Economy - overview:
Estonia, as a new member of the World Trade Organization, is
steadily moving toward a modern market economy with increasing ties
to the West, including the pegging of its currency to the euro. The
economy benefits from strong electronics and telecoms sectors. A
major goal is accession to the EU, possibly by 2004. The economy is
greatly influenced by developments in Finland, Sweden, and Germany,
three major trading partners. The high current account deficit
remains a concern.
GDP:
purchasing power parity - $15.52 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
6% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $11,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 5.8%
industry: 28.6%
services: 65.6% (2001)
Population below poverty line:
NA% (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 29.8% (1998)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
37 (1999)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
3.7% (2002 est.)
Labor force:
608,600 (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
industry 20%, agriculture 11%, services 69% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate:
12.4% (2001)
Budget:
revenues: $1.89 billion
expenditures: $1.89 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(2002 est.)
Industries:
engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textile;
information technology, telecommunications
Industrial production growth rate:
5% (2000 est.)
Electricity - production:
7.937 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 99.8%
hydro: 0.1%
other: 0.2% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption:
6.192 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:
1.19 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2001)
Oil - production:
5,100 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:
24,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:
NA (2001)
Oil - imports:
NA (2001)
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
1.27 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
1.27 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products:
potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish
Exports:
$3.4 billion f.o.b. (2002)
Exports - commodities:
machinery and equipment 33%, wood and paper 15%, textiles 14%, food
products 8%, furniture 7%, metals, chemical products (2001)
Exports - partners:
Finland 19.2%, Sweden 13.2%, UK 10.6%, Latvia 7.4%, Germany 7.2%
(2002)
Imports:
$4.4 billion f.o.b. (2002)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment 33.5%, chemical products 11.6%, textiles
10.3%, foodstuffs 9.4%, transportation equipment 8.9% (2001)
Imports - partners:
Russia 26.6%, Finland 18.9%, Germany 9.2%, Sweden 8.2% (2002)
Debt - external:
$3.3 billion (2001 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
$108 million (2000)
Currency:
Estonian kroon (EEK)
Currency code:
EEK
Exchange rates:
krooni per US dollar - 16.61 (2002), 17.56 (2001), 16.97 (2000),
14.68 (1999), 14.07 (1998)
Fiscal year:
calendar year