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@2076 Exchange rates
Afghanistan
afghanis per US dollar - 3,000 (October-December 2002),
3,000 (2001), 3,000 (2000), 3,000 (1999), 3,000 (1998), note: before
2002 the market rate varied widely from the official rate; in 2002
the afghani was revalued and the currency stabilized
Albania
leke per US dollar - NA (2002), 143.49 (2001), 143.71
(2000), 137.69 (1999), 150.63 (1998)
Algeria
Algerian dinars per US dollar - 79.68 (2002), 77.22 (2001),
75.26 (2000), 66.57 (1999), 58.74 (1998)
American Samoa
the US dollar is used
Andorra
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000),
0.94 (1999)
Angola
kwanza per US dollar - 43.53 (2002), 22.06 (2001), 10.04
(2000), 2.79 (1999), 0.39 (1998); note - in December 1999 the kwanza
was revalued with six zeroes dropped off the old value
Anguilla
East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate
since 1976)
Antigua and Barbuda
East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7
(2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000), 2.7 (1999), 2.7 (1998) (fixed rate
since 1976)
Argentina
Argentine pesos per US dollar - 3.06 (2002), 1 (2001), 1
(2000), 1 (1999), 1 (1998)
Armenia
drams per US dollar - NA (2002), 555.08 (2001), 539.53
(2000), 535.06 (1999), 504.92 (1998)
Aruba
Aruban guilders/florins per US dollar - 1.79 (2002), 1.79
(2001), 1.79 (2000), 1.79 (1999), 1.79 (1998)
Australia
Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.84 (2002), 1.93
(2001), 1.72 (2000), 1.55 (1999), 1.59 (1998)
Austria
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000),
0.94 (1999), 12.38 (1998)
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani manats per US dollar - 4,860.82 (2002),
4,656.58 (2001), 4,474.15 (2000), 4,120.17 (1999), 3,869 (1998)
Bahamas, The
Bahamian dollars per US dollar - 1 (2002), 1 (2001), 1
(2000), 1 (1999), 1 (1998)
Bahrain
Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.38 (2002), 0.38 (2001),
0.38 (2000), 0.38 (1999), 0.38 (1998)
Bangladesh
taka per US dollar - 57.89 (2002), 55.81 (2001), 52.14
(2000), 49.09 (1999), 46.91 (1998)
Barbados
Barbadian dollars per US dollar - 2 (2002), 2 (2001), 2
(2000), 2 (1999), 2 (1998)
Belarus
Belarusian rubles per US dollar - NA (2002), 1,390 (2001),
876.75 (2000), 248.8 (1999), 46.13 (1998)
Belgium
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000),
0.94 (1999), 36.3 (1998)
Belize
Belizean dollars per US dollar - 2 (2002), 2 (2001), 2
(2000), 2 (1999), 2 (1998)
Benin
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95
(1998)
Bermuda
Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged
to the US dollar)
Bhutan
ngultrum per US dollar - 48.61 (2002), 47.19 (2001), 44.94
(2000), 43.06 (1999), 41.26 (1998)
Bolivia
bolivianos per US dollar - 7.17 (2002), 6.61 (2001), 6.18
(2000), 5.81 (1999), 5.51 (1998)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
marka per US dollar - NA (2002), 2.19 (2001),
2.12 (2000), 1.84 (1999), 1.76 (1998)
Botswana
pulas per US dollar - 6.33 (2002), 5.84 (2001), 5.1 (2000),
4.62 (1999), 4.23 (1998)
Brazil
reals per US dollar - 2.92 (2002), 2.36 (2001), 1.83 (2000),
1.81 (1999), 1.16 (1998)
note: from October 1994 through 14 January 1999, the official rate
was determined by a managed float; since 15 January 1999, the
official rate floats independently with respect to the US dollar
British Virgin Islands
the US dollar is used
Brunei
Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001),
1.72 (2000), 1.69 (1999), 1.67 (1998)
Bulgaria
leva per US dollar - 2.08 (2002), 2.18 (2001), 2.12 (2000),
1.84 (1999), 1.76 (1998)
note: on 5 July 1999, the lev was redenominated; the post-5 July
1999 lev is equal to 1,000 of the pre-5 July 1999 lev
Burkina Faso
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US
dollar - 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999),
589.95 (1998)
Burma
kyats per US dollar - 6.64 (2002), 6.75 (2001), 6.52 (2000),
6.29 (1999), 6.34 (1998)
Burundi
Burundi francs per US dollar - NA (2002), 830.35 (2001),
720.67 (2000), 563.56 (1999), 447.77 (1998)
Cambodia
riels per US dollar - 3,912.08 (2002), 3,916.33 (2001),
3,840.75 (2000), 3,807.83 (1999), 3,744.42 (1998)
