apartments, containing the most requisite of modern improvements,
suitable to the requirements of a good-sized family. The general outline
of the ground plan is nearly square—30 × 36 feet—securing the greatest
economy in expense of construction, and embracing a liberal provision
for comfort, and a suitable regard for appearances, without sacrificing
one for the other. There is always a certain boldness in the exterior,
or _elevation_, of a square double front, which no other style affords,
expressive of substantial dignity. The two Bay-windows and Porch are
united in construction, the porch having its ends partly sheltered by the
projecting bay-windows, is a pleasant feature. The second story, attic,
and cupola windows, have circular heads, with heavy dressing. The main
Cornice is heavily trussed; the Cupola is large and roomy, and all are
proportioned to make this house worthy of almost any situation.... The
CELLAR extends under the whole house, with walls of hard brick and mortar
8 inches thick, and 7 feet high, and should extend 1½ inches outside of
the frame-work of the house, so as to be “flush” with the sheathing. The
cross-walls, as shown on the plan, are of the same materials; all such
walls should have “heading-courses” every 20 inches, and if in sandy
bottom, a suitable bedding should be provided, as described for Design
XII., which will insure a perfectly safe and satisfactory foundation. The
AREA walls should be made of hard brick, with stone coping and steps,
laid in cement mortar. All chimneys should be started and laid up with
the foundation, and the materials interlaced to bind them together;
this will insure additional strength to both foundation and chimney. We
recommend plastering, or “laying off” the ceiling of the cellar, with
one coat of brown mortar, at a cost of $25, which would be a permanent
benefit to the whole house, in preventing the damp cellar air from rising
up through the floors and frame-work of the house. Such air is almost
sure to be vitiated by decaying vegetable matter, and is the undoubted
source of much disease. Another advantage derived from such plastering
is the shutting out of rats and mice from the frame-work of the house,
and lastly, it affords an opportunity of purifying and sweetening the
cellar easily by (the simplest of all means) a coat of white-wash....
The materials used in the Frame are indicated in the estimate appended
below. Sills should be framed for each cross and outside wall, so as to
secure equal bearings, and allow for even shrinkages; and when put in
position, they should be bedded in mortar, to prevent any inequalities in
the bearings of the frame-work, to strengthen the foundation, and also
to effectually shut out cold air from getting between the cellar ceiling
and the first floor. All beams and studding are placed 16 inches from
centers. The first tier of beams should be framed into the sills, and
their tenons wedged from the outside, to “draw them home.” They should
also bear upon the wall equally with the sill. All beams having a span
of 12 feet and over, should have at least one row of cross-bridging of
1¼ × 3-inch “fencing.” The second and third story beams are notched over
the ties, and spiked fast. The cupola posts rest directly on the center
girts, and the principal roof-timbers are framed and secured to these
posts. In this frame there need be no tendency to self-destruction,
so common in large buildings, such as oblique or outward thrusts, or
irregularity of bearings, but a perfect “repose” is secured to every
piece of timber in the house.... The BAY-WINDOW frame-work (see fig. 140)
is 1 inch less in depth than the principal sills of the house, to allow
for the thickness of the boarding beneath them, so that the water-table,
when put around the house may be in line. The distances given on the
diagram of the bay frame may be relied upon as correct. “Bay-windows are
apt to be cold,” is often said, but a sure preventive of such “cold”
is easily secured by filling in between the beams and panels with dry
sand, which will make them as tight as any other part of a house.—The
_character_ and _quality_ of a house depends greatly upon the material
and manner of SIDING. In our estimate we have provided for mill-worked
sheathing, which should be put on diagonally, and thoroughly nailed to
the frame, which will serve the double purpose of securing more warmth
and strength than any “filling in” of brick, and is less expensive. A
strip of the same thickness as the sheathing, and 2 inches wide, should
be first nailed to the sill, close down to the masonry, to prevent the
air from entering the joints of the sheathing, and following them upwards
into the house. Tarred paper is next stretched over the sheathing,
when the window-frames, water-table, and corner-boards should be set,
and lastly, the novelty-siding put on, and double-nailed to each stud.
