in the American style, comprehending the most economical and practical
methods of construction. The size and shape of such houses should be made
to conform to the requirements of those who are to occupy them. Unlike
the villager, the farmer has ample road front, and his house should be so
arranged as to secure the most pleasant outlook from the living rooms.
For many important reasons a farmer’s house should be set back from the
highway at least 75 feet, 200 feet is much better. Everyone appreciates a
nice lawn in front of a country home, through which inviting approaches
lead from the road entrances bordered with flowers, and where space is
allowed for shade trees and shrubbery. The width of country roads when
first projected is usually limited to 50 feet. There is no certainty,
however, that an increased width or the straightening of a roadway will
not be demanded at any time and such contingencies should be provided
for. Other considerations require but a moment’s thought to convince
anyone of the desirableness of an ample front lawn.... EXTERIOR, (fig.
85.)—Farm houses usually stand disconnected and apart from other
buildings, and should have outlines that will best adapt them to the
conditions that are otherwise manifest in the location. This plan is
intended for an eastern frontage, where it would face the morning sun,
when the principal and broader portions of the building, at the right,
would be doubly valuable as a shield to ward off the northern winds from
the parts of the house most used by the occupants. (By reversing the plan
it would be equally adapted to the opposite, or easterly side of a road.)
It is intended that the body of the house shall be set at least two feet
above the ground; this gives opportunity for good-sized cellar-windows,
that will admit light, and afford good openings for cellar ventilation,
and also secure the frame-work of the building against moisture from the
ground. Such moisture, if allowed, will cause decay of the sills and
other principal timbers, and is sure to percolate upward into the house,
filling it with unwholesome vapors. The variety of the general outlines
as shown in the elevation are calculated to impart a cheerful and lively
appearance always desirable in a country home, and very pleasant to
the passer-by. The ridged roofs, with their spreading gables and ample
projections, are features of frankness in which there is no attempt at
concealment or imitation. The bay-windows, wide entrance, and spacious
piazza, are each expressive of liberality and refinement. The extreme
simplicity of the details, and methods of construction, devoid of all
ostentatious display, clearly express the purpose of the building, and
commend it to the consideration of all who are interested in rural house
building.... FOUNDATION, (fig. 86.)—In most locations stone are abundant;
our estimate comprehends the building of the foundation-walls of rough,
broken stone, laid in coarse mortar, and neatly pointed where exposed to
sight. Any man who is at all familiar with the most ordinary stone-work,
such as building “wall” fences, could build these foundations acceptably;
they should be laid up 18 inches thick, and flush with the outside of the
frame-work of the building. Our plan shows a cellar under the central
part of the building only, which should be 7 feet deep; this cellar will
be found sufficiently spacious for the uses of most families, but may
be enlarged if desirable. One of the “wise sayings” we heard in youth
was, “always build your cellar under the whole house.” Unless there are
ample cellars under the barns, the house-cellar is never too large. In
this case, it will be but little extra cost and labor to take out the
earth, and carry the foundations down. The walls provided would do most
of this, and then we have ample cellars for all wants, and have room to
partition off fruit and vegetable rooms, the former of which need to be
much cooler than the latter, if one would keep fruit well. The side-walls
of the area are built of the same materials as the cellar-walls, with
the stone steps inserted while building. The foundations shown on the
plan where no cellar is required, are built of the same materials, laid
in trenches, which have been excavated 18 inches wide, and 2 feet deep.
