J. C. M.
JAMES CLERK MAXWELL, F.R.S.
See biographical article: MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK.
Capillary Action (_in part_).
J. D. Pr.
JOHN DYNELEY PRINCE, PH.D.
Professor of Semitic Languages, Columbia University, New York.
Took part in the Expedition to Southern Babylonia, 1888-1889.
Author of _A Critical Commentary on the Book of Daniel_.
Chaldea.
J. P. D.
SIR J. FREDERICK DICKSON, K.C.M.G.
Reorganized the North-West Province of Ceylon. Editor and
translator of the _Upasampada-Kammavaca_ and the _Patimokha_.
Ceylon (_in part_).
J. F.-K.
JAMES FITZMAURICE-KELLY, LITT.D., F.R.Hist.S.
Gilmour Professor of Spanish Language and Literature, Liverpool
University. Norman MacColl Lecturer, Cambridge University. Fellow
of the British Academy. Corresponding Member of the Royal Spanish
Academy. Author of _A History of Spanish Literature_; &c.
Campoamar y Campooserio;
Castillo Solorzano;
Celestina, La;
Cervantes.
J. H. F.
JOHN HENRY FREESE, M.A.
Formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.
Calpurnius, Titus.
J. H. R.
JOHN HORACE ROUND, M.A., LL.D. (Edin.).
Author of _Feudal England_; _Studies in Peerage and Family
History_; _Peerage and Pedigree_.
Castle (_in part_);
Castle Guard.
J. Hl. R.
JOHN HOLLAND ROSE, M.A., LITT.D.
Lecturer on Modern History to the Cambridge University Local
Lectures Syndicate. Author of _Life of Napoleon I._; _Napoleonic
Studies_; _The Development of the European Nations_; _The Life of
Pitt_; chapters in the _Cambridge Modern History_.
Cambaceres.
J. M'D.
JAMES MACDONALD, M.A., LL.D.
Vice-President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland,
1895-1897. Rhind Lecturer on Archaeology, 1897. Author of _Tituli
Hunteriani: an Account of the Roman Stones in the Hunterian
Museum_.
Chalmers, George.
J. P.-B.
JAMES GEORGE JOSEPH PENDEREL-BRODHURST.
Editor of the _Guardian_ (London).
Chair.
J. P. E.
JEAN PAUL HIPPOLYTE EMMANUEL ADHEMAR ESMEIN.
Professor of Law in the University of Paris. Officer of the Legion
of Honour. Member of the Institute of France. Author of _Cours
elementaire d'histoire du droit francais_; &c.
Chatelet.
J. R. C.
JOSEPH ROGERSON COTTER, M.A.
Assistant to the Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy,
Trinity College, Dublin. Editor of 2nd edition of Preston's
_Theory of Heat_.
Calorescence.
J. S. F.
JOHN SMITH FLETT, D.SC., F.G.S.
Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on
Petrology in Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby Medallist of the Geological Society
of London.
Charnockite.
J. T. Be.
JOHN T. BEALBY.
Joint author of Stanford's _Europe_. Formerly editor of the
_Scottish Geographical Magazine_. Translator of Sven Hedin's
_Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet_; &c.
Caspian Sea (_in part_);
Caucasia;
Caucasus (_in part_).
J. T. C.
JOSEPH THOMAS CUNNINGHAM, M.A., F.Z.S.
Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London.
Formerly Assistant Professor of Natural History in the University
of Edinburgh. Naturalist to the Marine Biological Association, and
Fellow of University College, Oxford. Author of numerous papers in
scientific journals.
Cephalopoda.
J. Wa.
MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES WATERHOUSE.
Indian Staff Corps. Vice-President of the Royal Photographic
Society. Assistant Surveyor-General in charge of Photographic
Operations in the Surveyor-General's Office, Calcutta, 1866-1897.
Took part in the observation of total eclipses, 1871 and 1875, and
of transit of Venus, 1874. President of the Asiatic Society of
Bengal, 1888-1890. Author of _The Preparation of Drawings for
Photographic Reproduction_; &c.
Camera Obscura: _History_.
J. W. D.
CAPTAIN J. WHITLY DIXON, R.N.
Nautical Assessor to the Court of Appeal.
Capstan.
J. W. He.
JAMES WYCLIFFE HEADLAM, M.A.
Staff Inspector of Secondary Schools under the Board of Education.
Formerly Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Professor of
Greek and Ancient History at Queen's College, London. Author of
_Bismarck and the Foundation of the German Empire_; &c.
Caprivi.
