the first Roman wall, between the Tyne and the Solway, constructed by
him, 60, 61, 90, 91.
Hæfe, river. _See_ Avon.
Hafursfiord, battle of, i. 336.
Hagiology of the Irish church, ii. ᚬv2 425-43ᚬ;
of Scottish church, 444.
Hagustald. _See_ Hexham.
Hailes, Lord, i. 6;
his _Annals of Scotland_, 18; iii. 442.
Hakon, Earl, of Norway, i. 379.
Halfdan, son of Ragnar Lodbrok, leads a band of Danes against
Northumbria, the Galloway Picts, and the Strathclyde Britons, i. ᚬv1
325-6ᚬ;
again attacks Northumbria, 332.
Hallad, earl of Orkney, i. 344.
Hamiltoun, Lord, iii. 439.
Harald Harfagr, king of Norway, i. ᚬv1 311-12ᚬ, 335;
chronology of his reign, 336, 344.
Harald Sigurdson, i. 413.
Hardacnut, king of England, i. 408.
Hardicnut, i. 332.
Harris (Harreik, Herreis, Harrayis), isle of, iii. 429.
Hastings, David de, a Norman baron, iii. 75.
Hatfield (Haethfeld), battle of, i. ᚬv1 243-4ᚬ.
Havard, eldest son of Thorfinn the ‘Skull-cleaver,’ i. 374.
Hebrides, estimation of the extent of the, iii. 439;
tillers of the ground in the, exempt from war, 439;
land tenure after the sixteenth century, 372;
townships in the Inner, in 1850, ᚬv1 374-8ᚬ,
in the Outer, ᚬv1 378-93ᚬ.
_See_ Ebudæ, Long Island.
Hefenfelth. _See_ Catscaul.
Heligoland, i. 189, 190.
Helsker, isle of, iii. 431.
Hengist and Horsa, Saxon leaders, land in Britain, i. 146, ᚬv1
149ᚬ, 189.
Hennessy, W. M., iii. 35;
translation of the tract _Na tri Colla_, 462.
Hesperides, a name applied to the Cassiterides, i. ᚬv1 167-169ᚬ.
Hexham (Hagustald), i. 245, 262, 275;
church of, founded by St. Wilfrid, ii. 210, 213; iii. 81.
Highland Clans, comparison between them and the Afghaun Tribes, by Sir
Walter Scott, iii. 456;
their legendary descent, 458-490.
Highland Line, the, traced northwards from Loch Lomond, iii. 285-6.
Highlanders, Fordun’s description of, iii. 307;
raid into Angus, 308;
leaders thereof outlawed, 309.
Highlands, state of the, in the sixteenth century, iii. 326;
emigration from the, 373.
Highlands and Islands, tenure of land in, subsequent to the sixteenth
century, iii. 368;
abolition of calps, 368;
townships, 369-371, 374, 378;
deer-forests, 371;
fishing-villages, 376;
causes affecting the population, 372.
Hilef, river (the Isla, or Lyff?), i. ᚬv1 340-1ᚬ.
Himilco, traditionary account of his voyage to the British Isles, i.
30.
Hoddam, Kentigern’s first see, ii. 191.
Holderness, i. 420.
Holy Island. _See_ Lindisfarne.
Holyrood, foundation charter of, i. 240, 241.
Home, D. Milne, account of the wall between Forth and Clyde, i. ᚬv1
78ᚬ.
Honor price, the, in the tribe, iii. 152-3, 189, 204, 217.
Honorius, Emperor, troubles in the Roman province in Scotland during
his reign, i. ᚬv1 105-111ᚬ;
termination of the Roman dominion in Britain, 112.
Honorius I., Pope, letter from, to King Aeduin, ii. 155.
Horesti, the, and their territory, i. 57;
some of them enrolled by Severus among the Roman auxiliaries, ᚬv1
89ᚬ.
Horsley, John, his _Britannia Romana_, i. 23, 102, 103.
Hound Earl, the. _See_ Hundi Jarl.
Hoy, isle of, i. 386.
Hubba, son of Ragnar Lodbrok, i. 332.
Huisdinn, son of Alasdair, Earl of Ross, his descendants, iii. 408.
Hundi (Hvelp), son of Sigurd, taken by Olaf from Orkney to Norway as a
hostage, i. 386.
Hundi Jarl, the (Crinan, lay abbot of Dunkeld), i. 401; ii. ᚬv2
337ᚬ.
Hungus, King. _See_ Angus.
Hustain (MacDonalds of Slate), clan, iii. 330.
Hwnayis, two isles, iii. 436.
_Hy Fiachraich_, tracts entitled _The Tribes and Customs of_, quoted,
iii. 158, 193;
_Hereditary Proprietors of the Clann_, quoted, 159.
Hy (Hii). _See_ Iona.
_Hy Many, Customs of_, quoted, iii. 160.
Hy Neill, the, i. 248, 249; iii. 340.
Ian (MacIans), clan, iii. 330.
_See_ Eoin.
Iberian or Basque race, an, preceded the Celts in Britain and Ireland,
i. 164 _seq_., 226;
language of, 193.
Iceni, the, a powerful British nation, defeated by Ostorius, i. ᚬv1
36ᚬ;
insurrection of, under Queen Boadicea, 38.
I Columchill. _See_ Iona.
Ictis, island of, i. 166.
Ida, son of Eobba, forms the kingdom of Bernicia (A.D. 547-559), i. ᚬv1
155ᚬ, 156; iii. 19.
Idvies. _See_ Edevyn.
Iena estuary (the Cree), i. 66.
Ierne. _See_ Ireland.
Iernian Isles, a name applied by a Greek poet to the British Isles, i.
29.
Ila, river (the Ulie, Helmsdale), i. 67;
isle of, iii. 437.
Imergi, ancestor of Somerled, Regulus de Herergaidel, i. 397.
_See_ Jehmarc.
Imhair Ua Imhair, leader of the Norwegians, slain by the Men of
Fortrenn, i. 339.
Imhar (Imhair, Ivar), king of the Northmen, takes Alclyde, and returns
with Amlaiph to Dublin with great booty, i. ᚬv1 324-5ᚬ.
Inchaffray, church of, iii. 269.
Inchigall (Innsigall) = islands of the Galls, a term applied to the
Western Isles when colonised by the Norwegians, i. 345, ᚬv1
376ᚬ; iii. 292.
Inchkeith. _See_ Alauna.
Inchmahome, church of, dedicated to Colman (Mocholmoc) of Dromore, ii.
32.
Indulph, son of Constantin, king of Alban (A.D. 254-262), i. 365;
two events in his reign: Edinburgh and the district round it
surrendered to the Scots, and the descent of Norwegian pirates on
Buchan, 365;
different statements as to his death, 366.
Ingibiorg, widow of Thorfinn, becomes wife of Malcolm III., i. ᚬv1
414ᚬ.
Inguar (Imhair), son of Ragnar Lodbrok, ancestor of the Danish kings of
Dublin, i. 332;
kings who were descendants of, 376.
_Inisfallen, Annals of_, i. 26.
Inner Hebrides. _See_ Hebrides.
Innermessan, farm of, fortified moat on, i. 72.
Innes, Cosmo, his _Scotland in the Middle Ages_, i. 12;
on the Marr letters-patent, iii. 442.
Innes, Thomas, remarks on his Essay on the ancient inhabitants of
Scotland, i. 18;
his use of the term ‘Midland Britons,’ 87.
Innrechtach, probably a leader of the Picts of Galloway, i. ᚬv1 291-2ᚬ.
Innrechtach ua Finachta, abbot of Iona, takes the reliquaries of
Collumcille to Ireland, ii. 305;
killed on his way to Rome, 309.
Inschenycht, isle of, iii. 436.
Inscriptions found along the course of the wall of Antoninus, i. ᚬv1
78ᚬ, 79.
Inverculen, i. 366.
Inverkeillor, thanage of, iii. 265.
Inverdovet (Inverdufatha), i. ᚬv1 327-8ᚬ.
Inverry. _See_ St. Monans.
Invers and Abers, on the distribution of, i. ᚬv1 220-222ᚬ.
Iona (Hy, Hii, I Columchill), island of, i. 183, 251;
description of it, ii. ᚬv2 89-93ᚬ;
monastery of, i. ᚬv1 258-9ᚬ;
church plundered, and many slain by the Northmen (A.D. 794), ᚬv1
304ᚬ; ii. 290 _seq_.;
Dunkeld afterwards the seat of supremacy for the Columban churches,
i. 305;
the monastery rebuilt with stone, ii. 297;
shrine of Columba deposited therein, 300 (_see_ Diarmaid);
again ravaged by the Danes (A.D. 825), 300 (_see_ Blathmac);
again in the year 986, i. 377; ii. ᚬv2 332-35ᚬ;
in 1203 the monastery rebuilt by Reginald, second son of Somerled,
ii. 415;
who founds the Benedictine abbey and nunnery of, 415.
Ireland (Ierne), originally called Eriu, also Hibernia, and Scotia, the
mother country of the Scots, i. 1, 2, 130;
the name Scotia, by which Ireland alone was meant prior to the tenth
century, transferred to Scotland in the eleventh, 3, 5;
fabulous history of, and the commencement of its true history, ᚬv1
25ᚬ, 180;
its ancient inhabitants, 178;
ethnological legends, ᚬv1 172-183ᚬ;
ravaged by Ecgfrid, ᚬv1 264-5ᚬ;
final conflict with the Danes, 386 _seq_.;
monastic church in, ii. ᚬv2 41-50ᚬ (_see_ Monastery);
twelve apostles of, 51;
church of the southern Scots of, conforms to Rome, 159;
southern and northern districts defined, 161;
influence of the last three pagan kings of, in Scotland, iii.
114-120;
Erc and his sons (_see_ Erc);
provinces in, 42;
ancient laws of, 151 _seq_.
_See also_ Finé, Tuath.
Irish Annals to be used with discrimination, i. 24, 25;
Irish early history, artificial character of, iii. 97;
manuscripts, 458 _seq_.
Irish (Gaelic) language, i. 193;
spoken dialects of, ii. 450;
peculiarities of, 451;
written, 452.
_See_ Languages.
Irt, isle of, iii. 431.
Irvine, river, Roman remains on the, i. 73.
Isca Silurum (Caerleon), i. 81.
Isla, island of, i. 140; iii. 213, 438.
Isla, river, peninsula formed by its junction with the Tay, the
probable position of the Roman army before the battle of Mons
Granpius, i. ᚬv1 52-54ᚬ; iii. 276.
Isles, Norwegian kingdom of the: the Western Isles subdued and
colonised (A.D. 793-806), i. ᚬv1 304-5ᚬ, ᚬv1 311-12ᚬ; iii. 28
_seq_.;
Thorstein the Red devastates the northern provinces of Scotland (A.D.