The Windows are arranged for each sash to be hung, and all to have
blinds. All windows above the first story have “circular heads,” with
caps turned of 4-inch timber. The Keys shown on the elevation are sawed
out at the back, so as to fit over the caps (not cut through them).
This is much simpler, more ornamental, and does not impair or affect
the solid head.—The roof projects 27 inches beyond the frame of the
building, and is covered with IC. charcoal tin, laid and soldered in
the best manner, on sound hemlock boards. The gutters of the main house
are made as described for Design V.... The FIRST STORY plan (fig. 141)
shows the general division of four rooms and three halls. The Entrance
Hall, or Reception Room, is 7 × 12 feet. The Stairway Hall is also 7
× 12 feet. The Rear Hall is 7 × 7 feet. These halls are divided from
each other by sash doors. The entrance hall is divided from the parlor
and dining-room by large _double_ doors. The advantages of dividing the
halls in the manner shown will be obvious to any one when they consider
how cold, windy, and cheerless most halls are. By this arrangement all
drafts are prevented, either when opening the entrance door, or when
passing from one room to another. The inside double doors may be swung
open altogether, throwing the principal rooms of the lower floor into
one spacious apartment, if occasion should require, for a large company,
without altering to any material degree the temperature of these rooms.
The stairway hall contains the principal stairs, which are of the easiest
“platform” construction, so arranged that a more private stairway is
entirely unnecessary. The rear hall is the common hall of the house, and
is easily reached from every part. The Parlor is the largest room, has a
bay-window, marble mantle, and fire-place heater, and is separated from
the library by sliding doors. The Dining-room has also a bay-window,
marble mantle, and fire-place heater, and is intended as the Living-room.
It is conveniently connected with the kitchen, stairway hall, entrance
hall, and has a good pantry (_c_). The Kitchen is separated from the
dining-room by a single door, and in close proximity to the rear
entrance and cellar stairway doors. It contains one large closet, range
with elevated oven, warm-closet, and water-back, boiler, sink, and
wash-tubs. The Kitchen should be wainscoted 3 feet high, with ⅝ × 3-inch
ceiling-boards. The clock and lamp-shelf should be put between the
closet and hall doors, and not over the range. The advantage of having
the kitchen on the same floor with the dining-room must be apparent to
every one.... The SECOND STORY plan (fig. 142) is divided into four large
chambers, a child’s bedroom, a bath-room, five closets, with a good-sized
hall. The two Front Chambers are heated by hot air from the “fire-place”
heaters of the first story, so that they are always comfortable in the
coldest weather. For many reasons we prefer the fire-place heaters over
any other. They take little room, are cheerful in appearance, easy of
management, and economical, requiring attention but twice in twenty-four
hours, if hard coal is used. Each heater will keep two ordinary sized
rooms comfortable in winter, and are not unsightly in summer. Like any
other device for heating, the perfect and satisfactory results depend
altogether on the manner of setting them. In no case should a heater be
expected to develop its full power when placed in a fire-place in so
close proximity with the brick as to allow the hot air to strike against
and be absorbed by them. The heater should be enclosed in a jacket of
sheet-iron, having an 8-inch opening, and a collar at the top. Attached
to the collar, and “built in” the chimney, should be an 8-inch tin pipe,
connecting with the register-box in the second story. Above this box
this flue should be entirely closed. The smoke-pipe should be 4-inch,
and pass up through the 8-inch tin pipe to the register-box, where an
elbow should be put on, turning the smoke into the side flue adjoining.