L. D.*
MONSEIGNEUR LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER DUCHESNE.
See the biographical article: DUCHESNE, L. M. O.
Calixtus I.;
Celestine I.
L. J. B.
LAWRENCE J. BURPEE.
Author of _The Search for the Western Sea_. Joint author (with
Henry J. Morgan) of _Canadian Life in Town and Country_.
Canada: _Literature, English-Canadian_.
L. J. S.
LEONARD JAMES SPENCER, M.A.
Assistant in the Department of Mineralogy, British Museum.
Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness
Scholar. Editor of the _Mineralogical Magazine_.
Cerargyrite;
Cerussite;
Chabazite;
Chalybite.
L. S.
SIR LESLIE STEPHEN, K.C.B., LITT.D.
See the biographical article: STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE.
Carlyle.
L. V.*
LUIGI VILLARI.
Italian Foreign Office (Emigration Dept.). Formerly Newspaper
Correspondent in east of Europe. Italian Vice-Consul in New
Orleans, 1906, Philadelphia, 1907, and Boston, U.S.A., 1907-1910.
Author of _Italian Life in Town and Country_; &c.
Cantu;
Cappello;
Capponi, G. and P.;
Caracciolo;
Carbonari;
Carmagnola;
Carrara;
Cavour.
M. Br.
MARGARET BRYANT.
Chapman, George (_part_);
Charlemagne: _Legends_.
M. G.
MOSES GASTER, PH.D. (Leipzig).
Chief Rabbi of the Sephardic Communities of England.
Vice-President, Zionist Congress, 1898, 1899, 1900. Ilchester
Lecturer at Oxford on Slavonic and Byzantine Literature, 1886 and
1891. President, Folklore Society of England. Vice-President
Anglo-Jewish Association. Author of _History of Rumanian Popular
Literature_; &c.
Cantacuzmo;
Cantemir.
M. H. S.
MARION H. SPIELMANN, F.S.A.
Formerly Editor of the _Magazine of Art_. Member of Fine Art
Committee of International Exhibitions of Brussels, Paris, Buenos
Aires, Rome, and the Franco-British Exhibition, London. Author of
_History of "Punch"_; _British Portrait Painting to the Opening of
the 19th Century_; _Works of G. F. Watts, R.A._; _British
Sculpture and Sculptors of To-day_; _Henriette Ronner_; &c.
Caricature;
Cartoon.
M. J. de G.
MICHAEL JAN DE GOEJE.
See the biographical article: GOEJE, MICHAEL JAN DE.
Caliphate.
M. P.
REV. MARK PATTISON.
See the biographical article: PATTISON, MARK.
Casaubon, Isaac.
N. E. D.
NARCISSE EUTROPE DIONNE, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. (Canada).
Librarian of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec. Chief
Editor of _Le Courrier du Canada_, 1880-1884. Chief Inspector of
Federal Licences, 1884-1886. Chief Editor of _Le Journal de
Quebec_, 1886. Author of _Life of Samuel Champlain, Founder of
Quebec_; _Life of Jacques Cartier, discoverer of Canada_; _La
Nouvelle France, 1540-1603_; _Quebec et Nouvelle France_; &c.
Champlain, Samuel de.
N. W. T.
NORTHCOTE WHITBRIDGE THOMAS, M.A.
Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding
Member of the Societe d'Anthropologie de Paris. Author of _Thought
Transference_; _Kinship and Marriage in Australia_; &c.
Cannibalism.
O. Ba.
OSWALD BARRON, F.S.A.
Editor of _The Ancestor_, 1902-1905.
Cecil.
O. Br.
OSCAR BRILIANT.
Carpathian Mountains (_in part_).
O. M. D.
ORMONDE MADDOCK DALTON, M.A., F.S.A.
Assistant Keeper, Department of British and Medieval Antiquities,
British Museum. Corresponding Member of the Imperial Russian
Archaeological Society. Author of _Guide to the Early Christian
and Byzantine Antiquities_; &c.
Catacomb (_in part_).
P. A.
PAUL DANIEL ALPHANDERY.
Professor of the History of Dogma, Ecole Pratique des Hautes
Etudes, Sorbonne, Paris. Author of _Les Idees morales chez les
heterodoxes latines au debut du XIII^e siecle_.
Capistrano.
P. A. K.
PRINCE PETER ALEXEIVITCH KROPOTKIN.
See the biographical article: KROPOTKIN, P. A.
Caspian Sea (_in part_);
Caucasus (_in part_).