The chimney foundations should be started and laid up with the other
walls. A very effectual ventilation may be provided from the cellar by
arranging an opening that shall lead to the left-hand flue of the kitchen
chimney; this flue will be warmed by contact with the range when in
use, and a strong draft will be made, which will exhaust the damp, foul
odors so common in deep cellars. It will be observed that the cellar is
protected from the extreme changes of outward temperature by the walls
and spaces at each side, and by the partial coverings in front and
rear.... FIRST STORY, (fig. 87.)—This story is divided into three large
and three small rooms, and hall. By this plan, the kitchen is intended
as the living-room of the family, and is so arranged as to be the most
_convenient and pleasant room in the house_; has large windows front
and rear, which will admit an abundance of light, and afford an outlook
each way. A large range is placed in the fire-place, with a water-back
connecting with the boiler in the laundry. The clock and lamp-shelf is
placed on the opposite side of the room from the fire-place: _should
never be over it_. Adjoining the kitchen, and connected with it, is a
pantry, containing shelving, drawers, and a wash-tray, with cold and hot
water. The Laundry, or _work-room_, is arranged to connect directly with
the kitchen and pantry, and leads to the rear outside door. This room
is fitted up so that the principal kitchen-work may be done in it, with
great facility, and with few steps, and contains a closet, sink, pump,
wash-tubs, tank, and boiler. The hight of the ceiling in this room is
10 feet in the clear. The Tank (not shown in the drawings), is situated
close up to the ceiling, above the pantry door, is 8 feet long, 3 feet
wide, and 2 feet deep. The boiler is of copper, 40-gallon capacity,
and is placed directly in the rear of the kitchen chimney. The sink and
wash-tubs are shown on the plan, and are to be provided with cold and
hot water. The force-pump is placed next to the sink, under the tank—by
this method but little plumbing is required, and a very perfect and
satisfactory arrangement is secured. The boiler keeps the temperature of
this room sufficiently warm to prevent damage to the pipes from frost.
The Bedroom also adjoins the kitchen, and has a closet for clothing, and
two windows. The principal Hall, included in the central building, is
entered through large double doors from the front piazza, and connects
through doors with the parlor, kitchen, and back passage, and contains
the principal stairs, which are of easy “platform” construction. The
Parlor has a large bay-window, marble mantle, and adjoins the library
through large sliding-doors. The Library has a marble mantle, and closet,
and connects with the back passage at the rear of the principal stairs.
The Front Piazza has its ends sheltered by the projections at each
side, and is arranged to require but two columns. If desirable at any
time, a part of this piazza can be enclosed with sash at very little
expense, which would provide a very convenient conservatory for plants
and flowers. The rear “shed” is provided with a roof and columns, but has
no wooden floor. It is intended that the grounds around the rear of the
central building shall be graded well up, say within a foot of the rear
door-sills, so as to require but a single step, or large flat stone, to
each door. The outside cellar doors would be made to lay even with the
final grade, and hung to the coping-stones of the area-walls, and the
remaining space paved or flagged with stone. When once properly done,
the finish of this character will last a lifetime without trouble, while
wood-work could never be satisfactory, and would often require renewal.
Whenever the cellar doors are opened, they are hooked up against the
columns, where they form a railing, or guard, to prevent the usual
danger of an open hatchway.... The SECOND STORY (fig. 88), has a hall,
four large and three small chambers, with four closets, and stairway
leading to the attic. Each of the large Chambers has two windows, and
a ventilating register in the flue of the chimney adjoining. All these
rooms have full hight ceilings, and are not so close to the roof as to
be affected by their absorbed heat of summer, but have complete square
ceilings, with large air-spaces between them and the roofs. The Attic of
the principal building is completely floored, and has windows in each
gable or pediment, and may be used for storage, drying clothes in stormy
weather, and for many other purposes.... CONSTRUCTION.—The estimate
appended indicates the kind and quantity of materials used, which will
be found to be such as are now most generally adopted for buildings of
this character. The work is very simple, and may be executed by the
simplest methods. Information concerning the application and uses of the
“felting” may be found in Design XI. We have before suggested that “there
are circumstances that would justify the building of one part of a house
first.” Should it be desirable, the central portion of this house could
be built first, and would be found quite sufficient as the dwelling house
of a small family, and the remainder added afterwards as required....
