GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.
The Changes produced on Physical Phenomena by the Movement of
the Solar System considered--Exertion of the Physical Forces
through the Celestial Spaces--The Balance of Powers--Varieties
of Matter--Extension of Matter--Theory of Nonentity--A Material
Creation an indisputable fact--Advantages of the Study of
Science--Conclusion.
We have examined terrestrial phenomena under many of the harmonious
conditions which, with our limited intelligence, we can reach by the
aid of science. From the first exhibition of force, in the cohesion
of two atoms, onward to the full development of organic form in the
highest order of animals, we have observed strange influences. We
have seen the solitary molecule invested with peculiar properties,
and regulated by mighty forces; we have learned that the modes of
motion given to this beautiful sphere produce curious changes in the
operation of these powers; and we may with safety infer that every atom
constituting this globe is held in wonderful suspension against every
atom of every star, in the celestial spaces, even to that bright orb in
the centre of the Pleiades, around which the entire system of created
worlds is supposed to roll.
As we move around our own sun--in the limited period of 365 days, and
round our own axis in 24 hours--we experience transitions from heat to
cold, dependent upon our position in regard to that luminary and the
laws which regulate the reception and retention of certain physical
forces. May we not therefore conclude, without being charged with
making any violent deduction, that in the great revolution of our
system around the centre of space, we are undergoing gradual changes
which are essential to the great scheme of creation, though at present
incomprehensible to us?
In our consideration of the influence of time on the structure of
the earth as we find it, we discovered that, in ages long past, the
vegetation of the tropics existed upon these northern parts of the
globe; and geological research has also proved that over the same lands
the cold of an arctic winter must have long prevailed--the immense
glaciers of that period having left the marks of their movements upon
the face of the existing rocks.[268] We know that during 3,000 years
no change of temperature has taken place in the European climate.
The children of Israel found the date and the vine flourishing in
Canaan; and they exist there still. Arago has shown that a trifling
alteration of temperature would have destroyed one or the other of
these fruit-bearing trees, since the vine will not ripen where the mean
temperature of the year is higher than 84°, or the date flourish where
it sinks below that degree.
How immense, then, the duration of time since these changes must have
taken place! The 432,000 years of Oriental mythology is a period
scarcely commensurable with these effects; yet, to the creature of
three-score years, that period appears an eternity. The thirty-three
millions of geographical miles which our solar system traverses
annually, if multiplied by three thousand years, during which we know
no change has taken place, give us 99,000,000,000 as the distance
passed over in that period. How wide, then, must have been the journey
of the system in space to produce the alteration in the physical
powers, by which these changes have been effected!
We have an example, and a striking one, of the variations which may
be produced in all the physical conditions of a world, in those
disturbances of Uranus which led to the discovery of Neptune. For
thirty years or more certain perturbations were observed in this
distant planet, the discovery of Sir William Herschel, and calculation
pointed to some still more remote mass of matter as the cause, which
has been verified by its actual discovery. But now Uranus is at
rest;--quietly that star progresses in its appointed orbit,--Neptune
can no longer, for the present, cause it to move with greater or less
rapidity--they are too remote to produce any sensible influence upon
each other. Consequently, for thirty years, it is evident, phenomena
must have occurred on the surface of Uranus, which can be no longer
repeated until these two planets again arrive at the same positions
in their respective paths which they have occupied since 1812. These
considerations assist us in our attempts to comprehend infinite time
and space; but the human mind fails to advance far in the great
sublimity.
Through every inch of space we have evidence of the exercise of such
forces as we have been considering. Gravitation chains world to world,
and holds them all suspended from the mystic centre. Cohesion binds
every mass of matter into a sphere, while motion exerts a constant
power, which tends to alter the form of the mass. The earth’s form--a
flattened spheroid--the rings of Saturn and of Neptune are the
consequences of motion in antagonism to cohesion. Heat, radiating
from one planet to another, does its work in all, giving variety to
matter. Light seeks out every world--each trembling star tells of the
mystery of its presence. Where light and heat are, chemical action,
as an associated power, must be present; and electricity must do its
wondrous duties amongst them all. Modified by peculiar properties of
matter, they may not manifest themselves in phenomena like those of our
terrestrial nature; but the evidence of light is a sufficient proof of
the presence of its kindred elements; and it is difficult to imagine
all these powers in action without producing some form of organization.
In the rounded pebble which we gather from the sea-shore, in the medusa
floating bright with all the beauty of prismatic colour in the sun-lit
sea,--in the animal, mighty in his strength, roaming the labyrinthine
forests, or, great in intelligence, looking from this to the mysteries
of other worlds,--in all created things around us, we see direct
evidence of a beautiful adjustment of the balance of forces, and the
harmonious arrangement of properties.
One atom is removed from a mass and its character is changed; one
force being rendered more active than another, and the body, under its
influence, ceases to be the same in condition. The regulation which
disposes the arrangements of matter on this earth, must exist through
the celestial spaces, and every planet bears the same relation to every
other glittering mass in heaven’s o’erarching canopy, as one atom
bears to another in the pebble, the medusa, the lion, or the man. An
indissoluble bond unites them all, and the grain of sand which lies
buried in the depth of one of our primary formations, holds, chained
to it by these all-pervading forces, the uncounted worlds which, like
luminous sand, are sprinkled by the hand of the Creator through the
universe. Thus we advance to a conception of the oneness of creation.
The vigorous mind of that immortal bard who sang “of man’s first
disobedience,” never, in the highest rapture, the holiest trance of
poetic conception, dreamed of any natural truths so sublime as those
which science has revealed to us.
The dependence of all the systems of worlds upon each other, every
dust composing each individual globe being “weighed in a balance,” the
adjustment of the powers by which every physical condition is ordered,
the disposition of matter in the mass of the earth, and the close
relation of the kingdoms of nature,--are all revelations of natural
truths, exalting the mind to the divine conception of the universe.
There is a remarkable antagonism displayed in the operation of many
of these forces. Gravitation and cohesion act in opposition to the
repellent influences of caloric. Light and heat are often associated
in a very remarkable manner; but they are certainly in their radiant
states in antagonism to chemical action, whether produced by the direct
agency of actinic force, or through the intermediate excitement of
the electrical current.[269] And in relation to chemical force, as
manifested in organic combinations, we have the all-powerful operation
of LIFE preventing any exercise of its decomposing power.[270] As world
is balanced against world in the universe, so in the human fabric, in
the vegetable structure, in the crystallized gem, or in the rude rock,
force is weighed against force, and the balance hangs in tranquillity.
