pilots, however, through fear or treachery, would take
charge of the ships. At this juncture Captain Cunningham went on board
the _Chatham_ yacht, which lay near, for Mr William Bardo, one of her
mates with whose fitness for the task he was acquainted. Mr Bardo
undertook the task of piloting the _Clyde_, and as she was the inshore
ship, she was to move first. We watched her with intense anxiety. She
cast the right way, and before one of the ships in the power of the
mutineers could make sail after her, she was safe from pursuit. Not
having a pilot we could trust, and the tide now being unfavourable, Sir
Harry decided to wait till the suspicions of the mutineers might be
lulled. Our anxiety was relieved when, soon after dusk, Mr Bardo, sent
by Captain Cunningham, came off to us in a small boat to pilot us in.
Just, however, as we were preparing to move the next morning, a body of
the delegates came on board, and, abusing our men for allowing the
_Clyde_ to escape without firing into her, ordered them to bring the
_Saint Fiorenzo_ in and place her between the _Inflexible_ and
_Director_, to unbend our sails, and to send our gunpowder on board the
_Sandwich_, the flag-ship of the so-called Admiral Parker. So enraged
were our people with these orders, that one of the quarter-masters, John
Aynsley, came aft, and in the name of the ship's company, begged that
they might heave the delegates overboard.
"Sir Harry, however, to whom all matters were referred, while he sat
quietly in his cabin out of sight, ordered our delegates to express
their readiness to comply with Admiral Parker's orders; and at length
the mutineers, satisfied that we were about to do as directed, left the
ship.
"As soon as they were gone, we got springs on our cable, so as to cast
inwards, and all was made ready to run, as was at first intended, into
Sheerness. In heaving, however, the spring broke, and we cast outward.
The effect of this was to carry us right among the mutinous fleet.
"At this critical juncture, Sir Harry, whose presence of mind never
forsook him, directed one of the quartermasters to appear on deck as if
in command, while he and all the officers concealed themselves in
different parts of the ship--he posting himself so that he could,
unseen, issue his orders. In a moment every sail was sheeted home, and
we stood in between the two line-of-battle ships, which, as the
delegates had told us, had all their guns double shotted, while their
crews stood ready, lanyards in hand, to sink us with their broadsides.
"On we stood, the ship gathering good way, when, as we got in among the
mutinous fleet, Sir Harry gave the order to let fly all the sheets.
This so completely took the mutineers by surprise that they, believing
the ship was coming about, did not fire a shot at us. Sir Harry then
ordered the helm to be put `hard a port,' which caused the ship to shoot
ahead of the _Inflexible_ and clear of her. He immediately sprang on
deck, crying out, `Well done, my lads!' A loud murmur of applause was
heard fore and aft along the deck, but we had no time for cheering.
`Now clear away the bulk-heads, and mount the guns,' he added. Scarcely
were the words out of his mouth, than the whole fleet of thirty-two sail
opened their fire. The shot fell thick as hail around us on every side.
The men stood at their stations without flinching. Of course it would
have been worse than useless to have returned their fire.
"On we stood. Never ship passed through such a fire so slightly
scathed. Not that we escaped altogether; now a shot struck us, now
another. The _Director_ alone might have sunk us; but, as far as we
could judge, not a shot came from her. Some believed that her crew,
struck with admiration at the heroism displayed by our people, fired
wide, or did not put shot into their guns. Though we were repeatedly
hulled, not a rope was shot away, nor was any one hurt on board. God in
his mercy, working as he thinks fit to work through human agency,
protected us. Everybody was labouring with a will, and in two hours we
had our decks clear, our guns mounted, and were in a perfect state of
preparation to meet a foe.
"No sooner was this done than the men came aft in a body, and begged Sir
Harry that should any of the mutinous fleet come up with us, they might
be allowed to go down at their guns rather than return to the Nore. The
captain promised them that they should have their wish: at which they
seemed as contented as if some great favour had been done them.
"As yet, however, there were no signs of our being pursued: though
shortly the determination of our men was to be put to the test.
