Phthal"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phthalic acid.
Phthal"e*in (?), n. [See Phthalic.] (Chem.) One of a series of
artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the phenols
with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthaleÔn. Their
alkaline solutions are fluorescent.
Phenol phthalein, a white or yellowish white crystalline substance made
from phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant
red, but is decolorized by acids, and as this reaction is exceedingly
delicate it is used as an indicator.
Phthal"ic (?), a. [Naphthalene + -ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene
and allied substances.
Phthalic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, C6H4.(CO2H)2,
analogous to benzoic acid, and employed in the brilliant dyestuffs
called the phthaleins.
Phthal"ide (?), n. [Phthalyl + anhydride.] (Chem.) A lactone obtained
by reduction of phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance;
hence, by extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper is
the type. [Written also phthalid.]
Phthal"i*mide (?), n. [Phthalic + imide.] (Chem.) An imido derivative
of phthalic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance,
C6H4.(CO)2NH, which has itself (like succinimide) acid properties, and
forms a series of salts. Cf. Imido acid, under Imido.
Phthal"in (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance obtained by
reduction from phthaleÔn, into which it is easily converted by
oxidation; hence, any one of the series of which phthalin proper is the
type.
Phthal"yl (?), n. [Phthalic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of
phthalic acid.
||Phthi*ri"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; louse.] (Med.) A
||disease (morbus pediculous) consisting in the excessive
||multiplication of lice on the human body.
Phthis"ic (?), n. Same as Phthisis.
Phthis"ic*al (?), a. [L. phthisicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. phthisique. See
Phthisis.] Of or pertaining to phthisis; affected with phthisis;
wasting; consumptive.
Phthis"ick*y (?), a. Having phthisis, or some symptom of it, as
difficulty in breathing.
Phthis`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Phthisis + -logy.] (Med.) A treatise on
phthisis. Dunglison.
{ ||Phthis`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?), Phthis`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), } n. [NL. See
Phthisis, Pneumonia.] (Med.) Pulmonary consumption.
Phthi"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pass or waste away: cf.
F. phthisie.] (Med.) A wasting or consumption of the tissues. The term
was formerly applied to many wasting diseases, but is now usually
restricted to pulmonary phthisis, or consumption. See Consumption.
Fibroid phthisis. See under Fibroid.
Phthon"gal (?), a. [Gr. &?; voice.] Formed into, or characterized by,
voice; vocalized; -- said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of
the vocal or sonant consonants g, d, b, l, r, v, z, etc.
Phthon"gal, n. A vocalized element or letter.
Phthon*gom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; voice + -meter.] An instrument for
measuring vocal sounds. Whewell.
Phthor (?), n. [F. phthore, Gr. &?; to destroy.] (Old Chem.) Fluorine.
[Written also phthor.]
Phy"cite (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed.] (Chem.) See Erythrite, 1.
Phy"co*chrome (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + &?; color.] (Bot.) A bluish
green coloring matter of certain algÊ.
{ Phy`co*cy"a*nin (?), Phy`co*cy"a*nine (?), } n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + E.
cyanin.] A blue coloring matter found in certain algÊ.
{ Phy`co*e*ryth"rin (?), Phy`co*e*ryth"rine (?), } n. [Gr. &?; seaweed
+ E. erythrin, - ine.] A red coloring matter found in algÊ of the
subclass FlorideÊ.
Phy*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + -graphy.] A description of
seaweeds.
Phy*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + -logy.] The science of algÊ, or
seaweeds; algology.
||Phy`co*ma"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; seaweed + L. mater mother.]
||(Bot.) A gelatin in which the algÊ spores have been supposed to
||vegetate.
Phy`co*phÊ"ine (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + (&?;) dusky.] A brown
coloring matter found in certain algÊ.
{ Phy`co*xan"thin (?), Phy`co*xan"thine (?), } n. [Gr. &?; seaweed +
&?; yellow.] A yellowish coloring matter found in certain algÊ.
Phy*lac"ter (?), n. A phylactery. Sandys.
Phy*lac"tered (?), a. Wearing a phylactery.
{ Phyl`ac*ter"ic (?), Phyl`ac*ter"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
phylacteries.