Let but a slight disturbance occasion a vibration of the beam, and
electricity shakes the stoutest heart with terror, at the might of its
devastating power.[271] Heat melts the hardest rocks, and the earth
trembles with volcanic strugglings; and actinic agency, being freed
from its chains, speedily spreads decay over the beautiful, and renders
the lovely repulsive.
We know matter in an infinite variety of forms, from the most ponderous
metal to the lightest gas; and we have it within our power to render
the most solid bodies invisible in the condition of vapour. Is it not
easy, then, to understand that matter may exist equally attenuated
in relation to hydrogen, as that gas itself is, when compared with
the metal platinum? A doubt has been raised against this view, from
the difficulty of accounting for the passage of the physical elements
through solid masses of matter. If we, however, remember that the known
gases have the power of transpiration through matter in a remarkable
degree,[272] and that the passage of water through a sieve may be
prevented by heat, it will be at once apparent that the permeation of
any radiant body through fixed solid matter is entirely a question of
conditions.
We can form no idea of the size of the ultimate atom; we cannot
comprehend the degree of etherealization to which matter may be
extended. Our atmosphere, we have seen, is only another condition of
the same elements which compose all the organized forms of matter
upon the earth, and, at the height reached by man, it is in a state
of extreme attenuation. What must be its condition at the distance
of forty miles from the earth? According to known laws, certain
phenomena of refraction have led us to set these bounds to the matter
constituting our globe: but it may exist in such a state of tenuity,
that no philosophical instrument constructed by human hands could
measure its refracting power; and who shall declare with certainty that
matter itself may not be as far extended as we suppose its influences
to be?
“Hast thou perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if thou knowest
it all.
“Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? Canst thou set the dominion
thereof in the earth?”
A cheerless philosophy, derived from the transcendentalism of the
German schools, by an unhappy metaphysical subtlety, and grafted
upon what professes to be a positive philosophy, but which is not
so, is spreading amongst us, and would teach us to regard all things
as the mere exhibition of properties, a manifestation of powers; it
believes not in a material creation. The grandeur of the earth, and
the beautiful forms adorning it, are not entities. Yonder exquisite
specimen of the skill of man, in which mind appears to shine through
the marble,--that distant mountain which divides the clouds as they are
driven by the winds across it,--those trees, amid whose branches the
birds make most melodious music,--this flower, so redolent of perfume,
so bright in colour, and so symmetric in form,--and that lovely being
who, a model of beauty and grace, walks the earth an impersonation
of love and charity blended, making, indeed, “a sunshine in a shady
place,” are not realities. Certain forces combine to produce effects,
all of which unite to deceive poor man into the belief that he is a
material being, and the inhabitant of a material world. There may be
ingenuity in the philosophy of this school; its metaphysics may be of
a high order; but it evidently advances from the real to the ideal
with such rapidity, that every argument is based on an assumption
without a proof; every assumption being merely a type of the philosophy
itself,--a baseless fabric, a transcendental vision.
A material creation surrounds us. This earth, all that it contains, and
the immense hosts of stellar worlds, are absolute entities, surrounded
with, and interpenetrated by, certain exhibitions of creative
intelligence, which perform, according to fixed laws, the mighty
labours upon which depend the infinite and eternal mutations of matter.
The origin of a grain of dust is hidden from our finite comprehensions;
but its existence should be a source of hope, that those minds which
are allowed the privilege of tracing out its marvellous properties,--of
examining the empyreal principles upon which its condition, as a grain
of dust, depends,--and even of reducing these giant elements to do our
human bidding,--may, after a period of probation, be admitted to the
enjoyment of that infinite power to which the great secrets of creation
will be unveiled.
Every motion which the accurate search of the experimentalist has
traced, every principle or power which the physicist has discovered,
every combination which the chemist has detected, every form which the
naturalist has recorded, involves reflections of an exalting character,
which constitute the elements of the highest poetry. The philosophy of
physical science is a grand epic, the record of natural science a great
didactic poem.
To study science for its useful applications merely, is to limit its
advantages to purely sensual ends. To pursue science for the sake of
the truths it may reveal, is an endeavour to advance the elements
of human happiness through the intelligence of the race. To avail
ourselves of facts for the improvement of art and manufactures, is
the duty of every nation moving in the advance of civilization. But
to draw from the great truths of science intelligible inferences and
masterly deductions, and from these to advance to new and beautiful
abstractions, is a mental exercise which tends to the refinement and
elevation of every human feeling.
The mind thus exercised during the mid-day of life, will find in the
twilight of age a divine serenity; and, charmed by the music of nature,
which, like a vesper hymn poured forth from pious souls, proclaims
in devotion’s purest strain the departure of day, he will sink into
the repose of that mysterious night which awaits us all, tranquil in
the happy consciousness that the sun of truth will rise in unclouded
brilliancy, and place him in the enjoyment of that intellectual light,
which has ever been among the holiest aspirations of the human race.
The task of wielding the wand of science,--of standing a scientific
evocator within the charmed circle of its powers, is one which leads
the mind through nature up to nature’s God.
Experiment and observation instruct us in the discovery of a
fact;--that fact connects itself with natural phenomena,--the ultimate
cause of which we learn from Divine revelation, and receive in full
belief,--but the proximate causes are reserved as trials of man’s
intelligence; and every natural truth, discovered by induction,
enables the contemplative mind to deduce those perfect laws which are
exemplifications of the fresh-springing and all enduring POETRY OF
SCIENCE.
FOOTNOTES:
[268] “As to the polishing and grooving of hard rocks, it has lately
been ascertained that glaciers give rise to these effects when pushing
forward sand, pebbles, and rocky fragments, and causing them to grate
along the bottom. Nor can there be any doubt that icebergs, when they
run aground on the floor of the ocean, imprint similar marks upon
it.”--_Principles of Geology, or the modern changes of the Earth and
its Inhabitants considered as illustrative of Geology_: by Charles
Lyell, M.A., F.R.S. _Travels through the Alps of Savoy, and other parts
of the Pennine Chain, with Observations on the Phenomena of Glaciers_:
by James D. Forbes, F.R.S.
