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@2118 Political parties and leaders
Afghanistan
NA; note - political parties in Afghanistan are in flux
and many prominent players have plans to create new parties; the
Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (TISA) is headed by
President Hamid KARZAI; the TISA is a coalition government formed of
leaders from across the Afghan political spectrum; there are also
several political factions not holding positions in the Transitional
government that are forming new groups and parties in the hopes of
participating in 2004 elections
Albania
Agrarian Party of Albania or PASH [Lufter XHUVELI];
Christian Democratic Party or PDK [Zef BUSHATI]; Communist Party of
Albania or PKSH [Hysni MILLOSHI]; Democratic Alliance or PAD
[Nerltan CEKA]; Democratic Party or PD [Sali BERISHA]; Legality
Movement Party or PLL [Guri DUROLLARI]; National Front Party (Balli
Kombetar) or PBK [Abaz ERMENJI]; Party of National Unity or PUK
[Idajet BEQUIRI]; Republican Party or PR [Fatmir MEDIU]; Social
Democracy or DS [Paskal MILO]; Social Democratic Party or PSD
[Skender GJINUSHI]; Socialist Party or PS (formerly the Albanian
Party of Labor) [Fatos NANO]; Union for Human Rights Party or PBDNJ
[Vasil MELO]
Algeria
Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]; Democratic
National Rally or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA, chairman]; Islamic Salvation
Front or FIS (outlawed April 1992) [Ali BELHADJ and Dr. Abassi
MADANI, Rabeh KEBIR (self-exile in Germany)]; Society of Peace
Movement or MSP [Boujerra SOLTANI]; National Entente Movement or MEN
[Ali BOUKHAZNA]; National Liberation Front or FLN [Ali BENFLIS,
secretary general]; National Reform Movement or MRN [Abdellah
DJABALLAH]; National Renewal Party or PRA [leader NA]; Progressive
Republican Party [Khadir DRISS]; Rally for Culture and Democracy or
RCD [Said SAADI, secretary general]; Renaissance Movement or EnNahda
Movement [Lahbib ADAMI]; Social Liberal Party or PSL [Ahmed KHELIL];
Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Hocine Ait AHMED, secretary general
(self-exile in Switzerland)]; Union for Democracy and Liberty
[Mouley BOUKHALAFA]; Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUN]
note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted
in March 1997
American Samoa
Democratic Party [leader NA]; Republican Party
[leader NA]
Andorra
Democratic Party or PD (formerly part of National Democratic
Group or AND) [Ladislau BARO SOLO]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA
[Marc FORNE MOLNE] (used to be Liberal Union or UL); Liberal Union
or UL [Francesc CERQUEDA]; National Democratic Group or AND
[Ladislau BARO SOLO]; National Democratic Initiative or IDN [Vicenc
MATEU ZAMORA]; New Democracy or ND [Jaume BARTOMEU CASSANY]; Social
Democratic Party or PSD (formerly part of National Democratic Group
of AND) [leader NA]; Union of the People of Ordino (Unio Parroquial
d'Ordino) or UPO [Simo DURO COMA]
note: there are two other small parties
Angola
Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA];
National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputed
leadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for the
Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [interim leader: PAULO Lukamba
"Gato"], largest opposition party has engaged in years of armed
resistance; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA
[Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS], ruling party in power since 1975; Social
Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio
MUACHICUNGO]
note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 elections
but only won a few seats and have little influence in the National
Assembly
Anguilla
Anguilla United Party or AUP [Hubert HUGHES]; The United
Front or UF [Osbourne FLEMING, Victor BANKS], a coalition of the
Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the Anguilla National Alliance
or ANA
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD];
Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; United
Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three
opposition parties - United National Democratic Party or UNDP,
Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, and Progressive Labor
Movement or PLM)
Argentina
Action for the Republic or AR [Domingo CAVALLO];
Alternative for a Republic of Equals or ARI [Elisa CARRIO]; Front
for a Country in Solidarity or Frepaso (a four-party coalition)
[Dario Pedro ALESSANDRO]; Justicialist Party or PJ [Carlos Saul
MENEM] (Peronist umbrella political organization); Radical Civic
Union or UCR [Angel ROZAS]; Federal Recreate Movement [Ricardo LOPEZ
MURPHY]; several provincial parties
Armenia
Agro-Industrial Party [Vladimir BADALIAN]; Armenia Party
[Myasnik MALKHASYAN]; Armenian National Movement or ANM [Alex
ARZUMANYAN, chairman]; Armenian Ramkavar Liberal Party or HRAK
[Ruben MIRZAKHANYAN, chairman]; Armenian Revolutionary Federation
("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Vahan HOVHANISSIAN]; Democratic Party
[Aram SARKISYAN]; Justice Bloc (comprised of the Democratic Party,
National Democratic Party, National Democratic Union, and the
People's Party); National Democratic Party [Shavarsh KOCHARIAN];
National Democratic Union or NDU [Vazgen MANUKIAN]; National Unity
Party [Artashes GEGAMIAN, chairman]; People's Party of Armenia
[Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; Republic Party [Albert BAZEYAN and Aram
SARKISYAN, chairmen]; Republican Party or RPA [Andranik MARKARYAN];
Rule of Law Party [Artur BAGDASARIAN, chairman]; Union of
Constitutional Rights [Hrant KHACHATURYAN]; United Labor Party
[Gurgen ARSENIAN]
Aruba
Aruba Solidarity Movement or MAS [leader NA]; Aruban
Democratic Alliance or Aliansa [leader NA]; Aruban Democratic Party
or PDA [Leo BERLINSKI]; Aruban Liberal Party or OLA [Glenbert
CROES]; Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA [Benny NISBET]; Aruban
People's Party or AVP [Jan (Henny) H. EMAN]; Concentration for the
Liberation of Aruba or CLA [leader NA]; People's Electoral Movement
Party or MEP [Nelson O. ODUBER]; For a Restructured Aruba Now or
PARA [Urbana LOPEZ]; National Democratic Action or ADN [Pedro Charro
KELLY]
Australia
Australian Democrats [Andrew BARTLETT]; Australian Labor
Party [Mark LATHAM]; Australian Progressive Alliance [Meg LEES];
Country Labor Party [leader NA]; Australian Greens [Bob BROWN];
Liberal Party [John Winston HOWARD]; The Nationals [John ANDERSON];
One Nation Party [Len HARRIS]
Austria
Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Wolfgang SCHUESSEL];
Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Herbert HAUPT]; Social Democratic
Party of Austria or SPOe [Alfred GUSENBAUER]; The Greens Alternative
or GA [Alexander VAN DER BELLEN]
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Popular Front or APF [Ali KARIMLI, leader of
"Reform" faction; Mirmahmud MIRALI-OGLU, leader of "Classic"
faction]; Civic Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLY]; Civic
Union Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA
[Ramiz AHMADOV]; Compatriot Party [Mais SAFARLI]; Democratic Party
for Azerbaijan or DPA [Rasul QULIYEV, chairman]; Justice Party
[Ilyas ISMAILOV]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan [Lala Shvkat
HACIYEVA]; Musavat [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; New Azerbaijan Party or
NAP [Heydar ALIYEV, chairman]; Party for National Independence of
Azerbaijan or PNIA [Etibar MAMMADLI, chairman]; Social Democratic
Party of Azerbaijan or SDP [Zardust ALIZADE]
note: opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties
Bahamas, The
Free National Movement or FNM [Tommy TURNQUEST];
Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]
Bahrain
political parties prohibited but politically oriented
societies are allowed
Bangladesh
Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]; Bangladesh Communist
Party or BCP [Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK]; Bangladesh Nationalist Party
or BNP [Khaleda ZIA, chairperson]; Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [Mufti
Fazlul Haq AMINI]; Jamaat-E-Islami or JI [Motiur Rahman NIZAMI];
Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD];
Jatiya Party (Manzur faction) [Naziur Rahman MANZUR]
Barbados
Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic Labor
Party or DLP [Clyde Mascoll]
Belarus
Agrarian Party or AP [Mikhail SHIMANSKY]; Belarusian
Communist Party or KPB [Viktor CHIKIN, chairman]; Belarusian
Ecological Green Party (merger of Belarusian Ecological Party and
Green Party of Belarus) [leader NA]; Belarusian Patriotic Movement
(Belarusian Patriotic Party) or BPR [Anatoliy BARANKEVICH,
chairman]; Belarusian Popular Front or BNF [Vintsuk VYACHORKA];
Belarusian Social-Democrat Party or SDBP [Nikolay STATKEVICH,
chairman]; Belarusian Social-Democratic Party or Hromada [Stanislav
SHUSHKEVICH, chairman]; Belarusian Socialist Party [Vyacheslav
KUZNETSOV]; Civic Accord Bloc (United Civic Party) or CAB [Anatol
LIABEDZKA]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDPB [Sergei GAYDUKEVICH,
chairman]; Party of Communists Belarusian or PKB [Sergei KALYAKIN,
chairman]; Republican Party of Labor and Justice or RPPS [Anatoliy
NETYLKIN, chairman]; Social-Democrat Party of Popular Accord or PPA
[Leanid SECHKA]; Women's Party or "Nadezhda" [Valentina POLEVIKOVA,
chairperson]
Belgium
AGALEV (Flemish Greens) [Dirk HOLEMANS]; Christian Democrats
and Flemish or CD & V [Yves LETERME]; note - used to be the Flemish
Christian Democrats or CVP; Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Michel
JAVAUK, Evelyne HUYTEBROECK, Claude BROUIR]; Flemish Liberal
Democrats or VLD [Karel DE GUCHT]; Francophone Humanist and
Democratic Center of CDH (used to be Social Christian Party or PSC)
[Joelle MILQUET]; Francophone Reformist Movement or MR (used to be
Liberal Reformation Party or PRL) [Antoine DUQUESNE]; Francophone
Socialist Party or PS [Elio DI RUPO]; National Front or FN [Daniel
FERET]; New Flemish Alliance or NVA [Geert BOURGEOIS]; note - new
party that emerged after the demise of the People's Union or VU;
Social Progressive Alternative Party or SP.A [Steve STEVAERT]; note
- was Flemish Socialist Party or SP; Spirit [Els VAN WEERT]; note -
new party that emerged after the demise of the People's Union or VU;
Vlaams Blok or VB [Frank VANHECKE]; other minor parties
Belize
People's United Party or PUP [Said MUSA]; United Democratic
Party or UDP [Dean BARROW, party leader; Douglas SINGH, party
chairman]
Benin
African Congress for Renewal or DUNYA [Saka SALEY]; African
Movement for Democracy and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN];
Alliance of the Social Democratic Party or PSD [Bruno AMOUSSOU];
Coalition of Democratic Forces [Gatien HOUNGBEDJI]; Democratic
Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]; Front for Renewal and
Development or FARD-ALAFIA [Jerome Sakia KINA]; Impulse for Progress
and Democracy or IPD [Bertin BORNA]; Key Force or FC [leader NA];
Presidential Movement (UBF, MADEP, FC, IDP, and 4 other small
parties); Renaissance Party du Benin or PRB [Nicephore SOGLO]; The
Star Alliance (Alliance E'toile) [Sacca LAFIA]; Union of Tomorrow's
Benin or UBF [Bruno AMOUSSOU]
note: approximately 20 additional minor parties
Bermuda
National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON];
Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda
Party or UBP [Chairman Wayne FURBERT]
Bhutan
no legal parties
Bolivia
Bolivian Socialist Falange or FSB [Romel PANTOJA]; Civic
Solidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Free Bolivia Movement or
MBL [Franz BARRIOS]; Marshal of Ayacucho Institutional Vanguard or
VIMA [Freddy ZABALA]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR
[Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Evo MORALES];
Movement Without Fear or MSM [Juan DEL GRANADO]; Nationalist
Democratic Action or ADN [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez];
Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR [Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE
LOZADA]; New Republican Force or NFR [Manfred REYES-VILLA];
Pachakuti Indigenous Movement or MIP [Felipe QUISPE]; Socialist
Party or PS [Jeres JUSTINIANO]
note: the MNR, MIR, and UCS comprise the ruling coalition
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Alliance of Independent Social Democrats or
SNSD [Milorad DODIK]; Bosnian Party or BOSS [Mirnes AJANOVIC]; Civic
Democratic Party or GDS [Ilija SIMIC]; Croatian Democratic Union of
Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ [Barisa COLAK (acting)]; Croat
Christian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Mijo
IVANIC-LONIC]; Croat Party of Rights or HSP [Zdravko HRISTIC]; Croat
Peasants Party or HSS [Ilija SIMIC]; Democratic National Union or
DNZ [Fikret ABDIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Rasim KADIC];
New Croat Initiative or NHI [Kresimir ZUBAK]; Party for Bosnia and
Herzegovina or SBiH [Safet HALILOVIC]; Party of Democratic Action or
SDA [Sulejman TIHIC]; Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Mladen
IVANIC]; Pro-European People's Party or PROENS [Jadranko PRLIC];
Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Dragan KALINIC]; Serb Radical Party of
the Republika Srpska or SRS-RS [Radislav KANJERIC]; Social
Democratic Party of BIH or SDP [Zlatko LAGUMDZIJA]; Socialist Party
of Republika Srpska or SPRS [Petar DJOKIC]
Botswana
Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana
National Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Congress Party or
BCP [Mokgweetsi KGOSIPULA]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM
[Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]
note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the
BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties
are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO], the
Independence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana
Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]
Brazil
Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Michel TEMER];
Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Jose Carlos MARTINEZ]; Brazilian
Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Senator Jose ANIBAL]; Brazilian
Socialist Party or PSB [Miguel ARRAES]; Brazilian Progressive Party
or PPB [Paulo Salim MALUF]; Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB
[Renato RABELLO]; Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Leonel BRIZOLA];
Green Party or PV [leader NA]; Liberal Front Party or PFL [Jorge
BORNHAUSEN]; Liberal Party or PL [Deputy Valdemar COSTA Neto];
National Order Reconstruction Party or PRONA [Dr. Eneas CARNEIRO];
Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Senator Roberto FREIRE]; Social
Democratic Party or PSD [leader NA]; Worker's Party or PT [Jose
GENOINO]
British Virgin Islands
Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Ethlyn
SMITH]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH]; United
Party or UP [Gregory MADURO]; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Ralph T.
