||Pen*tam"e*rus (?), n. [NL. See Pentamerous.] (Paleon.) A genus of
||extinct Paleozoic brachiopods, often very abundant in the Upper
||Silurian.
Pentamerus limestone (Geol.), a Silurian limestone composed largely of
the shells of Pentamerus.
Pen*tam"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; (see Penta-) + &?;
measure.] (Gr. & L.Pros.) A verse of five feet.
The dactylic pentameter consists of two parts separated by a diÊresis.
Each part consists of two dactyls and a long syllable. The spondee may
take the place of the dactyl in the first part, but not in the second.
The elegiac distich consists of the hexameter followed by the
pentameter. Harkness.
Pen*tam"e*ter, a. Having five metrical feet.
Pen`ta*meth"yl*ene (?), n. [Penta- + methylene.] (Chem.) A
hypothetical hydrocarbon, C5H10, metameric with the amylenes, and the
nucleus of a large number of derivatives; -- so named because regarded
as composed of five methylene residues. Cf. Trimethylene, and
Tetramethylene.
||Pen*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (see Penta-) + &?;, &?;,
||man, male.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan class of plants having five separate
||stamens.
{ Pen*tan"dri*an (?), Pen*tan"drous (?), } a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining
to the class Pentadria; having five stamens.
Pen"tane (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Any one of the three metameric
hydrocarbons, C5H12, of the methane or paraffin series. They are
colorless, volatile liquids, two of which occur in petroleum. So called
because of the five carbon atoms in the molecule.
Pen"tan`gle (?), n. [Penta- + angle.] A pentagon. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Pen*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [Penta- + angular.] Having five corners or
angles. [R.]
Pen`ta*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Penta- + petal.] (Bot.) Having five petals,
or flower leaves.
Pen*taph"yl*lous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Having five
leaves or leaflets.
Pen*tap"o*dy (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] (Pros.) A measure
or series consisting of five feet.
Pen"tap*tote (?), n. [L. (pl.) pentaptota. Gr. &?; with five cases; &?;
(see Penta-) + &?; falling.] (Gram.) A noun having five cases.
Pen"tap*tych (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a fold.] (Fine Arts) A
picture, or combination of pictures, consisting of a centerpiece and
double folding doors or wings, as for an altarpiece.
Pen"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. pentarchie. See Penta-, and
-archy.] A government in the hands of five persons; five joint rulers.
P. Fletcher. "The pentarchy of the senses." A. Brewer.
Pen"ta*spast (?), n. [L. pentaspaston, Gr. &?; (see Penta-) + &?; to
pull: cf. F. pentaspaste.] A purchase with five pulleys. [R.]
Pen`ta*sper"mous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; seed.] (Bot.) Containing
five seeds.
Pen"ta*stich (?), n. [Gr. &?; of five verses; &?; (see Penta-) + &?;
line, verse.] A composition consisting of five verses.
Pen*tas"ti*chous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; a row.] (Bot.) Having, or
arranged in, five vertical ranks, as the leaves of an apple tree or a
cherry tree.
||Pen`ta*stom"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. &?; (see Penta-) + &?; a
||mouth.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Linguatulina.
Pen"ta*style (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; a pillar.] (Arch.) Having five
columns in front; - - said of a temple or portico in classical
architecture. -- n. A portico having five columns.
Pen"ta*teuch (?), n. [L. pentateuchus, Gr. &?;; &?; (see Penta-) + &?;
a tool, implement, a book, akin to &?; to prepare, make ready, and
perh. to E. text. See Five, and Text.] The first five books of the Old
Testament, collectively; -- called also the Law of Moses, Book of the
Law of Moses, etc.
Pen`ta*teu"chal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Pentateuch.
Pen`ta*thi*on"ic (?), a. [Penta- + thionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid of sulphur obtained by leading hydrogen sulphide
into a solution of sulphur dioxide; -- so called because it contains
five atoms of sulphur.
||Pen*tath"lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; five + &?; a contest.]
||(Gr. Antiq.) A fivefold athletic performance peculiar to the great
||national games of the Greeks, including leaping, foot racing,
||wrestling, throwing the discus, and throwing the spear.
Pen`ta*tom"ic (?), a. [Penta- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having five atoms
in the molecule. (b) Having five hydrogen atoms capable of
substitution.
Pen*tav"a*lent (?), a. [Penta- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.]