[269] This may be readily proved by the following simple but
instructive experiment:--Take two pairs of watch-glasses; into one pair
put a solution of nitrate of silver, into the other a weak solution
of iodide of potassium; connect the silver solution of each pair with
the potash one by a film of cotton, and carry a platina wire from one
glass into the other. Place one series in sunshine, and the other
in a dark place. After a few hours it will be found that the little
galvanic arrangement in the dark will exhibit, around the platina
wire, a very pretty crystallization of metallic silver, but no such
change is observable in the other exposed to light. If a yellow glass
is interposed between the glass and the sunshine, the action proceeds
as when in the dark. This experiment is naturally suggestive of many
others, and it involves some most important considerations.
[270] In cases of violent death it is often found the gastric juice
has, in a few hours, dissolved portions of the stomach.--Dr. Budd’s
Lecture before the College of Physicians.
[271] Faraday’s _Experimental Researches_, vol. i.; from which a
quotation has already been made, showing the enormous quantity of
electricity which is latent in matter.
[272] _On the Motion of Gases_: by Professor Graham, F.R.S.--Phil.
Trans., vol. cxxxvi. p. 573.
INDEX.
Absorption of heat by air, water, and earth, 74.
---- of light, 125.
Acalephæ, or phosphorescent animals, 387.
Actinism, 166.
---- producing chemical change, 174.
---- and light antagonistic, 177.
----, influence of, on plants, 372.
Action of presence--_Catalysis_, 280.
“Active principles” of Newton, 11.
Adams on planet Neptune, 32.
Adiathermic bodies, 95.
Aërial currents dependent on heat, 80.
---- chemical, 274.
Affinity, 292.
Age of the world, 404.
Aggregation, attraction of, 48.
----, crystalline, 58.
Agonic lines, 244.
Air, absorption of heat by, 74.
---- density of the, 319.
Alchemy, Nature’s, 293.
Aldini on animal electricity, 393.
Allotropic conditions of atoms, 43.
Allotropism, 330.
Allotropy, 291.
Alum, opacity to heat rays, 65.
Alpinus’ theory of matter, 47.
Ammonites of the lias, 341.
Ammoniacal amalgam, 325.
Ampère’s theory of magnetism, 239.
Analogy, dangers of reasoning by, 152.
Ancients’ knowledge of magnetism, 235.
Animals, phosphorescence of, 154.
---- respiration of, 310.
---- articulated, 388.
Animal magnetism, 267.
---- electricity, 211, 392.
---- life, progress of, 338.
----, phenomena of, 383.
Arago on the surface of the sun, 123.
---- on copying the Egyptian temples, 177.
---- on magnetic variation, 246.
_Arbor Dianæ_--silver tree, 261.
Aristotle on motion, 10.
Atmosphere, uses of the, 319.
Atmospheric refraction, 322.
Atomic theory, 278.
---- volumes, 287.
Atoms, allotropic state of, 43.
Atom, the organic, 360.
----, ultimate size of, 408.
----, the, and its powers, 3.
Attraction, chemical, 275.
Aurora of the sun, 186.
Back’s account of Aurora, 249.
Balance of forces, 14.
Bartholin on Iceland spar, 140.
Beccaria, Father, on phosphorescence, 160.
Becquerel’s experiments on electricity, 227.
---- on ozone, 300.
Bell on the nerves, 391.
Belemnites, 341.
Berkeley, Bishop, on motion, 10.
Berzelius on allotropy, 44.
---- on catalysis, 281.
Biela’s comet, 26.
Biot on polarization, 145.
Bolognian stone, 161.
Bouguer on the absorption of light by the atmosphere, 126.
Boutigny on heat, 107.
_Boletus igniarius_, 102.
Boyle on motion, 9.
Brain and nerves, 391.
Brahminical philosophy, 245.
Brewster, Sir D., refers magnetism to the sun, 263.
---- on magnetism, 247.
Brown’s doctrines of life, 395.
Butterfly, metamorphosis of, 389.
Cagniard de la Tour state, 106.
Calorific transparency, 65.
---- influence on plants, 376.
Calotype, the, 174.
Canton’s phosphorus, 161.
Carbon, allotropic state of, 43.
Carboniferous plants, fossil, 339.
Carbonic acid, solid, 111.
---- quantity in atmosphere, 311.
Cassini on magnetic variation, 246.
Catalysis, 280.
Cell, organic, 361.
Cellini, Benvenuto, on the carbuncle, 159.
Central sun, doctrine of a, 27.
Changes, physical, 290.
Chemical phenomena developing heat, 42.
---- decomposition producing heat, 97.
---- combination by heat, 98.
---- affinity suspended by heat, 109.
---- radiations, 166.
---- power of solar rays in the Tropics, 177.
---- agency of luminous rays, 178.
---- action influenced by magnetism, 252.
---- forces, 270.
---- elements, 272.
---- proportions, 285.
---- metamorphoses, 289.
---- phenomena, 295.
---- composition of atmosphere, 322.
---- rays, action of, on germination, 375.
Chemistry, Electro, 206.
---- of Nature, 270.
---- Animal, 396.
Chinese knowledge of magnet, 236.
Chlorophylle, formation of, 373.
Chloride of sulphur, transparency of, to heat, 65.
Chlorine and hydrogen combine by light, 171.
Chlorine in the ocean, 303.
Cholera and electricity, 215.
Choroid coat, the, 149.
Chromatic lines on the earth, 133.
Clay converted into slate by electricity, 227.
Climate of the earth, 350.
Clock, Electrical, 233.
Coal formation, theory of, 314.
Cohesive force opposed to gravitation, 33.
Cohesion and gravitation, 49.
---- distinguished from crystallization, 51.
Cold, extreme, 110.
Colour of bodies, 132.
---- changes of, in chemical combinations, 290.
---- blue, of sky, 320.
---- of steam, 321.
Colours, Newton’s theory of, 135.
Coloured heat rays, 85.
Combining equivalents, 273.
---- forces, 292.
Combination, laws of, 286.
---- of forces, 330.
Combustion, 305.
Comets, 26.
Condensation of gases, 290.
Conduction of heat, 69.
Conducting power of bodies for heat, 89.
Condition, change of chemical, 271.
Conversion of motion, 16.
Convection of heat, 69.
Cotyledons, use of the, 368.
Coulomb on repulsion of atoms, 47.
Creation, oneness of, 406.
Cretaceous formations, 344.
Crosse on electricity, 227.
Crustaceans, metamorphosis of, 389.
Crust of the earth, 333.
Crystals, pseudomorphous, 54.
----, size of, 56.
Crystallogenic forces, 50.
Crystalline bodies, magnetic influence of, 260.