Cameroon
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar
- 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95
(1998)
Canada
Canadian dollars per US dollar - 1.57 (2002), 1.55 (2001),
1.49 (2000), 1.49 (1999), 1.48 (1998)
Cape Verde
Cape Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar - NA (2002),
123.21 (2001), 115.88 (2000), 102.7 (1999), 98.16 (1998)
Cayman Islands
Caymanian dollars per US dollar - 0.82 (29 October
2001), 0.83 (3 November 1995), 0.85 (22 November 1993)
Central African Republic
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs
(XAF) per US dollar - 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000),
615.7 (1999), 589.95 (1998)
Chad
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar -
696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95
(1998)
Chile
Chilean pesos per US dollar - 688.95 (2002), 634.94 (2001),
535.47 (2000), 508.78 (1999), 460.29 (1998)
China
yuan per US dollar - 8.28 (2002), 8.28 (2001), 8.28 (2000),
8.28 (1999), 8.28 (1998)
Christmas Island
Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (2002),
1.9320 (2001), 1.7173(2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354
(2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998),
1.3439 (1997)
Colombia
Colombian pesos per US dollar - 2,504.24 (2002), 2,299.63
(2001), 2,087.9 (2000), 1,756.23 (1999), 1,426.04 (1998)
Comoros
Comoran francs (KMF) per US dollar - 522.74 (2002), 549.78
(2001), 533.98 (2000), 461.78 (1999), 442.46 (1998)
note: prior to January 1999, the official rate was pegged to the
French franc at 75 Comoran francs per French franc; since 1 January
1999, the Comoran franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 491.9677
Comoran francs per euro
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Congolese francs per US dollar -
346.49 (2002), 206.62 (2001), 21.82 (2000), 4.02 (1999), 1.61 (1998)
Congo, Republic of the
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF)
per US dollar - 697 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7
(1999), 589.95 (1998)
Cook Islands
New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January
2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998),
1.5083 (1997)
Costa Rica
Costa Rican colones per US dollar - 359.82 (2002), 328.87
(2001), 308.19 (2000), 285.69 (1999), 257.23 (1998)
Cote d'Ivoire
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US
dollar - 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999),
589.95 (1998)
Croatia
kuna per US dollar - 7.87 (2002), 8.34 (2001), 8.28 (2000),
7.11 (1999), 6.36 (1998)
Cuba
Cuban pesos per US dollar - 1.0000 (nonconvertible, official
rate, for international transactions, pegged to the US dollar);
convertible peso sold for domestic use at a rate of 1.00 US dollar
per 27 pesos by the Government of Cuba (2002)
Cyprus
Cypriot pounds per US dollar - 0.61 (2002), 0.64 (2001), 0.62
(2000), 0.54 (1999), 0.52 (1998), Turkish lira per US dollar NA
(2002), 1,225,590 (2001), 625,218 (2000), 418,783 (1999), 260,724
(1998)
Czech Republic
koruny per US dollar - 32.74 (2002), 38.04 (2001),
38.6 (2000), 34.57 (1999), 32.28 (1998)
Denmark
Danish kroner per US dollar - 7.89 (2002), 8.32 (2001), 8.08
(2000), 6.98 (1999), 6.7 (1998)
Djibouti
Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.72 (2002), 177.72
(2001), 177.72 (2000), 177.72 (1999), 177.72 (1998)
Dominica
East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2002), 2.7
(2001), 2.7 (2000), 2.7 (1999), 2.7 (1998)
Dominican Republic
Dominican pesos per US dollar - 18.61 (2002),
16.95 (2001), 16.42 (2000), 16.03 (1999), 15.27 (1998)
East Timor
see US dollar
Ecuador
sucres per US dollar - 25,000 (2002), 25,000 (2001),
24,988.4 (2000), 11,786.8 (1999), 5,446.57 (1998)
Egypt
Egyptian pounds per US dollar - 4.5 (2002), 3.97 (2001), 3.47
(2000), 3.4 (1999), 3.39 (1998)
El Salvador
8.75 the US dollar is the legal tender
Equatorial Guinea
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per
US dollar - 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7
(1999), 589.95 (1998)
Eritrea
nakfa (ERN) per US dollar - 9.5 (January 2000), 7.6 (January
1999), 7.2 (March 1998 est.)