O'NEAL]
Brunei
Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd
HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; note - the PPKB is the
only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985 but
became largely inactive after 1988; it was revived in 1995 and again
in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other
parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and
Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965,
deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)
Bulgaria
Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV];
Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB (coalition of parties dominated by
BSP) [Sergei STANISHEV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization or VMRO [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]; Movement for Rights
and Freedoms or MRF [Ahmed DOGAN]; National Movement for Simeon II
or NMS2 [Simeon SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA]; Union of Democratic Forces or
UDF [Nadezhda MIKHAYLOVA]; Union of Free Democrats or UFD [Stefan
SOFIYANSKI]; United Democratic Forces or UtdDF (a coalition between
the UDF and other center-right parties)
Burkina Faso
African Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy and
Federation or RDA-ADF [Herman YAMEOGO]; Confederation for Federation
and Democracy or CFD [Amadou Diemdioda DICKO]; Congress for
Democracy and Progress or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Movement
for Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE];
Party for African Independence or PAI [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]; Party
for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Joseph KI-ZERBO]; Union of Greens
for the Development of Burkina Faso or UVDB [Ram OVEDRAGO]
Burma
National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SHWE, chairman,
AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary]; National Unity Party or NUP
(proregime) [THA KYAW]; Shan Nationalities League for Democracy or
SNLD [KHUN TUN OO]; Union Solidarity and Development Association or
USDA (proregime, a social and political organization) [THAN AUNG,
general secretary]; and other smaller parties
Burundi
the two national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unity
for National Progress or UPRONA [Alphonse KADEGE, president];
Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president]
note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are:
Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation or ABASA [Terrence
NSANZE]; Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development or
RADDES [Joseph NZEYIMANA]; Party for National Redress or PARENA
[Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]; People's Reconciliation Party or PRP
[Mathias HITIMANA]
Cambodia
Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian
Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM];
Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for
an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or
FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP
(formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI]
Cameroon
Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA];
Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA];
Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA];
Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC
[leader Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC
[Dieudonne TINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP
[Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU
NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin Frederic
KODOCK]
Canada
Bloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Canadian Alliance [Stephen
HARPER]; Liberal Party [Paul MARTIN]; New Democratic Party [Jack
LAYTON]; Progressive Conservative Party [Peter MACKAY]
Cape Verde
African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV
[Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change
or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID);
Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES, chairman];
Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president];
Movement for Democracy or MPD [Agostinho LOPES, president]; Party
for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president];
Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA, president];
Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]
Cayman Islands
there are no formal political parties but the
following loose groupings act as political organizations; National
Team [leader NA]; Democratic Alliance [leader NA]; Team Cayman
[leader NA]; United Democratic Party [leader NA]
Central African Republic
Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP
[Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Assembly or RDC
[Andre KOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA];
Democratic Forum for Modernity or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; Liberal
Democratic Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Movement for
Democracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO]; Movement for the
Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [the party of
deposed president, Ange-Felix PATASSE]; Patriotic Front for Progress
or FPP [Abel GOUMBA]; People's Union for the Republic or UPR [Pierre
Sammy MAKFOY]; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE];
Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]
Chad
Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarlejy YORONGAR];
National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Mamadou BISSO];
National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO];
Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]
(originally in opposition but now the party in power and the party
of the president); Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen.
Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]; Viva Rally for Development and Progress
or Viva RNDP [Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]
Chile
Alliance for Chile ("Alianza") or APC - including RN and UDI;
Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Adolfo ZALDIVAR]; Coalition of
Parties for Democracy ("Concertacion") or CPD - including PDC, PS,
PPD, PRSD; Communist Party or PC [Gladys MARIN]; Independent
Democratic Union or UDI [Pablo LONGUEIRA]; National Renewal or RN
[Sebastian PINERA]; Party for Democracy or PPD [Guido GIRARDI];
Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Orlando CANTUARIAS];
Socialist Party or PS [Camilo ESCALONA]
China
Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao, General Secretary
of the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties controlled
by CCP
Christmas Island
none
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
none
Colombia
Conservative Party or PSC [Carlos HOLGUIN Sardi]; Liberal
Party or PL [Piedad CORDOBA and Juan Manuel LOPEZ Cabrales];
Colombian Communist Party or PCC [Jaime CAICEDO]; 19 of April
Movement or M-19 [Antonio NAVARRO Wolff]
note: Colombia has about 60 formally recognized political parties,
most of which do not have a presence in either house of Congress
Comoros
Forces pour l'Action Republicaine or FAR [Col. Abdourazak
ABDULHAMID]; Forum pour la Redressement National or FRN (alliance of
12 parties); Front Democratique or FD [Moustoifa Said CHEIKH]; Front
National pour la Justice or FNJ (Islamic party in opposition) [Ahmed
RACHID]; Movement des Citoyens pour la Republique or MCR [Mahamoud
MRADABI]; Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais or MPA (Anjouan separatist
movement) [leader NA]; Mouvement pour la Democratie et le Progress
or MDP-NGDC [Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Movement pour le Socialisme et la
Democratie or MSD (splinter group of FD) [Abdou SOEFOU]; Parti
Comorien pour la Democratie et le Progress or PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE];
Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND (party of the
government) [Omar TAMOU, Abdoulhamid AFFRAITANE]
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Democratic Social Christian Party
or PDSC [Andre BO-BOLIKO]; Forces for Renovation for Union and
Solidarity or FONUS [Joseph OLENGHANKOY]; National Congolese
Lumumbist Movement or MNC [Francois LUMUMBA]; Popular Movement of
the Revolution or MPR (three factions: MPR-Fait Prive [Catherine
NZUZI wa Mbombo]; MPR/Vunduawe [Felix VUNDUAWE]; MPR/Mananga
[MANANGA Dintoka Mpholo]); Unified Lumumbast Party or PALU [Antoine
GIZENGA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne
TSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba]; Union of Federalists and Independent
Republicans or UFERI (two factions: UFERI [Lokambo OMOKOKO];
UFERI/OR [Adolph Kishwe MAYA])
Congo, Republic of the
the most important of the many parties are
the Democratic and Patriotic Forces or FDP (an alliance of
Convention for Alternative Democracy, Congolese Labor Party or PCT,
Liberal Republican Party, National Union for Democracy and Progress,
Patriotic Union for the National Reconstruction, and Union for the
National Renewal) [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO, president]; Congolese
Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Michel
MAMPOUYA]; Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Martin
MBERI]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-Pierre
Thystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally for Democracy and the Republic
or RDR [Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Union for Democracy and Republic or
UDR [leader NA]; Union of Democratic Forces or UFD [Sebastian EBAO]
Cook Islands
Cook Islands People's Party or CIP [Geoffrey HENRY];
Democratic Alliance Party or DAP [Terepai MAOATE]; New Alliance
Party or NAP [Norman GEORGE]; Cook Islands National Party or CIN
[Teariki HEATHER]
Costa Rica
Agricultural Labor Action or PALA [Carlos Alberto SOLIS
Blanco]; Citizen Action Party or PAC [Otton SOLIS]; Costa Rican
Renovation Party or PRC [Justo OROZCO]; Democratic Force Party or
PFD [Jose M. NUNEZ]; Libertarian Movement Party or PML [Otto GUEVARA
Guth]; National Christian Alliance Party or ANC [Alejandro
MADRIGAL]; National Independent Party or PNI [Jorge GONZALEZ
Marten]; National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes];
National Liberation Party or PLN [Sonia PICADO]; Social Christian
Unity Party or PUSC [Luis Manuel CHACON]
note: mainly a two-party system - PUSC and PLN - until the 3
February 2002 election in which the PAC captured a significant
percentage, forcing a run-off in April 2002
Cote d'Ivoire
Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire-African Democratic
Rally or PDCI-RDA [Aime Henri Konan BEDIE]; Ivorian Popular Front or
FPI [Laurent GBAGBO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE];
Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for
Democracy and Peace or UDPCI [leader NA]; over 20 smaller parties
Croatia
Croatian Bloc or HB [Ivic PASALIC]; Croatian Christian
Democratic Union or HKDU [Anto KOVACEVIC]; Croatian Democratic Union
or HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Anto DJAPIC];
Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Zlatko TOMCIC]; Croatian People's
Party or HNS [Vesna PUSIC]; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS
[Drazen BUDISA]; Croatian True Revival Party or HIP [Miroslav
TUDJMAN]; Democratic Centre or DC [Mate GRANIC]; Istrian Democratic
Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Liberal Party or LS [Ivo BANAC];
Party of Liberal Democrats or LIBRA [Goran GRANIC]; Social
Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Ivica RACAN]
note: the Social Democratic Party or SDP and the Croatian Social
Liberal Party or HSLS formed a coalition as did the HSS, HNS, LP,
and IDS, which together defeated the Croatian Democratic Union or
HDZ in the 2000 lower house parliamentary election; the IDS
subsequently left the governing coalition in June 2001 over its
inability to win greater autonomy for Istria
Cuba
only party - Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz,
first secretary]
Cyprus
Greek Cypriot area: Democratic Party or DIKO [Tassos
PAPADOPOULOS]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS];
Fighting Democratic Movement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDIS]; Green
Party of Cyprus [George PERDIKIS]; New Horizons [Nikolaus KOUTSOU];
Restorative Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party)
[Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS]; Social Democrats Movement or KISOS
(formerly United Democratic Union of Cyprus or EDEK) [Yiannakis
OMIROU]; United Democrats Movement or EDE [George VASSILIOU];
Turkish Cypriot area: Communal Liberation Party or TKP [Mustafa
AKINCI]; Democratic Party or DP [Serder DENKTASH]; National Birth
Party or UDP [Enver EMIN]; National Unity Party or UBP [Dervis
EROGLU]; Our Party or BP [Okyay SADIKOGLU]; Patriotic Unity Movement
or YBH [Izzet IZCAN]; Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Mehmet ALI
TALAT]
Czech Republic
Christian and Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's
Party or KDU-CSL [Miroslav KALOUSEK, chairman]; Civic Democratic
Alliance or ODA [Michael ZANTOVSKY, chairman]; Civic Democratic
Party or ODS [Mirek TOPOLANEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Bohemia
and Moravia or KSCM [Miroslav GREBENICEK, chairman]; Communist Party
of Czechoslovakia or KSC [Miroslav STEPAN, chairman]; Czech National
Social Party of CSNS [Jan SULA, chairman]; Czech Social Democratic
Party or CSSD [Vladimir SPIDLA, chairman]; Freedom Union-Democratic
Union or US-DEU [Petr MARES, chairman]; Quad Coalition [Karel KUHNL,
chairman] (includes KDU-CSL, US, ODA, DEU)
Denmark
Center Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian People's
Party [Marianne KARLSMOSE]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as
Conservative People's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party
[Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Social
Democratic Party [Mogens LYKKETOFT]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes
called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Johannes LEBECH,
chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Holger K. NIELSEN]; Red-Green
Unity List (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of
Denmark, Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership]
Djibouti
Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh];
Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti
Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la
Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD];
People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar
GUELLEH]; Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon
FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed Dini AHMED];
Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [leader NA]
Dominica
Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; Dominica
Labor Party or DLP [Pierre CHARLES]; United Workers Party or UWP
[Edison JAMES]
Dominican Republic
Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel
FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Hatuey DE
CAMPS]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Eduardo ESTRELLA]
East Timor
Associacao Social-Democrata Timorense or ASDT [Francisco
Xavier do AMARAL]; Christian Democratic Party of Timor or PDC
[Antonio XIMENES]; Christian Democratic Union of Timor or UDC
