ORPHEUS.
_Ques._ Who was Orpheus?
_Ans._ He was the son of Apollo and the Muse Calliope. He played so
sweetly on the lyre accompanying the music with his voice, that he
tamed wild beasts, stayed the course of rivers, and drew the very
trees to gather around him as he sung. Orpheus married the beautiful
nymph Eury´dice; but on the very day of their nuptials she was stung
in the foot by a venomous serpent, and died, leaving Orpheus
overwhelmed with grief. Trusting to the magic of his lyre, he repaired
to the infernal regions. Here, "at the music of his golden shell," the
wheel of Ixion stopped; Tantalus forgot his thirst; the vulture ceased
to prey on the vitals of Tityus; Cerberus fawned at the musician's
feet, Proserpine was melted to tears, and the stern king of Hell was
moved to pity. Eury´dice was permitted to return to the upper world,
but only on condition that Orpheus did not look upon her before they
passed the confines of Pluto's kingdom. Orpheus forgot this in his
eagerness, and Eury´dice vanished from his sight. In his despair, he
now shunned all intercourse with mankind, and retired to woods and
solitary grottoes, endeavoring to forget his misfortune in the charms
of music. Orpheus was murdered during the orgies of Bacchus, by the
Thracian women, who were incensed at the coldness with which he had
treated them. After tearing him to pieces, they threw his head into
the river Hebrus, and were surprised to hear its murmur, "Eury´dice,
Eury´dice!" as it was carried down the stream to the Ægean Sea.
Bacchus was indignant at the cruelty of the Thracian women, and
changed them into trees.
ARION.
_Ques._ Who was Arion?
_Ans._ He was a famous musician who resided at the court of Periander,
king of Corinth. Impelled by a minstrel's love of wandering, he felt
desirous of visiting foreign countries, and departed from Corinth,
notwithstanding the earnest solicitations of Periander, who warned him
in vain of the danger to which he might be exposed. After some time
spent in Italy and Sicily, Arion desired to return to Corinth, and
embarked for this purpose at Sarentum, taking with him the riches that
he had amassed. During the voyage the mariners agreed among themselves
that they would murder Arion, and seize his treasures. The unhappy
musician offered in vain to abandon everything to their cupidity, if
they would but spare his life. The only favor he could obtain was the
choice of a grave. If he desired to be laid on shore under the green
turf, they would carry his lifeless body to land, and give it
sepulture. If he cared not for this, he must immediately cast himself
into the sea. Arion chose the latter alternative, but begged that he
might die as became a bard, after having played for the last time upon
his lyre, and sung his own death-song. The mariners granted his
request, not from pity, but they desired to hear so famous a minstrel;
music had charms even for their rude hearts.
Arion attired himself in festal robes; his mantle was of purple
fringed with gold, and his brow was adorned with a golden wreath. He
struck his lyre with the ivory wand, and sung a sweet and mournful
melody. Then, commending himself to the friendly Nereides, he sprang
into the sea. The waves closed above him, and the ship held on its
way. The inhabitants of the deep had gathered around as Arion sung,
and now, as he was struggling in the waves, a dolphin took him on his
back, and carried him safe to shore. Periander received his friend
with a cordial welcome, and listened with wonder to the story of his
escape. When the ship arrived, he ordered the mariners to be brought
before him, and inquired if they knew anything of Arion. They replied
confidently that they had left him well and happy at Sarentum. Upon
this Arion stepped forth, clothed in gold and purple, and holding his
lyre as when he had cast himself into the sea. Overcome with terror,
the guilty men confessed their crime, and suffered the punishment they
had so well deserved. This event was commemorated by a statue of brass
which was consecrated at Tænarus. It represented a man mounted on a
dolphin.
AMPHION.
_Ques._ Who was Amphi´on?
_Ans._ He was the son of Anti´ope and Jupiter. He obtained the kingdom
of Thebes, which he governed conjointly with his twin-brother Zethus.
Amphi´on cultivated the art of music; he was instructed by Mercury,
who gave him a golden lyre with which he is said to have built the
walls of Thebes, causing the stones to move and place themselves in
order, as he played. Amphi´on married Ni´obe, and became the father of
seven sons and as many daughters, who were all slain by Apollo and
Diana. He is said to have killed himself in despair. The legend of the
building of the walls of Thebes, is probably an allusion to the old
Dorian and Æolian custom of erecting the walls of cities with public
solemnities, and to the sound of musical instruments.