Cudworth’s “Plastic Nature,” 10.
Current, electric, speed of, 231.
----, electricity, magnetic, 239.
Crystallization, 50.
Cultivation, limits of, 379.
Currents of electricity around the earth, 224.
Cyanite, a true magnet, 48.
Daguerre’s discovery, 170.
Daguerreotype, the, 172.
Dalton on Aurora Borealis, 248.
---- on liquefaction, 287.
Dalton’s atomic theory, 278.
Daniel on incandescence, 100.
Dark lines of spectrum, 125.
Darwin on sea-weeds of the Southern Ocean, 316.
Davy, Sir H., on the elements, 328.
---- on flame, 307.
---- discovers the alkaline metals, 325.
Decomposition, electro-chemical, 208.
De la Tour, Cagniard’s experiments, 105.
Delaroche on heat, 93.
Density of the earth, 31.
Development, animal, 384.
Dew, formation of, 81.
Diamond, allotropic carbon, 43.
----, phosphorescence of, 160.
Diamagnetism, 253.
Diamagnetic nature of gases, 259.
Diathermic bodies, 94.
Diffusion of gases, 323.
Digestion a cause of heat, 105.
Dip of magnetic needle, 247.
Dimorphism in crystals, 55.
Directive power of a magnet on crystals, 261.
Distribution of elements, 328.
Divisibility of matter, 38.
Döbereiner’s lamp, 281.
Dispersion of light, 129.
Draper on incandescence, 100.
Dumas on atoms, 39.
Dust, a grain of, 2.
Earth, physical, the, 1.
---- density of, 31.
---- the revolution of the, 77.
----, geological formation of, 333.
Earth’s, motion, 11.
---- temperature dependent on the sun, 63.
Effects produced by loss of heat, 69.
Eggs, number of, laid by insects, 399.
Elective affinity, 292.
Electricity, 193.
Electricity and light influencing crystallization, 57.
----, kinds of, 195.
---- contained in water, 203.
---- developed by chemical action, 204.
----, velocity of, 231.
---- of plants, 380.
Electric condition of matter, 5.
---- telegraph, the, 231.
---- affinity, 275.
Electrical phosphorescence, 160.
---- action influenced by actinism, 183.
---- radiations, 190.
---- clock, 233.
Electro-chemistry, 206.
Electro culture, 223.
Electrotype, the, 229.
Electro-chemical decomposition, 208.
Electro-magnetism, 240.
Electrum, 193.
Elements, chemical, 37, 272.
----, atmospheric, 325.
----, interchanges of, 319.
Englefield on heat rays, 67.
Eocene formations, 346.
Equinoxes, precession of the, 244.
----, the vernal and autumnal, 77.
Epicurus’ hooked atoms, 48.
Epipolic phenomena, 129.
Eremacausis, 105.
Ether, hypothesis of an, 120.
Examples of crystallization, 59.
Expansion of bodies by heat, 96.
Eye, mechanism of, 149.
Faraday on Magnetism of Crystals, 59.
---- on solidification of gases, 112.
---- on magnetization of light, 147.
---- on the gymnotus, 211.
---- on diamagnetism, 254.
Ferro-magnetic bodies, 255.
Fish Lizard, the, 341.
Fixed stars, light of, 122.
Flint glass, permeability to heat, 65.
Flora, fossil, 345.
Flowers, influences of, 317.
Fluid, magnetic theory of, 252.
Fluorescence of light, 130.
Forbes, Prof. Jas., on vibrations of heated metals, 97.
Forbes, Prof. Edward, on zones of life in the ocean, 127.
Forbes on colour of steam, 321.
Force producing motion, 9.
---- a cause of motion, 17.
----, molecular, 40.
---- of crystallization, 61.
Forces, active, in matter, 3.
----, balance of, 14.
---- in antagonism, 407.
Form, change of, 2.
---- of surface, influence of, on climate, 351.
----, variety of vegetable, 359.
Foster describes Northern Lights, 249.
Fox, R. W., on temperature of Cornish mines, 91.
Franklin on atoms, 47.
Franklin’s kite experiment, 214.
Freezing mixtures, 110.
Freezing, remarkable phenomena of, 112.
---- of water, 302.
Friction, 17.
Frictional electricity, 199.
Fraunhofer’s dark lines, 125.
Franklin’s experiment on heat, 75.
Fusion influenced by pressure, 107.
Galvanism, 201.
Galvani’s experiment, 201.
Gases, condensation of, 111, 290.
----, magnetism of, 259.
Gaseous constitution, 317.
Gauss’s theory of magnetism, 243.
Generation, spontaneous, 363.
Geological phenomena, 332.
Germ, Treviranus on the, 361.
Germination of seeds, 367.
Glass, coloured, transparency to heat, 65.
Goethe’s theory of colour, 139.
Goethe on phosphorescence, 157.
---- on the leaf, 369.
Graham’s law of diffusion, 323.
Gravitation, 21.
Growth explained, 52.
----, progress of, 364.
---- defined, 383.
Grove decomposes water by heat, 98.
Gulf stream, the, 81.
Gulielmini on crystallisation, 50.
Gun cotton, 103.
Gymnotus electricus, 211.
Gyroscope, the, 14.
Hansteen and Arago on Northern Lights, 248.
Hansteen on magnetism, 244.
Heat, solar and terrestrial, 62.
----, conductors of, 90.
----, rays absorbed by atmosphere, 63, 73.
---- and light, their relations, 64.
----, radiation of, 82.
---- rays, coloured, 85.
---- lessens chemical affinity, 88.
----, latent, 101.
----, decomposition by, 109, 276.
----, scientific knowledge of, 114.
---- developed by combustion of wood equivalent to heat absorbed in
growth, 116.
----, influence of, on magnetism, 241.
----, action of, on water, 302.
----, influence of on plants, 371.
---- essential to life, 395.
Heliography of M. Niepce, 170.
Herbivorous animals, 315.
Herschel on the nebulæ, 24.
Herschel, Sir W., on heat rays, 67.
Hobbes on the properties of matter, 8.
Hopkins on the temperature of fusion, 107.
Huyghens on double refraction, 140.
Hydra, the, 387.
Hydrogen, peroxide of, 298.
---- and oxygen, 289, 297.
Hydro-carbons, 297.
Hydro-carbon compounds, 308.
Hypnotism, Mr. Braid on, 269.
Ice, 301.
Ichthyosaurus, the, 341.
Igneous rocks, 335.
Ignition by chemical action, 102.