Estonia
krooni per US dollar - 16.61 (2002), 17.56 (2001), 16.97
(2000), 14.68 (1999), 14.07 (1998)
Ethiopia
birr per US dollar - NA (2002), 8.46 (2001), 8.22 (2000),
7.94 (1999), 7.12 (1998)
note: since 24 October 2001 exchange rates are determined on a daily
basis via interbank transactions regulated by the Central Bank
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Falkland pounds per US dollar -
0.67 (2002), 0.69 (2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998); note
- the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Faroe Islands
Danish kroner per US dollar - 7.89 (2002), 8.32
(2001), 8.08 (2000), 6.98 (1999), 6.7 (1998)
Fiji
Fijian dollars per US dollar - 2.19 (2002), 2.28 (2001), 2.13
(2000), 1.97 (1999), 1.99 (1998)
Finland
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000),
0.94 (1999)
France
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000),
0.94 (1999)
French Guiana
Euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09
(2000), 0.94 (1999)
French Polynesia
Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US
dollar - 126.41 (2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999),
107.25 (1998)
note: pegged at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro
Gabon
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar -
696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95
(1998)
Gambia, The
dalasi per US dollar - NA (2002), 15.69 (2001), 12.79
(2000), 11.4 (1999), 10.64 (1998)
Gaza Strip
new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057
(2001), 4.0773 (2000), 4.1397 (1999), 3.8001 (1998), 3.4494 (1997)
Georgia
lari per US dollar - 2.2 (2002), 2.07 (2001), 1.98 (2000),
2.02 (1999), 1.39 (1998)
Germany
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000),
0.94 (1999), 1.76 (1998)
Ghana
cedis per US dollar - NA (2002), 7,170.76 (2001), 5,455.06
(2000), 2,669.3 (1999), 2,314.15 (1998)
Gibraltar
Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944
(2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the
Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Greece
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 365.4 (2000),
305.65 (1999), 295.53 (1998)
note: in January 2001, the drachma became a participating currency
within the Eurosystem, and the euro market rate became applicable to
all transactions
Greenland
Danish kroner per US dollar - 7.8947 (2002), 8.323 (2001),
8.083 (2000), 6.976 (1999), 6.701 (1998)
Grenada
East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2002), 2.7
(2001), 2.7 (2000), 2.7 (1999), 2.7 (1998)
Guadeloupe
euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001),
1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995
(1998)
Guam
the US dollar is used
Guatemala
quetzales per US dollar - 7.82 (2002), 7.86 (2001), 7.76
(2000), 7.39 (1999), 6.39 (1998)
Guernsey
Guernsey pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944
(2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the
Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound
Guinea
Guinean francs per US dollar - NA (2002), 1,950.56 (2001),
1,746.87 (2000), 1,387.4 (1999), 1,236.83 (1998)
Guinea-Bissau
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US
dollar - 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999),
589.95 (1998)
note: as of 1 May 1997, Guinea-Bissau adopted the XOF franc as the
national currency; since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc is pegged to
the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro
Guyana
Guyanese dollars per US dollar - NA (2002), 187.32 (2001),
182.43 (2000), 178 (1999), 150.52 (1998)
Haiti
gourdes per US dollar - 29.25 (2002), 24.43 (2001), 21.17
(2000), 16.94 (1999), 16.77 (1998)