"Sir Harry had resolved to return to Portsmouth, and when just off the
mouth of the Thames a fleet of men-of-war hove in sight. They
approached with the red flag at their mast-heads. This was the North
Sea fleet, with the admiral and all the officers under arrest.
"No sooner were we seen than a frigate bore down on us. That we could
escape her was doubtful; and though we could have beaten her off had we
fired, we should have brought the rest of the fleet down on us. Sir
Harry, therefore, gave the speaking-trumpet to Stanley, and directed him
to answer the questions of the mutineers. His replies seemed
satisfactory, for the frigate, hauling her wind, rejoined the fleet.
Scarcely had we lost sight of the North Sea fleet, than we spoke a brig,
which gave us the astounding information that the mutiny had again
broken out at Spithead. We therefore, just as it was growing dark,
anchored under Dungeness, with springs on our cables, prepared for an
attack.
"Towards the end of the middle watch, a large ship, as she appeared, was
seen bearing down towards us. The crew, believing her to be a foe,
again came aft, and repeated their request to be allowed to sink, rather
than surrender to the mutineers. The private signals were made: they
were answered; but that was no security, as the mutineers would of
course have possessed themselves of them. The drum beat to quarters.
It was a time of awful suspense. The wind was very light. The stranger
closed slowly. Many asserted that she was a line-of-battle ship. As
the light from our fighting-lanterns beamed forth from every port, it
was easily seen what we were. Our springs were hove on, to keep our
broadside to bear. Our captain hailed; breathless, we waited for a
reply. The answer was, `H.M.S. _Huzzar_, Captain Lord Garlais, from the
West Indies.' Coming from a long voyage, she was high out of the water,
which made her appear, in the gloom, like a line-of-battle ship. When
his people, who had heard nothing of the mutiny, were acquainted with
what had occurred, they were so much struck with the bravery and
determination of our ship's company, that they promised to stick by us,
and share our fate if attacked by the mutineers. Not many days after
this, Parker and his associates were allowed by the seamen they had
misled to be carried on shore by a file of soldiers, without opposition,
and the mutiny was brought to an end."
The last years of that good captain, who had been the friend and
companion of princes--who had so often in battle met the enemies of his
country, were spent in visiting the cottages of the poor surrounding his
house, telling them of the Saviour's love, carrying them food and
clothing, and other comforts, and never failing to speak kind words of
comfort and advice.
But we must not pause here. Some important lessons are to be learnt
from this narrative. See how the law of love and kindness, combined
with justice, prevails, where harshness and severity fail. The crews of
the _Saint Fiorenzo_ and _Clyde_ were composed of the same class of men
as those of the ships which mutinied; yet the latter basely struck their
colours, and the former were ready to die for their officers.
Let us ask ourselves, how do we rule in our families--over those placed
under us? By the rule of our merciful Saviour, or by the rule of the
world, of our own tempers--that is, the flesh--or of the devil?
See, again, by the way the crew of the _Huzzar_ behaved, what a good
example can effect. If we adhere to the Captain of our Salvation--
firmly and boldly confess him--we may be assured that we not only shall
gain the respect of our associates, but, which is of far more
consequence, that we shall bring over others to love and confess him
also.
Then, again, can we, after reading this account, think without sorrow
and confusion of the way we have behaved to our heavenly King and
Captain? We are told that because the king spoke to the officers and
crew of the _Saint Fiorenzo_ in a kind manner, taking an interest in
their private histories, they were loyal to the backbone. Does not our
heavenly King and Father speak to us daily, through the Holy Scriptures,
words full of kindness, love, and mercy? Surely he does, if we will but
diligently read that Book of books. He allows us, too, as no earthly
king can do, to go to him daily--every hour--every moment of our lives.
His ear is ever open to our prayers--he who keeps Israel neither
slumbers nor sleeps--to tell him our private histories--our wants, our
wishes, our hopes; to confess to him all we have done amiss--all our
sins. And, moreover, he promises us that if we repent of them, and
trust to the cleansing blood of Jesus, he will forgive them freely and
fully, and give us what no earthly monarch can give, eternal life, and
raise us to dwell with him in happiness unspeakable, for ever and ever.