ESTIMATE.—The following estimate has been carefully compiled, and may be
relied on for quantities, etc. Prices vary in different localities, but
the figures here given form a good basis of calculation:
65 yards excavation, at 20c. per yard. $13.00
882 ft. foundation, at 15c. per ft. 132.30
725 ft. foundation, at 10c. per ft. 72.50
6,000 bricks in chimneys, at $12 per M. 72.00
40 ft. stone steps and coping, at 30c. per ft. 12.00
900 yards lath and plastering, at 28c. per yard. 252.00
4,799 ft. of timber, at $15 per M. 72.00
Sills, 4 × 8 in. 218 ft. long.
1 girt, 4 × 8 in. 20 ft. long.
7 posts, 4 × 7 in. 22 ft. long.
2 posts, 4 × 7 in. 18 ft. long.
45 beams, 3 × 8 in. 16 ft. long.
22 beams, 3 × 8 in. 22 ft. long.
15 beams, 3 × 7 in. 9 ft. long.
4 valleys, 3 × 8 in. 20 ft. long.
Ties and plates, 4 × 6 in. 384 ft. long.
500 wall strips, 2 × 4 in. 13 ft. long, at 11c. each. 55.00
340 novelty siding boards, 9½ in., at 28c. each. 95.20
150 lbs. tarred felting, at 5c. per lb. 7.50
300 matched flooring boards, 9½ in. wide, at 28c. each. 84.00
20 rough spruce plank, at 25c. each. 5.00
270 shingling-lath, at 6c. each. 16.20
48 bunches shingles, at $1.50 each. 72.00
75 hemlock boards, 10-inch, at 18c. each. 13.50
7 squares of tin roofing, at $9 per square. 63.00
Materials in cornices and outside casings. 60.00
33 narrow pine flooring for front piazza, at 25c. each. 8.25
67 narrow pine ceiling, at 25c. each. 16.75
1 bay-window, complete. 75.00
26 plain windows, complete, at $12 each. 312.00
4 cellar windows, complete, at $6 each. 24.00
30 doors, complete, at $10 each. 300.00
Stairs, complete, $70; 8 closets, fitted complete, $40. 111.00
2 marble and 2 pine mantles. 50.00
Nails, $20; range, with elevated oven, $80. 100.00
Plumbing, $84; cartage, average 1 mile, $27.08. 111.08
Carpenter’s labor, not included above. 250.00
Painting. 120.00
Incidentals. 25.72
---------
Total cost, complete. $2,600.00
[Illustration: Fig. 85.—FRONT ELEVATION OF FARM HOUSE.]
[Illustration: Fig. 86.—PLAN OF CELLAR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 87.—PLAN OF FIRST STORY.]
[Illustration: Fig. 88.—PLAN OF SECOND STORY.]
DESIGN XXII.
A HOUSE COSTING $2,800.
This plan of a suburban, or a country house, has all the advantages of
the square form—providing convenient, commodious interior apartments,
and has a simple, expressive outside dress, that compares favorably
with more pretentious, expensive dwellings.... EXTERIOR, (fig. 89.)—The
outlines of the main building are rounded and compact, indicating
completeness and solidity. The front tower-like projection is a central
and distinctive feature, around which the other parts are symmetrically
balanced. The Porch and roofed balconies are simple and neat. The main
roof, a new modification of the “Mansard roof,” is a conspicuous part,
giving an expression of strength and unity to the design. The main
cornice has full projections, with neat solid trusses, and is separated
into sections by the chamber windows, giving relief from the monotony
and depressing effects usual in all continuous horizontal lines. All
the second story windows of the main building have projecting hoods
appropriately interlaced with the principal roof work, securing pleasant
shadows to those parts, and imparting a marked finish and variety. The
dormer windows are triangular, and are placed immediately above those
of the lower stories, prolonging the vertical lines of openings, to
which they form a fitting termination.... FIRST STORY, (fig. 90.)—Hight
of ceiling, 10 feet. The usual front hall is dispensed with, and the
stairway is placed where it is more convenient and accessible, and is not
a conductor of cold drafts through the house. Many think it necessary to
have stairways share with the parlors the most valuable and conspicuous
position; they should more frequently be placed in some subordinate
relation, without seeming to control the general arrangement. The
entrance from the front porch is through double doors to the vestibule,
and thence to either the parlor or family-room. Side doors lead to the
pleasant and shady front balconies. The Parlor and Family-room are of
equal size, and may be used as one spacious apartment by opening the
sliding doors. The Dining-room is pleasantly situated, and opens into the
family-room, rear entrance, and hallway. It has one large bay-window,
and two plain ones, an open fire-place, and a dish or china closet, _c_.
