Either when the removed tubes are to be employed anew, or when they
are to be classed as old material, it is equally necessary to free
them from the incrustation that covers them. The methods employed vary
according to the shop.
The cleaning of tubes by beating or scraping the incrustation is
very difficult, and requires much time. In some shops the tubes are
dipped into an acid bath. In this way only the incrustation composed
of carbonate of lime is dissolved, that into the composition of which
sulphuric acid enters not being attacked.
In some large shops there are iron drums in which the tubes are placed.
When these drums are revolved the incrustation becomes partially
detached, but very rarely completely, and it is always necessary to
finish the work by hand. It also happens that the bits of scale that
become detached and that remain between the tubes produce grooves
therein; besides, the cost of installing these drums is quite high.
Per contra, the writer has seen a, as yet, little known method employed
in the shops of the Berlin-Hamburg Railway, one that he has used
himself, that he has introduced into several shops, and that he can
recommend as the best. The tube to be cleaned is submitted to a rotary
motion around its longitudinal axis. The workman grasps it with a sort
of wooden pincers whose jaws are provided with coarsely toothed steel
plates, and, pressing the legs of this more or less tightly, slides it
slowly along the tube. The incrustation is thus reduced to dust, and
the tube, after the operation, is absolutely clean.
The apparatus used for revolving the tubes is shown in Figs. 1 to 3. It
consists of quite a short shaft, which revolves in two pillow-blocks
and receives its motion through pulleys. Outside of the bearing to the
right, this shaft terminates in a cone provided with channels whose
diameter is proportioned to that of the tubes.
The tube to be cleaned is firmly fixed upon the cone, and provided
at its other extremity with a plug that serves to center it. As the
cleaning is accompanied with much dust, it must be done in open air or
in a special shop.
At the same time, a classification is made of the damaged tubes
that can no longer be employed, except as ends of the tubes that
may be employed in shorter boilers, and of those that are entirely
unserviceable.
Every time a tube is removed it loses 70 to 80 mm. of its length in
the two cuttings. When we have locomotives that are provided with
shorter boilers, we have a direct use for the removed tubes, but if the
contrary is the case the tubes must be lengthened. Such elongation is
effected in three ways, viz., by drawing them out, by soldering copper
ends to them, and by uniting iron ends to them with a hammer.--_F. W.
Eichholz, in Organ fur die Fortschritte des Eisenbahnwesens._