875), i. ᚬv1 326-7ᚬ, 336; ii. 317;
colonisation of Orkney and Shetland, with Caithness and Sutherland
(A.D. 889), i. 335, 342, 344; iii. 47;
descent of a Norwegian fleet on Buchan (A.D. 954), i. ᚬv1 365-6ᚬ;
the Danes oppose the Norwegians in their possession of the Isles
(A.D. 970), ii. 332 _seq_.;
Somerled drives the Norwegians out of the mainland, and conquers part
of the Isles (A.D. 1154-64), i. ᚬv1 469-73ᚬ; iii. 33-35;
decline of the Norwegian rule till the Isles were formally ceded to
Alexander III. (A.D. 1266), i. 495; iii. 35-39.
_See_ Einar, Sigurd.
Isles, Chiefs of the, i. 441; iii. 37;
sketch of the Lords of the, 292-300;
their extinction, 300;
legendary history, 397;
an Irish poem (and translation) relative to the kingdom of the,
410-27;
bishop of the, 433 _seq_.;
description of, with their pertinents and pendicles (written
1577-95), 428-440.
_See_ also under names of the various islands.
Isthmus between the Forth and Clyde, wall of Antoninus on (_see_ Roman
walls): stations on it, i. 78.
Ith, race of, iii. 111.
Itunæ Æstuarium, the (Solway Firth), i. 64, 66.
Itys, river (Carron), i. 69.
Ivar. _See_ Imhar.
Jarrow (on Tyne), monastery of, i. ᚬv1 278-9ᚬ.
Jehmarc (Imergi?) submits to Cnut, i. 395, 397, 405.
Jerome, St., his mention of the Attacotts in Gaul, i. 101, ᚬv1
106ᚬ.
Jocelyn of Furness, biographer of St. Kentigern, ii. 179 _seq_.
John the Lame, clan, iii. 470.
Jugantes, a sept of the Brigantes, i. 37.
Julian, Emperor, i. 98.
Julius Cæsar, invasion of Britain by, i. 31;
his account of the inhabitants, 32.
Julius Frontinus, a Roman governor in Britain, i. 39.
Jura, island of, battle at, i. 264; _see also_ iii. 213, 438.
Jutes, the, invade Britain with the Saxons and Angles, i. 149, ᚬv1
189-192ᚬ.
Kaffirs, our war with the, illustrative of that between the Romans and
the tribes of ancient Britain, i. 85.
Kali (or Karl) Hundason, appellation given to Duncan, son of Crinan, i.
400, 401, 404.
Kari Solmundson, i. 378.
Kathenes (Kettins), thanage of, iii. 266.
Kay and Qwhwle, clan, iii. 310.
_Keledei_ (_Cele De_), (_see_ Anchorites, Culdees), grant of lands at
Lochleven to the, ii. 355;
superseded by canons regular, 384;
suppression of those of St. Andrews, 384-388;
of Lochleven, 338;
of Monymusk, 389-392;
of Abernethy, 399;
regulations for the government of the community of, at St. Andrews,
ii. 357;
Armagh, 359;
Iona, 360;
Clonmacnois, 362.
Kells, Book of, iii. 170.
Kells (Cennanus, in Meath), church of, i. 305;
portion of St. Columba’s relics transferred to, 310; ii. ᚬv2
307ᚬ.
Kelly, thanage of, iii. 268.
Kelp manufacture in the Highlands, iii. 374;
failure of, 376.
Kelso (Calchvynyd), iii. 102.
Kemble’s _Saxons in England_, i. ᚬv1 150-1ᚬ.
Kenneth mac Alpin (Kynadius), chronology of his reign (844-60), i. ᚬv1
308ᚬ;
becomes king of the Picts, ᚬv1 309-10ᚬ;
obscurity of this period, 313;
causes and nature of the revolution which placed him on the Pictish
throne, ᚬv1 314-16ᚬ; ii. 306, 315;
re-establishes the Columban Church, selecting Dunkeld as the
Metropolitan see, 307;
builds a church there, and removes to it part of the relics of
Columba, 307;
question as to his paternal descent, i. 321;
A.D. 860 the true year of his death, 308, 313;
his sons and daughters, 313.
Kenneth (971-95), son of Malcolm, king of Alban, i. 368;
ravages the territory of the Britons, 368;
invades Northumbria, 369;
said to have slain Amlaiph, son of Indulph, 370;
untrustworthy statements as to the cession of any part of Northumbria
to him, ᚬv1 370-74ᚬ;
contest as to the sovereignty of Caithness, ᚬv1 374-80ᚬ;
slain at Fettercairn, 380;
his reign an important one both for the Scottish Church and for Iona,
ii. ᚬv2 331-2ᚬ.
Kenneth (997-1004), son of Dubh, king of Alban, i. ᚬv1 382-3ᚬ.
Kenneth (Mackenzies), clan, iii. 330, 354, 365;
legendary descent, 485.
Kent. _See_ Cantium.
Kentigern, St., i. 117;
biographies of, ii. ᚬv2 179-185ᚬ;
early notice of, 186;
driven to Wales, 187;
founds the monastery of Llanelwy (St. Asaph’s), 188;
recalled by Rydderch Hael, 190;
fixes his first see at Hoddam, 191;
missions to Galloway, Albania, and the Orkneys, 192;
returns to Glasgow, 193;
visited by Columba, 194;
his death, 196.
Ketill Flatnose (Caittil Finn), i. 311, 312, 326; iii.
29.
Kettins. _See_ Kathenes.
Kilbride MS., iii. 458, 460.
Kildare, church of, dedicated to St. Bridget, ii. 309.
Kilmalemnok, thanage of, iii. 249.
Kilmun, condition of Columban church of, ii. 410.
Kilrymont (Cellrighmonaid). _See_ St. Andrews.
Kinat, son of Ferat, king of the Picts, i. 309.
Kinclaven, thanage of, iii. 276, 277.
Kindeloch, Loch, old name of New Abbey parish in Kirkcudbright, i. ᚬv1
137ᚬ.
_See_ Cendaeladh.
Kindrochet (Chondrochedalvan), in Aberdeenshire, church of, dedicated
to St. Andrew, i. 298.
Kinelvadon (Cinel Baedan), a small state in Dalriada, i. 264.
Kingaltevy, thanage of, iii. 263.
Kinneir, thanage of, iii. 268.
Kinross, thanage of, iii. 268.
Kintyre (Cindtyre, Pentir), peninsula of:
known to the Romans as the ‘Promontorium Caledoniæ,’ i. 40; ii.
85;
visited by Agricola, i. 47;
settlement of the Irish Scots in, 140 _seq_.;
possessed by the Cinel Gabran, 229, 273;
mentioned in the _Gododin_, 250;
Norwegians in, 387;
sheriffdom of, and boundaries, iii. 89.
Kiritinus (Curitan), bishop and abbot of Rossmeinn, i. ᚬv1 277-8ᚬ.
Kirkbuddo, its connection with St. Boethius, i. 135.
Kirkcaldy, ii. 226.
Kirkintulloch, i. 161.
Kirriemuir (Westermore), Aethelstan advances to, in his invasion of
Alban, i. 352.
Knaresborough, i. 359.
Kyle and adjacent regions subdued, (A.D. 750) by Eadberct of
Northumbria, i. ᚬv1 294-5ᚬ.
Kyncarden, thanage of, iii. 258.
Kynlos, bridge of, i. 367.
Kynnaber, thanage of, iii. 265.
Kyntor (Kintore), thanage of, iii. 253.
Kyrkness, lands of, iii. 61, 361.
Labhran (Lawren), or MacLarens, clan, iii. 329, 343, 344, 363, 365,
483.
Lachlan, clan, iii. 331, 340, 341, 473.
Laight Alpin (a stone pillar so called), incorrectly identified by
Chalmers with Laight Castle, i. 292.
Laisren, Columba’s successor in Iona, ii. 150.
Lammermoor hills, i. 9, 240, 241;
the scene of the early life of St. Cuthbert, ii. 201.
Lamont (Ladmann), clan, iii. 331, 340, 341, 432.
Land-measures, iii. 153-157, 200-203, 223-227.
Land-tenure, iii. 83;
in the Highlands and Islands subsequent to the sixteenth century, 368
_seq_.
Languages of Britain, and their relation to each other, i. 192
_seq_., 226, 227;
the three dialects of British (Welsh, Cornish, and Breton) not
mutually intelligible, 199;
topographic evidence as to character of, ᚬv1 212-225ᚬ; ii. ᚬv2
453-457ᚬ;
a written language introduced by Scottish monks, 457;
Lowland Scotch termed English, 460, 462;
subsequently the term Scotch passes into Lowland Scotch, 462.
_See_ Manx.
Laws of King William the Lion, referred to, iii. 217.
Laws attributed to David I., iii. 217 _seq_.
_Leabhar Gabhala_, the, and its ethnologic legends, i. 172 _seq_.
Leader, river, ii. 201.
Lecan, Book of, ii. 26; iii. 338, 446 _seq_.
Lector (_Ferleiginn_), first appearance of the, ii. 444.
Leeds, i. 255.
_See_ Loidis.
Legendary origins, iii. 90-120;
extent of their historic basis, 120-24;
paralleled suspiciously in events during the Roman occupation of
Britain, 124.
_See also_ Celtic population, Highland clans.
Legion, city of the, i. 153.
Leinster, Book of, i. 172; iii. 476.
Leinster, kings of, i. 403.
Lemannonius Sinus (Loch Long), i. 67, 75.
Lennox (Levenach), district of, iii. 135;
the earldom of, 69;
its extinction, 300,
and legendary descent, 341, 359, 416;
remarks on Sir W. Fraser’s _Lennox_, 360.
Leva, river (North Esk), i. 67.
Leven, origin of the name, i. 221;
rivers in Argyllshire and Dumbartonshire, ᚬv1 272-73ᚬ.
_See_ Muredach Albanach.
Lewis (Lodus), island of, i. 387, 396; iii. 429.
Liaccmaelain, battle at, i. 264.
_Libere tenentes_, definition of, iii. 240.
_Liberi firmarii_, free farmers, iii. 243.
Liffey, kings of, i. 403.
Lindisfarne, island of (Ynys Medcaud), i. 237, 413;
episcopal seat of Bishop Aidan, 251; ii. 158;
removal of the see to York, i. 260;
the island attacked by Norwegian and Danish pirates, ᚬv1 302-3ᚬ.
Lindum, a town of the Damnonii, i. 73.
Lingaran (Duin Nechtain), battle of (in parish of Dunnichen,
Forfarshire), i. 265; ii. 213.
Linnhe loch, i. 264.
Lintrose, Roman camp at, i. 49, 50;
plan of, in Roy’s _Military Antiquities_, 51.
Liotr, son of Thorfinn, earl of Orkney, i. ᚬv1 374-5ᚬ.
Lismore, Book of, iii. 117, 130, 137;
isle of, 435.
_See_ Argyll, Epidium.
Literature and learning, influence of the Church on, ii. 448.
Loarn, Cinel, one of the three tribes of the Dalriadic kingdom,
inhabiting the district of Lorn, i. 229;
its three subdivisions, 230, 264;
contest for the Dalriadic throne with Cinel Gabran, ᚬv1 272-3ᚬ, ᚬv1
287ᚬ;
driven to extremity by Angus, they attack the Picts in Manann, and
are defeated by Talorgan, Angus’s brother, ᚬv1 290-91ᚬ.