The side flue should have no other side openings. The Bath-room has
bath-tub, seat-closet, wash-basin, with cold and hot water faucets. Each
chamber to the right of the hall to have wash-basins. These Chambers have
marble mantle shelves, resting on plaster trusses, at an expense of $6
each, which answer the purpose that a $20 mantle would, and are really
more cheerful and appropriate for such rooms.... The Attic is reached
by the enclosed stairway, and is arranged so that two or four bedrooms
may be “finished off” as required. The Tank is placed on the floor over
the bath-rooms, and is supplied partly from the roof, and partly by the
force-pump in the kitchen. All the remaining space in the attic may be
used for storage, etc.... The Cupola-room is 7 × 7 feet, reached by
a light stairway. The head-room is made to subserve the purpose of a
stand or table, so that really very little room is taken away by the
stairs.... Very few people have any definite idea of the expense of the
separate items that are comprehended under the head of Plumbers’ Work.
The following estimate in detail of plumbing, required in this house,
gives facts and figures enough to enable any one to decide just how much
plumbing can be done for any given sum, viz.:
Sheet-lead, 3½ lbs. to square ft., for tank, 2 × 4 × 6 ft.,
with stop-cock. $21.00
Bath-tub, 10 oz., $15; plated flange and thimble-cock, $6;
plated plug and chain. 22.50
Pan-closet, $12.25; plated cup and pull, $1.50; French bowl,
$2.20; trap, 4 in., $3.75. 19.70
3 wash-basins, $1.70 each; marble slabs, $5 each; plug, stud,
and chain, $1.50 each; 2 cocks, trap, screw, plug, $3 each. 36.60
1 iron sink, 18 × 24 inches, $2; 2 cocks, $3.50; trap and
screw, $1. 6.50
35-gallon copper boiler, $27; with stand, $2. 29.00
Force-pump, with brass cylinder. 17.00
20 ft. 4-in. iron soil-pipe, at 50c. per ft. 10.00
372 lbs. supply and circulation pipe, at 8½c. per lb. 31.62
125 lbs. waste-pipe, at 8½c. per lb. 10.63
Solder, tacks, and charcoal for this job. 3.00
5 days’ time, plumber and helper, $6 per day. 30.00
-------
Total amount of cost. $237.55
10 per cent added by plumbers in estimating. 23.75
-------
Total Plumber’s charges for the job. $261.30
To the bill for plumbing we add the cost of:
_Range_, with elevated oven, warm-closet, water-back,
set complete. $80.00
_Heaters_, 2 “fire-place,” with registers and heating
pipes, $45 each. 90.00
COST.—Estimate of cost of building by this plan. It will be noticed that
the prices given for bay-windows, porch, lobby, stairs, windows, cupola,
and doors, include materials and labor complete, and that the amount of
carpenters’ work is for the balance of such labor required on the job:
100 yards excavation, at 20c. per yard. $20.00
24,000 brick, furnished and laid, at $12 per M. 288.00
950 yards plastering, 3-coat, at 28c. per yard. 266.00
6,578 ft. timber, at $15 per M. 98.67
4 sills, 4 × 8 in. 30 ft. long.
2 sills, 4 × 8 in. 36 ft. long.
10 posts, 4 × 7 in. 24 ft. long.
Ties, 4 × 6 in. 390 ft. long.
4 cupola posts, 4 × 6 in. 15 ft. long.
Plates, 4 × 6 in. 132 ft. long.
70 beams, 2 × 8 in. 15 ft. long.
60 beams, 2 × 8 in. 22 ft. long.
15 beams, 3 × 8 in. 22 ft. long.
4 hips, 3 × 8 in. 18 ft. long.
4 valleys, 3 × 8 in. 18 ft. long.
14 rafters, 3 × 5 in. 17 ft. long.