Holy See (Vatican City)
euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.1324 (2002),
1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Honduras
lempiras per US dollar - 16.43 (2002), 15.47 (2001), 14.84
(2000), 14.21 (1999), 13.39 (1998)
Hong Kong
Hong Kong dollars per US dollar - 7.8 (2002), 7.8 (2001),
7.79 (2000), 7.76 (1999), 7.75 (1998)
Hungary
forints per US dollar - 257.89 (2002), 286.49 (2001), 282.18
(2000), 237.15 (1999), 214.4 (1998)
Iceland
Icelandic kronur per US dollar - 91.66 (2002), 97.42 (2001),
78.62 (2000), 72.34 (1999), 70.96 (1998)
India
Indian rupees per US dollar - 48.61 (2002), 47.19 (2001),
44.94 (2000), 43.06 (1999), 41.26 (1998)
Indonesia
Indonesian rupiahs per US dollar - 9,311.19 (2002),
10,260.8 (2001), 8,421.77 (2000), 7,855.15 (1999), 10,013.6 (1998)
Iran
rials per US dollar 6,906.96 (2002), 1,753.56 (2001), 1,764.43
(2000), 1,752.93 (1999), 1,751.86 (1998)
note: from 1997 to 2001, Iran had a multi-exchange-rate system; one
of these rates, the official floating exchange rate, by which most
essential goods were imported, averaged 1,750 rials per US dollar;
in March 2002, the multi-exchange-rate system was converged into one
rate at about 7,900 rials per US dollar
Iraq
Iraqi dinars per US dollar - 0.31 (2002), 0.31 (2001), 0.31
(2000), 0.31 (1999), 0.31 (1998), note: fixed official rate since
1982; market rate subject to wide fluctuations
Ireland
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000),
0.94 (1999), 0.7 (1998)
Israel
new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.74 (2002), 4.21 (2001),
4.08 (2000), 4.14 (1999), 3.8 (1998)
Italy
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000),
0.94 (1999)
Jamaica
Jamaican dollars per US dollar - 48.42 (2002), 46 (2001),
42.7 (2000), 39.04 (1999), 36.55 (1998)
Japan
yen per US dollar - 125.39 (2002), 121.53 (2001), 107.77
(2000), 113.91 (1999), 130.91 (1998)
Jersey
Jersey pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001),
0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); the Jersey pound is at
par with the British pound
Jordan
Jordanian dinars per US dollar - 0.71 (2002), 0.71 (2001),
0.71 (2000), 0.71 (1999), 0.71 (1998)
Kazakhstan
tenge per US dollar - 153.28 (2002), 146.74 (2001),
142.13 (2000), 119.52 (1999), 78.3 (1998)
Kenya
Kenyan shillings per US dollar - 78.75 (2002), 78.56 (2001),
76.18 (2000), 70.33 (1999), 60.37 (1998)
Kiribati
Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.84 (2002), 1.93
(2001), 1.72 (2000), 1.55 (1999), 1.59 (1998)
Korea, North
official: North Korean won per US dollar - 150
(December 2002), 2.15 (December 2001), 2.15 (May 1994), 2.13 (May
1992), 2.14 (September 1991), 2.1 (January 1990); market: North
Korean won per US dollar - 300-600 (December 2002), 200 (December
2001)
Korea, South
South Korean won per US dollar - 1,251.09 (2002),
1,290.99 (2001), 1,130.96 (2000), 1,188.82 (1999), 1,401.44 (1998)
Kuwait
Kuwaiti dinars per US dollar - 0.3 (2002), 0.31 (2001), 0.31
(2000), 0.3 (1999), 0.3 (1998)
Kyrgyzstan
soms per US dollar - 46.94 (2002), 48.38 (2001), 47.7
(2000), 39.01 (1999), 20.84 (1998)
Laos
kips per US dollar - 7,562 (2002), 8,954.58 (2001), 7,887.64
(2000), 7,102.02 (1999), 3,298.33 (1998)
Latvia
lati per US dollar - 0.62 (2002), 0.63 (2001), 0.61 (2000),
0.59 (1999), 0.59 (1998)
Lebanon
Lebanese pounds per US dollar - 1,507.5 (2002), 1,507.5
(2001), 1,507.5 (2000), 1,507.84 (1999), 1,516.13 (1998)
Lesotho
maloti per US dollar - 10.54 (2002), 8.61 (2001), 6.94
(2000), 6.11 (1999), 5.53 (1998)
Liberia
Liberian dollars per US dollar - NA (2002), 48.58 (2001),
40.95 (2000), 41.9 (1999), 41.51 (1998)
note: until December 1997, rates were based on a fixed relationship
