North Wales, and is situated at the north western extremity of the
principality. It is watered on three sides by the Irish sea, and
separated on the eastern side from Caernarvonshire, by the serpentine
strait of Menai, from three-quarters to half a mile broad. Its form is
irregular, being indented with many small bays and creeks, which gave it
some maritime importance under its native princes. It has received
numerous appellations from the ancient Britons; the most approved of
which was Mon, signifying remote, Latinised by the Romans into Mona, the
"nurse of Wales," from its fruitfulness; and changed by the Saxons into
Angles-ey, or the Englishman's Island. It was the principal
establishment of the Druids in Britain, until this island was invaded by
the Romans, A.D. 59, under Suetonius Paulinus, who ordered their groves
to be cut down, and stationed a garrison to insure obedience. The
climate of Anglesey is mild, and the sea-breezes render the weather more
temperate here than in the other counties of North Wales, although from
the same cause it is less clear: that portion of the island which
borders on the Menai, the site of the terrific Druidical groves, is
richly wooded. The interior, on the contrary, owing to the great
scarcity of fuel, has been rendered nearly devoid of wood; and the
greater part of the island possesses little of hill and dale beyond a
gentle and undiversified undulation of surface; its general aspect is
uninviting and cheerless. The land, however, is good, and under proper
management very productive, as respects both tillage and pasturage.
About 25,000 head of black cattle (exclusive of sheep and hogs), are
annually supplied to the English market, where they are much admired for
their flavour and tenderness, occasioned by the short bite of the
pasturage on which they feed. Before the erection of the suspension
bridge, the passage of the numerous droves of cattle at the five
authorized ferries of the Menai, was a very extraordinary sight; they
were made to swim over, guided by the drovers in boats. Butter, cheese,
hides, tallow, wax, and honey, form also great articles of trade here;
throughout the island there are but few manufactures of any importance.
The shore abounds in some of the most highly prized marine productions,
and is especially celebrated for the variety and beauty of its sea
shells. Anglesey is as interesting to the antiquary, as to the natural
philosopher. The ancient British vestiges are very numerous; comprising
no less than twenty-eight cromlechs, or Druidical altars, together with
circles, monumental stones, entrenchments, and other remains of a
similar description, both British and Roman, which will receive
attention in their proper places; several of the parish churches (of
which the whole, seventy-four, stand near the coast), with various
monastic remains, also deserve examination on the score of antiquity.
Mona, now Anglesey, was the chief seat of the Druids, A.D. 59. Suetonius
Paulinus, in the reign of Nero, was invested with the command of an
army, and prepared to signalize his name by victories over those
barbarians. Finding this island the chief seat of the Druids, he
resolved to attack it, and bring into subjection a place which was the
centre of their superstition, and which afforded protection to all their
baffled forces. The Britons endeavoured to obstruct his landing on this
sacred island, both by the force of their arms, and the terrors of their
religion. The women and priests were intermingled with the soldiers upon
the shore; and running about with flaming torches in their hands, and
tossing their disheveled hair, they struck greater terror into the
astonished Romans by their howlings, cries and execrations, than the
real danger from the armed forces was able to inspire. But Suetonius,
exhorting his troops to disregard the menaces of a superstition which he
despised, impelled them to the attack, drove the Britons off the field,
burned the Druids in the same fires which those priests had prepared for
their captive enemies; destroyed all their consecrated groves and
altars--and having thus triumphed over the religion of the Britons, he
thought his future progress would be easy in reducing the people to
subjection; but in this expectation he was disappointed. The
circumference of the island is seventy-six miles. The sea-passage from
Holyhead to Dublin, is about sixty miles, which is now traversed by
steam packets daily. Next to agriculture, and the rearing of cattle,
mining affords most employment to the labouring population; a great
number of persons are also engaged in fishing and catching wild-fowl,
round the coast. It comprises 200,000 acres of land.
[Sidenote: Originally the principal establishment of the Druids.]
[Sidenote: Annual exportation of cattle.]
[Sidenote: Prized for its marine productions.]
[Sidenote: Invasion of the Romans]
[Sidenote: The Druids burnt in the fires they had prepared for their
enemies.]
Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+--+----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
37 |Agmering pa|Sussex |L. Hampton 4|Arundel 4|
46 |Angram to|N.R. York |Tadcaster 3|Wetherby 7|
43 |Angram Grange to|N.R. York |Easingwold 4|Thirsk 7|
29 |Anick to|Northumb |Hexham 2|Corbridge 3|
29 |Anick Grange to|Northumb | ... 2| ... 3|
46 |Anlaby to|E.R. York |Hull 4|Beverley 7|
27 |Anmer pa|Norfolk |Castle Rising 6|Burnham M. 10|
30 |Annesley pa|Nottingham|Mansfield 6|Nottingham 10|
39 |Ansley[A] pa|Warwick |Nuneaton 5|Atherstone 3|
35 |Anslow, or Annesley to|Stafford |Burton-on-T. 3|Uttoxeter 9|
+--+----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
|Dist.|
Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+--+----------------------+--------------------------+-------------+
37 |Agmering pa|Steyning 8| 58| 928|
46 |Angram to|York 6| 194| 67|
43 |Angram Grange to|Borobridge 11| 217| 28|
29 |Anick to|Newcastle 18| 278| 163|
29 |Anick Grange to| ... 18| 278| 36|
46 |Anlaby to|South Cave 7| 171| |
27 |Anmer pa|Lynn 11| 106| 132|
30 |Annesley pa|Newsted Ab. 3| 134| 402|
39 |Ansley[A] pa|Coventry 9| 101| 773|
35 |Anslow, or Annesley to|Abbots Brom 8| 128| 270|
+--+----------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
[A] ANSLEY became the property of the Ludford family, by purchase, in
1613. Ansley Hall, an irregular but commodious residence, the manorial
seat of John Newdigate Ludford, Esq., is situated in an extensive park,
rich in natural and artificial beauties, containing a hermitage erected
with the materials of an ancient oratory, in which Warton, who visited
it in 1758, left his beautiful verses, beginning:--
Beneath this stony roof reclined,
I sooth to peace my pensive mind.
On an insulated spot is also a Chinese temple, or cell, which contains a
monument of the Purefoy family, removed from Caldecote Church in 1796.
Ansley church has some remains of Saxon and early Norman architecture,
and a square tower of remarkable beauty at the west end.
[Sidenote: A hermitage and Chinese temple.]
Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
18|Anstey[A] pa|Herts |Barkway 3|Buntingford 4|
23|Anstey chap|Leicester |Leicester 4|Mount Sorrel 5|
39|Anstey pa|Warwick |Coventry 5|Nuneaton 6|
41|Anstey pa|Wilts |Hindon 5|Shaftesbury 6|
11|Anstey, East pa|Devon |Dulverton 3|S. Moulton 10|
11|Anstey, West pa|Devon | ... 4| ... 9|
45|Anston to & pa|W.R. York |Worksop 6|Tickhill 7|
8|Anthony, St. pa|Cornwall |Falmouth 5|Helston 8|
8|Anthony, St. pa|Cornwall |St. Mawes 2|Falmouth 3|
27|Antingham pa|Norfolk |N. Walsham 3|Cromer 6|
8|Anthony, West, or St.| | | |
| Jacobs[B] pa|Cornwall |Devonport 4|Saltash 4|
7|Antrobus to|Chester |Northwich 4|Warrington 8|
24|Anwick pa|Lincoln |Sleaford 5|Tattershall 8|
28|Apethorpe chap|Northamp |Wandesford 4|Stamford 7|
24|Apley chap|Lincoln |Wragby 2|Lincoln 10|
15|Apperley ham|Gloucester|Tewkesbury 4|Cheltenham 6|
24|Appleby[C] pa|Lincoln |Glandford B. 7|Burton 5|
+--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
|Dist.|
Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
18|Anstey[A] pa|Stocking Pel. 4| 33| 417|
23|Anstey chap|Loughboro' 8| 100| 850|
39|Anstey pa|Rugby 10| 93| 268|
41|Anstey pa|Wilton 9| 95| 348|
11|Anstey, East pa|Bampton 6| 169| 166|
11|Anstey, West pa| ... 7| 169| 226|
45|Anston to & pa|Sheffield 10| 152| 776|
8|Anthony, St. pa|Lizard Point 12| 275| 300|
8|Anthony, St. pa|Truro 9| 270| 144|
27|Antingham pa|Aylesham 6| 126| 248|
8|Anthony, West, or St.| | | |
| Jacobs[B] pa|St. Germains 3| 123| 3099|
7|Antrobus to|Frodsham 11| 179| 476|
24|Anwick pa|Metheringh 9| 120| 235|
28|Apethorpe chap|Oundle 6| 84| 297|
24|Apley chap|Horncastle 12| 143| 152|
15|Apperley ham|Glocester 6| 104| 401|
24|Appleby[C] pa|Barton 8| 163| 517|
+--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
[A] ANSTEY. In this village are the remains of a castle, built in the
reign of the Conqueror, by Eustace, Earl of Boulogne, for the purpose of
keeping the English in greater subjection; it was demolished in the time
of Henry III., and the parish church formed of its materials. The moat
surrounding the mount upon which the keep was built, with additional
works made in the reign of King John, still remains. In the south aisle
of the church is an ancient monument, with the effigies, as
traditionally reported, of Richard de Anstre the founder. The Roman road
called Ermine Street, passes through this village.
