THE GOOD MUST BE SUPERIOR TO INTELLIGENCE AND LIFE.

16. We have shown elsewhere that something must follow the One,

and that the One is a power, and is inexhaustible; and this is so,

because even the last-rank entities possess the power of begetting.

For the present we may notice that the generation of things reveals

a descending procession, in which, the further we go, the more does

manifoldness increase; and that the principle is always simpler than

the things it produces.[111] Therefore, that which has produced the

sense world is not the sense-world itself, but Intelligence and the

intelligible world; and that which has begotten Intelligence and

the intelligible world is neither Intelligence nor the intelligible

world, but something simpler than them. Manifoldness is not born of

manifoldness, but of something that is not manifold. If That which

was superior to Intelligence were manifold, it would no longer be the

(supreme) Principle, and we would have to ascend further. Everything

must, therefore, be reduced to that which is essentially one, which

is outside of all manifoldness; and whose simplicity is the greatest

possible. But how can manifold and universal Reason be born of the One,

when very evidently the One is not a reason? As it is not a reason,

how can it beget Reason? How can the Good beget a hypostatic form of

existence, which would be good in form? What does this hypostatic form

of existence possess? Is it identity? But what is the relation between

identity and goodness? Because as soon as we possess the Good, we seek

identity and permanence; and because the Good is the principle from

which we must not separate; for if it were not the Good, it would be

better to give it up. We must, therefore, wish to remain united to the

Good. Since that is the most desirable for Intelligence, it need seek

nothing beyond, and its permanence indicates its satisfaction with

the entities it possesses. Enjoying, as it does, their presence in a

manner such that it fuses with them, it must then consider life as the

most precious entity of all. As Intelligence possesses life in its

universality and fulness, this life is the fulness and universality of

the Soul and Intelligence. Intelligence, therefore, is self-sufficient,

and desires nothing; it contains what it would have desired if it had

not already possessed such desirable object. It possesses the good that

consists in life and intelligence, as we have said, or in some one of

the connected entities. If Life and Intelligence were the absolute

Good, there would be nothing above them. But if the absolute Good be

above them, the good of Intelligence is this Life, which relates to

the absolute Good, which connects with it, which receives existence

from it, and rises towards it, because it is its principle. The Good,

therefore, must be superior to Life and Intelligence. On this condition

only does the life of Intelligence, the image of Him from whom all life

proceeds, turn towards Him; on this condition only does Intelligence,

the imitation of the contents of the One, whatever be His nature, turn

towards Him.

Plotinos: Complete Works, v. 4 In Chronological Order, Grouped in Four Periods · 第 99 / 382 题