Lochene, son of Nechtan Cennfota, slain, i. 246.
Lochlannach (people of Lochlann), a term applied to the Norwegians, i.
304.
Lochleven, Culdees of, i. 406.
Lochow, district of, the original seat of the clan O’Duibhn or
Campbells, iii. 330, 331, 343.
Logierait (Loginmahedd), church of, iii. 274.
Loidis: confusion in Bede’s use of the word, i. ᚬv1 254-5ᚬ.
_See_ Lothian.
Loirgeclat (Loch Arklet), conflict between the Dalriads and Britons at,
i. 273.
Lollius Urbicus, sent to Britain, i. 76;
constructs wall of Antoninus, ᚬv1 76-79ᚬ.
Long Island (Outer Hebrides), present condition of population of
townships in, iii. 378;
methods of cultivation, 379-381;
reclamation of moorland, 381;
grazing, 382;
hill-grazing, 385-87;
shealings, 387;
rents, 388;
seaweed gathering, 389;
fines and reparation for trespass by cattle, etc., 385, 390;
laws and customs, 390-91;
houses, 392;
friendliness, 393;
gradual disappearance of the system, 394.
_See_ Highlands.
Longus, river (the Add), i. 68, 216.
Loogdeae (Loch Inch), battle near, i. 288.
Lords of the Isles. _See_ Isles.
Lorn, district of, i. 229;
subdivisions of, 230;
sheriffdom of, and boundaries, iii. 88.
Lothian (Lothene, Loidis, Lodonea), districts comprised under this
term, i. 131, 240, 241, 255;
invaded six times by Kenneth Mac Alpin, 310, 374;
surrendered to the Scots, 365;
its cession by king Edgar to Kenneth son of Malcolm, not correct, ᚬv1
370-74ᚬ;
ceded to Malcolm ii., 393, 394;
monasteries in, ii. 200;
churches founded in Lothian only after the extinction of the Celtic
church, 366.
Loudon Hill, Roman remains on, i. 73.
Lowthers, the, a group of hills, i. 9.
Loxa, river (Lossie), i. 67, 216.
Loyng, isle of, iii. 438.
Luaire (Carlowrie?), battle at, i. 325.
Lucopibia, a town of the Novantæ, i. 72, 132.
Lucullus, a Roman governor in Britain, successor of Agricola, i. ᚬv1
58ᚬ.
Lugi, a northern tribe, i. 76, 206.
Lulach, son of Gilcomgan, king of Scotia, i. 411.
Lumphanan, i. 410, 413.
Lupicinus, sent to Britain to oppose the Picts and Scots, i. 98.
Lupus, Vivius, governor of Britain, i. 80.
Macbeth (Maelbaethe), son of Finnlaec, his submission to king Cnut, i.
395, 397;
mormaer of Moray, ᚬv1 403-4ᚬ; iii. 53;
king of Scotia, i. 405;
kingdom invaded by Siward, earl of Northumbria, ᚬv1 408-9ᚬ;
slain by Malcolm Ceannmor, at Lumphanan, 410.
M‘Clane, Dowart (Great M‘Lane), iii. 434 _seq_.
M‘Clane of Lochbuy, iii. 434, 435, 439.
M‘Cloyd, Lewis, iii. 429, 431, 432.
M‘Cloyd, Harreis, iii. 429, 431, 433.
M‘Cowle of Lorne, iii. 435.
Maccus (Magnus), son of Aralt, i. 376; iii. 30.
Macdonald, Alexander, Gaelic scholar and poet, ii. 464.
Macdonalds, the. _See_ Clanranald, Donald.
Macdougalls, the. _See_ Dubhgal.
Macduff, the fictitious, iii. 64.
Macduff, clan, and its privileges, iii. 303-6.
_See_ Gillemichel.
MacDuffy (Makasie), Laird, iii. 438.
MacEth, Malcolm, mystery of his antecedents, i. 462;
raises a rebellion, 462;
checked in Galloway, 464;
finally defeated, taken prisoner, and confined, 464;
liberated, 469;
deprived of his eyesight, 470;
retires to a monastery, 470.
MacEth, Donald, eldest son of Malcolm, defeated and taken prisoner at
Whithern, i. 469.
MacEth, Kenneth, heads an insurrection, is taken prisoner and
beheaded, i. 483.
MacEwens of Otter, iii. 340-41.
M‘Firbis, sennachie, iii. 119, 458 _seq_.
Macgregor, Dean, of Lismore, ii. 461.
_See_ Lismore, Book of.
MacGregors, clan. _See_ Gregor.
MacIntosh, clan, iii. 356-8, 478.
_See_ Chattan.
MacIntyre, Duncan Ban, ii. 464.
Mackay, clan. _See_ Morgan.
Mackenzie, clan. _See_ Kenneth.
MacKinnons, clan, iii. 363, 488.
_See_ Fingaine.
M‘Kynvin, Laird, iii. 432, 434.
MacLarens, clan, iii. 343-4.
MacLeans, clan, iii. 331, 343, 354, 480.
MacLennans, clan, iii. 489.
MacLeods, clan, iii. 331, 339, 354, 429, 460.
MacMillans, clan, iii. 489.
MacNabs, clan, iii. 362, 365, 486.
MacNaughtons, the, iii. 342.
M‘Neill, Barra, iii. 430.
MacQuarries, clan. _See_ Guaire.
MacRory, clan, iii. 471.
M‘Thomas, clan, iii. 330.
MacVurich, historian and sennachie, iii. 33 _seq_., 397 _seq_.
Mac William, Donald Ban, aspires to the throne (A.D. 1181), i. ᚬv1
476ᚬ;
killed at Mamgarvia Moor, 479.
MacWilliam, Guthred, son of Donald Ban, incites to rebellion (A.D.
1211), and is beheaded, i. 482.
MacWilliam, Donald Ban, heads an insurrection (A.D. 1215), is taken
prisoner, and beheaded, i. 483.
Madderty, abthanry of, iii. 87.
Mæatæ, nation of the, i. 80, 81, 90, 99, 128;
etymology of the name, 83, 87.
Maelbaethe. _See_ Macbeth.
Maelbrigde, bishop of Alban, ii. 330.
Maelduin, bishop of Alban, ii. 343.
Maelrubha, St., founds church of Applecross, ii. 169.
Maelsechnaill, king of Ireland, death of, i. 323.
Maerleswegen (Marleswein), i. 414, 415, 420.
Magbiodr (Maelbrigdi), a Scottish earl, i. ᚬv1 374-5ᚬ, 397.
Magedauc, Mocetauc. _See_ Mugdoch.
Magh Fortren. _See_ Fortrenn.
Magh Girgin. _See_ Circinn.
Magh Lena, poem on battle of, iii. 154.
Magh Rath, battle of, i. 198, 248.
Magnus Barefoot, king of Norway, his first invasion of the Isles (A.D.
1093), i. 437;
his second expedition (1098), 441;
third (1103), in which he was slain, ᚬv1 442-3ᚬ; iii. 32, 47.
Maid of Norway, i. ᚬv1 496-7ᚬ.
_See_ Margaret.
Maighline, in Ulster, mistaken by Chalmers for Mauchlin, in Ayrshire,
i. 132.
Mailcu, a Dalaradian king, i. 136.
Maine, Sir Henry, his _Early Institutions_, iii. 137, 146 _seq_.
Major, John, cited, iii. 317.
Malcolm I. son of Donald, king of Alban (A.D. 942-54), i. 360;
invades Moreb or Moray and slays Cellach, ᚬv1 360-1ᚬ;
Cumbria ceded to the Scots, 362, 382;
penetrates into England as far as the Tees, 363;
said by some to have been slain at Fetteresso by the men of Moerne,
by others at Ulurn by the men of Moray, ᚬv1 364-5ᚬ.
Malcolm II., son of Kenneth, king of Scotia (A.D. 1005-34), slays his
predecessor Kenneth, son of Dubh, at Monzievaird, i. ᚬv1 382-3ᚬ;
defeated in attempting to extend his territories beyond the Forth,
ᚬv1 385-6ᚬ;
state of the districts north of the Spey at this time, 386,
_seq_.;
gives one of his daughters in marriage to Sigurd the Stout, 386,
401;
and another to Crinan, abbot of Dunkeld, 390, 392;
second attempt on Northumbria, battle of Carham, cession of Lothian
to the Scots, ᚬv1 392-94ᚬ;
his submission to Cnut the Dane, 395;
his death, ᚬv1 397-8ᚬ;
description of Britain at this period, 395;
the name Scotia transferred from Ireland to Scotland, 398.
Malcolm III. (Ceannmor), son of Duncan, king of Scotia (A.D. 1057-93),
i. 408;
is put in possession of the throne of Cumbria by Earl Siward, ᚬv1
408-410ᚬ;
slays Macbeth, king of Scotia, 410;
date of his accession, 410;
marries first, Ingibiorg, widow of Thorfinn, 414,
and second, Margaret, sister of Eadgar Aetheling, 415, ᚬv1
422ᚬ; iii. 215;
advantages accruing to him from these relationships, i. ᚬv1 415-16ᚬ;
his invasions of Northumbria, ᚬv1 417-22ᚬ;
his relations with William the Conqueror, 423 _seq_.;
his death, 430;
state of Scotland at this time, ᚬv1 432-3ᚬ;
his family, 434.
Malcolm IV., grandson of David I., reigns twelve years (A.D. 1153-65),
i. 469;
first king crowned at Scone, 469;
attacked by Somerled and the sons of Malcolm mac Eth, 469;
temporary peace agreed to, 470;
quells the revolt of six of the seven earls of Scotland, 471;
iii. 65;
subdues Galloway, i. 472;
represses the rebellious spirit in the district of Moray, 473;
defeats Somerled at Renfrew, 473;
his death, 474.
Malcolm, son of Donald, king of the Cumbrians, death of, i. ᚬv1 381-2ᚬ.
Maldred, son of Crinan, i. 392, 394, 408, 419.
Maleus, island (Mull), i. 68, 216.
Malisius, bishop of Alban, ii. 329.
Mamgarvia moor in Moray, i. 479.
Mamore, district of, i. 411.
Man, Isle of, subjected to Norwegian rule, i. 345;
the Danes in, 347;
the island a bone of contention between the two, 376 _seq_.;
some time in possession of the Scots, finally passes to the English
crown, iii. 9;
office of the Toshiagh Jioarey, 279.
Manau (Manann), boundaries of the district in Scotland so called, i.
131, 238, 254;
battle of, 161;
Picts of, rise against their Saxon rulers, but are defeated, ᚬv1
270ᚬ;
attacked by Muredach of Dalriada, who is defeated by Angus’s brother
at Carriber, ᚬv1 290-91ᚬ.
Manx tongue, the, i. 193;
not understood by the Irish, 199.
Maor (Mair) of fee, iii. 279, 280.
Mar, district of, i. 281, 341;
Donald, mormaer of, slain, ᚬv1 387-8ᚬ;
Mar and Buchan, one of the seven provinces, iii. 43, 46;
earldom of, 68;
historic sketch of, 291.
