Economy - overview:
Mexico has a free market economy with a mixture of modern and
outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the
private sector. Recent administrations have expanded competition in
seaports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity, natural gas
distribution, and airports. Income distribution remains highly
unequal. Trade with the US and Canada has tripled since the
implementation of NAFTA in 1994. Following 6.9% growth in 2000, real
GDP fell 0.3% in 2001, recovering to only a plus 1% in 2002, with
the US slowdown the principal cause. Mexico implemented free trade
agreements with Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and the European
Free Trade Area in 2001, putting more than 90% of trade under free
trade agreements. Foreign direct investment reached $25 billion in
2001, of which $12.5 billion came from the purchase of Mexico's
second-largest bank, Banamex, by Citigroup.
GDP:
purchasing power parity - $924.4 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
0.7% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $8,900 (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 5%
industry: 26%
services: 69% (2001 est.)
Population below poverty line:
40% (2001 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 41.1% (2001)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
53.1 (1998)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
6.4% (2002 est.)
Labor force:
39.8 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 20%, industry 24%, services 56% (1998)
Unemployment rate:
urban - 3% plus considerable underemployment (2002)
Budget:
revenues: $136 billion
expenditures: $140 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(2001 est.)
Industries:
food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum,
mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables,
tourism
Industrial production growth rate:
4.9% (2002 est.)
Electricity - production:
198.6 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 78.7%
hydro: 14.2%
other: 2.9% (2001)
nuclear: 4.2%
Electricity - consumption:
186.7 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:
77 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:
2.068 billion kWh (2001)
Oil - production:
3.59 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:
1.507 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:
1.881 million bbl/day (2001)
Oil - imports:
374,700 bbl/day (2001)
Oil - proved reserves:
25.03 billion bbl (37257)
Natural gas - production:
36.87 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
38.84 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
254 million cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
2.967 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
969.2 billion cu m (37257)
Agriculture - products:
corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit,
tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products
Exports:
$158.4 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Exports - commodities:
manufactured goods, oil and oil products, silver, fruits,
vegetables, coffee, cotton
Exports - partners:
US 82.7%, Canada 5.4%, Japan 1.1% (2002)
Imports:
$168.4 billion f.o.b. (2002)
Imports - commodities:
metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery,
electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor
vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts
Imports - partners:
US 70.6%, Germany 3.5%, Japan 2.7% (2002)
Debt - external:
$150 billion (2000 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
$1.166 billion (1995)
Currency:
Mexican peso (MXN)
Currency code:
MXN
Exchange rates:
Mexican pesos per US dollar - 9.66 (2002), 9.34 (2001), 9.46
(2000), 9.56 (1999), 9.14 (1998)
Fiscal year:
calendar year