Iguanodon, the, 343.
Incandescence, temperature of, 69-100.
Influences of matter on heat, 79.
Infusoria and animalculæ, 387.
Interference of light, 138.
Intensity, magnetic, 247.
Invisible light, Moser on, 188.
Iodide of silver found natural, 304.
Iodine, 304.
Iridescent paper, 137.
Iron, magnetic, 235.
----, soft, rendered magnetic, 241.
----, rusting, 306.
Isomeric compounds, 291.
Isomorphism, 290.
Isothermic lines, 92.
Isodynamic lines, 247.
Jones, Rymer, on sponges, 345.
Joule on anhydrous salts, 287.
---- on heat and motion, 18.
Kircher’s Magnetism, 264.
Kupffar on magnetic storms, 249.
Lamination of clay by electricity, 226.
Land and sea, alternations of, 340.
Laplace’s theory of the universe, 23.
Latent heat, 101.
Lavoisier’s theory of combustion, 305.
Law of gravitation, 30.
Lawson, letter from Mr., on germination of seeds, 375.
Leaf, the functions of the, 369.
Leaves of plants, action on air of, 311.
Le Verrier on planet Neptune, 32.
Leyden jar, the, 198.
Lias formations, 341.
Liebig and organic chemistry, 284.
Life and light, 52.
----, influence of light on, 153.
---- dependent on light, 164.
----, vegetable, 362.
----, mysteries of, 398.
Light, 118.
---- essential to life, 39.
---- of fixed stars, 122.
----, transparency to, 124.
----, transmission of, through different media, 128.
----, absorption of, 125.
----, interference of, 138.
----, polarized condition of, 141.
----, magnetization of, 146.
----, artificial, 162.
----, influence of, on plants, 373.
---- and heat, correlation of, 64.
Lightning conductors, 215.
Lindley on the leaf, 370.
Lubbock, Sir J., on shooting stars, 22.
Lodes, mineral, electricity of, 225.
Luminous and actinic rays distinguished, 176.
Machine electricity, 209.
Magellanic clouds, 25.
Magnetic curves, 236.
---- iron ore, 237.
---- polarity, 237.
---- points of convergence, 244.
---- poles of the earth, 245.
---- intensity, 247
---- storms, 249.
---- lines of no variation, 243.
Magnetism, 235.
---- induced, 238.
---- influenced by heat, 242.
----, universality of, 253.
---- of gases, 259.
---- induced by solar rays 263.
---- and electricity, correlation of, 239.
---- and crystallisation, 57.
Magneto-electrical decomposition, 230.
Magnetisation of light, 146.
Malus on polarisation, 139.
Mammalia, fossil, 343.
Man, temperature of, 105.
Manganesiate of potash, 171.
Mantell, Dr., on the iguanodon, 343.
Mariotte on seat of vision, 149.
Matter, its general conditions, 1.
----, forms of, 21.
----, transmutation of, 37.
----, divisibility of, 38.
----, solid, absorption of heat by, 75.
----, influence of, on light, 162.
----, polarity of, 265.
---- and its properties, 409.
----, entity of, 410.
----, varied condition of, 36.
Mayer’s hypothesis of three colours, 138.
Mechanical force and heat, 103.
Mechanism of the eye, 149.
Media, influence of, on light, 128.
Medusæ, phosphorescence of, 159.
Melloni on coloured heat rays, 85.
---- on new nomenclature for heat, 95.
Mesmer and electricity, 222.
Metamorphic rocks, 336.
Metamorphoses of animals, 389.
Mexico, Gulf of, warmth of the, 81.
Mica, black, transparency to heat, 66.
Miller, Dr., on dark lines of the spectrum, 126.
Mineral veins, electricity of, 225.
Mines, Cornish, temperature of, 91.
Miocene formations, 346.
Mirrors, magic, 191.
Mitscherlich on expansion of crystals by heat, 257.
Molecular forces, 35, 40.
----, compound action of, 279.
Molecules, Dumas on, 39.
---- combination, 277.
Morichini and Carpi on magnetism of violet rays of light, 263.
Moser on invisible light, 189.
Motion, 7.
---- a property of matter, 8.
----, principles of, 10.
---- of the earth, 12.
---- round an axis shows the earth’s motion, 18.
----, influence of, on form, 32.
Mountain ranges probably determined by magnetic force, 262.
Multiplication of life, 399.
Musical notes produced by heat, 97.
Muscular contraction by electricity, 202.
Musschenbroek of Leyden, 198.
Mythology, ancient, probable origin of, 353.
Natural polarization, 145.
Nebulous state of matter, 23.
Neptune, discovery of, 32.
Newton on gravitating force, 49.
Newton on motion, 9.
Newton’s hypothesis of matter, 4.
---- theory of heat, 115.
---- theory of light, 120.
---- theory of colours, 135.
Niepce on the chemical radiations, 168.
Nitrogen, magnetic neutrality of, 259.
----, combinations of, 324.
----, supposed metallic nature of, 325.
Nocturnal radiation, 83.
Northern lights, the, 268.
Obsidian transparency to heat, 66.
Ocean, waters of, 303.
Oersted discovers electro-magnetism, 238.
Orders of animals, 386.
Organic creation, influence, 185.
---- compounds, 283.
---- compounds, influence of light on them, 181.
---- chemistry, 331.
---- cell, 360.
---- remains, 337.
Organized forms, varieties of, 35.
---- bodies, heat of, 104.
Organization, progress of, 385.
Oxides, metallic, 326.
Oxidizable metals, 305.
Oxygen gas magnetic, 259.
---- and nitrogen, uses of, 321.
---- and carbon in animals, 396.
Ozone, 299.
---- and electricity, 217.
Palladium maintaining slow combustion, 309.
Parathermic rays, 74.
---- rays, influence in nature, 377.
Particles, Dumas on, 39.
Peach on phosphorescence of the sea, 159.
Pearsall on phosphorescence, 160.
Pendulum, oscillation of, indicates the earth’s motion, 13.
Perkins on repulsion of heat, 108.
Permeation of heat, 96.
Perturbations of Uranus, 31.
Pestilential diseases, 216.
Phenomena of vision, 148.
----, natural, of electricity, 194.
----, recent geological, 349.
Phosphorescence of animals, 154.
---- of plants, 156.
Phosphorescent spectrum, 184.
Phosphoric acid detected in the oldest rocks, 337.
Photosphere of the sun, 123.
Photography, 170.
----, its importance, 180.