Mar, earl of, authenticity of the letters-patent said to have been
granted to him in 1171, examined, iii. 441.
Marcellus Ulpius, i. 79.
Marcus, Emperor, slain by Gratian, i. 108.
Margaret, daughter of Alexander III., and her daughter the Maid of
Norway, i. ᚬv1 496-7ᚬ.
Margaret, St., wife of Malcolm III. (Ceannmor), i. ᚬv1 414-16ᚬ, ᚬv1
432ᚬ;
her death, 433;
character of, ii. 344;
her reforms in the church, ᚬv2 346-50ᚬ;
her demeanour to the Anchorites, 351;
rebuilds the monastery of Iona, 352;
her relics enshrined at Dunfermline, 491; iii. 81.
Marianus Scotus, _Chronicle of_, i. 398, 403, 407.
Martin, St., of Tours, church of Candida Casa dedicated to, ii. 3,
49.
Maserfelth. _See_ Cocboy.
Mathesons, clan, iii. 354, 365, 485.
Maxima Cæsariensis, a Roman province in Britain, i. 96, 97,
103.
Maximian, Galerius, associated with Diocletian in the empire, i. ᚬv1
92ᚬ, 93.
Maximus, Clemens, proclaimed Emperor in Britain, i. 104;
Gratian slain by him in Gaul, and he himself defeated and slain by
the emperor Theodosius, at Aquileia, 105.
May, Isle of, St. Adrian and those who accompanied him, slain there by
the Danes, i. 321; ii. 312.
Mearns. _See_ Moerne.
Medraud, son of Llew of Lothian, i. 154.
Meicen. _See_ Hatfield.
Melbrigda Tönn, a Scottish jarl, slain by Sigurd, i. ᚬv1 336-7ᚬ.
Melrose (Mailros), monastery at, i. 133; ii. 200;
_Chronicle of_, quoted, iii. 65.
Menmuir, dedication to St. Aidan at, i. 260;
thanage of, iii. 265.
Menteith and Stratherne, province of, i. 211, 340, 342;
iii. 43, 46;
historic sketch of the earldom of, 290.
_See_ Fortrenn.
Mercia, kingdom of, i. 239, 243.
Mertæ, a northern tribe, i. 76, 206.
Miathi (? = Mæatæ), the, battle of, by Aidan, i. 161;
locality of, v1.
Miledh (Milesius), legend of the sons of, i. 174 _seq_.; iii. 108;
the Milesians a variety of the Gadhelic branch of the Celtic race,
and known as Scots after fourth century, i. 227.
_Milites_, knights, status of, in the tribe, iii. 239-40.
Minvircc (stone so called), Britons defeated by the Dalriads at, i. ᚬv1
273ᚬ.
_See_ Clach na Breatan.
Modan, St., notice of, ii. 282.
Moddan, nominated earl of Caithness by King Duncan, slain by Thorkell
Fostri, i. 401, 402.
Moerne, Men of, i. 342, 380, 383;
province of, iii. 42, 46, 122.
Moinenn, St. (Monenna, Monanus), notice of, ii. 37, ᚬv2 311-314ᚬ.
Molaga, St., bed of, ii. 304.
Molaise, the monastic order of, founded by Ragnall, son of Somerled,
iii. 400.
Mona (Anglesea), i. 32, 43.
Monarchy, the idea of, a legacy of Rome to Britain, i. 121.
Monarina, island of (Arran), i. 68, 69.
Monastery, the primitive Irish, ii. 57;
monastic element introduced into the organisation of the church, ᚬv2
41ᚬ;
derived from Gaul, 45;
reached the Irish Church through two different channels, 45;
monastic family described, 61;
island monasteries, 62;
monasteries, Christian colonies, 63;
privilege of sanctuary, 65;
seminaries of instruction, 75;
monastic church affected by two opposite influences—secular clergy,
227,
and anchoretical life, ᚬv2 233-39ᚬ;
literature of, 422;
monastic orders of church of Rome introduced in the native church,
392;
and monasteries founded by feudal kings, iii. 12.
Moncrieffe (_Monaigh Craebi_), in Perthshire, battle at, i. 288.
Monifieth (Monyfoth), thanage of, iii. 263, 267.
Monikie (_Monichi_, _Moneclatu_), church of, dedicated to St. Andrew,
i. ᚬv1 297-8ᚬ.
Montrose (Old Monros), thanage of, iii. 265.
Monzievaird (_Moeghavard_), in Stratherne, i. ᚬv1 383-4ᚬ; iii. 270.
Moray (_Moravia_, _Myrhaevi_, _Moreb_), district of, i. 241, ᚬv1
381ᚬ, 396, 402;
invaded by Malcolm, son of Donald, 360;
Finlaic, mormaer of, 375, 389;
bishopric of, ii. ᚬv2 368-370ᚬ;
historical sketch of the thanage of, iii. 249;
earldom of, 287;
chartulary of, 312;
men of, 365;
legendary descent of, 476.
Morgan (Mackays), clan, iii. 330.
Morkere, Earl, i. 418.
Mormaers, rulers of provinces in the eleventh century, iii. 49, 303;
termed Jarls by the Norwegians, 54.
Morphie, thanage of, iii. 261.
Mortuath. _See_ Tribe.
Mount, St. Michael’s, i. 166.
Mountain chains (_see_ Cheviots, Drumalban, Lowthers, Mounth), their
importance as landmarks, i. 13.
Mounth, the, a mountain chain from near Aberdeen to Fort-William, i.
ᚬv1 10-14ᚬ, 230 _seq_.; iii. 133.
Moylinny. _See_ Maighline.
Moyness, thanage of, iii. 248.
Mugdoch (_Mocetauc_, _Magedauc_), battle at, between the Picts of
Manann and the Britons, i. 295.
Mugint, St., i. 136.
Mull (Mule), isle of, iii. 434;
townships in, 371.
Munbre, thanage of, iii. 86, 251.
Munch, Professor, i. 400, 412.
Municipal government, a legacy of Rome to Britain, i. 121.
Muredach Albanach, his address to the river Leven, iii. 117 _seq_.;
the original of the poem, 454-5.
Muredach, son of Ainbhceallach, chief of the Cinel Loarn, i. 289.
Mureif, district of, = Reged, i. 153; iii. 102.
Mureston Water, i. 249.
Mynyd Agned (Dineiddyn, Dunedin = Edinburgh), i. 153, 238.
Myrcforth (Myrcford), Norse term for the Firth of Forth, i. 369.
Myrhaevi. _See_ Moray.
Nabarus, river (the Naver), i. 69.
Naiton, Naitan, king of the Picts. _See_ Nectan.
Nash, D. W., remarks on his paper on the site of the battle in which
Penda was slain, i. 255.
Native-men, iii. 318-321.
Neachtan (MacNaughton), clan, iii. 331, 499.
Nechtan’s mere, i. 266.
Nectan, a Pictish king, restored to life by St. Boethius, i. 135.
Nectan (Naiton), son of Dereli, king of the Picts, i. 270, ᚬv1
277-280ᚬ;
conforms to the Anglican Roman Church, and expels the Columban clergy
from his kingdom, ᚬv1 283-4ᚬ;
becomes a cleric, 284;
bound by Drust, ᚬv1 285-6ᚬ;
endeavours to regain his crown, 288;
his death, 289.
Nectarides, a Count of the maritime tract in Britain, slain by the
Saxons, i. 99.
Neill (MacNeill), clan, iii. 331, 430.
Newburgh (Niwanbyrig), i. 295.
Niall of Iceland and his sons, i. ᚬv1 377-9ᚬ.
Niall Mor, iii. 115.
Nicholas, Pope, i. 413.
Nicolsons, clan, iii. 461.
Niduari, the, of Bede = Ptolemy’s Novantæ, i. 133, 238; ii.
208, 209.
Nieder Biebr, inscriptions found at, i. 89.
Niger, C. Pescennius, Emperor, put to death by Severus, i. 80.
Ninian, St., life and labours of, i. 130; ii. ᚬv2 2-6ᚬ;
church of, known as Candida Casa, i. 188; ii. 2, ᚬv2
45-49ᚬ.
_See_ Church, Whithorn.
Nith, river (the Novius of Ptolemy), i. 66, 133.
Nordereys (Northern Islands—Orkney and Shetland) and Sudreys (the
Western Islands), iii. 28, 29;
Hill Burton’s mistake as to these, i. 495.
Norman Castles first built in David the First’s reign, i. 465;
iii. 12.
Normandykes, on the Dee, camp at, i. 87.
Norris, Mr., on the mutual intelligibility of Breton and Cornish, i.
199.
Northumbria, kingdom of (_see_ Ida, Aedilfrid, Aeduin, Osuald, Osuiu,
Ecgfrid, Eadberct, Osulf);
invasions of, by kings of Alban, i. 372;
invaded by the Danes, 332;
attacked by Aethelstan, 351 _seq_.;
vicissitudes under Eadmund and Eadred, ᚬv1 363-4ᚬ;
the kingdom becomes an earldom, 364;
is divided into two earldoms, 369;
is invaded five times by Malcolm Ceannmor, 417 _seq_.;
Scottish church of, 258; ii. ᚬv2 154-166ᚬ.
Norway, Maid of, i. 497.
Norwegia and Dacia, districts occupied by Norwegians and Danes, i. ᚬv1
395-6ᚬ.
Norwegians (_see also_ Danes), first irruptions of, on the British
coasts (A.D. 793) i. 302 _seq_.; iii. 18;
association with the Gallwegians, i. 311 (_see_ Gallgaidhel);
conflict with Danes, 327;
their invasions of Alban in Constantin’s reign, 339, 347.
_See_ Imhair Ua Imhair, Regnwald.
Novantæ, promontory of the (Mull of Galloway), i. 66;
tribe of the, and their towns, 72, 127.
Nrurim, Aed, king of the Picts, slain at, by his own people, i. ᚬv1
328ᚬ.
Oan (Eugein), king of the Britons, i. 250, 271.
Obeyn (Aboyne), thanage of, iii. 86, 256.
Ocha, battle of, i. 25, 139, 180; ii. 46; iii. 120.
Octa and Ebissa’s colony, i. 147;
war with, 152 _seq_.
O’Curry, Professor, i. 2.
O’Donovan, Dr., i. 2, 199.
O’Duibhn (Campbells), iii. 330, 458.
Oestrymnides, a name applied to the Cassiterides, i. 168.
Oikell, river, i. 337.
Olaf. _See_ Anlaf, Amlaiph.
Olaf Ketilson, i. 377.
Olaf the White. _See_ Amlaimh.
Olaf Tryggvesson, the first Christian king of Norway, i. 386.
Olave, son of Godred Crovan, rules Western Isles forty years, i. ᚬv1
443ᚬ.
O’Neill, thanage of, iii. 256.
Oransay, isle of, iii. 438.
Orcades, the (Orkney Islands), i. 35;
taken possession of by the Roman fleet, 57.
Orcas, promontory of (Dunnet Head), i. 31, 68.
Ordas, a name of Lewis, i. ᚬv1 395-6ᚬ.