with the US dollar; beginning in January 1998, rates are market
determined
Libya
Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.2 (2003), 0.6 (2002), 0.51
(2001), 0.5 (2000), 0.39 (1999)
Liechtenstein
Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.5586 (2002), 1.6876
(2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998)
Lithuania
litai per US dollar - 3.68 (2002), 4 (2001), 4 (2000), 4
(1999), 4 (1998)
Luxembourg
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09
(2000), 0.94 (1999)
Macau
patacas per US dollar - 8.03 (2002), 8.03 (2001), 8.03 (2000),
7.99 (1999), 7.98 (1998)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonian denars per US
dollar - 64.35 (2002), 68.04 (2001), 65.9 (2000), 56.9 (1999), 54.46
(1998)
Madagascar
Malagasy francs per US dollar - 6,831.96 (2002), 6,588.49
(2001), 6,767.48 (2000), 6,283.77 (1999), 5,441.4 (1998)
Malawi
Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 76.69 (2002), 72.2 (2001),
59.54 (2000), 44.09 (1999), 31.07 (1998)
Malaysia
ringgits per US dollar - 3.8 (2002), 3.8 (2001), 3.8
(2000), 3.8 (1999), 3.92 (1998)
Maldives
rufiyaa per US dollar - 12.8 (2002), 12.24 (2001), 11.77
(2000), 11.77 (1999), 11.77 (1998)
Mali
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95
(1998)
Malta
Maltese liri per US dollar - 0.43 (2002), 0.45 (2001), 0.44
(2000), 0.4 (1999), 0.39 (1998)
Man, Isle of
Manx pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944
(2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); the Manx pound
is at par with the British pound
Marshall Islands
the US dollar is the legal tender
Martinique
euros per US dollar - 1.06 euros per US dollar - 1.0626
(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs
per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998)
Mauritania
ouguiyas per US dollar - ouguiyas per US dollar - 254.350
(December 2001), 238.923 (2000), 209.514 (1999), 188.476 (1998),
151.853 (1997), 137.222 (1996)
Mauritius
Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 29.96 (2002), 29.13
(2001), 26.25 (2000), 25.19 (1999), 23.99 (1998)
Mayotte
euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001),
1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995
(1998), 5.8367 (1997)
Mexico
Mexican pesos per US dollar - 9.66 (2002), 9.34 (2001), 9.46
(2000), 9.56 (1999), 9.14 (1998)
Micronesia, Federated States of
the US dollar is used 1
Moldova
lei per US dollar - NA (2002), 12.87 (2001), 12.43 (2000),
10.52 (1999), 5.37 (1998)
Monaco
euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001),
1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995
(1998)
Mongolia
togrogs/tugriks per US dollar - 1,134 (2002), 1,097.7
(2001), 1,076.67 (2000), 1,021.87 (1999), 840.83 (1998)
Montserrat
East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate
since 1976)
Morocco
Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 11.02 (2002), 11.3 (2001),
10.63 (2000), 9.8 (1999), 9.6 (1998)
Mozambique
meticais per US dollar - 23,678 (2002), 20,703.6 (2001),
15,447.1 (2000), 13,028.6 (1999), 12,110.2 (1998)
note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as the
weighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of all
transactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public
Namibia
Namibian dollars per US dollar - 10.54 (2002), 8.61 (2001),
6.94 (2000), 6.11 (1999), 5.53 (1998)
Nauru
Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2641 (2002) 1.9320
(2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998)
Nepal
Nepalese rupees per US dollar - 77.88 (2002), 74.95 (2001),
71.09 (2000), 68.24 (1999), 65.98 (1998)
Netherlands
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09
(2000), 0.94 (1999)