Physiological influences of electricity, 219.
Physical forces, action of, 4, 45.
---- forces, modes of motion, 7.
---- properties of polarized light, 142.
Physiological influences of magnetism, 268.
Pilchard, on the, by Couch, 315.
Plants, distribution of, dependent on light, 133.
----, phosphorescence of, 156.
----, respiration of, 312.
---- and animals, dependence of, 313.
----, growth of, 368.
---- bend to the light, 373.
----, distribution of, 378.
---- of the Tropics, 381.
Plane polarization, 141.
“Plastic nature” of Cudworth, 10.
Plateau’s experiment on bodies relieved from gravitation, 33.
Platinum maintaining slow combustion, 309.
Plato on motion, 10.
---- on light, 119.
Plesiosaurus, the, 341.
Pliocene formations, 346.
Plücker on crystallo-magnetic force, 57.
---- on diamagnetic bodies, 256.
Plumule, use of, 369.
Plutonic rocks, 334.
Polarization, circular and elliptical, 143.
Polarization of light, 139.
Polar condition of matter, 265.
Polypes and infusoria, 387.
Porosity of matter, 41.
Porta, Baptista--camera obscura, 149.
Powers, active, in nature, 405.
Prevost, theory of, on heat, 96.
Primary origin of our planet, 334.
Principles of motion, 10.
Prismatic refraction, 121.
---- rays, heat of, 67.
---- analysis of sunbeam, 134.
Principle of gravitation, 29.
----, elementary, 38.
Properties, essential, of matter, 5.
Pseudomorphism, 54.
Psychology of flowers, 357.
Pterodactyl, the, 342.
Pythagorean doctrine of motion, 10.
Quinine, solution, influence of, on light, 129.
Radiant heat, 69.
Radiation and absorption of heat, 77.
----, nocturnal, 83.
Raia torpedo, 211.
Raymond, Du Bois, on animal electricity, 221.
Refrangibility, rays of high, 130.
---- of solar forces, 168.
Refraction, prismatic, 121.
Races, dependence of, 315.
Repulsion of heat, 108.
Respiration of animals, 310.
---- plants, 312.
Rest, absolute and relative, 15.
Respiration a cause of heat, 105.
Retina, the, 149.
Revelations of nature, 401.
Revolution of magnetic poles, 246.
Robinson on decomposition by heat, 98.
Rock formations, 335.
Rocks, conducting power of, 224.
Rosse’s, Lord, telescopes, 25.
Rumford, Count, experiments on heat, 18.
---- on chemical properties of light, 99.
Rings, Newton’s, 137.
Safety lamp of Davy, 309.
Salt rock, transparency to heat, 65.
Saturn’s ring explained, 34.
Savart on vibrating plates, 257.
Seasons, influence of heat on the, 70.
Sea, phosphorescence of, 158.
Schönbein on ozone, 299.
Schwabe on solar spots, 243.
Seebeck on thermo-electricity, 211, 248.
Selenite and alabaster, 60.
Sénarmont on conducting power of crystals for heat, 257.
Shooting stars, 21.
Silicon, allotropic state of, 43.
Silica, substitution of, 345.
Simple bodies, chemical, 329.
Sky of tropical climes, 319.
Slow combustion in animals, 397.
Smee on electricity and vitality, 219.
Solar system, motion of, 11.
---- disc, light from, 185.
---- influence on magnetism, 263.
Solidification of gases by Faraday, 112.
Solstices, summer and winter, 77.
Solar spots connected with magnetism, 243.
Solar phosphori, 161.
Somerville, Mrs., magnetises needles by light, 263.
Sound and light, analogy of, 151.
Spectra produced by polarization of light, 144.
Spectrum, dark lines of, 125.
Spheroidal condition of fluids, 107.
Spontaneous ignition, 307.
Stahl on phlogiston, 305.
Stars, shooting, theories of, 21.
Steel ornaments incandescent, 137.
Stereoscope, the, 151.
Stokes, Prof., on fluorescence, 130.
Stratified formations, 334.
Strength of animals, 400.
Structure, influence of, on magnetism, 256.
----, relation of, to physical phenomena, 257.
Struvé on motion of solar system, 12.
Substitution, chemical, 279.
----, law of, 288.
Substances, all, electric, 197.
Subterranean temperature, 91.
Sulphuric acid, permeability to heat, 65.
Surfaces, action of, 282.
Sulzar on galvanism, 201.
Sulphuretted hydrogen, solid, 111.
Sun, the central, 28.
----, the source of light, 121.
----, physical state of the, 123.
----, a magnetic centre, 265.
Tadpole, metamorphosis of, 389.
Talbot’s sensitive photographic process, 178.
Telegraph, electric, 231.
Temperature of incandescence, 68.
Temperature, subterranean, 91.
Terrestrial currents of electricity, 224.
---- magnetism, 255.
Thales of Miletus discovers electricity, 193.
Theories of light, 86, 118.
Thermography, 188.
Thermometric examination of the temperature of flowers, 76.
Thermo-electricity, 209.
Theory of motion producing force, 15.
Thilorier on solid carbonic acid, 111.
Time, influence of, 332.
Tissues, catalytic power of, 310.
Tourmaline, action of, on light, 142.
Trade winds, 81.
Transition series of rocks, 336.
Transparency, calorific, 67.
----, luminous, 124.
Transmutation of matter, 37.
Transmission of light, 128.
Transcalescent bodies, 94.
Trevelyan, Mr., on vibration of heated metals, 97.
Tyndale proves the influence of structure on magnetism, 258.
Type, elements of the organic, 289.
Undulations producing colour, 131.
Undulatory theory of heat, 115.
---- theory of light, 121.
Uranus, discovery of, 31.
Uranium glass, influence of, on light, 129.
Vapour, elastic force of, 318.
Variation, magnetic, 244.
Vegetables conductors of electricity, 379.
Vegetable life, phenomena of, 357.
Vegetation of carboniferous epoch, 339.
Velocity of electricity, 231.
Vertebrate animals, 390.
Vision, phenomena of, 148.
Vis vitæ, vital principle, 391.
Vision single with a pair of eyes, 150.
Vitality superior to physical force, 53.
Vision, seat of, 149.
Volume, doctrine of, 287.
Volcanic action referred to chemical action, 271.
Volatilization of matter, 27.
Voltaic electricity, 201.
Water, absorption of heat by, 74.
---- frozen free of air, 112.
---- free of air, peculiar state of, 113.