Ordovices, a British tribe, i. 35;
defeated by Agricola, 43.
_Orkneyinga Saga_, i. ᚬv1 336-7ᚬ, 375, 389, 390;
quoted, iii. 54;
cited, 448.
Orkneys, the, Saxons form their headquarters there in A.D. 369, i. ᚬv1
101ᚬ, 130;
laid waste in 682 by Bruidhe, 263;
Norwegian earldom of Orkney founded, ᚬv1 335-7ᚬ;
the earls and their exploits, 374 _seq_., 386, 388,
401; iii. 8.
_See_ Caithness, Orcades.
Orr, loch, Roman remains on, i. 74.
Orrea, a town of the Vernicomes, i. 74.
Osbryht, king of Northumbria, slain, i. 332.
Osfrid, son of Aeduin, i. 243.
Oshern, son of Siward, i. 408.
Osirsdaill, Ottersdaill, forest of, iii. 429, 430.
Oslac, an earl of Northumbria, i. 368.
Osred, son of Aldfrid of Northumbria, i. 270.
Osric, son of Aelric, i. 244;
his son, Osuini, 253.
Ostorius (Publius), appointed Roman governor of Britain, i. 36,
37.
Osuald, son of Aedilfrid, king of Northumbria (A.D. 634-42), i. ᚬv1
244-6ᚬ; ii. 159;
his reign, i. ᚬv1 251-2ᚬ; ii. 155 _seq_.;
slain by Penda, i. 252.
Osuald the Patrician, i. 304.
Osuiu (Oswy), his reign as king of Northumbria (A.D. 642-70), i. ᚬv1
252-260ᚬ; ii. 163, 200, 207;
his death, i. 260.
Osulf, king of Northumbria (A.D. 758), i. 300;
disorganisation of the kingdom at his death, 331.
Osulf, name of different earls of Northumbria, i. 368, 418.
Oswestry (Oswaldstree), battle of Cocboy fought at, in which Osuald was
slain by Penda, i. 252.
Oswine, one of Ethelwald’s generals, i. 300.
Otadeni (Otalini), tribe of the, i. 71;
their territory, 106, 218, 237.
Othlyn (Gethlyn, Getling), the plains of, mentioned as the scene of the
battle of Brunanburg, i. 359.
Ottir, a Danish earl, slain at Tynemoor, i. ᚬv1 347-8ᚬ.
Outer Hebrides. _See_ Long Island.
Ovania, probably Strathaven, i. 295.
Owen (Eugenius the Bald), son of Domnall, sub-king of Cumbria, slain,
i. ᚬv1 393-4ᚬ.
Owin (Eugenius, Eaoin), king of the Cumbrians, put to flight by
Aethelstan, i. 352.
Pabba, isle of, iii. 431.
Palgrave, Sir Francis, his work on Scottish Affairs quoted, iii. 444.
Palladius, St., notices of his life and labours, ii. 26 _seq_.
Patrick, St., mentioned, i. 121, 136, 140;
analysis of the ‘Lives’ of, ii. ᚬv2 14-17ᚬ, ᚬv2 427-443ᚬ;
sketch of his life and labours, ᚬv2 17-25ᚬ.
Paulinus, missionary among the Angles of Northumbria, i. 240, ᚬv1
244ᚬ; ii. 154.
Pecthelm, bishop in Candida Casa, i. 275; ii. 222.
Pedigrees, Book of, iii. 163.
Pedigrees in the Irish MSS., analysis of, iii. 338;
of the Campbells, 339;
the Macleods, 340;
descendants of Colla Uais and Somerled, 340;
of Hy Neill, 340;
of the earls of Lennox and Mar, 341;
of the clans among the Dalriadic Scots, 341;
of the descendants of Cormac mac Airbertach, 344;
artificial character of these pedigrees, 346;
compilation of spurious pedigrees, 349;
result of analysis, 364.
_See_ Clans, Genealogies.
Pelagian heresy, breaking out of the, i. 149.
Penda, king of Mercia, joins Caedwalla in attacking Northumbria, i. ᚬv1
243ᚬ;
slays Osuald at Cocboy, 252;
and thereafter ravages Northumbria, ᚬv1 253-54ᚬ;
slain by Osuiu, 254.
Penny lands defined, iii. 226.
Pentir. _See_ Kintyre.
Pentland, a corruption of Petland or Pictland, i. 131, 223;
the Pentland hills the southern boundary of the debateable lands, ᚬv1
238ᚬ, 247, 249; iii. 277.
Pentland Firth, i. 402.
Perth, combat of two clans on North Inch of, iii. 310.
Peter, St., church of, at Wearmouth, i. 421;
churches dedicated to, amongst the Picts, ii. 233.
Peterborough, monastery of, ii. 244.
Petilius Cerealis, a Roman governor in Britain, i. 39.
Pharlane, clan, iii. 329, 365.
Phoceans, the, of Marseilles, i. 29, 30.
Phœnicians: their intercourse with the British Isles, i. 29, ᚬv1
30ᚬ.
Phrissones. _See_ Frisians.
_Pictish Chronicle_, a work of the tenth century, i. 133, ᚬv1
134ᚬ, 185;
its first application of the term ‘Scotti’ to the Picts, 328.
Pictish language, remains of, i. 501.
Pictish legend of Cruithe and his seven sons, i. 281.
Pictish and Cumbrian territories, foreign elements introduced among
population of, iii. 20;
spread of Teutonic element over, 21.
Picts: first appearance of the independent British tribes under this
name, i. 94, 97;
twofold division of, the Dicalidonæ and the Vecturiones, 99, ᚬv1
129ᚬ;
origin of the name from the practice of painting their bodies, ᚬv1
128ᚬ, 129;
their Welsh name Gwyddyl Ffichti, 197, 343;
their incursions, along with Scots and Saxons, into the Roman
province, 105 _seq_.;
their history traced, ᚬv1 123-137ᚬ;
division into Northern and Southern Picts, and the districts occupied
by them respectively, 130, 230 _seq_.;
mission of St. Ninian to the Southern Picts (_c_. A.D. 397), ᚬv1
130ᚬ; ii. 3;
Pictish legends, i. ᚬv1 185-189ᚬ; ii. 113; iii. 124-134;
did they belong either to the Welsh or the Gaelic race? i. ᚬv1
197-8ᚬ, 226;
analysis of lists of Pictish kings, and its philological results, ᚬv1
207-12ᚬ;
topography of the districts occupied by them, 223, 224;
differences between the two divisions as to race and language, ᚬv1
231ᚬ;
their seat of government, 232;
peculiarity in the order of succession among their kings, ᚬv1
232-235ᚬ;
church of the Southern Picts, ii. 26 _seq_.;
arrival of St. Columba among the Northern Picts (A.D. 565), _see_
Columba;
the Southern Picts subjugated (_c_. A.D. 660) by Osuiu, i. 256
_seq_.; ii. 207;
their revolt, i. 260;
their kingdom invaded by Ecgfrid (A.D. 685), ᚬv1 265-266ᚬ; ii. ᚬv2
213ᚬ (_see_ Ecgfrid);
recovery of their independence, i. 267;
their relations with the Scots of Dalriada at this juncture, ᚬv1
276-7ᚬ;
the Picts of Manann (_see_ Manau, Mugdoch), 270, 271, ᚬv1
295ᚬ;
legend of St. Bonifacius, 277; ii. 229;
establishment of Scone as the capital (A.D. 710), i. 280; iii.
132;
the seven provinces in the eighth century, i. 280; \ iii. 42-44;
expulsion of the Columban clergy (A.D. 717), i. ᚬv1 283-84ᚬ, ᚬv1
315-16ᚬ; ii. ᚬv2 177-78ᚬ;
revolution, and struggle for supremacy, i. 286;
battles at Moncrieffe, Scone, Monitcarno, Dromaderg, ᚬv1 288-9ᚬ;
battle at Circinn in the Mearns (A.D. 752), 295; iii. 123;
Alpin the Scot attacks the Picts (A.D. 834), and is slain at
Pitelpie, near Dundee, i. ᚬv1 306-7ᚬ;
his son Kenneth invades Pictavia five years later, and in another
five years becomes king of the Picts, i. 308-9, ii. 307;
discussion of the question as to where the Scots came from who
accompanied Kenneth, i. ᚬv1 316-322ᚬ.
_See_ Kenneth Mac Alpin.
Pinkerton, John, i. 12, 22, 140;
remarks on his _Enquiry_, 19, 196.
Pitalpin (Pitelpie), Alpin, father of Kenneth, slain there, i. ᚬv1
306-7ᚬ.
Pitmain, on the Spey, Roman remains at, i. 89.
Pliny, i. 31.
Pluscarden, Book of, iii. 311 _seq_.
Polybius, his reference to the British Isles, i. 30.
Potato culture in the Highlands and Islands, iii. 374.
Presbyter-abbot, status and jurisdiction, ii. 44.
Price, Rev. T., on the mutual intelligibility of Welsh and Breton, i.
199.
_Principes_, status of, in the tribe, iii. 239.
Procopius, historian of sixth century—his ignorance of Britain, i. ᚬv1
115ᚬ, 145.
Provinces of Scotland under the Picts in the kingdom of Scone, i. ᚬv1
280ᚬ; iii. 42-44;
a second list of seven, excluding Caithness and including Argyll, in
the kingdom of Alban, in the tenth century, i. 340 _seq_.;
iii. 44-49;
provincial rulers termed Mormaers in the eleventh century, ᚬv1
49-56ᚬ;
Toisechs of Buchan, 56;
first appearance of seven earls, 58;
David I.'s feudalising policy, ᚬv1 63-66ᚬ;
additional earldoms created by subsequent kings of Feudal Scotland,
66;
earldom of Mar, 68;
of Garrioch and Lennox, 69;
of Ross and Carrick, 70;
of Caithness, 71;
the seven earls of Alexander II., 71, 79;
and of Alexander III., ᚬv1 80-83ᚬ.
Ptolemy: his description of North Britain, i. ᚬv1 62-70ᚬ;
and of the tribes and their towns, 70 _seq_.;
comparative value of the Greek and Latin versions of his _Geography_,
63, 64.
Pygmies Kirk, Isle of Lewis, iii. 429.
Pytheas, a Massilian, his expedition to Britain, i. 30.
Quarry, clan, legendary descent of, iii. 488.
_See_ Guaire.
Qwhewyl, clan, iii. 310, 314.
Raarsa, isle of, iii. 433.
Raasay (Rosis), river (now Blackwater), a Scots colony reaches, i. ᚬv1
183ᚬ, 320.
Raedykes, near Stonehaven, Roman camp at, i. 87.
Raedykes, on the Ythan, Roman camp at, i. 87.
Ragnall (Reginald), second son of Somerled, descendants of, iii. 401;
espouse the cause of Bruce, 401.
Ragnall, son of Eoin, his religious gifts, extent of his territories,
and death, iii. 403.
Ragnar Lodbrog and his sons, i. 332.
_Rath_ (homestead) lands, iii. 243.