[Sidenote: Ruins of a Castle.]
[B] ST. ANTHONY, consists of the two manors of East and West Anthony,
formerly in the Dawney family, but now in that of the Carews. East
Anthony House, the seat of the Right Hon. Reginald Pole Carew, M.P., is
situated on a branch of the Lynher Creek, nearly opposite Trematon
Castle. It is a large square building, of Pentuan stone, finished by
Gibbs the architect, about the year 1721. This mansion contains a
respectable collection of old portraits, amongst which is one of Richard
Carew, the historian, with a device of a diamond on an anvil, with a
hammer suspended over it. The church contains several monuments well
deserving attention. Besides numerous memorials of the Carew family,
there is in the chancel, the form of a lady, on a brass plate, beneath
an elegant gothic canopy, in memory of Margery Arundell, who died Lady
of the Manor in the early part of the fifteenth century. Sir Alexander
Carew, a gentleman of large property, and one of the representatives of
the county, at the commencement of the civil wars, being averse to the
measures of the court, and having been intrusted by Parliament with the
command of St. Michael's Island and Fort, he attempted to deliver them
into the King's possession; but the design being discovered to the
Parliament, he was suddenly seized and carried prisoner to Plymouth, and
there the women were so enraged against him, that it was with difficulty
he was rescued from their vengeance. From thence he was conveyed by sea
to London, where he was expelled by the Commons, and being tried by a
court-martial, was found guilty and beheaded on Tower Hill, December 23,
1644. WEST ANTHONY, or St. Jacobs. This is a very pleasing
village, which has risen into importance from its proximity to the towns
of Devonport, Plymouth and Stonehouse; it is a favourite residence of
the officers connected with the dockyards and navy at these important
towns. Near this place is Mount Edgecomb, the residence of the Earl of
that title; it is celebrated for the beauty of its situation, near the
sea, and being a much admired stroll for the inhabitants of, and
visitors to Plymouth.
[Sidenote: Mount Edgecomb.]
[Sidenote: Seat of the Carew family.]
[Sidenote: Sir A. Crew beheaded.]
[C] APPLEBY is situate on the river Ancholme, which rises in the wolds
near Market Raisin, whence, it takes a northerly direction near
Glandford Bridge, it is navigable to the Humber for barges of small
burden. That very ancient British road--the Ermine-street--passes
through the village. This line of road was afterwards adopted by the
Romans; it enters the county to the west of Stamford, and preserving
nearly a due northerly direction, passing through the city of Lincoln,
continues its course to the banks of the Humber; it is cast up to a
great height, and is in some places seven yards in breadth.
Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+--+------------------------+-------------+--------+-------------+
10|Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] pa|Derb. & Leic.|Ashby 6|M. Bosworth 7|
40|Appleby[B] m.t. & pa| Westmor |Brough 8|Penrith 14|
+--+------------------------+-------------+--------+-------------+
|Dist.|
Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+--+------------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
10|Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] pa|Atherstone 7| 112| 1150|
40|Appleby[B] m.t. & pa|Orton 9| 270| 1459|
+--+------------------------+---------------------+------+-------+
[A] APPLEBY, a populous village, which connects the four counties of
Leicester, Derby, Stafford, and Warwick. Here is a free grammar school
for 100 boys, founded by Sir John Moore, in 1697.