[Vicente da Silva GUTERRES]; Democratic Party or PD [Fernando de
ARAUJO]; Liberal Party or PL [leader NA]; Maubere Democratic Party
or PDM [leader NA]; People's Party of Timor or PPT [Jacob XAVIER];
Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor or FRETILIN [Lu OLO];
Social Democrat Party of East Timor or PSD [Mario CARRASCALAO];
Socialist Party of Timor or PST [leader NA]; Sons of the Mountain
Warriors (also known as Association of Timorese Heroes) or KOTA
[Clementino dos Reis AMARAL]; Timor Democratic Union or UDT [Joao
CARRASCALAO]; Timor Labor Party or PTT [Paulo Freitas DA SILVA];
Timorese Nationalist Party or PNT [Abilio ARAUJO]; Timorese Popular
Democratic Association or APODETI [Frederico Almeida-Santos DA COSTA]
Ecuador
Concentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM];
Democratic Left or ID [Rodrigo BORJA Cevallos]; National Action
Institutional Renewal Party or PRIAN [leader NA]; Pachakutik
Movement [Miguel LLUCO]; Patriotic Society Party or PSP [leader NA];
Popular Democracy or DP [Dr. Juan Manuel FUERTES]; Popular
Democratic Movement or MPD [Gustavo TERAN Acosta]; Radical Alfarista
Front or FRA [Fabian ALARCON, director]; Roldosist Party or PRE
[Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social Christian Party or PSC
[Pascual DEL CIOPPO]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]
Egypt
Nasserist Arab Democratic Party or Nasserists [Dia' al-din
DAWUD]; National Democratic Party or NDP [President Mohammed Hosni
MUBARAK] - governing party; National Progressive Unionist Grouping
or Tagammu [Khalid MUHI AL-DIN]; New Wafd Party or NWP [No'man
GOMA]; Socialist Liberal Party or LSP [leader NA]
note: formation of political parties must be approved by the
government
El Salvador
Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER];
Democratic Convergence or CD [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]
(includes Social Democratic Party or PSD [Juan MEDRANO, leader);
Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National
Liberation Front or FMLN [Fabio CASTILLO]; Liberal Democratic Party
or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or
PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National
Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ Zepeda, president]; National
Republican Alliance or ARENA [Walter ARAUJO]; Social Christian Union
or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or
PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president]
Equatorial Guinea
Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS
[Placido MIKO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE
(ruling party) [Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO]; Party for Progress
of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action of
Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Miguel Esono EMAN]; Popular Union or UP
[Andres Moises Bda ADA]; Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP
[Victorino Bolekia BONAY]; Union of Independent Democrats of UDI
[Daniel OYONO]
Eritrea
People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, the only
party recognized by the government [ISAIAS Afworki]; note - a
National Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties in
January 2001, but the full National Assembly has not yet debated or
voted on it
Estonia
Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR,
chairman]; Estonian People's Union (Rahvaliit) [Villu REILJAN];
Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) [Siim KALLAS]; Estonian
United Russian People's Party or EUVRP [leader NA]; Moderates
(Moodukad) [Ivari PADAR]; Pro Patria Union (Isamaaliit) [Tunne
KELAM, chairman]; Res Publica [Juhan PARTS]; Russian Baltic Party
[Sergei IVANOV]
Ethiopia
Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [leader NA]; Amhara
National Democratic Movement or ANDM [ADDISU Legesse]; Bench Madji
People's Democratic Organization or BMPDO [leader NA]; Benishangul
Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [leader NA];
Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES
Zenawi] (an alliance of ANDM, OPDO, SEPDF, and TPLF); Gedeyo
People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or GPRDF [leader NA]; Gurage
Nationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM [leader NA]; Kafa Shaka
People's Democratic Organization or KSPDO [leader NA]; Kembata,
Alabaa and Tembaro or KAT [leader NA]; Oromo People's Democratic
Organization or OPDO [JUNEDI Sado]; Sidamo People's Democratic
Organization or SPDO [leader NA]; South Omo People's Democratic
Movement or SOPDM [leader NA]; Tigrayan People's Liberation Front or
TPLF [MELES Zenawi]; Walayta, Gamo, Gofa, Dawro, and Konta People's
Democratic Organization or WGGPDO [leader NA]; dozens of small
parties
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
none; all independents
Faroe Islands
Center Party [Tordur NICLASEN]; Home Rule Party
[Helena Dam a NEYSTABO]; People's Party [Oli BRECKMANN]; Republican
Party [Finnabogi ISAKSON]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes
EIDESGAARD]; Union Party [Edmund JOENSEN]
Fiji
Bai Kei Viti Party or BKV [Ratu Tevita MOMOEDONU]; Conservative
Alliance Party/Matanitu Vanua or MV [Ratu Rakuita VAKALALABURE];
Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji Democratic
Party or FDP [Felipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian Democrat
Alliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party or
FAP [Adi Kuini SPEED], Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily
Fijian) [Felipe BOLE], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Tupeni
BABA]); Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDRHRY]; General Voters
Party or GVP [leader NA] (became part of United General Party);
Girmit Heritage Party or GHP [leader NA]; Justice and Freedom Party
or AIM [leader NA]; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR [leader NA];
National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Pramond RAE];
Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party of
National Unity or PANU [Meli BOGILEKA]; Party of the Truth or POTT
[leader NA]; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or
SDL [Laisenia QARASE]; United General Party or UGP [Millis Mick
BEDDOES]
Finland
Center Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democrats
or KD [Bjarne KALLIS]; Green League or VIHR [Osmo SOININVAARA]; Left
Alliance or VAS (Communist) composed of People's Democratic League
and Democratic Alternative [Suvi-Anne SIIMES]; National Coalition
(conservative) Party or Kok [Ville ITALA]; Social Democratic Party
or SDP [Paavo LIPPONEN]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Jan-Erik
ENESTAM]
France
Citizen and Republican Movement or MCR [Jean Pierre
CHEVENEMENT]; Democratic and European Social Rally or RDSE (mainly
RAD and PRG) [leader NA]; French Communist Party or PCF
[Marie-George BUFFET]; Left Radical Party or PRG (previously Radical
Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG)
[Jean-Michel BAYLET]; Liberal Democracy or DL (originally Republican
Party or PR; now merged into the UMP) [Alain MADELIN]; Movement for
France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS]; Rally for France or RPF
[Charles PASQUA]; Rally for the Republic or RPR (merged into UMP)
[Serge LEPELTIER]; Socialist Party or PS [Francois HOLLANDE]; Greens
[Martine BILLARD, Denis BAUPIN, Stephane POCRAIN, Maryse ARDITI];
Union for French Democracy or UDF (coalition of DL, CDS, UDF, RP,
and other parties) [Francois BAYROU]; Union for a Popular Movement
or UMP (including RPR, DL, and a part of UDF) [Alain JUPPE]
French Guiana
Guyanese Democratic Action or ADG [Andre LECANTE];
Guyanese Socialist Party or PSG [Marie-Claude VERDAN]; Guyana
Democratic Forces or FDG [Georges OTHILY]; Popular National Guyanese
Party or PNPG [Jose DORCY]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Roland
HO-WEN-SZE]; Socialist Party or PS [Pierre RIBARDIERE]; Walwari
Committee [Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON]
French Polynesia
Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia
(Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api)
[Emile VERNAUDON]; People's Rally for the Republic of Polynesia or
RPR (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]; The New Star (Te Fetia
Api) [leader NA]
Gabon
Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean Boniface
ASSELE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE
[Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG,
former sole party [Simplice Nguedet MANZELA]; Gabonese Party for
Progress or PGP [Pierre-Louis AGONDJO-OKAWE,]; National Rally of
Woodcutters-Rally for Gabon or RNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul
M'BA-ABESSOLE]; People's Unity Party or PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA];
Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Pierre EMBONI]; Social
Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]
Gambia, The
Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or
APRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; Gambian People's Party-Progressive
People's Party-United Democratic Party or GPP-PPP-UDP Coalition
[Ousainou DARBOE]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA];
National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's
Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS
[Sidia JATTA]
note: in August 2001, an independent electoral commission allowed
the reregistration of the GPP, NCP, and PPP, three parties banned
since 1996
Georgia
Citizen's Union of Georgia or CUG [Avtandil JORBENADZE];
Georgian People's Front [Nodar NATADZE]; Georgian United Communist
Party or UCPG [Panteleimon GIORGADZE]; Greens [Giorgi
GACHECHILADZE]; Industry Will Save Georgia or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE];
Labor Party [Shalva NATELASHVILI]; National Democratic Party or NDP
[Irina SARISHVILI-CHANTURIA]; New National Movement [Mikheil
SAAKASHVILI]; New Right [Levaii GACHECHILADZE]; Republican Party
[David BERDZENISHVILI]; "Revival" Union Party or AGUR [Alsan
ABASHIDZE]; Socialist Party or SPG [Irakli MINDELI]; Traditionalists
[Akaki ASATIANI]
Germany
Alliance '90/Greens [Angelika BEER and Reinhard BUETIKOFER];
Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian Social
Union or CSU [Edmund STOIBER, chairman]; Free Democratic Party or
FDP [Guido WESTERWELLE, chairman]; Party of Democratic Socialism or
PDS [Lothar BISKY]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Gerhard
SCHROEDER, chairman]
Ghana
Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general
secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA,
chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY];
National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National
Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary];
New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's
Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman];
People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE];
People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party
[Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]
Gibraltar
Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social
Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or
GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Greece
Coalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [Nikolaos
KONSTANTOPOULOS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA];
New Democracy or ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS];
Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Konstandinos SIMITIS]
Greenland
Akulliit Party [Bjarne KREUTZMANN]; Atassut Party
(Solidarity, a conservative party favoring continuing close
relations with Denmark) [Augusta SALLING]; Demokratiit [Per
BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood, a leftist
party favoring complete independence from Denmark rather than home
rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Issituup (Polar Party) [Nicolai HEINRICH];
Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List, an independent right-of-center
party with no official platform [leader NA]; Siumut (Forward Party,
a social democratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic
identity and greater autonomy from Denmark) [Hans ENOKSEN]
Grenada
Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Herbert PREUDHOMME];
National Democratic Congress or NDC [leader vacant]; New National
Party or NNP [George McGUIRE]; People Labor Movement or PLM [leader
NA]
Guadeloupe
Communist Party of Guadeloupe or PCG [Mona CADOCE]; FGPS
[Dominique LARIFLA]; Progressive Democratic Party or PPDG [Henri
BANGOU]; Rally for the Republic or RPR (may have become UMP)
[Lucette MICHAUX-CHEVRY]; Socialist Party or PS [Georges LOUISOR];
Union for French Democracy or UDF [Marcel ESDRAS]
Guam
Democratic Party (controls the legislature) [speaker, Vicente
(Ben) PANGELINAN]; Republican Party (party of Governor CAMACHO)
[leader NA]
Guatemala
Authentic Integral Development or DIA [Eduardo SUGER];
Democratic Union or UD [Rodolfo PAIZ Andrade]; Grand National
Alliance or GANA [leader NA]; Green Party or LOV [Rodolfo ROSALES
Garcis-Salaz]; Guatemalan Christian Democracy or DCG [Vinicio CEREZO
Arevalo]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Secretary
General Alba ESTELA Maldonado]; Guatemalan Republican Front or FRG
[Efrain RIOS Montt]; Movement for Guatemalan Unity or MGU [Jacobo
ARBENZ Villanueva]; Movement for Principals and Values or MPV
[Francisco BIANCHI]; National Advancement Party or PAN [Secretary
General Leonel LOPEZ Rodas]; National Unity for Hope or UNE
[Alvarado COLOM Caballeros]; New Nation Alliance or ANN, formed by
an alliance of DIA, URNG, and several splinter groups most of whom
subsequently defected [led by three co-equal partners - Nineth
Varenca MONTENEGRO Cottom, Rodolfo BAUER Paiz, and Jorge Antonio
BALSELLS TUT]; Patriot Party or PP [retired General Otto PEREZ
Molina]; Progressive Liberator Party or PLP [Acisclo VALLADARES
Molina]; Reform Movement or MR [Secretary General Alfredo
SKINNER-KLEE]; Unionista Party [leader NA]
Guernsey
none; all independents
Guinea
Democratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally or
PDG-RDA [El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN]; National Union for
Progress or UNP [Paul Louis FABER]; Party for Unity and Progress or
PUP [Lansana CONTE] - the governing party; People's Party of Guinea
or PPG [Pascal TOLNO]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha
CONDE]; Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR [Siradiou DIALLO];
Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE,
secretary-general]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]
Guinea-Bissau
African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau
and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Francisco BENANTE]; Front for the
Liberation and Independence of Guinea or FLING [Francois MENDY];
Guinea-Bissau Resistance-Ba Fata Movement or RGB-MB [Helder Vaz
LOPES]; Guinean Civic Forum or FCG [Antonieta Rosa GOMES];
International League for Ecological Protection or LIPE [Alhaje
Bubacar DJALO, president]; National Union for Democracy and Progress
or UNDP [Abubacer BALDE, secretary general]; Party for Democratic
Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Social Renovation Party or PRS
[Kumba YALA]; Union for Change or UM [Jorge MANDINGA, president, Dr.