100 joist, 3 × 4 in. 13 ft. long, at 22c. each. 22.00
400 wall-strips, 2 × 4 in. 13 ft. at 11c. each. 44.00
320 sheathing, ⅞ × 10 in. 13 ft. long, at 25c. 80.00
200 lbs. tarred paper, at 5c. per lb. 10.00
320 novelty siding-boards, 9½ inch, at 38c. each. 121.60
195 hemlock roof boards, at 22c. each. 42.90
240 tongued and grooved flooring, at 35c. each. 84.00
168 ft. cornice, at 70c. per ft. 117.60
17½ squares of tin roofing, at $10 per square. 175.00
190 ft. gutters and leaders, at 10c. per foot. 19.00
Cupola, complete, except tin (included above). 100.00
2 bay-windows, complete, at $75 each. 150.00
1 porch, complete, $75; lobby, complete, $50. 125.00
4 stairs, complete, $100; 17 windows, complete, $15. 355.00
5 cellar windows, at $6 each. 30.00
34 doors, at $12 each. 408.00
2 marble mantles, at $30 each. 60.00
4 marble shelves, at $6 each. 24.00
5 kegs nails, at $5 each. 25.00
Painting. 250.00
Cartage, average 1 mile. 56.40
Shelving, base, bell-hanging, etc. 73.70
Carpenter’s labor. 360.00
Plumbing, as detailed above. 261.80
Range, $80; Incidentals, $162.83; 2 heaters, at $45, $90. 296.33
---------
Total cost of house. $4,000.00
[Illustration: Fig. 138.—ELEVATION OF FRONT OF HOUSE.]
[Illustration: Fig. 139.—PLAN OF CELLAR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 140.—FRAMING OF BAY-WINDOW.]
[Illustration: Fig. 141.—PLAN OF FIRST FLOOR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 142.—PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR.]
DESIGN XXXIII.
A BRICK HOUSE COSTING $4,000.
This plan was designed for the residence of Dr. Samuel McClure, of
Olney, Ill. The style and general characteristics are significant of
elegance and comfort, and suggest its adaptation to suburban, rather
than the more rural situations.... ELEVATION, (fig. 143.)—There is a
peculiar compactness in the outlines of the principal building, while
the piazza and tower contribute largely to the symmetry and gracefulness
of the entire structure. The general details of the exterior are quite
simple in themselves, and are so proportioned and arranged as to
adapt them to each other with artistic effect, and to produce marked
features of unity and completeness.... FIRST STORY, (fig. 144.)—Hight
of ceiling, 11 feet. The general divisions and arrangements are simple
and practical. The principal entrance from the piazza is through outside
and vestibule doors. The outside doors are made in pairs, with solid
panels heavily moulded on the face. The vestibule doors are of similar
construction, except that their upper panels are of glass. There is a
seeming extravagance in such “vestibules,” or duplication of doors,
at the entrance of any dwelling, and they may be regarded as a luxury
rather than a necessity, and would be superfluous and inappropriate in
the ordinary cottage or farm-house; but in residences of this character,
where there is abundant space, such vestibules are manifestly proper,
adding a feature of elaborateness, and providing for many contingencies
of times and seasons. The outside, or storm-doors, afford protection
against extreme cold and severe storms, and furnish additional security.