P. C. Y.
PHILIP CHESNEY YORKE, M.A.
Magdalen College, Oxford.
Catherine of Aragon;
Charles I.;
Charles II.
P. La.
PHILIP LAKE, M.A., F.G.S.
Lecturer on Physical and Regional Geography in Cambridge
University. Formerly of the Geological Survey of India. Author of
_Monograph of British Cambrian Trilobites_. Translator and Editor
of Kayser's _Comparative Geology_.
Carpathian Mountains (_in part_);
Caucasus: _Geology_.
P. Vn.
PERCIVAL SYLVANUS VIVIAN.
Author of _Poems of Marriage_. Editor of the _Poetical Works of
Thomas Campion_.
Campion, Thomas.
P. A. M.
PERCY ALEXANDER MACMAHON, F.R.S., D.SC.
Late Major R.A. Deputy Warden of the Standards. Board of Trade.
Joint-General Secretary of the British Association. Formerly
Professor of Physics, Ordnance College, and President of London
Mathematical Society.
Cayley.
R.
THE RT. HON. LORD RAYLEIGH.
See the biographical article: RAYLEIGH, 3rd Baron.
Capillary Action (_in part_).
R. A.*
ROBERT ANCHEL.
Archivist to the Department de l'Eure.
Cambon, Pierre Joseph;
Cathelineau.
R. Ad.
ROBERT ADAMSON.
See the biographical article: ADAMSON, R.
Category (_in part_).
R. A. S. M.
ROBERT ALEXANDER STEWART MACALISTER, M.A., F.S.A.
Director of Excavations for the Palestine Exploration Fund.
Capernaum;
Carmel.
R. G.
RICHARD GARNETT.
See the biographical article: GARNETT, RICHARD.
Cardan.
R. I. P.
R. I. POCOCK, F.Z.S.
Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens, London.
Centipede.
R. K. D.
SIR ROBERT KENNAWAY DOUGLAS.
Formerly Keeper of Oriental Printed Books and MSS. at the British
Museum, and Professor of Chinese, King's College, London. Author
of _The Language and Literature of China_; &c.
Canton.
R. L.*
RICHARD LYDEKKER, F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S.
Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India, 1874-1882.
Author of _Catalogues of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in
British Museum_; _The Deer of all Lands_; _The Game Animals of
Africa_; &c.
Camel;
Capuchin Monkey;
Carnivora;
Cat;
Cavy;
Cetacea;
Chamois.
R. L. H.
ROBERT LOCKHART HOBSON.
Assistant in the Department of British and Medieval Antiquities,
British Museum. Author of _Porcelain: Oriental, Continental and
British_; _Marks on Pottery and Porcelain_ (with W. Burton); and
_Catalogue and Guide of English Pottery and Porcelain in British
Museum_.
Ceramics: _Medieval and Later Italian_; Persian, Syrian, Egyptian
and Turkish.
R. N. B.
ROBERT NISBET BAIN (d. 1909).
Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883-1909. Author of
_Scandinavia, the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden,
1313-1900_; _The First Romanovs, 1613-1725_; _Slavonic Europe, the
Political History of Poland and Russia from 1469 to 1796_; &c.
Canute;
Canute VI;
Casimir III.;
Casimir IV.;
Catherine I.;
Charles I. (_Hungary_);
Charles IX., X., XI., XII. (_Sweden_);
Charles XIII., XIV., XV. (_Sweden and Norway_).
R. Po.
RENE POUPARDIN, D. es L.
Secretary of the Ecole des Chartes. Honorary Librarian at the
Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Author of _Le Royaume de Provence
sous les Carolingiens_; _Recueil des chartes de Saint-Germain_;
&c.
Charles the Bold.
R. P. S.
R. PHENE SPIERS, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.
Master of the Architectural School and Surveyor, Royal Academy,
London. Past President of Architectural Association. Associate and
Fellow of King's College, London. Corresponding Member of the
Institute of France. Edited Fergusson's _History of Architecture_.
Author of _Architecture East and West_; &c.
Campanile;
Capital: _Arch._;
Cathedral: _Arch._;
Ceiling.
R. S. C.
ROBERT SEYMOUR CONWAY, M.A., D.LITT. (Cantab.).
Professor of Latin in the University of Manchester. Formerly
Professor of Latin in University College, Cardiff; and Fellow of
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Author of _The Italic
Dialects_.
Campania (_in part_).
R. W.
ROBERT WALLACE, F.R.S. (Edin.), F.L.S.