Anne SAAD, secretary general]; United Social Democratic Party or
PUSD [Victor Sau'de MARIA]
Guyana
Alliance for Guyana or AFG (includes Guyana Labor Party or
GLP and Working People's Alliance or WPA) [Rupert ROOPNARAINE];
Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Guyana Labor Party or GLP
[leader NA]; People's National Congress or PNC/R [Robert Herman
Orlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic or PPP/C [Bharrat
JAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The United
Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; Working People's Alliance or WPA
[Rupert ROOPNARAINE]
Haiti
Alliance for the Liberation and Advancement of Haiti or ALAH
[Reynold GEORGES]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or
RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convergence (opposition coalition composed of
ESPACE, OPL, and MOCHRENA) [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES, Evans PAUL, Luc
MESADIEU, Victor BENOIT]; Democratic Consultation Group coalition or
ESPACE [Evans PAUL, Victor BENOIT] composed of the following
parties: National Congress of Democratic Movements or KONAKOM,
National Progressive Revolutionary Party or PANPRA, Generation 2004,
and Haiti Can; Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH
[Marie-France CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic Party or PADEM [Clark
PARENT]; Lavalas Family or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]; Mobilization
for National Development or MDN [Hubert DE RONCERAY]; Movement for
National Reconstruction or MRN [Rene THEODORE]; Movement for the
Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; Movement
for the Organization of the Country or MOP [Gesner COMEAU and Jean
MOLIERE]; National Cooperative Action Movement or MKN [Volrick Remy
JOSEPH]; National Front for Change and Democracy or FNCD [Evans PAUL
and Turneb DELPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or
MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open the Gate or PLB [Renaud BERNARDIN];
Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES]
Holy See (Vatican City)
none
Honduras
Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Dr. Hernan CORRALES
Padilla]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [leader NA]; Liberal
Party or PL [Roberto MICHELETTI Bain]; National Innovation and Unity
Party-Social Democratic Party or PINU-SD [Olban F. VALLADARES];
National Party of Honduras or PN [Raphael CALLEJAS]
Hong Kong
Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood
[Frederick FUNG Kin-kee, chairman]; Citizens Party [Alex CHAN
Kai-chung]; Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong
[Jasper TSANG Yok-sing, chairman]; Democratic Party [Martin LEE
Chu-ming, chairman]; Frontier Party [Emily LAU Wai-hing,
chairwoman]; Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's
Livelihood [leader NA]; Hong Kong Progressive Alliance [Ambrose LAU
Hon-chuen]; Liberal Party [James TIEN Pei-chun, chairman]; New
Century Forum [NQ Ching-fai, chairman]
note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - Association for
Democracy and People's Livelihood, Citizens Party, Democratic Party,
Frontier Party; pro-Beijing - Democratic Alliance for the Betterment
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Progressive Alliance, Liberal Party, New
Century Forum
Hungary
Alliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor KUNCZE];
Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Laszlo VARGA,
chairman]; Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz-MPP [Jozsef SZASER,
chairman]; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID];
Hungarian Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI,
chairman]; Hungarian Justice and Life Party or MIEP [Istvan CSURKA,
chairman]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSzP [Laszlo KOVACS,
chairman]; Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman]
Iceland
Independence Party or IP [David ODDSSON]; Left-Green
Alliance or LGP [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [Gudjon
KRISTJANSSON]; Progressive Party or PP [Halldor ASGRIMSSON]; Social
Democratic Alliance (includes People's Alliance or PA, Social
Democratic Party or SDP, Women's List)or SDA [Ossur SKARPHEDINSSON];
Social Democratic Party or SDP [Sighvatur BJORGVINSSON]; Women's
List or WL [Kristin ASTGEIRSDOTTIR]
India
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [C.
Jayalalitha JAYARAM]; All India Forward Bloc or AIFB, [D. BISWAS
(general secretary)]; Asom Gana Parishad [Brindaban GOSWAMI];
Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI]; Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP
[Jana KRISNAMURTHY]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK];
Communist Party of India or CPI [Ardhendu Bhushan BARDHAN];
Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist or CPI/ML [Dipankar
BHATTACHARYA]; Congress (I) Party [Sonia GANDHI]; Dravida Munnetra
Kazagham or DMK (a regional party in Tamil Nadu) [M. KARUNANIDHI];
Indian National League [Suliaman SAITH]; Janata Dal (Secular) [H. D.
Deve GOWDA]; Janata Dal (United) or JDU [Sharad YADAV]; Kerala
Congress (Mani faction) [K. M. MANI]; Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra
Kazhagam or MDMK [VAIKO]; Muslim League [G. M. BANATWALA];
Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; Rashtriya Janata
Dal or RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV]; Revolutionary Socialist Party or
RSP [Abani ROY]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV];
Shiromani Akali Dal [G. S. TOHRA]; Shiv Sena [Bal THACKERAY]; Tamil
Maanila Congress [G. K. VASAN]; Telugu Desam Party or TDP
[Chandrababu NAIDU]; Trinamool Congress [Mamata BANERJEE]
Indonesia
Crescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA,
chairman]; Federation of Functional Groups or Golkar [Akbar
TANDJUNG, general chairman]; Indonesia Democracy Party-Struggle or
PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri, chairperson]; National Awakening Party
or PKB [Alwi SHIHAB, chairman]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Amien
RAIS, chairman]; Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Hidayat NUR WAHID,
chairman]; United Development Party or PPP (federation of former
Islamic parties) [Hamzah HAZ, chairman]
Iran
a loose pro-reform coalition called the 2nd Khordad front
achieved considerable success at elections to the sixth Majles in
early 2000, and groups in the coalition include: Islamic Iran
Participation Front (IIPF); Executives of Construction Party
(Kargozaran); Solidarity Party; Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution
Organization (MIRO); and Militant Clerics Society (Ruhaniyun); a new
apparently conservative group, the Builders of Islamic Iran, emerged
at the local level in early 2003
Iraq
in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn
regime by US-led coalition
Ireland
Fianna Fail [Bertie AHERN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; Green
Party [Trevor SARGENT]; Labor Party [Pat RABITTE]; Progressive
Democrats [Mary HARNEY]; Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; Socialist Party
[Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Sean GARLAND]
Israel
Center Party [Dan MERIDOR]; Democratic Front for Peace and
Equality (Hadash) [Muhammad BARAKA]; Democratic Movement [Roman
BRONFMAN]; Gesher [David LEVI]; Green Leaf Party [Boaz WACHTEL and
Shlomi SANDAK]; Herut [Michael KLEINER]; Labor Party [Binyamin
BEN-ELIEZER]; Likud Party [Ariel SHARON]; Meimad [Rabbi Michael
MELCHIOR]; Meretz [Yossi SARID]; National Democratic Alliance
(Balad) [Azmi BISHARA]; National Religious Party [Yitzhak LEVY];
National Union [Benyamin ELON] (includes Tekuma and Moledet); One
Israel [Ra'anan COHEN]; One Nation [Amir PERETZ]; Shas [Eliyahu
YISHAI]; Shinui [Tommy LAPID]; United Arab List [Abd al-Malik
DAHAMSHAH]; United Torah Judaism [Meir PORUSH]; Yisra'el Ba'Aliya or
YBA [Natan SHARANSKY]; Yisra'el Beiteinu [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]
Italy
Center-Left Olive Tree Coalition [Francesco RUTELLI] -
Democrats of the Left, Daisy Alliance (including Italian Popular
Party, Italian Renewal, Union of Democrats for Europe, The
Democrats), Sunflower Alliance (including Green Federation, Italian
Democratic Socialists), Italian Communist Party; Center-Right
Freedom House Coalition [Silvio BERLUSCONI] (formerly House of
Liberties and Freedom Alliance) - Forza Italia, National Alliance,
The Whiteflower Alliance (includes Christian Democratic Center,
United Christian Democrats), Northern League; Christian Democratic
Center or CCD [Marco FOLLINI]; Democrats of the Left or DS [Piero
FASSINO]; Forza Italia or FI [Silvio BERLUSCONI]; Green Federation
[Alfonso Pecoraro SCANIO]; Italian Communist Party or PdCI [Armando
COSSUTTA]; Italian Popular Party or PPI [Pierluigi CASTAGNETTI];
Italian Renewal or RI [Lamberto DINI]; Italian Social Democrats or
SDI [Enrico BOSELLI]; Socialist Movement-Tricolor Flame or MS-Fiamma
[Pino RAUTI]; National Alliance or AN [Gianfranco FINI]; Northern
League or NL [Umberto BOSSI]; Southern Tyrols People's Party or SVP
(German speakers) [Siegfried BRUGGER]; Sunflower Alliance (includes
Green Federation, Italian Social Democrats); The Daisy Alliance
(includes Italian Popular Party, Italian Renewal, Union of Democrats
for Europe, The Democrats); The Democrats [Arturo PARISI]; The
Radicals (formerly Pannella Reformers and Autonomous List) [Marco
PANNELLA]; The Whiteflower Alliance (includes Christian Democratic
Center, United Christian Democrats); Union of Democrats for Europe
or UDEUR [Clemente MASTELLA]; United Christian Democrats or CDU
[Rocco BUTTIGLIONE]
Jamaica
Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Edward SEAGA]; National
Democratic Movement or NDM [Bruce GOLDING]; People's National Party
or PNP [Percival James PATTERSON]
Japan
Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Naoto KAN, leader; Katsuya
OKADA, secretary general]; Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII,
chairman; Tadayoshi ICHIDA, secretary general]; Komeito [Takenori
KANZAKI, president; Tetsuzo FUYUSHIBA, secretary general]; Liberal
Democratic Party or LDP [Junichiro KOIZUMI, president; Shinzo ABE,
secretary general]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho
FUKUSHIMA, chairperson; Seiji MATAICHI, secretary general]
Jersey
none; all independents
Jordan
Al-Umma (Nation) Party [Ahmad al-HANANDEH, secretary
general]; Arab Land Party [Dr. Muhammad al-'ORAN, secretary
general]; Communist Party [Munir HAMARINAH, secretary general];
Constitutional Front [Mahdi al-TALL, secretary general]; Jordanian
Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'id DHIYAB, secretary general];
Jordanian Progressive Party [Fawwaz al-ZUBI, secretary general];
Jordanian People's Democratic (Hashd) Party [Salim al-NAHHAS,
secretary general]; Islamic Action Front [Hazma MANSOUR, secretary
general]; National Action (Haqq) Party [Muhammad al-ZUBI, secretary
general]; National Constitutional Party [Abdul Hadi MAJALI,
secretary general]; (Arab) Socialist Ba'th Party [Taysif al-HIMSI,
secretary general]; Pan-Arab (Democratic) Movement [Mahmud
al-NUWAYHI, secretary general]
Kazakhstan
Agrarian Party [Romin MADINOV]; Ak Zhol Party "White
Road" [Bulat ABILOV, Uraz ZHANDOSOV, Zhanat YERTLESOVA, cofounders];
AUL "Village" [leader NA]; Civic Party [Azat PERUASHEV, first
secretary]; Communist Party or KPK [Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN, first
secretary]; Otan "Fatherland" [Gani YESIMOV, chairman]; Patriots'
Party [Gani KASYMOV]
note: only seven parties in Kazakhstan have been registered under
the new political party law passed in July 2002
Kenya
Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People
[Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU
[Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Mwai KIBAKI] -
the governing party
Kiribati
Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON];
Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Pati
or MKP [leader NA]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry
TONG]
note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties
in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups
because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party
structures
Korea, North
Chondoist Chongu Party [YU Mi-yong, chairwoman]; Social
Democratic Party [KIM Yong-tae, chairman]; major party - Korean
Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Chong-il, general secretary]
Korea, South
Democratic People's Party or DPP [leader NA]; Grand
National Party or GNP [CH'OE Pyong-ryol, chairman]; Millennium
Democratic Party or MDP [CHO Sun-hyong, chairman]; United Liberal
Democrats or ULD [KIM Chong-p'il, president]; Uri Party [KIM
Kun-t'ae, chairman]
Kuwait
none; formation of political parties is illegal
Kyrgyzstan
Agrarian Labor Party of Kyrgyzstan [Uson S. SYDYKOV];
Agrarian Party of Kyrgyzstan [Arkin ALIYEV]; Ata-Meken or Fatherland
[Omurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Banner National Revival Party or ASABA
[Chaprashty BAZARBAY]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK
[Jypar JEKSHEYEV]; Democratic Women's Party of Kyrgyzstan [T. A.