The Kitchen is isolated, relieving other rooms of its noise and odors,
is convenient to the dining-room, cellar-stairway, and rear entrance,
through the rear lobby, and has an open fire-place, closet, and large
pantry, range, boiler, sink, wash-tubs, and the necessary pipes for
water. The hall is central, accessible from the parlor, dining-room, and
rear entrance, and is thoroughly lighted and ventilated by the window at
the head of the stairs.... SECOND STORY, (fig. 91.)—Hight of ceiling,
8 feet. This story contains a hall, four good-sized chambers, with
closets, and two windows to each. The Bath-room has bath-tub and seat. A
Conservatory connects through sash doors with the two front chambers....
ATTIC, (fig. 92.)—Hight of ceiling, 8 feet. The stairs to this are placed
immediately above those to the second story, are ceiled in, with a door
at the bottom. The rear portion is finished on a line with the two
chimneys, into two bedrooms and a hall. The front portion is floored,
but otherwise left unfinished as an open garret, valuable as a play-room
for the children, a clothes drying-room, and many other purposes....
CONSTRUCTION.—The Foundation, of hard brick and good mortar, is shown
by the _Cellar plan_, (fig. 93.)—It shows four feet above the grade
in front, and, if desirable, may show one-half that hight in the rear.
There is usually sufficient earth taken from the cellar excavations to
give such desirable grade as shall turn off all water from the immediate
grounds and walks. The chimneys are also of hard brick, are independent
of the foundations, and are carried up perfectly plumb to the roof,
where they are finished with neat bases and caps. The central position
of these chimneys is proof against cold-air openings at their sides, and
insures saving the heat radiated from them. It is impossible to prevent
cracks from appearing along the sides of chimneys in frame buildings,
and when these cracks communicate directly with the outside covering,
they often admit much cold air.—The principal frame is 20 ft. high,
substantially constructed, as indicated by the upright section (fig.
94). The main plates are in line with the beams of the attic story, and
the roof-purlins are 8 feet above them. The side-rafters are 12 feet
long, fitted and spiked to the purlins and plates, with their lower
ends extending 2½ feet down from the latter in a continuous line. Rough
brackets connecting the rafters with the upright frame-work, forming
the foundations or frame of the principal cornice. By this method of
extending the rafters downward instead of upward, the desirable hight and
proportion of roof are obtained. The exposed surfaces that require siding
are reduced from the usual hight of 22½ feet to 16 feet, and the cornices
are more substantial and less complex. The siding, roof-boarding,
slating, and trimming are done in the usual manner. The gutters are laid
in with the slate, as described in Design V. The hoods and dormer windows
have slate coverings, interlaced with the principal roof, with joinings
and flashings of sheet-lead. The following estimate provides for the
thorough completion of the building in an appropriate and substantial
manner.—ESTIMATE:
82 yards excavation, at 20c. per yard. $16.40
16,000 brick, furnished and laid, at $12 per M. 192.00
44 ft. stone steps, coping, etc., at 30c. per ft. 13.20
750 yards plastering, at 28c. per yard. 210.00
3,497 ft. timber, at $15 per M. 52.45
1 sill, 4 × 8 in. 116 ft. long.
1 girt, 4 × 8 in. 30 ft. long.
11 posts, 4 × 7 in. 19 ft. long.
1 tie, 4 × 6 in. 146 ft. long.
1 plate, 4 × 6 in. 138 ft. long.