Phy*lac"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Phylacteries (#). [OE. filateri, OF.
filatire, filatiere, F. phylactËre, L. phylacterium, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a
watcher, guard, &?; to watch, guard. Cf. Philatory.] 1. Any charm or
amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.
2. A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin,
containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the
scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9, 13-22.
They are worn by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day mornings,
during the time of prayer. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
3. Among the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the
dead were inclosed.
Phy*lac"to*carp (?), n. [Gr. &?; to guard + &?; fruit.] (Zoˆl.) A
branch of a plumularian hydroid specially modified in structure for the
protection of the gonothecÊ.
{ ||Phy*lac`to*lÊ"ma (?), ||Phy*lac`to*lÊ"ma*ta (?), } n. pl. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; to guard + &?; the gullet.] (Zoˆl.) An order of fresh-water
Bryozoa in which the tentacles are arranged on a horseshoe-shaped
lophophore, and the mouth is covered by an epistome. Called also
Lophopoda, and hippocrepians.
Phy*lac`to*lÊ"ma*tous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the
PhylactolÊma.
{ ||Phy*lac`to*le"ma (?), ||Phy*lac`to*le"ma*ta (?), } n. pl. [NL.]
(Zoˆl.) Same as PhylactolÊma.
Phy"larch (?), n. [L. phylarchus, Gr. &?;. See Phyle, and -arch.] (Gr.
Antiq.) The chief of a phyle, or tribe.
Phy"larch*y (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] The office of a phylarch; government of
a class or tribe.
||Phy"le (?), n.; pl. PhylÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a body of men united
||by ties of blood or habitation.] A local division of the people in
||ancient Athens; a clan; a tribe.
Phyl"lite (?), n. [See Phylo-.] (Min.) (a) A mineral related to
ottrelite. (b) Clay slate; argillaceous schist.
Phyl"lo- (?). A combining form from Gr. &?; a leaf; as, phyllopod,
phyllotaxy.
||Phyl`lo*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. PhyllobranciÊ (#). [NL. See Phyllo-,
||and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) A crustacean gill composed of lamellÊ.
||Phyl`lo*cla"di*um (?), n.; pl. Phyllocladia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a
||leaf + &?; a sprout.] (Bot.) A flattened stem or branch which more or
||less resembles a leaf, and performs the function of a leaf as regards
||respiration and assimilation.
Phyl`lo*cy"a*nin (?), n. [Phyllo- + cyanin.] (Chem.) A blue coloring
matter extracted from chlorophyll. [Written also phyllocyanine.]
Phyl"lo*cyst (?), n. [Phyllo- + cyst.] (Zoˆl.) The cavity of a
hydrophyllium.
Phyl"lode (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Phyllodium.
Phyl`lo*din"eous (?), a. (Bot.) Having phyllodia; relating to
phyllodia.
||Phyl*lo"di*um (?), n.; pl. Phyllodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; leaflike;
||&?; leaf + &?; form.] (Bot.) A petiole dilated into the form of a
||blade, and usually with vertical edges, as in the Australian acacias.
Phyl"lo*dy (?), n. [See Phyllodium.] (Bot.) A retrograde metamorphosis
of the floral organs to the condition of leaves.
Phyl"loid (?), a. [Phyllo- + - oid.] Resembling a leaf.
Phyl`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Phyllo- + mania.] (Bot.) An abnormal or
excessive production of leaves.
Phyl"lome (?), n. [Gr. &?; foliage, fr. &?; a leaf.] (Bot.) A foliar
part of a plant; any organ homologous with a leaf, or produced by
metamorphosis of a leaf.
||Phyl`lo*mor*pho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Phyllo-, Morphosis.] (Bot.) The
||succession and variation of leaves during different seasons. R.
||Brown.
Phyl*loph"a*gan (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. &?; to eat.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of
a group of marsupials including the phalangists. (b) One of a tribe of
beetles which feed upon the leaves of plants, as the chafers.
Phyl*loph"a*gous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Substituting on leaves; leaf- eating.
Phyl*loph"o*rous (?), a. [Phyllo- + Gr. &?; to bear.] (Bot.)
Leaf-bearing; producing leaves.