(Chem.) Having a valence of five; -- said of certain atoms and
radicals.
Pen"te*con`ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?; fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.)
A Grecian vessel with fifty oars. [Written also pentaconter.]
Pen"te*cost (?), n. [L. pentecoste, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) the fiftieth day,
Pentecost, fr. &?; fiftieth, fr. &?; fifty, fr. &?; five. See Five, and
cf. Pingster.] 1. A solemn festival of the Jews; -- so called because
celebrated on the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day of
the Passover (which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month Nisan);
-- hence called, also, the Feast of Weeks. At this festival an offering
of the first fruits of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was
generally regarded as commemorative of the gift of the law on the
fiftieth day after the departure from Egypt.
2. A festival of the Roman Catholic and other churches in commemoration
of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles; which occurred on
the day of Pentecost; -- called also Whitsunday. Shak.
Pen`te*cos"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pentecost or to Whitsuntide.
Pen`te*cos"tals (?), n. pl. Offerings formerly made to the parish
priest, or to the mother church, at Pentecost. Shipley.
Pen`te*cos"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.)
An officer in the Spartan army commanding fifty men. Mitford.
Pen`te*cos"ty (?), n.; pl. Pentecosties (#). [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the
fiftieth, &?; fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.) A troop of fifty soldiers in the
Spartan army; -- called also pentecostys. Jowett (Thucyd. ).
{ Pen*tel"ic (?), Pen*tel"i*can (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Mount
Pentelicus, near Athens, famous for its fine white marble quarries;
obtained from Mount Pentelicus; as, the Pentelic marble of which the
Parthenon is built.
Pen"tene (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as Amylene.
Pent"house` (?), n. [A corruption of pentice.] A shed or roof sloping
from the main wall or building, as over a door or window; a lean-to.
Also figuratively. "The penthouse of his eyes." Sir W. Scott.
Pent"house`, a. Leaning; overhanging. "Penthouse lid." Shak. "My
penthouse eyebrows." Dryden.
Pen"tice (?), n. [F. appentis a penthouse. See Append.] A penthouse.
[Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
Pen"tile` (?), n. See Pantile.
Pen"tine (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon,
C5H8, of the acetylene series. Same as Valerylene.
Pen*to"ic (?), a. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or desingating,
an acid (called also valeric acid) derived from pentane.
Pen"tone (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as Valylene.
Pen*tox"ide (?), n. [Penta- + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide containing five
atoms of oxygen in each molecule; as, phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5.
Pen"tre*mite (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Pentremites.
||Pen`tre*mi"tes (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; five + L. remus an oar.]
||(Zoˆl.) A genus of crinoids belonging to the Blastoidea. They have
||five petal-like ambulacra.
Pent"roof` (?), n. [F. pente slope + E. roof, or from penthouse roof.]
See Lean-to.
Pen"trough` (?), n. A penstock.
Pen"tyl (?), n. [Penta + - yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical,
C5H11, of pentane and certain of its derivatives. Same as Amyl.
Pen*tyl"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, pentyl;
as, pentylic alcohol
{ Pe"nu*chle (?), Pin"o*cle (?) }, n. A game at cards, played with
forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots in two
packs.
Pe"nult (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. penultima.] (Gram. & Pros.) The last
syllable but one of a word; the syllable preceding the final one.
Pe*nul"ti*ma (?), n. [L. (sc. syllaba), fr. penultimus, paenultimus,
the last but one; paene almost + ultimus the last.] Same as Penult.
Pe*nul"ti*mate (?), a. Last but one; as, the penultimate syllable, the
last syllable but one of a word.
Pe*nul"ti*mate, n. The penult.
Pe*num"bra (?), n. [NL., fr. L. paene almost + umbra shade.] 1. An
incomplete or partial shadow.
2. (Astron.) The shadow cast, in an eclipse, where the light is partly,
but not wholly, cut off by the intervening body; the space of partial
illumination between the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all sides, and
the full light. Sir I. Newton.
The faint shade surrounding the dark central portion of a solar spot is
also called the penumbra, and sometimes umbra.
3. (Paint.) The part of a picture where the shade imperceptibly blends
with the light.
Pe*num"brala. Of or pertaining to a penumbra; resembling a penumbra;
partially illuminated.
Pe*nu"ri*ous (?), a. [From Penury.] 1. Excessively sparing in the use
of money; sordid; stingy; miserly. "A penurious niggard of his wealth."
Milton.