1 perline, 3 × 7 in. 96 ft. long.
48 beams, 2 × 8 in. 14 ft. long.
24 beams, 2 × 8 in. 18 ft. long.
27 beams, 2 × 8 in. 15 ft. long.
1 stoop, 3 × 7 in. 70 ft. long.
30 rafters, 3 × 4 in. 13 ft., at 16c. each. 4.80
380 wall-strips, at 11c. each. 41.80
200 siding, 10-inch, at 26c. each. 52.00
Materials in cornices and corner-boards. 50.00
261 hemlock roof-boards, at 16c. each. 41.76
19 squares of slating, at $9 per square. 171.00
8 squares of tinning (IC. charcoal) at $7 per square. 56.00
250 ft. gutters and leaders, at 8c. per ft. 20.00
300 flooring, 9 × 1¼ in., at 26c. each. 78.00
200 lbs. felting, at 3c. per lb. 6.00
3 stairs, complete. 75.00
Porch, balconies, and stoops, complete. 160.00
6 cellar windows, $36; 1 bay window, complete, $60. 96.00
12 plain windows, $144; 9 hooded windows, complete, $135. 279.00
8 dormer windows, complete, at $8 each. 64.00
32 doors, at $9.50 each, $304; 7 closets, complete, $14. 318.00
3 marble mantles, $60; 3 marble shelves, complete, $18. 78.00
Range and plumbing, complete. 188.09
Well, from bath-room to roof, complete. 15.00
Gas-pipes for 18 lights, complete. 40.00
Bells and speaking-tubes, complete. 20.00
Finish of part of attic, complete. 60.00
Nails, $24; cartage, average 1 mile, $25. 49.00
Carpenter’s labor, not included above. 150.00
Painting, 2 coats, complete. 150.00
Incidentals. 52.50
---------
Total cost, complete. $2,800.00
[Illustration: Fig. 89.—FRONT ELEVATION.]
[Illustration: Fig. 90.—PLAN OF FIRST FLOOR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 91.—PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 92.—ATTIC.]
[Illustration: Fig. 93.—PLAN OF CELLAR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 94.—SECTION.]
DESIGN XXIII.
A COUNTRY OR VILLAGE HOUSE, COSTING $2,800.—FOR PHYSICIANS, LAWYERS,
CLERGYMEN, JUSTICES, NOTARIES, EDITORS, ETC.
This plan is designed to meet the wants of a large class residing in the
country, or smaller villages, who are not only directly interested in
agricultural pursuits, but who have also some professional or official
vocation, such as: Physicians, Lawyers, Justices, Notaries, Clergymen,
etc. They require in connection with their residences an apartment
adapted to their special callings, that shall in no way interfere with
their domestic arrangements, where all persons making business calls
may enter without feeling that they are intruding on the privacy of the
household.... ELEVATION, (fig. 95.)—The exterior outlines and dress of
this plan are a fair representation of the prevailing styles of American
rural house architecture, in its most genteel and practical forms.
There is a manifest propriety in the strong and decided features of the
exterior finish of this example, wherein each part has its distinctive
characteristics of utility, harmony, and truthfulness—a combination
that never fails to please even the most tasteful, and it may therefore
be regarded as the real basis of beauty. We frequently meet with
oddly-proportioned country houses, evidently constructed with a sole
regard to utility, that present a stunted and cadaverous appearance,
having been shorn of their beauty through a mistaken idea that _economy_
precludes the least indulgence in taste. Good taste only demands that
every separate part of any building shall be in harmony with the whole,
and this feature of harmony is not so much a subject of expense as
of expression, being a result of _mode_ rather than the _matter_ of
construction. The materials necessarily required for any building assume
shape and expression according to the methods of their application, and
they may be applied in disproportion, so as to be of permanent disgrace;
whereas the same materials properly and intelligently used, with a like
expense of handling, develop into proportionate and expressive forms of
elegance and grace. A building constructed as indicated by these plans
presents a pleasing appearance from any direction, each face being broken
by wings or other projections, which give relief from the formalities
of a large, flat surface. From the front there is an expression of
completeness indicating full provision for comfort, and an air of
contentment. From the sides are presented to the best advantage the more
extended surfaces, including the large corniced gables of the principal
building, the rear wing, and other projections. The rear has an equally
finished and satisfactory appearance.... THE CELLAR (fig. 96), is the
full size of the ground-plans, with a clear hight of 7 feet. The five
cellar windows are placed where they will admit light to every part. An
outside entrance is under the rear lobby, and a stairway leads directly
to the kitchen.... FIRST STORY, (fig. 97.)—The arrangement is very simple
and convenient, comprising good-sized hall, parlor, living-room, kitchen,
office, study, five closets, and two stairways, with ceilings 10 feet
high. The Parlor is pleasantly situated, has two front windows opening
directly to the piazza, from which they derive shade and protection.