SHAILIYEVA]; Dignity Party [Feliks KULOV]; Erkin Kyrgyzstan
Progressive and Democratic Party [Tursunbay Bakir UULU]; Justice
Party [Chingiz AYTMATOV]; Movement for the People's Salvation
[Jumgalbek AMAMBAYEV]; Mutual Help Movement or Ashar [Jumagazy
USUPOV]; My Country Party of Action [Almazbek ISMANKULOV]; National
Unity Democratic Movement or DDNE [Yury RAZGULYAYEV]; Party of
Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [Absamat M. MASALIYEV]; Party of the
Veterans of the War in Afghanistan [leader NA]; Peasant Party
[leader NA]; People's Party [Melis ESHIMKANOV]; Republican Popular
Party of Kyrgyzstan [J. SHARSHENALIYEV]; Social Democratic Party or
PSD [J. IBRAMOV]; Union of Democratic Forces (composed of Social
Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or PSD [J. IBRAMOV], Economic Revival
Party, and Birimdik Party)
Laos
Lao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [KHAMTAI Siphandon,
party president]; other parties proscribed
Latvia
Alliance of the Greens and Farmers Union or ZZS [Augusts
BRIGMANIS (Farmer's Union); Indulis EMSIS (Green Party)]; CENTER
Political Alliance [Juris CELMINS]; First Party of Latvia [Eriks
JEKABSONS]; For Fatherland and Freedom or LNNK [Maris GRINBLATS];
For Human Rights in a United Latvia or PCTVL [Janis JURKANS], a
coalition of the People's Harmony Party or TSP, the Latvian
Socialist Party or LSP, and the Equal Rights Movement; Freedom Party
[Ziedonis CEVERS]; Land of Mara [Irena SAPROVSKA]; Latvian Rebirth
Party [Andris RUBINS]; Latvian Social-Democratic Workers Party
(Social Democrats) or LSDSP [Juris BOJARS]; Latvia's Way Union or LC
[Janis NAGLIS]; Light of Latgale or LG [Rihards EIGIMS]; New Era
Party [Einars REPSE]; Our Land Party [Ilmars ANCANS]; Party of
Latvians [Aivars GARDA]; People's Party [Andris SKELE]; Progressive
Center Party [Inta STAMGUTE]; Russian Party [Mihails GAVRILOVS];
Social Democratic Union or SDS [Egils BALDZENS]; Social Democratic
Welfare Party or SLP [Juris ZURAVLOVS]; United Republican Party of
Latvia or LARP [Eriks Andrejs SAULUNS, Janis PUKIS, Sarmite JEGERE]
Lebanon
political party activity is organized along largely
sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of
individual political figures and followers motivated by religious,
clan, and economic considerations
Lesotho
Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Tseliso MAKHAKHE]; Basotho
National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justine Metsing LEKHANYA]; Lesotho
Congress for Democracy or LCD [Phebe MOTEBANO, chairwoman; Pakalitha
MOSISILI, leader] - the governing party; Lesotho People's Congress
or LPC [Kelebone MAOPE]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Charles
MOFELI]; Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP and Setlamo Alliance
[Vincent MALEBO]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Chief Peete
Nkoebe PEETE]; Sefate Democratic Party or SDP [Bofihla NKUEBE]
Liberia
Alliance of Political Parties (a coalition of LAP and LUP)
[leader NA]; All Liberia Coalition Party or ALCOP [Peter KERBAY];
Liberian Action Party or LAP [C. Gyude BRYANT]; Liberian People's
Party or LPP [Koffa NAGBE]; Liberia Unification Party or LUP [leader
NA]; National Patriotic Party or NPP [Cyril ALLEN] - governing
party; United People's Party or UPP [Wesley JOHNSON]; Unity Party or
UP [Charles CLARKE]
Libya
none
Liechtenstein
Fatherland Union or VU [Oswald KRANZ]; Progressive
Citizens' Party or FBP [Ernst WALCH]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo
FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER]
Lithuania
Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [Valdemar
TOMASZEVSKI, chairman]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS
[Andrius KUBILIUS, chairman]; Lithuanian Center Union or LCS
[Kestutis GLAVECKAS, chairman]; Lithuanian Christian Democrats or
LKD [Kazys BOBELIS]; Lithuanian Farmer's Party or LUP [Ramunas
KARBAUSKIS, chairman]; Lithuanian Green Party [Rimantas BRAZIULIS];
Lithuanian Liberal Youth [Neringa MOROZAITE]; Lithuanian National
Democratic Party [Vygintas GONTIS]; Lithuanian Social Democratic
Coalition [Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS, chairman] consists of the Lithuanian
Democratic Labor Party or LDDP, the Lithuanian Social Democratic
Party or LSDP, and New Democracy; Moderate Conservative Union
[Gediminas VAGNORIUS]; Modern Christian Democratic Union [Vytautas
BOGUSIS, chairman]; New Democracy and Farmer's Union [Kazimiera
PRUNSKIENE, chairman]; New Union-Social Liberals [Arturas
PAULAUSKAS, chairman]; Young Lithuania [Arnoldas PLATELIS]
Luxembourg
Action Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [Robert
MEHLEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (known also as
Christian Social Party or PCS) [Erna HENNICOT-SCHOEPGES]; Democratic
Party or DP [Lydie POLFER]; Green Party [Abbes JACOBY and Felix
BRAS]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Jean ASSELBORN];
Marxist and Reformed Communist Party DEI LENK (the Left) [no formal
leadership]; other minor parties
Macau
there are no formal political parties, however, there are
civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join
together to form political blocs
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Democratic Alternative or
DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president]; Democratic Union for Integration
or DUI (also BDI) [Ali AHMETI]; Democratic Party of Albanians or
PDSH [Arben XHAFERI, president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or
VMRO-DPMNE [Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI, president]; Internal Macedonian
Revolutionary Organization-True Macedonian Reform Option or
VMRO-VMRO [Boris ZMEJKOVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization-Macedonian [Boris STOJMENOV]; Liberal Democratic Party
or LDP [Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV]; National
Democratic Party or PDK [Kastriot HAXHIREXHA]; Party for Democratic
Prosperity or PPD [Abdurrahman HALITI]; Social-Democratic Alliance
of Macedonia or SDSM [Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president]; Socialist
Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Together for
Macedonia coalition (including the SDSM and LDP) [Branko
CRVENKOVSKI]; Union of Romanies of Macedonia or SRM [leader NA]
Madagascar
Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA
[leader vacant]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for
National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; I Love
Madagascar or TIM [leader NA]; National Union or FP [leader NA];
Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON]
Malawi
Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA]; Malawi
Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO, president; Gwanda CHAKUAMBA, vice
president]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; United
Democratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing party
Malaysia
ruling coalition parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party or
PGRM [LIM Kheng Yaik]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal
Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [CHONG Kah Kiat]; Malaysian Chinese
Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [LING Ong Ka Ting];
Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongresi India Malaysia) or MIC [S. Samy
VELLU]; Parti Bangsa Dayak Sarawak or PBDS [Leo MOGGIE]; Parti
Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti Pesaka
Bumiputra Bersatu or PBB [Patinggi Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Sabah
Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Sabah) or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee];
Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP
[WONG Soon Kah]; United Malays National Organization or UMNO
[ABDULLAH Ahmad Badawi]; United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut
Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or
UPKO [leader NA]; opposition parties: Democratic Action Party (Parti
Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KERK Kim Hock]; Islamic Party of
Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang];
National Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Nasional) or Keadilan [WAN
AZIZAH Wan Ismael]; National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN (the
ruling coalition dominated by the UMNO and includes MCA, MIC, PGRM,
PBDS, SUPP, PBB, PBS, LDP, SAPP, UPKO) [ABDULLAH Ahmad Badawi]
Maldives
although political parties are not banned, none exist
Mali
Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda Traore KEITA, party
chairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA
[Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [Mamadou
Bakary SANGARE, chairman]; Hope 2002 [leader NA]; Movement for the
Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA
[Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress for
Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for
Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for
National Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME,
secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Ali
GNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA,
chairman]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Bonbasor KEITA, chairman];
Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou
TOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress
or UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and
Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]
Malta
Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD
[Harry VASSALLO]; Malta Labor Party or MLP [Alfred SANT];
Nationalist Party or PN [Edward FENECH ADAMI]
Man, Isle of
Man Labor Party [leader NA]; Alliance for Progressive
Government [leader NA]; Man Nationalist Party [leader NA]
note: most members sit as independents
Marshall Islands
traditionally there have been no formally organized
political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions
or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters,
formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings"
have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Kabua Party
[Imata KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]
Martinique
Martinique Communist Party or PCM [Pierre SUEDILLE];
Martinique Independence Movement or MIM [Alfred MARIE-JEANNE];
Martinique Progressive Party or PPM [Camille DARSIERES]; Martinique
Socialist Party or PMS [Ernest WAN-AJOUHU]; Movement of Democrats
and Ecologists for a Sovereign Martinique or Modemas [Garcin MALSA];
Rally for the Republic or RPR [Michel CHARLONE]; Socialist
Revolution Group or GRS [Philippe PIERRE-CHARLES]; Union for French
Democracy or UDF [Jean MAREN]
Mauritania
Action for Change or AC [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR];
Alliance for Justice and Democracy or AJD [Kebe ABDOULAYE];
Democratic and Social Republican Party or PRDS (ruling party)
[President Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA]; Mauritanian Party for
Renewal and Concorde or PMRC [Molaye El Hassen Ould JIYID]; National
Union for Democracy and Development or UNDD [Tidjane KOITA]; Party
for Liberty, Equality and Justice or PLEJ [Daouda M'BAGNIGA];
Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih Ould CHEIKH MALAININE]; Popular Progress
Alliance or APP [Mohamed El Hafed Ould ISMAEL]; Popular Social and
Democratic Union or UPSD [Mohamed Mahmoud Ould MAH]; Progress Force
Union or UFP [Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD]; Rally of Democratic Forces or
RFD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH]; Rally for Democracy and Unity or RDU [Ahmed
Ould SIDI BABA]; Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint
MOUKNASS]
note: the Action for Change party was banned in January 2002;
parties legalized by constitution ratified 12 July 1991, however,
politics continue to be tribally based
Mauritius
Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party
or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM
[Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Social Democrat
Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist
Movement or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues
Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples
Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
Mayotte
Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran Popular
Movement or MPM [Ahmed MADI]; Federation of Mahorans or RPR [Mansour
KAMARDINE]; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM [Mouhoutar
SALIM]; Socialist Party or PS (local branch of French Parti
Socialiste) [Ibrahim ABUBACAR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF
[Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE]
Mexico
Convergence for Democracy or CD [Dante DELGADO Ranauro];
Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Dulce Maria SAURI
Riancho]; Mexican Green Ecological Party or PVEM [Jorge Emilio
GONZALEZ Martinez]; National Action Party or PAN [Luis Felipe BRAVO
Mena]; Party of the Democratic Revolution or PRD [Amalia GARCIA
Medina]; Party of the Nationalist Society or PSN [Gustavo RIOJAS
Santana]; Social Alliance Party or PAS [Guillermo CALDERON
Dominguez]; Workers Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]
Micronesia, Federated States of
no formal parties
Moldova
Braghis Alliance [Dumitru BRAGHIS]; Communist Party or PCM
[Vladimir VORONIN, first chairman]; Popular Christian Democratic
Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Social Democratic Union (composed of
Braghis Alliance and the Democratic Party of Moldova) [leader NA]
Monaco
National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA];
Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of
Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]
Mongolia
Citizens' Will Party or CWP (also called Civil Will Party
or Civil Courage Party) [Sanjaasurengyn OYUN]; Democratic Party or
DP [D. DORLIGJAN]; Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP
[Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR]; Mongolian New Socialist Democratic Party or
MNSDP [B. ERDENEBAT]; Mongolian Republican Party or MRP [B.