Professor of Agriculture and Rural Economy at Edinburgh
University, and Garton Lecturer on Colonial and Indian
Agriculture. Professor of Agriculture, R.A.C., Cirencester,
1882-1885. Author of _Farm Live Stock of Great Britain_; _Indian
Agriculture_; _The Agriculture and Rural Economy of Australia and
New Zealand_; _Farming Industries of Cape Colony_; &c.
Cattle (_in part_).
R. We.
RICHARD WEBSTER, A.M.
Editor of _Elegies of Maximianus_.
Channing, William E.
ST C.
VISCOUNT ST CYRES.
See the biographical article: IDDESLEIGH, 1ST EARL OF.
Casuistry.
S. D.
SAMUEL DAVIDSON, D.D.
See the biographical article: DAVIDSON, SAMUEL.
Canon: _Scriptures_.
T. As.
THOMAS ASHBY, M.A., D.LITT., F.S.A.
Director of the British School of Archaeology at Rome.
Corresponding Member of the Imperial German Archaeological
Institute. Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven
Fellow, Oxford, 1897. Author of _The Classical Topography of the
Roman Campagna_; &c.
Camerino;
Campania (_in part_);
Canosa;
Canusium;
Capena;
Capri;
Capua;
Carales;
Carsioli;
Casilinum;
Casinum;
Cassia, Via;
Catania;
Caudine Forks;
Cefalu;
Centuripe;
Cesena.
T. A. H.
CAPTAIN THOMAS A. HULL, R.N.
Formerly Superintendent of Admiralty Charts.
Chart.
T. Ba.
SIR THOMAS BARCLAY, M.P.
Member of the Institute of International Law. Member of the
Supreme Council of the Congo Free State. Officer of the Legion of
Honour. Author of _Problems of International Practice and
Diplomacy_; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910.
Capture.
T. F. C.
THEODORE FREYLINGHUYSEN COLLIER, PH.D.
Assistant Professor of History, Williams College, Williamstown,
Mass., U.S.A.
Carthage, Synods of;
Chalcedon, Council of.
T. K. C.
REV. THOMAS KELLY CHEYNE. D.LITT., D.D.
See the biographical article: CHEYNE, T.K.
Canaan, Canaanites.
T. M. F.
THOMAS MACALL FALLOW, M.A., F.S.A.
Formerly editor of _The Antiquary_, 1895-1899. Author of
_Memorials of Old Yorkshire_; _The Cathedral Churches of Ireland_.
Cathedral.
T. W. F.
THOMAS WILLIAM FOX.
Professor of Textiles in the University of Manchester. Author of
_Mechanics of Weaving_.
Carding.
W. A. B. C.
REV. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BREVOORT COOLIDGE, M.A., F.R.G.S.
Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History,
St David's College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of _Guide to
Switzerland_; _The Alps in Nature and in History_; &c. Editor of
_The Alpine Journal_, 1880-1889.
Cannes;
Chamonix;
Chartreuse, La Grande.
W. A. P.
WALTER ALISON PHILLIPS, M.A.
Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St
John's College, Oxford. Author of _Modern Europe_; &c.
Canon: _Church Dignitary_;
Capo d'Istria;
Carlsbad Decrees;
Chasuble.
W. B.*
WILLIAM BURTON, HON. M.A. (Vict.), F.C.S.
Chairman, Joint-Committee of Pottery Manufacturers of Great
Britain. Examiner for Board of Education in Pottery Design and for
Technological Examinations in Pottery Manufacture. Author of
_English Stoneware and Earthenware_; _Porcelain_; &c.
Ceramics (_in part_).
W. B. D.
WILLIAM BOYD DAWKINS, F.R.S., D.SC.
See the biographical article: DAWKINS, WILLIAM BOYD.
Cave.
W. B. Du.
WILLIAM BARTLETT DUFFIELD, M.A.
Barrister at Law, Inner Temple. Secretary to the Royal Commission
on Canals, 1906-1910.
Chartered Companies.
W. F. C.
WILLIAM FEILDEN CRAIES, M.A.
Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Lecturer on Criminal Law at King's
College, London. Editor of _Archbold's Criminal Pleading_ (23rd
edition).
Capital punishment.
W. F. W.
WALTER FRANCIS WILLCOX, LL.B., PH.D.
Dean of, and Professor of Political Economy and Statistics at,
Cornell University. Formerly Chief Statistician and now Special
Agent of the U.S. Census Bureau. Author of _The Divorce Problem--a
Study in Statistics_; _Social Statistics of the United States_;
&c.