Netherlands Antilles
Netherlands Antillean guilders per US dollar -
1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.79 (2000), 1.79 (1999), 1.79 (1998)
New Caledonia
Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US
dollar - 135.04 (January 2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93
(1999), 107.25 (1998)
New Zealand
New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.16 (2002), 2.38
(2001), 2.2 (2000), 1.89 (1999), 1.87 (1998)
Nicaragua
gold cordobas per US dollar - 14.25 (2002), 13.37 (2001),
12.68 (2000), 11.81 (1999), 10.58 (1998)
Niger
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95
(1998)
Nigeria
nairas per US dollar - NA (2002), 111.23 (2001), 101.7
(2000), 92.34 (1999), 21.89 (1998)
Niue
New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002), 2.3776
(2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998)
Norfolk Island
Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.8406 (2002),
1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998)
Northern Mariana Islands
the US dollar is used
Norway
Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 7.98 (2002), 8.99 (2001),
8.8 (2000), 7.8 (1999), 7.55 (1998)
Oman
Omani rials per US dollar - 0.38 (2002), 0.38 (2001), 0.38
(2000), 0.38 (1999), 0.38 (1998)
Pakistan
Pakistani rupees per US dollar - 59.72 (2002), 61.93
(2001), 53.65 (2000), 49.12 (1999), 44.94 (1998)
Palau
the US dollar is used
Panama
balboas per US dollar - 1 (2002), 1 (2001), 1 (2000), 1
(1999), 1 (1998)
Papua New Guinea
kina per US dollar - 3.8 (2002), 3.39 (2001), 2.78
(2000), 2.57 (1999), 2.07 (1998)
Paraguay
guarani per US dollar - 5,720.44 (2002), 4,105.92 (2001),
3,486.35 (2000), 3,119.07 (1999), 2,726.49 (1998)
Peru
nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.52 (2002), 3.51 (2001), 3.49
(2000), 3.38 (1999), 2.93 (1998)
Philippines
Philippine pesos per US dollar - 51.67 (2002), 50.99
(2001), 44.19 (2000), 39.09 (1999), 40.89 (1998)
Pitcairn Islands
New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002),
2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998), 1.5083
(1997)
Poland
zlotych per US dollar - 3.99 (2002), 4.09 (2001), 4.35
(2000), 3.97 (1999), 3.48 (1998)
note: zlotych is the plural form of zloty
Portugal
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09
(2000), 0.94 (1999)
Puerto Rico
the US dollar is used
Qatar
Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.64 (2002), 3.64 (2001), 3.64
(2000), 3.64 (1999), 3.64 (1998)
Reunion
euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001),
1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995
(1998)
Romania
lei per US dollar - 33,055.4 (2002), 29,060.8 (2001),
21,708.7 (2000), 15,332.8 (1999), 8,875.58 (1998)
Russia
Russian rubles per US dollar - 31.27 (2002), 29.17 (2001),
28.13 (2000), 24.62 (1999), 9.71 (1998)
note: the post-1 January 1998 ruble is equal to 1,000 of the pre-1
January 1998 rubles
Rwanda
Rwandan francs per US dollar - 475.37 (2002), 442.99 (2001),
389.7 (2000), 333.94 (1999), 312.31 (1998)
Saint Helena
Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002),
0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998),
Saint Kitts and Nevis
East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7
(2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000), 2.7 (1999), 2.7 (1998)
Saint Lucia
East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2002), 2.7
(2001), 2.7 (2000), 2.7 (1999), 2.7 (1998)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2001),
1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
East Caribbean dollars per US
dollar - 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000), 2.7 (1999), 2.7 (1998)
Samoa