JARGALSAIHAN]
note: the MPRP is the ruling party
Montserrat
National Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; New
People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]
Morocco
Action Party or PA [Muhammad EL IDRISSI]; Alliance of
Liberties or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; Annahj Addimocrati or Annahj
[Abdellah EL HARIF]; Avant Garde Social Democratic Party or PADS
[Ahmed BENJELLOUN]; Citizen Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI];
Citizen's Initiatives for Development [Mohamed BENHAMOU];
Constitutional Union or UC [Mohamed ABIED (interim)]; Democratic and
Independence Party or PDI [Abdelwahed MAACH]; Democratic and Social
Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD
[Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN];
Environment and Development Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Front of
Democratic Forces or FFD [Thami EL KHYARI]; Istiqlal Party
(Independence Party) or PI [Abbas El FASSI]; Justice and Development
Party (formerly the Constitutional and Democratic Popular Movement)
or PJD [Abdelkrim EL KHATIB]; Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohamed
ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND [Abdallah KADIRI]; National
Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; National
Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE]; National Rally of
Independents or RNI [Ahmed OSMAN]; National Union of Popular Forces
or UNFP [Abdellah IBRAHIM]; Parti Al Ahd or Al Ahd [Najib EL
OUAZZANI, chairman]; Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS [Ismail
ALAOUI]; Party of Renewal and Equity or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR]; Party
of the Unified Socialist Left or GSU [Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER];
Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Reform and Development
Party or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Social Center Party or PSC
[Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP
[Abderrahman EL-YOUSSOUFI]
Mozambique
Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de
Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO,
president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union
(Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE
[Afonso DHLAKAMA, president]
Namibia
Congress of Democrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; Democratic
Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA, president];
Monitor Action Group or MAG [Kosie PRETORIUS]; South West Africa
People's Organization or SWAPO [Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA]; United
Democratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB]
Nauru
loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG];
Nauru Party (informal) [leader NA]; Naoero Amo (Nauru First) Party
[leader NA]
Nepal
Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist or CPN/UML
[Madhav Kumar NEPAL, general secretary]; National Democratic Party
or NDP (also called Rastriya Prajantra Party or RPP) [Surya Bahadur
THAPA, chairman]; National People's Front (Rastriya Jana Morcha)
[Chitra Bahadur, chairman]; Nepal Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Party or NSP
[Bhadri Prasad MANDAL, acting party president]; Nepal Workers and
Peasants Party or NWPP [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE, party chairman];
Nepali Congress or NC [Girija Prasad KOIRALA, party president;
Sushil KOIRALA, general secretary]; Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal [Lila
Mani POKHAREL, general secretary]
Netherlands
Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Maxime Jacques
Marcel VERHAGEN]; Christian Union Party [Andre ROUVOET]; Democrats
66 or D66 [Boris DITTRICH]; Green Party [Femke HALSEMA]; Labor Party
or PvdA [Wouter BOS]; List Pim Fortuyn [Mat HERBEN]; People's Party
for Freedom and Democracy (Liberal) or VVD [Gerrit ZALM]; Socialist
Party [Jan MARIJNISSEN]; a host of minor parties
Netherlands Antilles
Antillean Restructuring Party or PAR [Miguel
POURIER]; C 93 [Stanley BROWN]; Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB
[Jopi ABRAHAM]; Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ];
Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY];
Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah
WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Foundation Energetic Management Anti-Narcotics or
FAME [Eric LODEWIJKS]; Labor Party People's Crusade or PLKP [Errol
COVA]; National People's Party or PNP [Susanne F. C. CAMELIA-ROMER];
New Antilles Movement or MAN [Kenneth GIJSBERTHA]; Patriotic Union
of Bonaire or UPB [Ramon BOOI]; Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten
or SPA [Vance JAMES, Jr.]; People's Party or PAPU [Richard Hodi];
Pro Curacao Party or PPK [Winston LOURENS]; Saba Democratic Labor
Movement [Steve HASSELL]; Saba Unity Party [Carmen SIMMONDS]; St.
Eustatius Alliance or SEA [Kenneth VAN PUTTEN]; Serious Alternative
People's Party or Sapp [Julian ROLLOCKS]; Social Action Cause or KAS
[Benny DEMEI]; Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [Will
JOHNSTON]; Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT, Rignald
LAK, Editha WRIGHT]
note: political parties are indigenous to each island
New Caledonia
Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX];
Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI
[Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de
Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for
National Liberation or FLNKS [leader NA] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC,
and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and
Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic (anti
independent) or RPCR [Jacques LAFLEUR]; Union Nationale pour
l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist,
but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de
Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM
[Victor TUTUGORO]
New Zealand
ACT New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Alliance (a coalition
of the New Labor Party, Democratic Party, New Zealand Liberal Party,
and Mana Motuhake) [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; Green Party [Jeanette
FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [Don BRASH]; New
Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor
Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]
Nicaragua
Conservative Party of Nicaragua or PCN [Dr. Fernando
AGUERO Rocha]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Virgilio GODOY];
Liberal Alliance (ruling alliance including Liberal Constitutional
Party or PLC, New Liberal Party or PALI, Independent Liberal Party
for National Unity or PLIUN, and Central American Unionist Party or
PUCA) [leader NA]; National Conservative Party or PC [Pedro
SOLARZANO, Noel VIDAURRE]; National Project or PRONAL [Benjamin
LANZAS]; Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path or PCCN [Guillermo
OSORNO, Roberto RODRIGUEZ]; Nicaraguan Resistance Party or PRN
[Salvador TALAVERA]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN
[Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS
[Sergio RAMIREZ]; Unity Alliance or AU [Alejandro SERRANO]; Union
Nacional Opositora 96 or UNO-96 [Alfredo CESAR Aguirre]
Niger
Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid
ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama
[Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing
Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien
Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or
ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for
Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou
ISSOUFOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or
UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]
Nigeria
Alliance for Democracy or AD [Alhaji Adamu ABDULKADIR]; All
Nigeria Peoples' Party or ANPP [Don ETIEBET]; All Progressives Grand
Alliance or APGA [Chekwas OKORIE]; National Democratic Party or NDP
[Aliyu Habu FARI]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Audu OGBEH];
Peoples Redemption Party or PRP [Abdulkadir Balarabe MUSA]; Peoples
Salvation Party or PSP [Lawal MAITURARE]; United Nigeria Peoples
Party or UNPP [Saleh JAMBO]
Niue
Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of
Independents or AI [leader NA]
Norfolk Island
none
Northern Mariana Islands
Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO];
Republican Party [Benigno R. FITIAL]
Norway
Center Party [Aslaug Marie HAGA]; Christian People's Party
[Valgerd Svarstad HAUGLAND]; Coastal Party [Steinar BASTESEN];
Conservative Party [Jan PETERSEN]; Labor Party [Jens STOLTENBERG];
Liberal Party [Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress Party [Carl I. HAGEN];
Socialist Left Party [Kristin HALVORSEN]
Oman
none
Pakistan
Awami National Party or ANP [Wali KHAN]; Balochistan
National Movement/Hayee Group or BNM/H [Dr. Hayee BALUCH]; Baluch
National Party or BNP [Sardar Akhtar MENGAL]; Baluch National
Party/Awami or BNP/Awami [Moheem Kahn BALOCH]; Jamhoori Watan Party
or JWP [Akbar Khan BUGTI]; Jamiat-al-Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR];
Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Fazlur Rehman faction or JUI/F [Fazlur
REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-HAQ faction or JUI/S [Sami
ul-HAQ]; Jamiat-i-Islami or JI [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; Jamiat
Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction or JUP/NO [Shah Ahmad NOORANI];
Millat Party or MP [Farooq LEGHARI]; Mutahida Qaumi Movement, Altaf
faction or MQM/A [Altaf HUSSAIN]; Muhajir Quami Movement, Haqiqi
faction or MQM/H [Afaq AHMAD]; Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal Pakistan or
MMA [leader NA]; National Alliance or NA [Farooq Ahmad Khan
LEGHARI]; National People's Party or NPP [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI];
Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PkMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI];
Pakhtun Quami Party or PQP [Mohammed Afzal KHAN]; Pakistan Awami
Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan Democratic Party or PDP
[Nawabadzada KHAN]; Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group or
PML/F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction or PML/J
[Hamid Nasir CHATTHA]; Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction
or PML/N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Muslim League, Quaid-l-Azam
faction or PML/Q [Chaudhry Shujjat HUSSEIN]; Pakistan Muslim League,
Zia-ul-HAQ or PML/Z [Ejaz ul-Haq]; Pakistan National Party or PNP
[Hasil BIZENJO]; Pakistan People's Party or PPP [Benazir BHUTTO];
Pakistan People's Party/Sherpao or PPP/S [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO];
Pakistan People's Party/Shaheed Bhutto or PPP/SB [Ghinva BHUTTO];
Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Amin FAHIM];
Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]; Tehrik-i-Islami
[Allama Sajid NAQVI]; Tehrik-i-Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]
note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Palau
none
Panama
Arnulfista Party or PA [Mireya Elisa MOSCOSO Rodriguez];
Civic Renewal Party or PRC [Serguei DE LA ROSA]; Democratic Change
[Ricardo MARTINELLI]; Democratic Revolutionary Party or PRD [Martin
TORRIJOS]; National Liberal Party or PLN [Raul ARANGO Gasteazopo];
National Renovation Movement or MORENA [Pedro VALLARINO Cox];
Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Ramon MORALES];
Popular Party or PP (formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC)
[Ruben AROSEMENA]; Solidarity Party or PS [Samuel LEWIS Galindo]
Papua New Guinea
Melanesian Alliance Party or MAP [Bernard
NAROKOBI]; National Alliance or NA [Michael SOMARE, party leader;
George MANOA, party president]; National Front Party [leader NA];
National Party or NP [leader NA]; Papua New Guinea Revival Party
[John PUNDARI]; Papua New Guinea United Party or Pangu Pati [Pate
WAMP, party leader; Chris HAIVETA, parliamentary leader]; People's
Action Party or PAP [Ted DIRO]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM
[Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's Labor Party or PLP [Peter YAMA];
People's National Congress or PNC [Bill SKATE]; People's Progress
Party or PPP [Michael NALI]; People's Unity Party or PUP [leader
NA]; United Party or UP [Rimbiuk PATO]
note: 43 political parties registered to participate in the June
2002 elections
Paraguay
Asociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR
[Nicanor DUARTE FRUTOS]; Movimiento Patria Querida or MPQ [Pedro
Nicolas Maraa FADUL Niella]; Movimiento Union Nacional de Colorados
Eticos or UNACE [Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva]; Partido Encuentro