Phyl"lo*pod (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Phyllopoda. [Also used
adjectively.]
||Phyl*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a leaf + -poda.] (Zoˆl.)
||An order of Entomostraca including a large number of species, most of
||which live in fresh water. They have flattened or leaflike legs,
||often very numerous, which they use in swimming. Called also
||Branchiopoda.
In some, the body is covered with a bivalve shell (Holostraca); in
others, as Apus, by a shield-shaped carapace (Monostraca); in others,
like Artemia, there is no carapace, and the body is regularly
segmented. Sometimes the group is made to include also the Cladocera.
Phyl*lop"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Phyllopoda.
Phyl"lo*rhine (?), a. [Phyllo- + Gr. &?;, &?;, the nose.] (Zoˆl.) Of or
pertaining to Phyllorhina and other related genera of bats that have a
leaflike membrane around the nostrils.
||Phyl`lo*so"ma (?), n. [NL. See Phyllo-, and -some body.] (Zoˆl.) The
||larva of the spiny lobsters (Palinurus and allied genera). Its body
||is remarkably thin, flat, and transparent; the legs are very long.
||Called also glass-crab, and glass- shrimp.
<! p. 1081 !>
Phyl"lo*stome (fl"l*stm), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. sto`ma mouth.] (Zoˆl.) Any
bat of the genus Phyllostoma, or allied genera, having large membranes
around the mouth and nose; a nose-leaf bat.
Phyl*los"to*mid (?), n. A phyllostome.
Phyl`lo*tac"tic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to phyllotaxy.
{ Phyl"lo*tax`y (?), Phyl"lo*tax`is (?), } n. [Phyllo- + Gr. ta`xis
order.] (Bot.) The order or arrangement of leaves on the stem; the
science of the relative position of leaves.
Phyl"lous (?), a. (Bot.) Homologous with a leaf; as, the sepals,
petals, stamens, and pistils are phyllous organs.
Phyl`lo*xan"thin (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. &?; yellow.] (Bot.) A yellow
coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll.
Phyl`lox*e"ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; leaf + &?; dry.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A
small hemipterous insect (Phylloxera vastatrix) allied to the aphids.
It attacks the roots and leaves of the grapevine, doing great damage,
especially in Europe.
It exists in several forms, some of which are winged, other wingless.
One form produces galls on the leaves and twigs, another affects the
roots, causing galls or swellings, and often killing the vine.
2. The diseased condition of a vine caused by the insect just
described.
{ Phy`lo*gen"e*sis (?), Phy*log"e*ny (?), } n. [Gr. &?; tribe + E.
genesis, or root of Gr. &?; to be born.] The history of genealogical
development; the race history of an animal or vegetable type; the
historic exolution of the phylon or tribe, in distinction from
ontogeny, or the development of the individual organism, and from
biogenesis, or life development generally.
Phy*lo*ge*net"ic (?), a. Relating to phylogenesis, or the race history
of a type of organism. -- Phy*lo*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
||Phy"lon (?), n.; pl. Phyla (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; race, tribe.]
||(Biol.) A tribe.
||Phy"lum (?), n.; pl. Phyla (#). [NL. See Phylon.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
||larger divisions of the animal kingdom; a branch; a grand division.
||Phy"ma (?), n.; pl. Phymata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to
||produce.] (Med.) A tubercle on any external part of the body.
||Phy"sa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of
||fresh-water Pulmonifera, having reversed spiral shells. See Pond
||snail, under Pond.
||Phy*sa"li*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bladder, fr. &?; a bellows.]
||(Zoˆl.) A genus of large oceanic Siphonophora which includes the
||Portuguese man-of- war.
It has a large air sac, or float, with a sail-like crest on its upper
side. Numerous zooids of different kinds are attached to the under side
of the float. Some of the zooids have very long tentacles; some have a
mouth and digest food; others produce gonophores. The American species
(Physalia arethusa) is brilliantly colored, the float being pink or
purple, and bright blue; the zooids blue. It is noted for its virulent
stinging powers, as well as for its beautiful colors, graceful motions,
and its ability to sail to windward.
||Phy*sa"li*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Siphonophora which
||includes Physalia.
||Phys`e*ma"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a blowing.] (Zoˆl.) A
||group of simple marine organisms, usually classed as the lowest of
||the sponges. They have inflated hollow bodies.
Phy*se"ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to blow: cf. F.
physÈtËre.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The genus that includes the sperm whale.