tala per US dollar - 3.37 (2002), 3.48 (2001), 3.29 (2000),
3.01 (1999), 2.95 (1998)
San Marino
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09
(2000), 0.94 (1999)
Sao Tome and Principe
dobras per US dollar - NA (2002), 8,842.11
(2001), 7,978.17 (2000), 7,118.96 (1999), 6,883.24 (1998)
Saudi Arabia
Saudi riyals per US dollar - 3.75 (2002), 3.75 (2001),
3.75 (2000), 3.75 (1999), 3.75 (1998)
Senegal
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95
(1998)
Serbia and Montenegro
new Yugoslav dinars per US dollar - official
rate: 65 (2002), 10.0 (December 1998); black market rate: 14.5
(December 1998)
Seychelles
Seychelles rupees per US dollar - 5.48 (2002), 5.86
(2001), 5.71 (2000), 5.34 (1999), 5.26 (1998)
Sierra Leone
leones per US dollar - 2,099.03 (2002), 1,986.15
(2001), 2,092.12 (2000), 1,804.19 (1999), 1,563.62 (1998)
Singapore
Singapore dollars per US dollar - 1.79 (2002), 1.79
(2001), 1.72 (2000), 1.69 (1999), 1.67 (1998)
Slovakia
koruny per US dollar - 45.33 (2002), 48.35 (2001), 46.04
(2000), 41.36 (1999), 35.23 (1998)
Slovenia
tolars per US dollar - 240.25 (2002), 242.75 (2001), 222.66
(2000), 181.77 (1999), 166.13 (1998)
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands dollars per US dollar - NA (2002),
NA (2001), 5.09 (2000), 4.84 (1999), 4.82 (1998)
Somalia
Somali shillings per US dollar - 11,000 (November 2000),
2,620 (January 1999), 7,500 (November 1997 est.), 7,000 (January
1996 est.), 5,000 (1 January 1995)
note: the Republic of Somaliland, a self-declared independent
country not recognized by any foreign government, issues its own
currency, the Somaliland shilling
South Africa
rand per US dollar - 10.54 (2002), 8.61 (2001), 6.94
(2000), 6.11 (1999), 5.53 (1998)
Spain
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000),
0.94 (1999)
Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan rupees per US dollar - 95.66 (2002), 89.38
(2001), 77.01 (2000), 70.64 (1999), 64.45 (1998)
Sudan
Sudanese dinars per US dollar - 263.31 (2002), 258.7 (2001),
257.12 (2000), 252.55 (1999), 200.8 (1998)
Suriname
Surinamese guilders per US dollar - 2,346.75 (2002),
2,178.5 (2001), 1,322.47 (2000), 859.44 (1999), 401 (1998)
note: during 1998, the exchange rate splintered into four distinct
rates; in January 1999 the government floated the guilder, but
subsequently fixed it when the black-market rate plunged; the
government currently allows trading within a band of SRG 500 around
the official rate
Svalbard
Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917
(2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998)
Swaziland
emalangeni per US dollar - 10.54 (2002), 8.61 (2001), 6.94
(2000), 6.11 (1999), 5.53 (1998)
Sweden
Swedish kronor per US dollar - 9.74 (2002), 10.33 (2001),
9.16 (2000), 8.26 (1999), 7.95 (1998)
Switzerland
Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.56 (2002), 1.69 (2001),
1.69 (2000), 1.5 (1999), 1.45 (1998)
Syria
Syrian pounds per US dollar - (Official rate): 11.23 (2002),
11.23 (2001), 11.23 (2000), 11.23 (1999), 11.23 (1998), (Free market
rate): 49.65 (2001), 49.4 (2000), 51.7 (1999), 52 (1998)
Taiwan
34.88 (2002), 34.74 (2001), 33.09 (2000), 31.6 (1999)
Tajikistan
Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.7 (2002), 2.37
(2001), 2.08 (2000), 1.24 (1999), 0.78 (1998)
note: the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000,
with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles
Tanzania
Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - NA (2002), 876.41
(2001), 800.41 (2000), 744.76 (1999), 664.67 (1998)
Thailand
baht per US dollar - 42.96 (2002), 44.43 (2001), 40.11
(2000), 37.81 (1999), 41.36 (1998)
Togo
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95