Nacional or PEN [Diego ABENTE Brun]; Partido Liberal Radical
Autentico or PLRA [Julio Cesar FRANCO]; Partido Pais Solidario or
PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares]
Peru
Peruvian Aprista Party or PAP [Alan GARCIA]; Independent
Moralizing Front or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; National Unity
(Unidad Nacional) or UN [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru Posible or PP
[Luis SOLARI]; Popular Action or AP [Javier DIAZ Orihuela]; Solucion
Popular [Carlos BOLANA]; Somos Peru or SP [Alberto ANDRADE]; Union
for Peru or UPP [Roger GUERRA Garcia]
Philippines
Laban Ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino
Democrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA, president, Agapito AQUINO,
secretary general]; Lakas Ng Edsa (National Union of Christian
Democrats) or Lakas [Jose DE VENECIA, president]; Liberal Party or
LP [Florencio ABAD, president; Franklin DRILON, chairman]; National
People's Coalition or NPC [Eduardo COJUANGCO, chairman emeritus;
Frisco SAN JUAN, president; Faustino DY, chairman]; PDP-Laban
[Aquilino PIMENTEL, chairman; Jejomar BINAY, president]; PMP
[Horacio MORALES, president]; Aksyon Demokratiko Party [Raul ROCO,
president]; Reporma [Renato DE VILLA, chairman]; PROMDI [Emilio
OSMENA, president]
Pitcairn Islands
none
Poland
Catholic-National Movement or RKN [Antoni MACIEREWICZ];
Citizens Platform or PO [Donald TUSK]; Conservative Peasants Party
or SKL-RNP [Artur BALAZS]; Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Leszek
MILLER]; Freedom Union or UW [Wladyslaw FRASYNIUK]; German Minority
of Lower Silesia or MNSO [Henryk KROLL]; Law and Justice or PiS
[Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI]; League of Polish Families or LPR [Marek
KOTLINOWSKI]; Movement for the Reconstruction of Poland or ROP [Jan
OLSZEWSKI]; Peasant-Democratic Party or PLD [Roman JAGIELINSKI];
Polish Accord or PP [Jan LOPUSZANSKI]; Polish Peasant Bloc or PBL
[Wojciech MOJZESOWICZ]; Polish Peasant Party or PSL [Jaroslaw
KALINOWSKI]; Samoobrona [Andrzej LEPPER]; Social Movement or RS
[Krzysztof PIESIEWICZ]; Union of Labor or UP [Marek POL]
Portugal
The Greens or PEV [no leader]; Popular Party or PP [Paulo
PORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party/The Greens or PCP/PEV [Carlos
CARVALHAS]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Eduardo Ferro
RODRIGUES]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Jose Manuel DURAO
BARROSO]; United Democratic Coalition or CDU [Carlos CARVALHAS]; The
Left Bloc [no leader]
Puerto Rico
National Democratic Party [Celeste BENITEZ]; National
Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Luis FERRE]; New Progressive Party
or PNP (pro-US statehood) [Carlos PESQUERA]; Popular Democratic
Party or PPD (pro-commonwealth) [Sila M. CALDERON]; Puerto Rican
Independence Party or PIP (pro-independence) [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez]
Qatar
none
Reunion
Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for
the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS
[Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert
GERARD]
Romania
Democratic Party or PD [Traian BASESCU]; Democratic Union of
Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO]; National Liberal Party
or PNL [Theodor STOLOJAN]; Romania Mare Party (Greater Romanian
Party) or PRM [Corneliu Vadim TUDOR]; Social Democratic Party or PSD
[Adrian NASTASE], formerly known as the Party of Social Democracy in
Romania or PDSR
Russia
Communist Party of the Russian Federation or KPRF [Gennadiy
Andreyevich ZYUGANOV]; Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR
[Vladimir Volfovich ZHIRINOVSKIY]; Motherland Bloc (Rodina) [Sergey
GLAZYEV and Dmitriy ROGOZIN]; People's Party [Gennadiy RAYKOV];
Union of Rightist Forces or SPS [Anatoliy Borisovich CHUBAYS, Yegor
Timurovich GAYDAR, Irina Mutsuovna KHAKAMADA, Boris Yefimovich
NEMTSOV]; United Russia [Boris Vyacheslavovich GRYZLOV]; Yabloko
Party [Grigoriy Alekseyevich YAVLINSKIY]
Rwanda
Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Jean-Nipomuscene
NAYINZIRA]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [J. Damascene
NTAWUKURIRYAYO]; Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [leader
NA]; Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA];
Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal Party or PL
[Pie MUGABO]; Party for Democratic Renewal (officially banned)
[Pasteur BIZIMUNGU and Charles NTAKARUTINKA]; Rwanda Patriotic Front
or FPR [Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME]; Rwandan Socialist Party or PSR
[leader NA]
Saint Helena
none
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance
AMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People's
Action Movement or PAM [Lindsey GRANT]; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor
Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]
Saint Lucia
National Alliance or NA [George ODLUM]; Saint Lucia
Freedom Party or SFP [Martinus FRANCOIS]; Saint Lucia Labor Party or
SLP [Kenneth ANTHONY]; Sou Tout Apwe Fete Fini or STAFF [Christopher
HUNTE]; United Workers Party or UWP [Dr. Morella JOSEPH]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la
Republique or RPR (now UMP) [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS
[leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
National Reform Party or NRP [Joel
MIGUEL]; New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim EUSTACE]; People's
Progressive Movement or PPM [Ken BOYEA]; Progressive Labor Party or
PLP [leader NA]; United People's Movement or UPM [Adrian SAUNDERS];
Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the coalition
of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National
Unity or MNU)
Samoa
Christian Democratic Party [leader NA]; Human Rights
Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA, chairman];
Samoa All People's Party or SAPP [Matatumua MAIMOANA]; Samoan
National Development Party or SNDP [LE MAMEA Ropati, chairman]
(opposition); Samoa National Party [FETU Tiatia, party secretary];
Samoan Progressive Conservative Party [LEOTA Ituau Ale]; Samoan
United Independents Party or SUIP [Dr. Saleimoa VAAI]
San Marino
Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in
Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader
NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian
Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular
Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino
Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or
SR [Renzo GIARDI]
Sao Tome and Principe
Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA];
Force for Change Democratic Movement [leader NA]; Independent
Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation
of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD
[Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD
[Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition [leader NA]; other small
parties
Saudi Arabia
none allowed
Senegal
African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also
known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party
of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or
AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP
(also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic
League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front
for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde
Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party
or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier
DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE];
Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition (a
coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic
Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
Serbia and Montenegro
Democratic Opposition of Serbia or DOS (a
coalition of many small parties including DSS) [leader NA]; Alliance
of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Jozsef KASZA]; Democratic League of
Kosovo or LDK [Dr. Ibrahim RUGOVA, president]; Democratic List for
European Montenegro or DLECG [Milo DJUKANOVIC, Ranko KRIVOKAPIC];
Democratic Party or DS [collective interim leadership led by Cedomir
JOVANOVIC]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA];
Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro or DPS [Milo
DJUKANOVIC]; Party of Serb Unity or SSJ [Borislav PELEVIC]; Serbian
Radical Party or SRS [Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Socialist Party or
SPS (former Communist Party and party of Slobodan MILOSEVIC) [Zoran
ANDJELKOVIC, general secretary]; Social Democratic Party or SDP
[Rasim LJAJIC]; Together for Changes or ZP [leader NA]
Seychelles
Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Daniel BELLE];
Mouvement Seychellois pour la Democratie [Jacques HODOUL];
Seychelles National Party or SNP (formerly the United Opposition or
UO) [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]; Seychelles People's Progressive Front or
SPPF [France Albert RENE, James MICHEL] - the governing party
Sierra Leone
All People's Congress or APC [Alhaji Sat KOROMA,
interim chairman]; Citizens United for Peace and Progress or CUPP
[Alfred Musa CONTEH, interim chairman]; Coalition for Progress Party
or CPP [Jeridine WILLIAM-SARHO, interim leader]; Democratic Center
Party or DCP [Adu Aiah KOROMA]; Democratic Labor Party or DLP
[George E. L. PALMER]; Democratic Party or DP [Henry BALO, acting
chairman]; National Alliance Democratic Party or NADP [Mohamed Yahya
SILLAH, chairman]; National Democratic Alliance or NDA [Amadu M. B.
JALLOH]; National People's Party or NPP [Andrew TURAY]; National
Republican Party or NRP [Stephen Sahr MAMBU]; National Unity
Movement or NUM [Sam LEIGH, interim chairman]; National Unity Party
or NUP [John BENJAMINE, interim leader]; Peace and Liberation Party
or PLP [Darlington MORRISON, interim chairman]; People's Democratic
Alliance or PDA [Cpl. (Ret.) Abdul Rahman KAMARA, interim chairman];
People's Democratic Party or PDP [Osman KAMARA]; People's National
Convention or PNC [Edward John KARGBO]; People's Progressive Party
or PPP [Abass Chernok BUNDU, chairman]; Revolutionary United Front
Party or RUFP [Foday Saybana SANKOH, chairman]; Social Democratic
Party or SDP [Andrew Victor LUNGAY]; Sierra Leone People's Party or
SLPP [Ahmad Tejan KABBAH, chairman]; United National People's Party
or UNPP [John KAREFA-SMART in exile, Raymond KAMARA, acting leader];
Young People's Party or YPP [Cornelius DEVEAUS, interim chairman]
Singapore
governing party: People's Action Party or PAP [GOH Chok
Tong]; opposition parties: Democratic Progressive Party or DPP
[leader NA]; National Solidarity Party or NSP [Steve CHIA];
Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM See Tong] (includes SPP,
PKMS, NSP, SJP); Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan];
Singapore Justice Party or SJP [leader NA]; Singapore National Malay
Organization or PKMS [Muhammad ALI Aman]; Singapore People's Party
or SPP [CHIAM See Tong]; Workers' Party or WP [LOW Thia Kiang]
Slovakia
Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Pavol HRUSOVSKY];
Democratic Party or DS [Ludovit KANIK]; Direction (Smer) [Robert
FICO]; Movement for a Democratic Slovakia-People's Party or HZDS-LS
[Vladimir MECIAR]; New Citizens Alliance or ANO [Pavol RUSKO]; Party
of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Bela BUGAR]; Slovak Communist
Party or KSS [Jozef SEVC]; Slovak Democratic and Christian Union or
SDKU [Mikulas DZURINDA]; Slovak National Party or SNS [Jan SLOTA]
Slovenia
Democratic Party of Retired (Persons) of Slovenia or DeSUS
[Anton ROUS]; Liberal Democratic or LDS [Anton ROP]; New Slovenia or
NSi [Andrej BAJUK]; Slovene National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC];
Slovene People's Party or SLS [Franc BUT]; Slovene Youth Party or
SMS [Dominic CERNJAK]; Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDS
[Janez JANSA]; United List of Social Democrats or ZLSD [Borut PAHOR]
Solomon Islands
Association of Independents [Snyder RINI]; People's
Alliance Party or PAP [Allan KEMAKEZA]; People's Progressive Party
or PPP [Mannaseh Damukana SOGAVARE]; Solomon Islands Alliance for
Change Coalition or SIACC [Bartholomew ULUFA'ALU]; Solomon Islands
Labor Party or SILP [Joses TUHANUKU]
note: in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid
coalitions
Somalia
none
South Africa
African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth
MESHOE, president]; African National Congress or ANC [Thabo MBEKI,
president]; Democratic Alliance (formed from the merger of the
Democratic Party or DP and the New National Party or NNP; note - NNP
split from DP in 2001) [Anthony LEON]; Freedom Front or FF [Dr.
