Economy - overview:
Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy
depends heavily on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP,
provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force.
Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops
to only 4% of the land area. Industry traditionally featured the
processing of agricultural products and light consumer goods. The
World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors
have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's out-of-date economic
infrastructure and to alleviate poverty. Growth in 1991-2002
featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial
increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Oil and gas exploration
and development played an important role in this growth. Recent
banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and
investment. Continued donor support and solid macroeconomic policies
should support continued real GDP growth of 5% in 2003.
GDP:
purchasing power parity - $20.42 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
6.1% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $600 (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 48.1%
industry: 15.4%
services: 36.5% (2001 est.)
Population below poverty line:
36% (2002 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 30.1% (1993)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
38.2 (1993)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
4.8% (2002 est.)
Labor force:
13.495 million
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues: $1.01 billion
expenditures: $1.38 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(FY 00/01 est.)
Industries:
agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine),
diamond and gold mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood
products, fertilizer, salt
Industrial production growth rate:
8.4% (1999 est.)
Electricity - production:
2.906 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 18.9%
hydro: 81.1%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption:
2.752 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:
50 million kWh (2001)
Oil - production:
0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:
17,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:
NA (2001)
Oil - imports:
NA (2001)
Oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl (37257)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
11.33 billion cu m (37257)
Agriculture - products:
coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from
chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava
(tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
Exports:
$863 million f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities:
gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton
Exports - partners:
India 15.2%, Japan 12.4%, Netherlands 9.2%, UK 6.8%, Belgium 6.5%,
Kenya 5.9%, Germany 4.8% (2002)
Imports:
$1.67 billion f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities:
consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial
raw materials, crude oil
Imports - partners:
South Africa 12.7%, China 7.9%, Kenya 6.6%, India 6.3%, UK 6%,
Japan 4.5%, US 4%, Australia 4% (2002)
Debt - external:
$6.8 billion (2002 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
$963 million (1997)
Currency:
Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Currency code:
TZS
Exchange rates:
Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - NA (2002), 876.41 (2001),
800.41 (2000), 744.76 (1999), 664.67 (1998)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June