The Dining or living-room opens into the hall, parlor, and kitchen,
and has two closets. One end of this room is octagonal, and extends 6
feet beyond the face of the principal, with three windows, affording a
pleasant outlook. The Kitchen adjoins the dining-room, has two closets,
is fitted up with a range, sink, and wash-tubs, and is conveniently
connected with the cellar and with second story by private stairways. The
Office is entered from the front porch, and is in direct communication
with the principal hall, has a good-sized closet from the space under the
principal stairs, and has a private room or Study.... SECOND STORY, (fig.
98.)—This is divided into four commodious apartments, beside a hall,
bath-room, and the necessary closets, and has ceilings 8 feet high in the
main building, and 7 feet in the rear wing. The Bath-room is provided
with a seat-closet and bath-tub. An inclosed stairway leads to the Attic,
where two or more bedrooms may be finished, besides leaving space for
garret purposes. The tank placed over the ceiling of the bath-room is
arranged to receive water from the principal roof, and is provided with
an overflow pipe leading to the cistern.... GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.—Full
brick foundations are estimated for. Where coarse stone can be had, they
answer as well, and at less cost, for the portions below ground; they
should be laid even with the brick-work on the inside when finished.
The wood-work is to be substantially constructed of good and sufficient
materials throughout. The roofs of the piazza, stoop, bay, lobby, and
window caps, are covered with charcoal tin, and in each case an allowance
is made for a “flashing” of 6 inches in width to turn up behind the
siding, to prevent leakage. The principal and the two wing roofs are each
covered with dark slate with ridge plates of zinc. The gutters are to
be those described for Design V. The joinings of the wing-roofs against
the main building are made perfectly tight by laying in, against the
building, right angle strips of zinc or tin “flashing,” with each course
of slate before the siding is put on. Slate is unquestionably the best
material for such roofing when the form of roof will admit of its use;
its cost is the same as for good tinning, and about 2 cents per square
foot in excess of pine shingles; when once properly done, will last for
centuries; it is fire-proof, and the water from it is much purer, an
important consideration when rain and cistern water is used for cooking
or drinking. Its color and appearance are agreeable—in fact roofs of
other materials are often painted in imitation of slate from choice....