Rathelpie (Rathalpin), connected with Alpin, father of Kenneth, i. ᚬv1
307ᚬ.
Rathinveramon (near Scone), Donald mac Alpin said to have died at, i.
322;
Constantin, son of Cuilean, slain at, 381.
Rauchlynne, isle of, iii. 439.
Ravenna, the geographer of, on the Saxons in Britain, i. 148;
his list of local names, 216, 217.
Reginald, son of Somerled, iii. 35, 39, 293, 400.
Reginald, son of Godred Crovan, iii. 35;
sometimes confounded with Somerled’s son, as both bore the title of
King of the Isles, 35, 36.
Regnwald, leader of the last invasion of Alban by the Northmen, i. ᚬv1
347-349ᚬ, 373.
Regulus, St., legend of, and the relics of St. Andrew, i. ᚬv1 297-8ᚬ.
Rerigonium, a town of the Novantæ, on Loch Ryan—its fortified moat, i.
72, 132.
Rerigonius Bay (Loch Ryan), i. 66.
Retaliation and fine, in the tribe, iii. 152, 204, 217.
Restennet (Restinoth), church of, i. 278; iii. 262.
Reuda, leader of the Scots who came from Ireland, i. 138, ᚬv1
139ᚬ.
Richard of Cirencester, the work attributed to him, _De situ
Britanniæ_, entirely spurious, i. 22, 74, 76, ᚬv1
102ᚬ, 103.
Ricsig, king of Northumbria, i. 332.
Rigmonath (St. Andrews), i. 183.
Robertson, E. W., i. 12;
his _Scotland under her Early Kings_, 19; iii. 62.
Robertson, Dr. Joseph, i. 333;
on the Mar letters-patent, iii. 443.
Rognwald, earl of Maeri, i. 335, 344.
Roland, lord of Galloway, i. 345.
Romans in Britain: Julius Cæsar’s invasion, i. 31;
formation of a province, called Britannia Romana, in the reign of
Claudius, 33, 34;
progress of the Roman arms, 34;
extent of the province at the time of Agricola’s arrival, 41,
42;
his campaigns (_see_ Agricola);
arrival of the Emperor Hadrian, 60;
first wall between the Forth and Clyde—the province established, ᚬv1
76ᚬ;
irruptions on the province by the northern tribes in A.D. 162 and
182, 79;
the province divided by Severus into two, Upper and Lower Britain,
81;
campaign of Severus, 82 _seq_.;
peace made with the barbarian tribes by his son Antoninus, 90,
91;
history silent for seventy years, 92;
ten years’ independence under Carausius and Allectus, ᚬv1 92-95ᚬ;
war of Constantius Chlorus, 94, 95;
commencement of systematic inroads of the barbarian tribes into the
province, 95;
rapid development of wealth and civilisation, 96;
division into four provinces, 96, 97;
invasion of the province by Picts and Scots, 97,
who were afterwards joined by the Saxons and the Attacotti, ᚬv1
98-100ᚬ;
restoration of the province by Theodosius, ᚬv1 100-104ᚬ;
usurpation of Maximus, 104;
his withdrawal of the Roman troops, and renewed incursions of the
Picts and Scots, 105;
a legion sent by Stilicho to garrison the northern wall, 105,
106;
the legion withdrawn, and the province again devastated, 106;
the invaders again repelled by Stilicho, and the army restored, ᚬv1
107ᚬ;
troubled state of the empire till the abandonment (A.D. 410) of the
imperial authority over Britain, ᚬv1 107-112ᚬ.
Roman remains in Scotland, i. 44 _seq_., 49, 71 _seq_.,
ᚬv1 86-88ᚬ.
Roman roads in Scotland, i. ᚬv1 86-89ᚬ.
Roman walls in Britain: that of Hadrian, between the Tyne and the
Solway, i. 60, 61;
that of Antoninus, between the Forth and the Clyde, ᚬv1 77-79ᚬ;
its reconstruction by Severus, 81, 89;
examination of differing opinions on the walls, ᚬv1 89-91ᚬ.
Romb, isle of, iii. 434.
Romwrche, Ness of (Point of Ardnamurchan), iii. 428.
Rona, isle of, iii. 431.
Ronan, St., notice of, ii. 282.
Root-words peculiar to the topography of the Pictish districts, i. ᚬv1
223-4ᚬ.
_See_ Topography.
Rosemarkie, a Columban foundation, i. 320.
Rosnat, monastery of, ii. 48.
Ross, province of, i. 319;
bishopric of, ii. 377;
earldom of, iii. 70;
historic sketch of, 290, 364;
Mairi, countess of, 408.
Rosses of Balnagown, MS. history of, quoted, iii. 355.
Rosses, clan. _See_ Andres.
Ross-Foichen. _See_ Feochan.
Roth, battle of, i. ᚬv1 247-8ᚬ.
Roy’s (General) _Military Antiquities_, i. 22, 51.
Run, king of the Strathclyde Britons, a son-in-law of Kenneth mac
Alpin, i. 313, 325.
Runrig defined, iii. 380.
_Rustici_, class in the tribe so called, iii. 218, 219, 244.
Rutupiæ (Richborough), i. 100.
Ryan, loch, i. 72, 108, 292.
Rydderch Hael, king of Strathclyde, ii. 179.
Sabrina (Severn) river, i. 35.
Saddle, Cistercian monks established at, ii. 415;
Ragnall, son of Somerled, establishes a monastery of grey friars at,
iii. 400.
St. Abb’s Head, ii. 201.
St. Andrews, foundation of, i. 296;
legends relating to, ᚬv1 296-298ᚬ; ii. ᚬv2 261-275ᚬ;
church of, becomes the national church of the Picts, i. 299;
is the chief seat of the Scottish Church in the time of Constantin,
son of Aedh, and its bishops become known as bishops of Alban, ᚬv1
340ᚬ; ii. 324;
primacy transferred to, 323;
rights of the Keledei pass to the bishopric of, 372.
_See also_ Andrew, St.
St. Cyrus, i. 334.
_See_ Grig, Eglisgirg.
St. Fillans, parish of, ii. 33.
St. Kilda, native fort in, i. 185.
St. Michael’s Mount, i. 166.
St. Monans (Inverry), churches of, founded in honour of St. Moinenn,
bishop of Clonfert, ii. ᚬv2 314-16ᚬ.
Sanctuary, privilege of, claimed by monasteries, ii. 65.
_Saxon Chronicle_ quoted, iii. 58.
Saxon shore, the, i. 150, 151.
Saxonia, name given to the northern part of Northumbria, i. 346,
369, 372, 385.
Saxons, first appearance of the, i. 92;
join with the Picts, Scots, and Attacotts in ravaging the Roman
province, 99;
in Orkney, 101;
their settlement in Britain, as given by Gildas, 144, 145,
Procopius, 145,
Nennius, 146,
and Bede, ᚬv1 148-150ᚬ;
testimony of Prosper Aquitanus, 152;
the twelve battles of Arthur, ᚬv1 152-154ᚬ;
legends regarding the original home of those who settled in Britain,
ᚬv1 189-192ᚬ, 227.
Scapa, isle of, iii. 434.
Scarba, isle of, i. 69; iii. 438.
Scilly Islands. _See_ Cassiterides.
Scolocs, functions of, ii. 446; iii. 260.
Scone (Caislen or Castellum Credi), establishment of, as the Pictish
capital, i. 280; iii. 132;
battle at, i. 288;
Kenneth Mac Alpin, the first king who gave the kingdom of Scone to
the Gaidheal, 313 _seq_.;
priory of, founded, ii. 374;
thanage of, iii. 275, 276.
Scotch language. _See_ Languages.
Scoti, originally used to designate the inhabitants of Ireland, i. ᚬv1
137ᚬ _seq_.;
their first historical appearance in Britain (A.D. 360), 97;
iii. 124-5;
the districts occupied by them, i. ᚬv1 98-100ᚬ;
join with Picts, Saxons, and Attacotti in attacking the Roman
province, but are at last driven back, ᚬv1 100-110ᚬ, 139;
iii. 124-5;
establish a colony in Argyll (A.D. 498), i. ᚬv1 139-144ᚬ, 248;
[in iii. 125, _l_. 20, _for_ sixth _read_ fifth] (_see_ Dalriada,
Erc);
legendary history, 97 _seq_.;
notices of, by Nennius and Bede, i. 138,
and by the Roman writers, 139;
their language, 193;
notices of the Scots till the reign of Kenneth Mac Alpin, ᚬv1 291-2ᚬ,
316;
they rule as kings of the Picts, ᚬv1 322-334ᚬ,
and eventually became, as kings of Alban and of Scotia, kings of
the whole territory of Scotland, ᚬv1 335-433ᚬ.
_See_ Miledh, Picts.
Scotia:
the name not applied to any part of the present Scotland before the
tenth century, i. 1, 398;
applied first to Ireland (A.D. 580) by Isidore of Seville, ᚬv1 2-4ᚬ,
115;
by ‘Scottia’ Bede invariably means Ireland, v1;
Scotland then included in the term Britannia or Britain, 1;
the country north of the Forth and Clyde known to the Romans as
Caledonia, called also Alban and Albania, 1, 2;
as applied to Scotland, Scotia a name superinduced on the older one
of Alban, 3, 4;
boundaries of the district in Scotland to which the name Scotia was
applied from the tenth to the twelfth or thirteenth century, ᚬv1
2ᚬ, 3, 5, 6;
extension of the application of the term, 2, 3;
light thrown by the changes in its application on the changes in the
race and position of the inhabitants, ᚬv1 5-7ᚬ;
physical features of the country, ᚬv1 7-9ᚬ;
mountain chains and rivers, ᚬv1 9-14ᚬ;
the debateable lands, ᚬv1 14-16ᚬ;
five distinct periods in its early history, 16,
during three of which Scotland was purely Celtic, 17;
changes during the two last periods, 17;
critical examination of authorities on its early history, ᚬv1 18-22ᚬ;
questionable or spurious authorities, ᚬv1 22-26ᚬ;
plan of the present work, ᚬv1 26-28ᚬ.
Scotland:
campaigns of Agricola in, ᚬv1 43-60ᚬ (_see_ Agricola);
the Roman province, ᚬv1 62-111ᚬ (_see_ Romans);
early connection between Ireland and, iii. 125;
true commencement of Feudal Scotland under David I., i. 459;
consolidation of the provinces completed under Alexander III., iii.
1;
southern frontier of, 3;
northern boundary of, 7;
physical aspect of, 9;
old descriptions of, 11-14;
population of, at this time, 15, 135 _seq_.;
indigenous races of, and their possessions, 16;
colonising races, 17;
intruding races, 18;
influence of foreign races, 18;
foreign elements introduced, 20;
spread of Teutonic element and influence, 21-27;
Religious Houses in (A.D. 1272), ii. 509;
_communitas_, or estates of, in 1283, iii. 39;
population distinguished as Lowlanders and Highlanders, 40;
the seven provinces of, in the eighth century, 42;
in the tenth century, 44;
districts ruled by kings and afterwards by Mormaers, 49;
petty kings of Argyll and Galloway, 51;
sources of information as to the early social state of the
population, 136;
description of the Isles, with their pertinents and pendicles
(written 1577-95), 428-40.