(1998)
Tokelau
New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.154 (2002), 2.3776
(2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997)
Tonga
pa'anga per US dollar NA (2002), 2.12 (2001), 1.76 (2000), 1.6
(1999), 1.49 (1998)
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.24
(2002), 6.23 (2001), 6.3 (2000), 6.3 (1999), 6.3 (1998)
Tunisia
Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.42 (2002), 1.44 (2001),
1.37 (2000), 1.19 (1999), 1.14 (1998)
Turkey
NA (2002), 1,225,590 (2001), 625,218 (2000), 418,783 (1999),
260,724 (1998), 151,865 (1997)
Turkmenistan
Turkmen manats per US dollar - 5,200 (2002), 5,200
(2001), 5,200 (2000), 5,200 (1999), 4,890.17 (1998); note - the
official exchange rate has not varied for the last four years; the
unofficial rate has fluctuated slightly, hovering around 21,000
manats to the dollar
Turks and Caicos Islands
the US dollar is used
Tuvalu
Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.8406
(2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998)
Uganda
Ugandan shillings per US dollar - 1,797.55 (2002), 1,755.66
(2001), 1,644.48 (2000), 1,454.83 (1999), 1,240.31 (1998)
Ukraine
hryvnia per US dollar - 5.33 (2002), 5.37 (2001), 5.44
(2000), 4.13 (1999), 2.45 (1998)
United Arab Emirates
Emirati dirhams per US dollar - 3.67 (2002),
3.67 (2001), 3.67 (2000), 3.67 (1999), 3.67 (1998)
United Kingdom
British pounds per US dollar - 0.67 (2002), 0.69
(2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998)
United States
British pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944
(2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), Canadian
dollars per US dollar - 1.5693 (2002), 1.5488 (2001), 1.4851 (2000),
1.4857 (1999), 1.4835 (1998), Japanese yen per US dollar - 125.39
(2002), 121.53 (2001), 107.77 (2000), 113.91 (1999), 130.91 (1998),
euros per US dollar - 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.08540 (2000),
0.93863 (1999)
note: financial institutions in France, Italy, and Germany and eight
other European countries started using the euro on 1 January 1999
with the euro replacing the local currency in consenting countries
for all transactions in 2002
Uruguay
Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 21.26 (2002), 13.32 (2001),
12.1 (2000), 11.34 (1999), 10.47 (1998)
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistani sums per US dollar - 970 (2002), 325 (2001),
236.61 (2000), 124.63 (1999), 94.49 (1998)
Vanuatu
vatu per US dollar - 139.2 (2002), 145.31 (2001), 137.64
(2000), 129.08 (1999), 127.52 (1998)
Venezuela
bolivares per US dollar - 1,160.44 (2002), 723.67 (2001),
679.96 (2000), 605.72 (1999), 547.56 (1998)
Vietnam
dong per US dollar - 15,325.8 (2002), 14,725.2 (2001),
14,167.7 (2000), 13,943.2 (1999), 13,268 (1998)
Virgin Islands
the US dollar is used
Wallis and Futuna
Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per
US dollar - 126.41 (2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.43 (2000), 111.93
(1999), 107.25 (1998)
West Bank
new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057
(2001), 4.0773 (2000), 4.1397 (1999), 3.8001 (1998), 3.4494 (1997);
Jordanian dinars per US dollar - fixed rate of 0.7090 (from 1996)
Western Sahara
Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 11.584 (2002),
11.303 (2001), 10.626 (2000), 9.804 (1999), 9.604 (1998), 9.527
(1997)
Yemen
Yemeni rials per US dollar - NA (2002), 168.67 (2001), 161.72
(2000), 155.72 (1999), 135.88 (1998)
Zambia
Zambian kwacha per US dollar - NA (2002), 3,610.93 (2001),
3,110.84 (2000), 2,388.02 (1999), 1,862.07 (1998)
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar - 55 (2002), 55.05 (2001),
44.42 (2000), 38.3 (1999), 23.68 (1998)