The vestibule, or “glass” doors, admit an abundance of cheerful light
to the hall. The Main Hall is roomy, and contains the principal stairs,
which are of platform construction, are wide, and have hard-wood rail,
balusters, and newel. The Parlor and Dining-room adjoin the hall
through large double doors. The parlor and bed-room are separated by
sliding doors. The Bed-room has doors leading to the principal hall
and to the bath-room, which has a wash-basin and water-closet. The
Kitchen is supplied with a range, with elevated oven and a water-back;
a 30-gallon copper boiler, a sink with closet underneath, a pump, and
stationary wash-tubs in three divisions, and it connects through doors
with the dining-room, rear lobby, cellar-stairway, a large pantry, and
a dish-closet. The Rear Lobby is arranged to connect with the rear
entrance, kitchen, bath-room, and principal hall. The Bath-room contains
a tank, with a capacity for four hogsheads of water (placed near the
ceiling), bath-tub, washstand, and seat-closet. Lead pipes necessary for
the supply and distribution of cold and hot water, are provided in the
kitchen and bath-room. Marble mantles are provided for the principal
rooms of this story, at an average cost of $25 each. Double architraves
are intended for the trimmings of the windows and doors in the principal
apartments, and neat chair-backs are provided for the dining-room
and kitchen.... SECOND STORY (fig. 145.)—By the peculiar method of
constructing the roof and frame-work, it will be found that the inside
walls of this story are vertical or plumb, instead of angling as in the
usual Mansard roof. The ceiling is 9 feet high. This story has a hall,
four large and one small rooms, five closets, and a stairway to the
tower. Each of the four large chambers have marble shelves resting on
plaster trusses, as described in Design XXXII. Single architraves are
intended for the trimming of this story.... CONSTRUCTION of the Walls
and Roof.—The excavations are made 1½ foot deep, and the earth thrown
out is used in grading around the house at completion, raising the
surrounding surface 1 foot. The foundation and cross-walls (fig. 146)
are 6½ feet high. The principal walls resting on the foundation are 14
feet 3 inches high, and the walls of the tower extend 11 feet 6 inches
above the principal walls. The walls inclosing the wing in the rear are
10 feet high; all of hard burned brick and good mortar. The exterior
walls of the foundation are 12 inches thick, and all other walls are 8
inches thick, and have heading courses every 2 feet. The bottom courses
of the exterior foundation, to the hight of 2½ feet, are laid in mortar
composed of hydraulic cement and sharp sand, to prevent the absorption
of dampness from the earth; all other mortar is composed of lime and
sand. All exterior surfaces of brick-work that are exposed to view have
“flush-joints,” and those intended for painting should be rubbed smooth.
All windows for the cellar and first story have sills of dressed stone,
and have heads neatly arched of brick-work. The window-caps for the first
story windows are laid of brick, as shown in sketch, (fig. 147). These
caps are easily executed while constructing the walls, and are quite
ornamental; the figures on the sketch denote the distances or projections
of the several parts beyond the face of the wall.... Plates of 3 × 8
timber are laid flatwise on top of the brick walls, and the upper or roof
framework is added as shown in section, (fig. 148): _A_, foundation, 12
inches thick; _B_, principal wall, 8 inches thick; _C_, _C_, tower walls;
_D_, _D_, tower posts, 4 × 6 inches, adjoining the upper portion of tower
walls, and forming a part of the tower; _E_, _E_, principal plates, 3 ×
8 laid on brick work; _F_, tie, 3 × 8, resting on 2 × 4 studding, placed
inside the wall, and nailed to the principal plates; _G_, _G_, rafters
sawed to pattern, the lower end projects one inch beyond the face of the
wall. _H_, ceiling timbers resting on the ties. The remaining framework
will be readily understood. The roofs are inclosed with rough hemlock
boards of even thickness, and thoroughly nailed to the rafters—and lastly
covered with IC. charcoal tin. The method of laying the tin on the
upright or Mansard part of the roof, is known in the trade as the “raised
groove” plan, in which all the vertical joints of the tin are raised and
folded, leaving an elevated seam or ridge, which stiffens the general
surface, and adds to the picturesqueness of this form of roof, without
increasing its cost. The balance of the tinning is laid with the ordinary
lock-joint and soldered. _Gas pipes_ are inserted in the framework so as
to be concealed, except where they appear for attachments for 4 ceiling
lights, and 4 side lights in the first story; for 8 side lights in the
second story; for 1 ceiling light in the tower, and for 1 side light in
the cellar. Ample opportunities for a thorough _Ventilation_ are provided
for in this plan. It will be seen that the four large rooms have windows
in two of their sides, affording the most certain and satisfactory means
of ventilation known.—Flues are also provided adjoining each room in
which registers are put, for use in the more severe weather. Provision
is made for the escape of the air from between the ceiling of the second
story and the roof.—Five strong tin 4-inch tubes, with funnel covers,
are inserted in the deck of the principal roof; four of them are placed
3 feet behind the chimneys, and one near the rear, connecting with a
flattened tube leading directly from the bath-room.... The following
ESTIMATE of the quantities of materials and labor, of their several
kinds, and their cost, embraces everything necessary to the completion
of the house, excepting the appliances for heating, which may consist of
a furnace, fire-place heaters, or open grates, as shall be best adapted
to the location. In this vicinity, where hard coal is the chief fuel, we
would suggest a furnace, placed in the cellar, with large pipes arranged
to convey warm air to the different parts of the house. In localities
where bituminous coal is used, the open grate gives good results, and
is exceedingly cheerful in appearance. There are ranges and parlor
stoves constructed to burn soft coal successfully, and it is undoubtedly
possible that heating furnaces may be adapted to the use of the same fuel.