Scots and Picts, character of the paganism of the, ii. ᚬv2 108-118ᚬ;
no affinity with the Druidism of Gaul, 118;
twofold division of the Scots in Ireland, paralleled in the
establishment of the Pictish kingdom at Scone, iii. 132.
Scottish Church. _See_ Church.
Scott, Sir Walter, on the Culloden Papers, iii. 327;
on the Highland Clans, 456.
Scribes, first appearance of, in the monasteries, ii. 423.
Sealbach, son of Fearchar Fada, i. ᚬv1 272-3ᚬ;
slays his brother Ainbhceallach, 284;
becomes a cleric, 285.
Secular clergy, influence of, in the monastic church, ii. ᚬv2 227-33ᚬ;
order of secular canons instituted, 241.
Segine, third abbot of Iona, i. 245;
two important events under his presidency, ii. 154 _seq_.
Seguise, battle of, between Garnaid and the family of Nechtan, i. ᚬv1
246-7ᚬ.
Seill, isle of, iii. 438.
Selden, John, antiquary, iii. 441, 442.
Selgovæ (Elgovæ), a Brigantian tribe, i. 44;
towns of, 72.
Senchus Mor, iii. 177 _seq_.
Sennachies, Irish, iii. 337.
Sept, the, in Wales, iii. 205;
territorial lords, 205;
law of succession, 205;
special parties liable for the crimes of its members, 206;
fosterage, 207.
Sepulchral remains in Britain: ethnological evidence furnished by, i.
ᚬv1 169-70ᚬ.
Serf, St., or Servanus, notice of, ii. 31;
anachronism in connecting him with St. Kentigern, 184, ᚬv2
255-258ᚬ;
he founds an establishment of Keledei, who are hermits, about A.D.
704, ᚬv2 258-9ᚬ.
Severus, L. Septimus,—circumstances in which he was proclaimed Emperor,
i. 79;
his campaign in Britain, 82 _seq_.;
wall of, ᚬv1 89-91ᚬ;
his death at York, 90.
Sgathaig (Dunscaich), Skye, site of a military school, iii. 128.
Shetland Islands, colonised by the Norwegians, i. 344; iii. 8, 29.
Sidlaw hills, i. 266, 382.
Sigurd made jarl of Orkney, i. 335;
his burial-place, 337;
his successors, 344.
Sigurd ‘the Stout,’ son of Hlodver, Norwegian earl of Orkney, i. ᚬv1
374ᚬ;
his possessions on the mainland, 375;
narrative of his war expeditions, ᚬv1 376-9ᚬ;
slain at Cluantarbh, in Ireland’s final conflict with the Danes, ᚬv1
386ᚬ, 388;
his sons, 401.
Silura, island of,—Cornwall so called by Strabo, i. 167.
Silures, a British tribe, i. 35, 167, 226.
Simal, son of Drust, i. ᚬv1 285-6ᚬ.
Simeon of Durham, i. 294;
account of the attack of the Northmen on the Northumbrian coast (A.D.
793-94), 303;
on the battle in A.D. 1006 between the men of Alban and Saxonia, ᚬv1
385ᚬ.
Sitriuc, son of Imhair, leader of a Danish invasion of Alban, i. ᚬv1
338ᚬ;
king of Deira, 351.
Siward, earl of Northumbria, i. 407;
invades Scotland, 408;
death of, 410, 418.
Skidamyre, in Caithness, battle at, i. 375.
Skene, Sir John, his _De Verborum Significatione_, iii. 240 _n_.;
on the privilege pertaining to the cross of the clan Macduff, 304.
Skuli, son of Thorfinn, earl of Orkney, i. ᚬv1 374-5ᚬ.
Skye (Scetis, Scith, Sgithidh), i. 69, 216, 259, ᚬv1
260ᚬ, 387, 390, 396;
sheriffdom of, and boundaries, iii. 88, 432.
Slait, isle of, iii. 432.
Slaughter, fines for, in the tribal system, iii. 151, 204, 217.
Sluaged, or ‘hosting,’ the burden of, iii. 151, 172, 188, 234.
Solway Firth: tribes on its northern shore subjugated by Agricola, i.
43.
_See_ Galloway.
Somerled, ‘Regulus’ of Arregaithel, invades Scotland with the sons of
Malcolm mac Eth, i. 469;
treats with Malcolm IV., 471;
drives the Norwegians out of the mainland, and conquers part of the
Isles, iii. 33-35;
again attacks Malcolm, but is defeated, and killed at Renfrew (A.D.
1164), i. 473; iii. 35;
his three sons and their possessions, 35, 39, 293, 400.
Sorley, clan, iii. 474.
Spey river, i. 336, ᚬv1 341-2ᚬ;
anciently the boundary between Scotia and Moravia, 13, 14;
battle on, 288.
Stamford bridge, battle of, i. 413.
Standard, battle of the, iii. 5.
Stanmore, i. 369.
Steelbow tenancy, iii. 243, 283, 370.
Stewart, John, of Appin, iii. 436.
Stilicho, a Roman general, repels on different occasions the Picts and
Scots, i. 105 _seq_.
Stone altars, i. 283, 370.
Stone coffins found at the Mire of Dunnichen, i. 266.
Strabo: notices of the British Isles and their inhabitants in his
_Geography_, i. ᚬv1 31-33ᚬ, ᚬv1 166-7ᚬ.
Stræcled Wealas, the Cumbri-Britons of Strathclyde, i. 326; iii.
197.
_See_ Alclyde.
Strageath, Roman camp at, i. 50.
Strath, battle of, iii. 123.
Strathardell, iii. 133-4;
thanage of, 276.
Strathaven, i. 295.
Strathcarron, i. ᚬv1 249-50ᚬ.
Stratherne, district of, i. 211.
_See_ Fortrenn, Menteith.
Strenaeshhalc (Whitby), council held at (A.D. 664), i. 259; ii.
165.
Struin (Strowan), thanage of, iii. 87, 270.
Stuart, Dr. John, ii. 310, 317, 448; iii. 58.
Stuart’s (R.) _Caledonia Romana_, i. 23.
Succession, law of, among the Picts, i. ᚬv1 232-4ᚬ, 315, 323.
Suibhne, fourth abbot of Iona, ii. 163.
Sudreys, iii. 29.
_See_ Western Islands.
Suetonius Paulinus, a Roman commander in Britain, i. 38.
Suevi, the. _See_ Vandals.
Sumarlidi = Summer Wanderers, defeat of their fleet in Buchan, i. ᚬv1
365ᚬ.
Sumarlidi, son of Sigurd the Stout, i. 388, 401.
Sutherlandshire, with Caithness, overrun by the Northmen, i. 326,
336, 345, 375; iii. 18.
Swein, king of Denmark, i. 420.
Sweno’s stone, account of, i. 337-8.
Tacitus as an historian, i. 27;
his works referred to, 39, ᚬv1 43-58ᚬ.
Taexali, promontory of (Kinnaird’s Head), i. 67, 74;
tribe of the, 74, 206.
Taliessin, Book of, quoted, iii. 100.
Talorcan, son of Ainfrit, and nephew of Osuiu of Northumbria, king of
the Picts, i. 257.
Talorcan (Talorg), son of Congus, defeated by Brude, son of Angus, i.
289;
drowned, 290.
Talore. _See_ Garnaid.
Talorgan, son of Drostan, king of Atholl, i. 281;
bound by Angus, 290.
Talorgan, son of Fergus, defeats the Dalriads at Carriber, i. 291;
slain at Mugdoch, 295.
Talorgan, son of Wthoil, joint king of the Picts with Drest, son of
Constantin, i. 306.
Talorgen, son of Angus, king of the Picts, i. 301.
Tamea, a town of the Vacomagi, i. 75.
Tamworth taken by storm, i. 361.
Tanistry, law of, i. 323.
Tannadyce, thanage of, iii. 262, 264.
Taran, son of Entefidich, king of the Picts, i. ᚬv1 269-70ᚬ.
Tarbet, in Easter Ross, St. Aidan patron saint of, i. 260.
Tarvedrum (the Orcas promontory—Dunnet Head), i. 68.
Tatooing, practice of, among the Caledonians, i. 83, 106, ᚬv1
128ᚬ.
Tava (Tavaus) estuary (Firth of Tay), i. 66, 216.
Tay (Toe) river, a formidable barrier to the Romans and Angles, i. ᚬv1
14ᚬ;
estuary of, reached by Agricola, probably by way of Stirling and
Perth, 45;
his fleet afterwards in the Firth, 49.
Taylor, Rev. Isaac, on _Words and Places_, i. 220 _seq_.
_Taymouth, Black Book of_, iii. 319 _seq_.
Tees, river, i. 236, 369, 420.
Teith, river, i. 261.
Tenures of land, old Celtic, gradually give way before feudal forms, iii. 236.
_See_ Land-tenure.
Termon lands, ii. 321; iii. 168-9.
Ternan, St., notice of, 29-32.
Teudubr, son of Bile, king of Alclyde, i. 295.
Teutones, the, i. ᚬv1 192-194ᚬ;
make settlements in Britain, 227; iii. 21.
Thanage, the, iii. 85-87;
definition of, 245;
status of thanes, 239;
thanages converted into baronies, 246;
historical sketch of the, 247-277;
they replace the Tuath, 281;
general extent, 282-3.
Thanet, isle of, Saxons in, i. 146, 150.
Theodosius the elder sent to Britain, his restoration of the province,
i. ᚬv1 99-103ᚬ, 141.
Theodosius the younger becomes Emperor, i. 104.
Thorfinn ‘the Skull-cleaver,’ son of Einar, Norwegian earl of
Orkney,—his wife Grelauga and their sons, i. ᚬv1 374-5ᚬ.
Thorfinn, son of Sigurd the Stout, by the daughter of Malcolm II., i.
386, 389;
war between him and his cousin Duncan, king of Scotia, 401
_seq_.; iii. 31, 52, 54.
_See_ Caithness, Ingibiorg.
Thorkell Fostri, leader of the Orkneymen in the war between Thorfinn
and Duncan, i. ᚬv1 401-2ᚬ.
_See_ Thorfinn, son of Sigurd.
Thorkell, Jarl, i. 420.
Thorstein the Red (Ostin), attacks the northern provinces of Scotland,
i. ᚬv1 326-7ᚬ, 336.
Thule, the name, i. 41;
Roman fleet in sight of the island, 57;
applied by Claudian to Caledonia, 101, 130.
Thurnam, Dr., i. ᚬv1 169-70ᚬ.
Tighernac, i. 26 _et passim_.
Tin mines of Britain, i. 29, 165 _seq_.
Tina, river (Eden), i. 66, 216.
Tiree (Tierhie), isle of, iii. 345, 437;
monasteries in, ii. ᚬv2 128-30ᚬ.
Toe (the Tay), battle on, between the men of Alban, i. 381.
Topography, evidence furnished by, as to the languages of the tribes,
i. ᚬv1 212-225ᚬ;
and as to the divisions of land, iii. 225.