[B] APPLEBY. This town is situated on the river Eden, by which it is
almost surrounded, and by some antiquaries it is supposed to occupy the
site of the Roman station Aballaba. It has been the county town since
the reign of Edward the Confessor. It is governed by a Mayor, Aldermen,
and capital Burgesses; the Mayor having authority to arrest for any sum
without limitation. Appleby did send two representatives to Parliament,
but has been disfranchised by the Reform Bill. It has many times been
assailed by the Scots, who burnt it in 1388; and in 1598 it suffered
seriously by a pestilence, from which time it has never recovered its
former size and consequence. The town at present consists of one broad
street, built irregularly on the slope of a hill, at the upper part of
which stands the castle, which is of early Norman, if not of Saxon
origin; and at the lower end the parish church. The ancient market
houses or cloisters, were pulled down in 1811, and a handsome gothic
building, erected by Smirke, in their stead. Here are also a town-hall
and gaol; and at each end of the town stands a stone obelisk or cross.
Appleby received charters from Hen. II., John, and Hen. III., all which
were given up to James II., since which period it has subsisted as a
borough by prescription. Crackenthorpe Hall, a manorial residence in
this parish, was from the earliest period of authenticated record, the
mansion of the Machels, a Saxon family, who eventually alienated it to
the late Earl of Lonsdale. Near this seat, which is at present
neglected, is a Roman camp 300 yards long and 150 yards broad, with
three entrances, and a watch tower or fort, at the distance of bow-shot.
Appleby has produced some eminent characters, among whom should be
noticed Thomas de Veripont, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1255. Thomas de
Appleby, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1363. Roger de Appleby, Bishop of
Ossory, in 1404; and Dr. Christopher Potter, Provost of Queen's College,
Oxford, Prebendary of Windsor, and Dean of Worcester; the last named was
vice-chancellor of Oxford when the civil wars of Charles I. broke out,
and sent all his plate to the king, stating that he would drink as
Diogenes did, from the hollow of his hand, before his majesty should
want. Here is a free Grammar School, richly endowed, which is open to
all the children of the town upon paying 2s. 6d. per quarter to the
Master; and also five scholarships, founded by the Earl of Thanet at
Queen's College, Oxford, and entitled to participate in five exhibitions
of L60. per annum at the same college, on the foundation of Lady
Elizabeth Hastings. An Hospital for thirteen widows, founded by the
celebrated Anne, Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery, heiress of the
Cliffords, the possessors of the castle for several centuries; by the
marriage of whose eldest daughter it became the property of the family
of Tufton, Earl of Thanet. The main portion of the present castle which
is of a square form, was built in 1686 out of the ruins of a part of the
former, by Thomas, Earl of Thanet. Appleby Castle survived the attacks
of the Parliamentary Army, under the influence of its owner, the
aforesaid Countess Anne, but was compelled to yield in 1648. The church
of St. Lawrence, which was partly built by the same spirited lady,
contains a noble monument to her memory. The market is one of the best
supplied with corn in its vicinity. It however possesses but little
trade, and no manufacture of importance.
_Market_, Saturday--_Mail_ arrives at 1-1/2 A.M., departs 11-3/4
P.M.--_Fairs_, October 7 and 8, for sheep, &c; November 24, for
sheep and oxen; November 5, for pigs.
[Sidenote: Burnt by the Scots.]
[Sidenote: Eminent characters born here.]
[Sidenote: Appleby castle.]
Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+--+-------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
11|Appledore pa|Devon |Bideford 2|Torrington 11|
21|Appledore[A] m.t. & pa|Kent |Tenterden 4|New Romney 7|
38|Appledram pa|Sussex |Chichester 2|Portsmouth 16|
16|Appledurcombe ham|Hants |Newport 6|Niton 3|
5|Appleford chap|Berks |Abingdon 4|Dorchester 3|
16|Appleshaw,[B] vil. & chap|Hants |Ludgershall 4|Andover 5|
40|Applethwaite[C] to|Westmor |Ambleside 5|Bowness 3|
4|Appleton[D] to & pa|Berks |Abingdon 5|Oxford 6|
22|Appleton to|Lancashire|Warrington 7|Prescot 5|
44|Appleton to|N.R. York |Catterick 3|Richmond 4|
43|Appleton-le-Moors to|N.R. York |Pickering 5|Kirkby 3|
43|Appleton-le-Street to|N.R. York |New Malton 4|Pickering 7|
46|Appleton Roebuck to|N.R. York |York 7|Selby 8|
44|Appleton on Wisk to|N.R. York |Yarm 7|Northallerton 7|
30|Appletree ham|Northamp |Banbury 7|Daventry 10|
44|Appletrewick[E] to|N.R. York |Skipton 8|Settle 16|
+--+-------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
|Dist.|
Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
11|Appledore pa|Barnstaple 7| 204| 1450|
21|Appledore[A] m.t. & pa|Rye 6| 61| 698|
38|Appledram pa|Petersfield 13| 64| 188|
16|Appledurcombe ham|Shanklin 3| 91| ...|
5|Appleford chap|Wallingford 6| 52| 179|
16|Appleshaw,[B] vil. & chap|Salisbury 13| 68| 355|
40|Applethwaite[C] to|Kendall 8| 270| 417|
4|Appleton[D] to & pa|Wantage 10| 61| 447|
22|Appleton to|Liverpool 11| 195| 1439|
44|Appleton to|Bedale 6| 228| 83|
43|Appleton-le-Moors to|Helmsley 8| 231| 269|
43|Appleton-le-Street to|York 18| 218| 860|
46|Appleton Roebuck to|Tadcaster 5| 189| 638|
44|Appleton on Wisk to|Darlington 11| 232| 553|
30|Appletree ham|Southam 9| 77| 83|
44|Appletrewick[E] to|Burnsall 1| 224| 425|
+--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
[A] APPLEDORE is situated on the banks of the river Rother, in the
hundred of Blackburn, lathe of Scray, and was a place of some maritime
consequence in the reign of Alfred. The town is at present chiefly
inhabited by graziers and others employed in the marshes, to which it is
very near. The church is built on the foundation of a castle or fort,
which had been erected by the Danes, who sailed up to this town in the
year 893.
_Market_. Tuesday.--_Fairs_. Jan. 11, and 4th Mon. in June for cattle
and pedlery.
[Sidenote: Principally inhabited by Graziers.]
[B] APPLESHAW.--Great Show Fair, Friday and Saturday before Weyhill
Fair. Nov. 4 and 5, all for sheep.
[C] APPLETHWAITE. All the fisheries on the lovely lake of Winandermere
belong to the inhabitants of this thriving village, and subject only to
a tithe of the fish caught to the Rector of Winandermere, who makes
composition for the same, by a sum prescribed by each boat. The red
char, esteemed so great a delicacy, is said to be peculiar to the lakes
of Winandermere and Ullswater; this delicious fish is taken in nets
during the months of October and May, when they are potted and sent to
different parts of the kingdom. About the beginning of September a grand
regatta is given on the lucid waters of the lake, attended by families
of the first distinction.
[Sidenote: Lake of Winandermere.]
[Sidenote: Grand Regatta.]
[D] APPLETON. This village was the birth place of the famous physician
and chemist, Edmund Dickinson, who was born in the year 1624. At 20
years of age he went to the university of Oxford; in 1655, (he published
a work to prove) that the Greeks borrowed the story of the Pythian
Apollo, and all that related to the Oracle of Delphos, from the Holy
Scriptures. In consequence of some excellent cures, he was appointed
Physician to Charles II., and afterwards became a convert to the
doctrine of the Transmutation of Metals; and wrote a work, the object of
which is to prove, "that the method and mode of the creation of the
universe, (according to the principles of true philosophy,) are strictly
and concisely laid down by Moses." He died in 1707.