ESTIMATE OF COST:
80 yards excavation, at 20c. per yard. $16.00
60,000 brick, complete, at $10 per M. 600.00
120 ft. stone sills and coping, at 30c. per ft. 36.00
1,000 yards plastering principal, complete, at 28c. per yard. 280.00
120 yards plastering ceiling of cellar, complete, at 15c. 18.00
4,763 ft. of timber, at $15 per M. 71.44
2 sills, 4 × 8 in. 28 ft. long.
68 beams, 3 × 8 in. 15 ft. long.
34 beams, 3 × 8 in. 8 ft. long.
4 beams, 3 × 7 in. 16 ft. long.
9 beams, 3 × 7 in. 19 ft. long.
4 girts, 4 × 6 in. 28 ft. long.
1 brace, 3 × 5 in. 30 ft. long.
4 hips, 3 × 6 in. 14 ft. long.
1 deck tie, 3 × 8 in. 138 ft. long.
1 deck plate, 3 × 6 in. 188 ft. long.
1 main plate, 3 × 8 in. 139 ft. long.
1 tower plate, 3 × 8 in. 34 ft. long.
4 tower posts, 4 × 6 in. 14 ft. long.
1 piazza, 3 × 7 in. 220 ft. long.
100 rough plank rafters, at 25c. each. 25.00
360 wall strips, 2 × 4 in., 12 ft., at 11c. each. 39.60
308 hemlock boards, 10 in. × 13 ft., at 18c. each. 55.44
250 mill-worked flooring boards, 9-in., at 30c. each. 75.00
130 furring strips, 1 × 2 in., 13 ft., at 5c. each. 6.50
31 squares of tin, at $8.50 per square. 263.50
16 windows, 1st story and tower, complete, at $16 each. 256.00
12 cellar windows, complete, at $8 each. 96.00
13 dormer windows, complete, at $20 each. 260.00
Cornices, principal and deck. 130.00
Piazza stoop and wing finish (except tin), complete. 300.00
Finial on tower. 8.00
Stairs, complete, $100.00; 38 doors, at $10 each,
complete, $380. 480.00
Finish in closets. 25.00
Mantels and shelves (of marble). 100.00
Range (with elevated oven and water back). 80.00
Plumbing and gas-pipes. 220.00
Nails and anchors. 27.10
Painting, $200; Cartage, $30. 230.00
Carpenter’s labor not included in the completed works. 250.00
Incidentals. 51.42
---------
Total cost, complete. $4,000.00
[Illustration: Fig. 143.—ELEVATION OF HOUSE.]
[Illustration: Fig. 144.—PLAN OF FIRST FLOOR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 145.—PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 146.—PLAN OF CELLAR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 147.—WINDOW-CAPS.]
[Illustration: Fig. 148.—SECTION OF FRAME.]
[Illustration: Fig. 149.—ELEVATION OF COUNTRY RESIDENCE.]
DESIGN XXXIV.
COUNTRY RESIDENCE COSTING $4,750.
On the next page is a perspective view of a residence built for Dr. B.
Clark, of Washington, Pa., from special designs made by me in 1876. The
style and general arrangements are similar to the one built for Dr.