----, electricity in a drop of, 204.
----, composition of, 296.
Wargentin’s notice of aurora, 248.
Wave movement of heat and light, 68.
Wealden formations, 343.
Wedgwood on incandescence, 100.
Wells, Dr., on dew, 84.
Wiedemann on electrical vibrations, 257.
Wenzel’s proportional numbers, 277.
Winds dependent on heat, 80.
Wollaston notices dark lines in spectrum, 125.
World, its age, 404.
Young on molecular forces, 49.
Zodiacal light, 25.
Zoophytes, microscopic, 387.
THE END.
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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE.
Archaic, obsolete, unusual and inconsistent spellings have been
maintained as in the original book. Obvious errors have been fixed as
detailed below.
Some entries in the index were out of alphabetical order in the
original book. They have been moved without noting them in the details
below.
The totals in the various tables are not equal to the sum of the column
above them. I assume this is due to round off error, or details in the
original data which are not represented here. No attempt has been made
to correct these totals.
In the original book, half of the publisher’s catalogue (Bohn’s Books)
was in the beginnig of the book. It was moved to immediately precede
the other half of the catalogue at the end of the book.
Preface, Contents, Introduction, Index, Bohn’s Books and Transcriber’s
Note have been added to the table of contents. Only the chapters of
the book were in the table of contents in the original book. The title
"Bohn’s Books" was inserted into the beginning of the publisher’s book
catalogue.
In the table below, the first line shows the text in this ebook, the
second line shows the text in the original book.
Page vii.: conditions of Matter--Diamagnetism, &c. 235
Originally: conditions of Matter--Dia-Magnetism, &c. 235
Page viii.: Time, an element in Nature’s Operations--Geological
Originally: Time, an element in Nature’s Operations==Geological
Page viii.: Progress of Matter towards Organization
Originally: Progress of Matter rowards Organization
Page xii.: of external nature, evoked beautiful spiritualizations
Originally: of external nature, evoked beautiful spirtualizations
Footnote 1: Boscovich regarded the constitution of matter differently
Originally: Boscovitch regarded the constitution of matter differently
Footnote 1: full explanation of the theory of Boscovich.)
Originally: full explanation of the theory of Boscovitch.)
Page 8: The views of metaphysicians regarding motion involve
Originally: The views of metaphyscians regarding motion involve
Page 14: tremulous gyration upon the deck of a vast aërial ship
Originally: tremulous gyration upon the deck of a vast aerial ship
Page 27: agent of organisation and all manifestations of beauty?
Originally: agent of organisation and all manifestatious of beauty?
Footnote 18: fixes, est déterminée par ce qui précède entre certaines
Originally: fixes, est determinée par ce qui précède entre certaines
Footnote 18: est le groupe central de l’ensemble du système
Originally: est le groupe central l’ensemble du système
Footnote 24: into a single mass at the bottom of the flask under
Originally: into a single mass at the bottom of the flask unde
Page 42: with which the particles combined, from interstices,
Originally: with which the particles combined, from insterstices,
Page 45: bromine, &c., are the results of different _allotropic_
Originally: bromime, &c., are the results of different _allotropic_
Page 46: which,--from the imperfections of science,--resisting
Originally: which,--from the imperfectious of science,--resisting
Page 46: The experiments of Faraday and of Plücker prove
Originally: The experiments of Faraday and of Plucker prove
Footnote 25: Young’s _Natural Philosophy_; ed. by Rev. P. Kelland.
Originally: Young’s _Natural Philosophy_; ed. by Rev. P. Lelland.
Footnote 35: Hence the origin of compound and visible bodies; hence
Originally: Hence the origin of compouud and visible bodies; hence
Page 50: her operations, but the very processes themselves.
Originally: her operations, but the very processes themselvss.
Paqe 59: combination appears to the eye in no respect different
Originally: combinatiou appears to the eye in no respect different
Page 61: Those fissures formed by the first system of crystalline
Originally: Those fissures formed by the first sytsem of crystalline
Page 68: luminous power are sufficiently striking to convince us
Originally: luminous power are sufficienlty striking to convince us
Page 109: of temperature is experienced.[79] Professor Plücker, of
Originally: of temperature is experienced.[79] Professor Plucker, of
Footnote 55: this motion. He was followed by Musschenbroek, and then
Originally: this motion. He was followed by Muschenbroek, and then
Footnote 61: _regarding the internal temperature of the Earth_: by
Originally: _regarding the internal temperature of tha Earth_: by
Footnote 78: _en vertu de l’état sphéroïdal dans un creuset_
Originally: _en vertu de l’état sphérodïal dans un creuset_
Page 121: Fraunhofer, Herschel, Brewster, and others, but proceed
Originally: Frauenhofer, Herschel, Brewster, and others, but proceed
Page 123: between charcoal points at the poles of a powerful voltaic
Originally: between charcoal points a the poles of a powerful voltaic
Page 129: of quinine, and the fluor spar, we obtain the same results
Originally: of quinine, and the flour spar, we obtain the same results
Page 140: the first instance, by Erasmus Bartholin, in Iceland-spar,
Originally: the first instance, by Erasmus Bartolin, in Iceland-spar,
Page 145: from what has been already stated, that some
Originally: from what has beeen already stated, that some
Page 153: to prove that light is absolutely necessary to
Originally: to prove that light is absolutely neccessary to
Page 159: of light behind them.[113] By microscopic examination
Originally: of light behind them.[113] By miscroscopic examination
Page 159: Benvenuto Cellini gave a curious account of a carbuncle
Originally: Benvenuto Cellini give a curious account of a carbuncle
Page 160: near a fire. From this it may be inferred that the
Originally: near a a fire. From this it may be infered that the
Footnote 88: Brande’s _Manual of Chemistry_; or, indeed, any work
Originally: Brande’s _Mannal of Chemistry_; or, indeed, any work
Footnote 94: Schouw, _Grundzüge der Pflanzengeographie_. Also his
Originally: Schouw, _Grundüzge der Pflanzengeographie_. Also his
Footnote 95: Fraunhofer’s measure of illuminating power is as
Originally: Frauenhofer’s measure of illuminating power is as
Footnote 99: _Sur une Propriété de la Lumière Réfléchie_: Mémoires
Originally: _Sur une Propriété de la Lumière Réfléchie_: Memoires
Page 176: the strongest sunlight which has passed through
Originally: the strongest sun-light which has passed through
Page 179: productions of the photographer as on those of the
Originally: productions of the photograper as on those of the
Page 180: preserve the lineaments of those who have benefited
Originally: preserve the lineaments of those who have benefitted
Page 185: line, over which no action takes place, is preserved at
Originally: line, over which no action takes plates, is preserved at
Page 185: presented to us by a circular body: calorific action seems
Originally: present to us by a circular body: calorific action seems
Page 188: piece of wood is used instead of a metal, there will, by
Originally: piece of wood is used instead of a medal, there will, by
Footnote 126: _dans la végétation_: by Senebier; Genève et Paris, 1788
Originally: _dans la végetation_: by Senebier; Genève et Paris, 1788
Page 198: Leyden phial,--so called from its inventor, Musschenbroek,
Originally: Leyden phial,--so called from its inventor, Muschenbrock,
Page 219: may be made a measurer of nervous irritability.[154] There
Originally: may be made a measurer of nervous iritability.[154] There
Footnote 141: _Traité Expérimental de l’Électricité et du Magnétisme_:
Originally: _Traité Expérimental de l’Electricité et du Magnétisme_:
Footnote 146: _Traité Expérimental de l’Électricité et du Magnétisme_.