[Sidenote: Birth place of the learned Edmund Dickinson]
[E] APPLETREWICK. In this village was born William Craven, the founder
of the noble House of Craven, who by his industry and good conduct arose
from an humble station to the dignity of Lord Mayor of London--a proof
of the advantages attendant on industry.
[Sidenote: House of Craven.]
Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------------+
4|Arborfield[A] to|Berks |Wokingham 5|Swallowfield 3|
22|Arbury to|Lancaster|Newton 3|Warrington 2|
7|Arclid to|Chester |Sandbach 2|Congleton 5|
45|Arden to|W.R. York|Thirsk 10|Stokesley 11|
38|Ardingley[B] pa|Sussex |Cuckfield 4|E. Grinstead 7|
4|Ardington pa|Berks |Wantage 3|Abingdon 8|
14|Ardleigh pa|Essex |Colchester 5|Manningtree 4|
31|Ardley pa|Oxford |Bicester 4|Middleton 3|
45|Ardsley to|W.R. York|Barnsley 2|Wakefield 11|
45|Ardsley,[C] East & West to & pa|W.R. York|Wakefield 5|Leeds 6|
+--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------------+
|Dist.|Popul
Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|-ation.
+--+-------------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
4|Arborfield[A] to|Reading 4| 36| 268|
22|Arbury to|Liverpool 18| 186| 280|
7|Arclid to|Middlewich 6| 162| 79|
45|Arden to|Kirkby 10| 227| 130|
38|Ardingley[B] pa|Crawley 7| 33| 587|
4|Ardington pa|East Ilsley 7| 57| 404|
14|Ardleigh pa|Dedham 2| 56| 1545|
31|Ardley pa|Aynhoe 5| 58| 170|
45|Ardsley to|Rotherham 8| 172| 1029|
45|Ardsley,[C] East & West to & pa|Huddersfield 11| 187| 2303|
+--+-------------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
[A] ARBORFIELD, in the hundred of Sonning. In this parish, near the
church, is an ancient Manor-house, well worthy of the observation of the
Antiquary; it was built by the family of the Standens, who were Lords of
the Manor in the 17th century. The last male heir of this ancient family
was Edward Standen, the person alluded to in the popular ballad of Molly
Mogg.
_Fair_, October 5, cattle.
[Sidenote: Molly Mogg.]
[B] ARDINGLEY. In the parish church are several monuments of the ancient
families of the Wakehursts and Culpeppers; one of which is a tomb to the
memory of Nicholas Culpepper and his lady, who died in the beginning of
the sixteenth century. This monument bears his portraiture with that of
his wife and eighteen children. Nicholas Culpepper, the celebrated
herbalist and astrologer, was born in London in 1616, and after
receiving his education at the university of Cambridge, was apprenticed
to an apothecary. He came to London and settled in Spitalfields about
1642. He commenced a war with the College of Physicians, by accusing
them of deceit and ignorance, and published a translation of their
"Dispensary," giving an account of the supposed virtues of each drug,
and the complaints in which they were used. He was also author of the
"Herbal," which is written with much clearness, and distinctly
explained. It passed through many editions. From the tenor of his
writings, it may be gathered that he joined or at least favoured the
Jesuits.
_Fair_, May 30, Pedlary.
[Sidenote: Culpepper, the herbalist and astrologer.]
[C] ARDSLEY. The birth place of James Nayler, a Quaker, who was
remarkable both on account of the extravagance of the delusions which
for some time possessed him and his followers, and the excessive
severity of the punishment which was inflicted upon him. He was the son
of an industrious little farmer, who supported his family by the
cultivation of his own estate. About the age of twenty-two he married,
and removed into the parish of Wakefield, where he continued till the
breaking out of the civil wars in 1641. He then entered into the
parliament army, and served as a soldier eight or nine years, at first
under Lord Fairfax, and afterwards as quarter-master in major-general
Lambert's troop in Scotland; till, being disabled by sickness, he
returned home about the year 1649. At this time he was a member of the
Independent party, and continued so till the year 1651, when the
preaching of George Fox made him a convert to the communion of the
Quakers, as they are called. Among them he soon commenced preacher, and,
according to their judgment, acquitted himself well both in speaking and
writing.
[Sidenote: J. Nayler, the Quaker, a remarkable fanatic;]