McClure, last described, with the addition of a side extension or office,
and the completion of rooms in the basement for laundry purposes, and a
laboratory. This Building is substantially constructed, and tastefully
finished throughout. The hight of the ceilings in the first story are
12 feet, in the second 10 feet, and for the basement 8 feet. It has two
heaters, four open grates, a range, complete apparatus in bath rooms,
and distributing pipes for cold and hot water. The principal rooms are
frescoed, all others are kalsomined. A Reservoir constructed in the rear
part of the cellar, and provided with running spring water, is arranged
as a receptacle for milk cans, and supplies the Fountain shown in the
front lawn (this fountain, owing to the sloping surface of the grounds,
is several feet below the foundations of the house).... Dr. Clark moved
into his new house during the first week in February last, and writes
with reference to it, that “all in all it is the most tasteful in outside
appearance, convenient, and economically constructed building in this
section, and attracts a great deal of attention.”
The cost of this building, everything complete, was $4,750.
DESIGN XXXV.
A HOUSE COSTING $4,000.
These plans were designed for a suburban residence, to take the
place of one recently destroyed by fire. The original structure was
cubiform in outline, resembling a huge box; with unbroken facades,
and flat roof, destitute of beauty, and in strange contrast with the
tasteful surroundings. The owner desired to use the old foundations,
still in fair condition, without disturbing the grounds, underlying
pipes, etc., and thus retain the nearly square ground plan, but a
building with an exterior agreeing with the surroundings. While the
main object in presenting this design is to show that the ground
plans do not necessarily determine the style of exterior dress, its
general arrangement and character will be found to deserve favorable
consideration.... ELEVATION, (fig. 150.)—There is a constant demand for
“Mansard Roofs,” arising from an aspiration for structures signifying
originality and progressiveness. The animated features of this style
accord with activity, rather than of retirement, and adapt it to
prominent situations, skirting the more public thoroughfares. The
objections to such roofs result from their frequent misapplication.
They are manifestly inappropriate for retired or secluded situations,
or for persons of purely domestic tastes. They also lose their identity
and expressiveness when duplicated in close and continuous proximity,
as is often done in towns. But this is true of any other style. Variety
is the spice of architecture.... CELLAR, (fig. 151.)—Hight of 8 feet in
clear. It has an outside rear entrance, is well lighted, and contains
ample space for the furnace, and divisions for coal, vegetables, etc....
FIRST STORY, (fig. 152.)—Hight of ceilings, 10 feet. The accommodations
are conveniently arranged, and sufficient for a large family. The main
entrance from the piazza is through large double doors and a vestibule.
The Hall is central and spacious, communicating with the principal
rooms, and rear entry, and contains the main stairs, which are unusually
wide and easy. The Parlor and Library, divided by large sliding doors,
can be used separately, or together as one spacious room when desired.
The Dining-room and Kitchen adjoin, and have the necessary pantries,
range, pump, sink, and stationary wash-tubs, with cold and hot water. A
Conservatory is entered from the dining-room through double sash doors,
adding a cheerful feature to this apartment, where the family spend much
of their time. The rear may be reached from the dining-room in three
ways—by the main hall and rear entry, or through the kitchen, or most
pleasantly through the conservatory.... SECOND STORY, (fig. 153.)—Hight
of ceilings 9 feet. The divisions include a hall, four large chambers
with closets to each, a front hall bed-room, and a bath-room. Each of
the chambers has windows in two sides, giving opportunity for plentiful
light and fresh air. The clear width of the room sections, (5 yards
each), favors the economical cutting of carpets. The main stairs are
made continuous to the attic story. The Bath-room is furnished with a
bath-tub, wash-bowl, and seat-closet, and with cold and hot water....
CONSTRUCTION.—The foundations, stone-sills, area stoops, framing,
inclosing, flooring, plastering, and painting, are similar to those
described for Design XIII. Care should be taken in covering the roofs,
as the materials used (wood, tin, and slate), are entirely foreign to
each other, and can only be placed in _contact_, and indirectly united.