Pieter MULDER, president]; Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu
BUTHELEZI, president]; New National Party or NNP [Marthinus VAN
SCHALKWYK]; Pan-Africanist Congress or PAC [Stanley MOGOBA,
president]; United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]
Spain
Basque Nationalist Party or PNV [Xabier ARZALLUS Antia];
Canarian Coalition or CC (a coalition of five parties) [Paulino
RIVERO]; Convergence and Union or CiU [Jordi PUJOL i Soley,
secretary general] (a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of
Catalonia or CDC [Jordi PUJOL i Soley] and the Democratic Union of
Catalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN y LLEIDA]); Galician
Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Xose Manuel BEIRAS]; Party of Independents
from Lanzarote or PIL [Dimas MARTIN Martin]; Popular Party or PP
[Mariano RAJOY]; Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Jose Luis
RODRIGUEZ ZAPATERO]; United Left or IU (a coalition of parties
including the PCE and other small parties) [Gaspar LLAMAZARES]
Sri Lanka
All Ceylon Tamil Congress or ACTC [KUMARGURUPARAM]; Ceylon
Workers Congress or CWC [Arumugam THONDAMAN]; Communist Party or CP
[D. GUNASEKERA]; Democratic United National (Lalith) Front or DUNLF
[Shrimani ATULATHMUDALI]; Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP
[Douglas DEVANANDA]; Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front
or EPRLF [Suresh PREMACHANDRAN]; Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP
[Tilvan SILVA]; National Unity Alliance or NUA [Ferial ASHRAFF];
People's Alliance or PA [Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA];
People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam or PLOTE [leader
NA]; Sihala Urumaya or SU [Tilak KARUNARATNE]; Sri Lanka Freedom
Party or SLFP [Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA]; Sri Lanka Muslim
Congress or SLMC [Rauff HAKEEM]; Sri Lanka Progressive Front or SLPF
[P. Nelson PERERA]; Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization or TELO
[SABARATNAM]; Tamil National Alliance or TNA [Nadarajah RAVIRAJ];
Tamil United Liberation Front or TULF [R. SAMPATHAN]; United
National Party or UNP [Ranil WICKREMASINGHE]; Upcountry People's
Front or UPF [P. CHANDRASEKARAN]; several ethnic Tamil and Muslim
parties, represented in either Parliament or provincial councils
Sudan
the government allows political "associations" under a 1998
law revised in 2000; to obtain government approval parties must
accept the constitution and refrain from advocating or using
violence against the regime; approved parties include the National
Congress Party or NCP [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR], Popular National
Congress or PNC [Hassan al-TURABI], and over 20 minor,
pro-government parties
Suriname
Democratic Alternative '91 or DA '91 (a coalition of the
Alternative Forum or AF and Party for Brotherhood and Unity in
Politics or BEP, formed in January 1991) [Winston JESSURUN];
Democratic National Platform 2000 or DNP 2000 (coalition of two
parties, Democratic Party and Democrats of the 21st Century) [Jules
WIJDENBOSCH]; Independent Progressive Democratic Alternative or OPDA
[Joginder RAMKHILAWAN]; Millennium Combination or MC (a coalition of
three parties, Democratic Alternative, Party for National Unity and
Solidarity, and National Democratic Party) [leader NA]; National
Democratic Party or NDP [Desire BOUTERSE]; Naya Kadam or NK [leader
NA]; Party for Renewal and Democracy or BVD [Tjan GOBARDHAN]; Party
of National Unity and Solidarity or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA]; Pertjaja
Luhur [Paul SOMOHARDJO]; Progressive Workers' and Farm Laborers'
Union or PALU [Ir Iwan KROLIS]; The New Front or NF (a coalition of
four parties Suriname National Party or NPS, Progressive Reform
Party or VHP, Suriname Labor Party or SPA, and Pertjaja Luhur)
[Runaldo Ronald VENETIAAN]; The Progressive Development Alliance (a
combination of three parties, Renewed Progressive Party or HPP,
Party of the Federation of Land Workers or PVF, and Suriname
Progressive People's Party or PSV) [Harry KISOENSINGH]
Swaziland
political parties are banned by the constitution - the
following are considered political associations; Imbokodvo National
Movement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or
NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement
or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]; Swaziland National Front or
SWANAFRO [Elmond SHONGWE, president]
Sweden
Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party [Alf
SVENSSON]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokespersons are
Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party or VP (formerly
Communist) [Ulla HOFFMAN (acting)]; Liberal People's Party [Lars
LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Fredrik REINFELDT];
Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]
Switzerland
Christian Democratic People's Party
(Christichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti
Democrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Partito Democratico-Cristiano
Popolare Svizzero or PDC, Partida Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra
or PCD) [Philipp STAEHELIN, president]; Green Party (Grune Partei
der Schweiz or Grune, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito
Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La
Verda) [Ruth GENNER and Patrice MUGNY, co-presidents]; Radical Free
Democratic Party (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz or
FDP, Parti Radical-Democratique Suisse or PRD, Partitio
Liberal-Radicale Svizzero or PLR) [Christiane LANGENBERGER,
president]; Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der
Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialist Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista
Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS)
[Christiane BRUNNER, president]; Swiss People's Party
(Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or
UDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal
Center or UDC) [Ueli MAURER, president]; and other minor parties
Syria
National Progressive Front or NPF (includes Arab Socialist
Renaissance (Ba'th) Party (governing party) [President Bashar
al-ASAD, secretary general], Socialist Unionist Democratic Party
[Ahmad al ASAD], Syrian Communist Party [leader NA], Unionist
Socialist Party [leader NA], Arab Socialist Party [Abd al-Ghani
QANNUT], and Arab Socialist Unionist Movement [Sami SUFAN])
[President Bashar al-ASAD, chairman]; Syrian Arab Socialist Party or
ASP [Safwan QUDSI]; Syrian Communist Party or SCP [Yusuf FAYSAL];
Syrian Social National Party [Jubran URAYJI]
Taiwan
Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [CHEN Shui-bian,
chairman]; Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [LIEN Chan,
chairman]; People First Party or PFP [James SOONG (SOONG Chu-yu),
chairman]; Taiwan Solidarity Union or TSU [HUANG Chu-wen, chairman];
other minor parties including the Chinese New Party or CNP
Tajikistan
Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV,
chairman]; Islamic Revival Party [Said Abdullo NURI, chairman];
People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV];
Social Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; Socialist Party
or SPT [Sherali KENJAYEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi
SHABDOLOV]
Tanzania
Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and
Development) or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM
(Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA]; Civic United Front
or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party (unregistered)
[Christopher MTIKLA]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine
Lyatonga MREMA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO]
Thailand
Democratic Party or DP (Prachathipat Party) [BANTADTAN
Banyat]; National Development Party or NDP (Chat Phattana) [KORN
Dabbaransi]; Thai Nation Party or TNP (Chat Thai Party) [BANHAN
Sinlapa-acha]; Thai Rak Thai Party or TRT [THAKSIN Chinnawat]
Togo
Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace
and Equality or MOCEP [leader NA]; Rally for the Support for
Development and Democracy or RSDD [Hanay OLYMPIO]; Rally of the
Togolese People or RPT [President Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union for
Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]
note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA,
was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was
legalized 12 April 1991
Tokelau
none
Tonga
there are no political parties
Trinidad and Tobago
National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR
[Hochoy CHARLES]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [leader NA];
People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; Team Unity or
TUN [Ramesh MAHARAJ]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]
Tunisia
Al-Tajdid Movement [Adel CHAOUCH]; Constitutional Democratic
Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD
[President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; Liberal
Social Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Democratic Socialists
or MDS [Khamis CHAMMARI]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed Belhaj
AMOR]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Abderrahmane TLILI]
Turkey
Democratic Left Party or DSP [Bulent ECEVIT]; Justice and
Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayip ERDOGAN]; Motherland Party or
ANAP [Ahmet Mesut YILMAZ]; Nationalist Action Party or MHP [Devlet
BAHCELI]; Republican People's Party or CHP [Deniz BAYKAL]; True Path
Party (sometimes translated as Correct Way Party) or DYP [Tansu
CILLER]; Young Party or GP [Cem UZAN]
Turkmenistan
Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Saparmurat
NIYAZOV]
note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small
opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries; the
two most prominent opposition groups-in-exile have been Gundogar and
Erkin; Gundogar was led by former Foreign Minister Boris
SHIKHUMRADOV until his arrest and imprisonment in the wake of the 25
November 2002 assassination attempt on President NIYAZOV; Erkin is
led by former Foreign Minister Abdy KULIEV and is based out of Moscow
Turks and Caicos Islands
People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Derek
H. TAYLOR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Washington MISICK];
United Democratic Party or UDP [Wendal SWANN]
Tuvalu
there are no political parties but members of Parliament
usually align themselves in informal groupings
Uganda
only one political organization, the Movement (formerly the
NRM)[President MUSEVENI, chairman] is allowed to operate unfettered;
note - the president maintains that the Movement is not a political
party, but a mass organization, which claims the loyalty of all
Ugandans
note: the constitution requires the suspension of political parties
while the Movement organization is in governance; of the political
parties that exist but are prohibited from sponsoring candidates,
the most important are the Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Milton
OBOTE]; Democratic Party or DP [Paul SSEMOGERERE]; Conservative
Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Justice Forum [Muhammad Kibirige
MAYANJA]; and National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA]
Ukraine
Agrarian Party [Kateryna VASHCHUK]; Communist Party of
Ukraine or CPU [Petro SYMONENKO]; Democratic Initiatives [Stepan
HAVRYSH]; European Choice [Volodymyr STASYUK]; Our Ukraine [Viktor
YUSHCHENKO]; People's Choice [Mykola HAPOCHKA]; People's Democratic
Party or PDP [Valeriy PUSTOVOYTENKO, chairman]; People's Power
[Bohdan HUBSKYY]; Regions of Ukraine [Viktor YANUKOVYCH]; Socialist
Party of Ukraine or SPU [Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman]; United Social
Democratic Party [Leonid KRAVCHUK]; Working Ukraine-Industrialists
and Entrepreneurs [Ihor SHAROV]; Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc [Yuliya
TYMOSHENKO]
note: and numerous smaller parties
United Arab Emirates
none
United Kingdom
Conservative and Unionist Party [Michael HOWARD];
Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Rev. Ian PAISLEY];
Labor Party [Anthony (Tony) BLAIR]; Liberal Democrats [Charles
KENNEDY]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Ieuan Wyn Jones]; Scottish
National Party or SNP [John SWINNEY]; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland)
[Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern
Ireland) [Mark DURKAN]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland)
[David TRIMBLE]
United States
Democratic Party [Terence McAULIFFE]; Green Party
[leader NA]; Libertarian Party [Steve DASBACH]; Republican Party
[Governor Marc RACICOT]
Uruguay
Colorado Party [Jorge BATLLE Ibanez]; National Party or
Blanco [Luis Alberto LACALLE Herrera]; New Sector/Space Coalition or
Nuevo Espacio [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter/Broad Front
Coalition or Encuentro Progresista/Frente Amplio [Tabare VAZQUEZ]
Uzbekistan
Adolat (Justice) Social Democratic Party [Anwar
JURABAYEV, first secretary]; Democratic National Rebirth Party
(Milly Tiklanish) or MTP [Aziz KAYUMOV, chairman]; People's
Democratic Party or NDP (formerly Communist Party) [Abdulkhafiz
JALALOV, first secretary]; Self-Sacrificers Party or Fidokorlar
National Democratic Party [Ahtam TURSUNOV, first secretary]; note -
Fatherland Progress Party merged with Self-Sacrificers Party
Vanuatu
Jon Frum Movement [Song KEASPAI]; Melanesian Progressive
Party or MPP [Barak SOPE]; National United Party or NUP [Dinh Van
THAN]; Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR]; Vanuaaku
Party (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI]; Vanuatu Republican
Party or VRP [Maxime Carlot KORMAN]
Venezuela
Democratic Action or AD [Claudio FERMIN]; Fifth Republic
Movement or MVR [Garcia PONCE]; Homeland for All or PPT [Jose
ALBORNIZ]; Justice First [Julio BORGES]; Movement Toward Socialism
or MAS [Hector MUJICA]; National Convergence or Convergencia [Juan
Jose CALDERA]; Radical Cause or La Causa R [Antonio HERRERA]; Social
Christian Party or COPEI [Oswaldo ALVAREZ Paz]; Venezuela Project or
PV [Henrique SALAS Romer]
Vietnam
only party - Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV [Nong Duc
MANH, general secretary]
Virgin Islands
Democratic Party [Arturo WATLINGTON]; Independent
Citizens' Movement or ICM [Usie RICHARDS]; Republican Party [Gary
SPRAUVE]
Wallis and Futuna
Lua Kae Tahi (Giscardians) [leader NA]; Mouvement
des Radicaux de Gauche or MRG [leader NA]; Rally for the Republic or
RPR [Clovis LOGOLOGOFOLAU]; Taumu'a Lelei [Soane Muni UHILA]; Union
Populaire Locale or UPL [Falakiko GATA]; Union Pour la Democratie
Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Yemen
there are over 12 political parties active in Yemen, some of
the more prominent are: General People's Congress or GPC [President
Ali Abdallah SALIH]; Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah [Shaykh
Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR]; National Arab Socialist Baath Party
[Dr. Qassim SALAAM]; Nasserite Unionist Party [Abdel Malik
al-MAKHLAFI]; Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Ali Salih MUQBIL]
note: President SALIH's General People's Congress or GPC won a
landslide victory in the April 1997 legislative election and no
longer governs in coalition with Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn
al-AHMAR's Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah - the two parties had
been in coalition since the end of the civil war in 1994; the YSP, a
loyal opposition party, boycotted the April 1997 legislative
election, but announced that it would participate in Yemen's first
local elections, held in February 2001; these local elections aim to
decentralize political power and are a key element of the
government's political reform program
Zambia
Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA]; Forum
for Democracy and Development or FDD [Christon TEMBO]; Heritage
Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF
[Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD
[Levy MWANAWASA, acting president]; National Leadership for
Development or NLD [Yobert SHAMAPANDE]; National Party or NP [Dr.
Sam CHIPUNGU]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Zambian
Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA]; Social Democratic Party or
SDP [Gwendoline KONIE]; United National Independence Party or UNIP
[Francis NKHOMA, president]; United Party for National Development
or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]
Zimbabwe
Movement for Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI];
National Alliance for Good Governance or NAGG [Shakespeare MAYA];
United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; Zimbabwe African National
Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African
National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE];
Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Agrippa MADLELA]