Originally: _Traité Expérimental de l’Electricité et du Magnétisme_
Footnote 160: where the cobalt was discovered between two portions of
Originally: where the cobalt was discovered betweed two portions of
Page 235: Storms--Magnetic conditions of Matter--Diamagnetism,
Originally: Storms--Magnetic conditions of Matter--Dia-Magnetism,
Page 236: Magnêtum, quia sit patriis in finibus ortus.
Originally: Magnêtum, buia sit patriis in finibus ortus.
Page 251: conditions of change in this our earth: an element to
Originally: conditions of change in this our earth: an elemeut to
Page 257: Wiedemann, by employing a fine point through which
Originally: Wiedmann, by employing a fine point through which
Page 258: than in any other. M. Wiedemann comes to the conclusion
Originally: than in any other. M. Wiedmann comes to the conclusion
Page 260: salt, the protosulphate, ordinarily crystallizes so that
Originally: salt, the proto-sulphate, ordinarily crystallizes so that
Footnote 176: Humboldt: _Exposé des Variations Magnétiques_.
Originally: Humboldt: _Exposé des Variations Magnetiques_.
Footnote 188: _Electro-Magnetic Influence_, by Professor Zantedeschi.
Originally: _Electro-Magnetic Influence_, by Professor Zandeteschi.
Footnote 190: detailed account of the experiments of Faraday, Plücker,
Originally: detailed account of the experiments of Faraday, Plucker,
Page 276: light determine these changes? It is evident, although
Originally: light determine these change? It is evident, although
Page 281: chemical change. Döbereiner next discovered that
Originally: chemical change. Dœbereiner next discovered that
Page 282: a fearful example in the progress of Asiatic
Originally: a fearful example in the progress of Asatic
Page 300: as being either peroxide of hydrogen, or an allotropic
Originally: as being either per-oxide of hydrogen, or an allotropic
Page 304: the gas which we employ so advantageously for illumination
Originally: the gas which we emply so advantageously for illumination
Page 306: increasing,--true combustion takes place. In this way
Originally: increasing,--true combustion takes plaee. In this way
Page 306: sawdust, &c., frequently ignite; and to such an
Originally: saw-dust, &c., frequently ignite; and to such an
Page 316: Mr. Darwin remarks, that if the immense sea-weeds of
Originally: Mr. Darwin remarks, that if the immense seaweeds of
Page 317: When Shakespeare made his charming Ariel sing--
Originally: When Shakspeare made his charming Ariel sing--
Footnote 212: (Redundant line removed before item 2 in table.)
Originally: According to one view, | According to the other view,
Page 334: speculation, which may have occasional marks of ingenuity,
Originally: speculation, whieh may have occasional marks of ingenuity,
Page 337: origin, the rational inference is against the speculation;
Originally: orgin, the rational inference is against the speculation;
Page 370: capsule of _nigella orientalis_ consists of pods assembled
Originally: capsule of _nigilla orientalis_ consists of pods assembled
Page 370: a centre, and partially united; in _nigella damascena_
Originally: a centre, and partially united; in _nigilla damascena_
Page 399: whose minds are sceptical upon any development of the
Originally: whose mind are sceptical upon any development of the
Page 406: evidence of a beautiful adjustment of the balance of
Originally: evidence of a beautifnl adjustment of the balance of
Page 408: Let but a slight disturbance occasion a vibration
Originally: Let but a slight disturbance occcasion a vibration
Page 409: A cheerless philosophy, derived from the transcendentalism
Originally: A cheerless philosophy, derived from the transendentalism
Page 410: which are allowed the privilege of tracing out its
Originally: which are alowed the privilege of tracing out its
Page 413: Aëreal currents dependent on heat, 80.
Originally: Æreal currents dependent on heat, 80.
Page 413: Animal electricity, 211, 392.
Originally: Magnetic electricity, 211, 392.
Page 413: Bartholin on Iceland spar, 140.
Originally: Bartolin on Iceland spar, 140.
Page 414: Cagniard de la Tour state, 106.
Originally: Caignard de la Tour state, 106.
Page 415: Döbereiner’s lamp, 281.
Originally: Doebereiner’s lamp, 281.
Page 415: Eye, mechanism of, 149.
Originally: Eye, mechanism of, 491.
Page 416: ---- on diamagnetism, 254.
Originally: ---- on dia-magnetism, 254.
Page 418: Musschenbroek of Leyden, 198.
Originally: Muschenbrock of Leyden, 198.
Page 421: Wiedemann on electrical vibrations, 257.
Originally: Wiedman on electrical vibrations, 257.
Bohn’s Books: =LOUDON’S (MRS.) ENTERTAINING NATURALIST=,
Originally: =LOUDON’S (MRS.) ENTERTAING NATURALIST=,
Bohn’s Books: Indexes of Scientific and Popular Names. _With_
Originally: Indexes of Scientific and and Popular Names. _With_
Bohn’s Books: =18. PLATO.= Vol. III. By G. BURGES, M.A. [Euthydemus,
Originally: =8. PLATO.= Vol. III. By G. BURGES, M.A. [Euthydemus,
Bohn’s Books: =35. JUVENAL, PERSIUS, &c.= By the REV. L. EVANS, M.A.
Originally: =34. JUVENAL, PERSIUS, &c.= By the REV. L. EVANS, M.A.