The most expressive portions of any buildings are their projecting
cornices. As a rule, for houses of this style, such projections should
be _one inch for every foot of their hight from the foundation_. And the
same rule will apply to every detail of the exterior finish; for example,
as in this case, the principal building being 22 feet high at the plate,
the principal cornices should project 22 inches; the piazza being 11 feet
high, its cornice projects 11 inches; the windows, 6 feet high, have caps
projecting 6 inches, etc. By this simple rule, all such projections may
be readily determined, and thus secure perfect proportion and harmony
of parts.... The inside plastering is “three-coat work.” All side-walls
should be continued down _close_ to the floor, to prevent the passage of
air or sound. Care should be taken to make the walls straight and true,
with the second coat of “browning,” for the last or white coat, though
applied in the best manner, can never overcome malformations in the body
of the plastering; on the contrary, the finer the finish of last coat,
the more visibly will such defects appear. In the concluding estimate, 28
cents per yard is allowed for the cost of plastering, which is ample, as
shown by these calculations _for 100 yards_, viz.:
2,000 lath, at $2 per M. $4.00
10 lbs. lath-nails, at 6c. per lb. 60
4 barrels lime, at $1 per barrel. 4.00
5 loads sand, at 30c. per load. 1.50
1 barrel finishing lime, at $1.40 per barrel. 1.40
1½ bushel plaster, 37c.; 1 bushel hair, 50c. 87
Cartage. 3.00
Labor putting on lath, at 10c. per bunch. 2.00
½ day laborer (mixing mortar), at $1.50 per day. 75
1½ days mason (work), at $2.50 per day. 3.75
1½ days laborer (“tending” mason), at $1.50 per day. 2.25
Use of screen, water barrel, and scaffolding. 1.00
------
Total cost for 100 square yards, complete. $25.12
Incidentals. 2.88
------
Estimated at 28c. per yard. $28.00
In some localities, a practice prevails among masons of including in
their measurements of plastering one-half of the openings of doors and
windows, which is obviously unjust, and a frequent cause of dispute.
Such openings will average at least 2 yards each—in this house would
aggregate 50 yards—and in every case should be deducted, unless otherwise
agreed previously.—ESTIMATE:
113 yards, excavation, at 20c. per yard. $22.60
12,000 brick, laid complete, at $12 per M. 144.00
47 ft. stone steps and coping, at 30c. per ft. 14.10
841 yards plastering, at 28c. per yard. 235.48
5,135 ft. timber, at $15 per M. 77.02
1 sill, 4 × 8 in. 200 ft. long.
1 girder, 4 × 8 in. 30 ft. long.
7 posts, 4 × 7 in. 21 ft. long.
2 posts, 4 × 7 in. 18 ft. long.
2 posts, 4 × 6 in. 12 ft. long.
Piazza, 3 × 8 in. 82 ft. long.
Piazza, 3 × 5 in. 40 ft. long.
Plates, 4 × 6 in. 100 ft. long.
Ties, 4 × 6 in. 330 ft. long.
1 ridge, 3 × 7 in. 26 ft. long.
20 rafters, 3 × 5 in. 20 ft. long.
35 beams, 3 × 8 in. 22 ft. long.
9 beams, 3 × 8 in. 19 ft. long.
21 beams, 3 × 8 in. 13 ft. long.
4 locust posts in cellar, at 30c. each. 1.20
375 wall-strips, 2 × 4 in. at 11c. each. 41.25
170 lbs. tarred paper or felting, at 3c. per lb. 5.10
330 siding, 10-inch, at 28c. each. 92.40
Materials in cornices, water-table, etc. 50.00
213 hemlock boards (for roofing), at 20c. each. 42.60
18½ squares slate roofing, at $9 per square. 166.50
3 squares tin, at $8 per square. 24.00
300 flooring, 9 in., at 28c. each. 84.00
Stairs, complete. 100.00
5 cellar windows, complete, at $6 each. 30.00
18 plain windows, complete, at $12 each. 216.00
35 doors, complete, at $10 each. 350.00
Piazza, porch, and lobby, complete. 150.00
4 mantles, complete, at $20 each. 80.00
Closet finish, complete. 25.00
Range and elevated oven, etc., complete. 80.00
Plumbing, complete. 175.00
Bells and speaking-tubes, complete. 15.00
Nails, $25; painting, $200; carting, $35. 260.00
Carpenter’s labor, not included above. 223.83
Incidentals. 94.92
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Total cost, complete. $2,800.00
[Illustration: Fig. 95.—ELEVATION OF HOUSE, WITH OFFICE ATTACHED.]
[Illustration: Fig. 96.—PLAN OF CELLAR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 97.—PLAN OF FIRST FLOOR.]
[Illustration: Fig. 98.—PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR.]
DESIGN XXIV.
A FARM-HOUSE COSTING $2,800.