The wood should be thoroughly seasoned, to prevent a future disturbance
of the exterior covering. All flashings along the sides of the dormers
and other uprights should be 10 inches wide, and double painted before
being used. The conservatory is not floored, but is filled in with earth
level with the foundation walls. A walk is laid through the center, of 1⅛
× 4-inch slats, and the remaining space is devoted to plants. A furnace
is placed in the cellar, with pipes to convey warm air to the principal
rooms and halls of both stories, and to the conservatory. The pipes and
register boxes for conveying warm air to the second story, are placed
in the chimneys while building them. There are open fire-places in the
principal rooms, with marble mantles in the first story, and marble
shelves in the chambers. Stucco cornices and centers, of appropriate
patterns, are put in the principal rooms and hall of the first story. A
hall and stairway leading to the tower, is completed in the ATTIC, the
other portions of the third story are unfinished, but may be converted
into pleasant rooms for school purposes, or chambers, as desired.
ESTIMATE, Cost of materials and labor:
114 yards excavation, at 20c. per yard. $22.80
84 perches stone-foundation, at $2.75 per perch. 231.00
60 ft. blue-stone sills, steps, and coping, at 28c. per ft. 16.80
8,000 brick, furnished and laid, at $12 per M. 96.00
1,000 yards plastering, at 28c. per yard. 280.00
230 feet stucco cornices and centers, at 25c. per ft. 57.50
8,305 ft. of timber, at $15 per M. 124.57
2 girders, 4 × 8 in. 30 ft. long.
2 sills, 4 × 8 in. 30 ft. long.
2 sills, 4 × 8 in. 40 ft. long.
2 sills, 4 × 8 in. 23 ft. long.
2 sills, 4 × 8 in. 11 ft. long.
9 posts, 4 × 7 in. 23 ft. long.
2 posts, 4 × 7 in. 32 ft. long.
2 posts, 4 × 7 in. 12 ft. long.
2 posts, 4 × 6 in. 11 ft. long.
Ties, 4 × 6 in. 350 ft. long.
Plates, 4 × 6 in. 247 ft. long.
Perlines, 3 × 8 in. 215 ft. long.
51 beams, 3 × 8 in. 25 ft. long.
15 beams, 3 × 8 in. 21 ft. long.
50 beams, 3 × 8 in. 16 ft. long.
4 hips, 3 × 7 in. 14 ft. long.
Piazza, 3 × 7 in. 176 ft. long.
Piazza, 3 × 5 in. 86 ft. long.
6 locust posts at 30c, $1.80; 150 joists, at 16c., $24. 25.80
150 wall-strips, at 11c. each. 16.50
220 sheathing, at 18c., $39.60; 500 lbs. tarred felting, $20. 59.60
400 clapboards, at 12c. each. 48.00
870 hemlock boards for roof, at 16c. each. 59.20
14 squares slate, at $8½ per square. 119.00
20 squares tin, at $7½ per square. 150.00
Cornice materials. 89.62
335 pieces flooring (9-inch), at 18c. each. 60.30
Piazzas and porches, complete. 160.00
9 cellar windows, complete, at $5 each. 45.00
24 plain windows, complete, at $12 each. 288.00
18 dormer windows, complete, at $16 each. 288.00
Stairs, complete, $100; 45 doors, complete, at $10, $450. 550.00
Closets, $30; nails, $20. 50.00
3 marble mantles, $75; 4 marble shelves, $25. 100.00
Range and plumbing. 260.00
Sky-light in conservatory. 12.00
Furnace and pipes. 150.00
Carting, average 1 mile. 40.00
Carpenter’s labor, not included above. 300.00
Painting, $220; incidentals, $80.31. 300.31
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Total cost, complete. $4,000.00
[Illustration: Fig. 150.—ELEVATION OF FRONT OF HOUSE.]
[Illustration: Fig. 151.—PLAN OF CELLAR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 152.—PLAN OF FIRST FLOOR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 153.—PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR.]
DESIGN XXXVI.
A FARM HOUSE COSTING $5,000.