Toragh (Tory Island, off coast of Donegal), plundered, i. ᚬv1 289-90ᚬ.
Torfnes, Norse name of Burghead, i. 336, 403.
Toshach or Toisech, a leader in the ancient Celtic Tuath, iii. 156
_seq_.;
the Toschachdor and Toschachdera, officers at a later period in the
Highlands and Islands, 278-281;
description of their offices, which were called Toschachdoracht and
Toschachderacht, 279, 300-302.
Toshiagh Jioarey (Manx), definition, iii. 279, 280.
Tostig, son of Earl Godwine, appointed earl of Northumbria by king
Edward, i. 410, 418;
his earldom ravaged by Malcolm Ceannmor, ᚬv1 413-4ᚬ.
Townships in the Highlands and Islands subsequent to the sixteenth
century, described, iii. 369;
mode of occupation, 370;
in the central Highlands, 370;
in the Islands, 371;
enlargement of, 373;
in Inner Hebrides, 347;
in Outer Hebrides, 378;
townlands, 379;
mode of division, 380.
_See_ Long Island.
Train, Joseph, iii. 279-80.
Transmarine Scotland, application of the term, iii. 42, 104.
Tribe, the, in Scotland, iii. 209;
early notices of, in Greek and Roman writers, 209-10;
the tribe among the Picts, 210;
in Dalriada, 212;
in Galloway, 214;
modified by external influences, 214;
transition of the mortuath into the earldom, and the tribe into the
thanage, 215;
distinction of the people into free and servile classes, 216;
fines exigible from freeman class, 217;
different ranks of bondmen, 220-3;
land measures, variously denominated, 223;
burdens on land, 228-234;
gradual assimilation to feudal forms, 236;
Crown lands held in feu-farm, 237;
ranks of society on crown-lands, 238.
_See_ Cain, Feacht, Sluaged, Waytinga.
Tribe, the, in Wales, iii. 197;
division of land, 198, 200;
indications of an earlier tribal system, 198;
land measurement, 200;
the _Alltudion_ analogous to the Irish _Fuidhir_, 200;
rights of the free members, 203;
burdens on land and its possessors, 203;
fines for slaughter or injuries, 204.
_See_ Sept.
Tribruit, river, i. 153.
Trimontium, a town of the Selgovæ, i. 72.
Trouternes, isle of, iii. 432.
Trumuin, bishop of the Picts who were subject to the Angles, i. ᚬv1
262ᚬ;
his flight from Abercorn, 133, 268; ii. 214.
Trusty’s Hill, in Galloway, remains of a vitrified wall on, i. 136.
Tuath or Tribe in Ireland, iii. 135;
definition of the term, 136;
influences affecting the tribe, 137;
effect of Christianity upon, 138;
land originally held in common, 139;
distinction of ranks, 139;
the _Ri_ or king, his authority and privileges, 140-2;
distinctions arising from possession of cattle, 142-44;
origin and growth of private property, and creation of territorial
chiefs, 144-5;
the ceile or tenants of a chief, 145-7;
condition of the territory, 147;
the dun or fort, 148;
the mortuath or great tribe, 149;
the cuicidh or province, 149;
law of tanistry, 150;
tie between superior and dependants, 150;
fines for injuries, 151;
honor price or fixed value, 152;
land measures, 153-157;
later state of the tribes, 157-70;
process of internal change, 300.
_See also_ Finé in Ireland.
Tuatha de Danaan, the, i. 173 _seq_., 226; iii. 105, 131.
Tuathal mac Artguso, abbot of Dunkeld and first bishop of Fortrenn,
head of the Columban Church, ii. 308.
Tuessis, river (Spey), i. 67;
a town of the Vacomagi, 74.
Tuirrin palace, Rescobie, iii. 123.
Tula Aman, burnt by Ecgfrid, i. 266.
Tunberct, bishop of the church of Hagustald, i. 262.
Turner’s _Anglo-Saxons_, i. 151.
Tuthald, bishop of Alban, ii. 344.
Tweed, river, i. 241.
Tyne, river, i. 332.
Tynemoor, in East Lothian, battle with the Danes at, ᚬv1 347-8ᚬ.
Tyninghame, monastery of, founded, ii. 223.
Tytler, Patrick Fraser, his _History of Scotland_, i. 19.
Uchtred, son of Waltheof, earl of Northumbria in 1006, inflicts a
disastrous defeat on the Scots under Malcolm, i. 385;
slain in 1016 by Cnut, 392;
his daughter Aldgetha and her son Earl Gospatrick, 394, ᚬv1
419ᚬ.
Uisneach, sons of, extent of their possessions, iii. 129.
Uist, island, iii. 387, 393, 430;
bestowed on the church (A.D. 1440), 408.
Ulloway, isle of, iii. 436.
Ulster (Uladh), a district in the north of Ireland inhabited by a
Pictish people, i. 131, 140.
_Ulster, Annals of_, i. 26 _et passim_.
Umphraville, Gilbert de, iii. 80.
Ungus, son of Uirguist. _See_ Angus, son of Fergus.
Urien (Urbgen = Cityborn), kingdom of (? Dumbarton), i. 153, ᚬv1
156ᚬ, 159.
Urr, moat of, Roman remains on, i. 72.
Uven, son of Unuist. _See_ Eoganan, son of Angus.
Uxellum, a town of the Selgovæ, i. 72.
Vacomagi, a tribe whose territory lay along the Highland Line, i. ᚬv1
74ᚬ, 75, 127, 206.
Valentia, a British province, i. 100;
different opinions as to its position, 102;
author’s opinion that Wales is meant, 103.
Vandals, the, with the Alani and Suevi, make irruptions into the Roman
empire, i, 107, 108.
Vandogara (Vanduara), a town of the Damnonii, i. 73.
Varar estuary (Firth of Beauly), i. 67, 75.
Vecturiones, a division of the Picts, i. 99, 129.
Vedra, river (the Wear), i. 64.
Venusio, town of the Brigantes, i. 37.
Venusius, a British leader, i. 37, 71.
Veranius, a Roman commander in Britain, i. 38.
Vernicomes, tribe of the, and its territory, i. 74, 206.
Veruvium (Noss Head), i. 67.
Vervedrum (Duncansbay Head), i. 67.
Vettius Bolanus, a Roman governor in Britain, i. ᚬv1 38-40ᚬ.
Victoria, a town in Fothreve, i. 74;
inhabitants of, enrolled by Severus among the Roman auxiliaries, ᚬv1
89ᚬ.
_See_ Fothreve.
Villages, fishing, established in the Highlands and Islands, in 1788,
iii. 376.
Vindogara (Ayr) Bay, i. 66, 73.
Virides, a term applied by Cæsar to the Britons, i. 32.
Visibsolian, battle at, i. 338.
Volsas Bay (Loch Broom), i. 69.
Vuirich, clan, iii. 364.
Wales, descent of the Scots (from Ireland) on (A.D. 360), i. 97
_seq_.
_See_ Tribe in Wales.
Wallingford, John, his narrative of the cession of Lothian to Kenneth,
spurious, i. ᚬv1 371-2ᚬ.
Walls, Roman, in Britain. _See_ Roman walls.
Wallsend, i. 61.
Waltheof, a Northumbrian earl, i. 385, 425.
Wardlaw hill, Roman remains on, i. 72.
Wardykes, Roman camp at, i. 87.
Waterford, the Danes in, i. 347.
Watling Street, a Roman road, i. 86.
Waytinga, a yearly tax, paid by thanes, iii. 232.
Wearmouth, i. 421.
Welsh _Historical Triads_, undoubtedly spurious, i. 23, 24,
172, 197;
codes of laws, iii. 197.
Wendune. _See_ Brunanburg.
Werid, British name of the Forth, iii. 45.
Wessex, kings of, their increasing power in the ninth century, i. ᚬv1
349ᚬ.
Western Isles (Sudreys) ravaged by Northmen, i. ᚬv1 304-5ᚬ, ᚬv1
311-12ᚬ;
colonised by the Norwegians, 345, 376;
attacked and for a time occupied by the Danes, ᚬv1 378-9ᚬ;
war between the kings of Norway and Scotland for the possession of
them (A.D. 1263), 492;
early churches founded in the, ii. 76;
the islands finally ceded to the Scottish kings, i. 495; iii. 9;
Norwegian kingdom of the, 28;
dynasty of Godred Crovan, 31;
Somerled drives the Norwegians from the mainland, and conquers part
of the Isles, 31-35;
summary of their history, ᚬv1 36-39ᚬ.
Whitby, church council at (A.D. 664), i. 259; ii. 165.
Whithorn (Whithern, Candida Casa), Roman remains at, i. 72;
church at, dedicated to St. Martin of Tours, built by St. Ninian, ᚬv1
130ᚬ, 132;
principal seat of the Picts of Galloway, 271;
Pecthelm, first bishop in, 275; ii. 222;
bishopric of, founded, 224;
comes to a close, 225.
Wid (Uid, Foith), i. 242.
Wight, Isle of, i. 166.
Wilfrid, St., bishop of York (A.D. 669-678), i. ᚬv1 258-260ᚬ, 275;
ii. 210;
dissension with Ecgfrid, i. 262;
founds the church of Hexham, in honour of St. Andrew, ii. 210;
temporarily bishop of Lindisfarne, 220;
expelled from his see of York, 220;
favoured by the Pope, 220;
illness in Gaul, 220;
returns to Britain, 221;
founds the churches of St. Mary and St. Michael, 221;
his death, 221.
William the Conqueror, his conquest of England, i. ᚬv1 417-23ᚬ;
penetrates into Scotland, and receives homage from Malcolm III. for
land held in England, 424, 429;
his son Robert sent by him to Scotland, but forced to retreat, ᚬv1
427ᚬ;
William’s death, 428.
William Fitz Duncan, i. 438.
William the Lion, crowned at Scone, A.D. 1165, reigns forty-eight
years, i. 474;
taken prisoner by the English, 474;
is liberated, 475;
arrests an insurrection in Galloway, 475;
subdues the district of Ross, 475;
defeats an insurrection headed by Donald Ban Mac William, ᚬv1
476-79ᚬ;
subdues Caithness, ᚬv1 479-482ᚬ;
suppresses an insurrection in Rossshire, 482;
his death, 483;
grants by, ii. 393 _seq_.;
text of the alleged letters-patent granted by him to the Earl of Mar,
iii. 446.
Winuaed, river (probably the Avon), where Penda was slain, i. ᚬv1
254-6ᚬ.
Wist (Uist), isle of, iii. 430.
Wrad, son of Bargoit, king of the Picts, i. 309.
Wrath, Cape, headland of, not mentioned by Ptolemy, i. 70.
Writing, art of, introduced, ii. 448.
Wyntoun, prior of Lochleven, quoted, ii. 312, 314, 316;
iii. 66, 78, 304, 308, _et al_.
Yarrock, Port (Beruvick), i. v1.
York, the capital of Deira, i. 237;
taken possession of by the Danes, 332.
Yvelchild. _See_ Eadulf.
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[Illustration: ANCIENT ORATORY IN THE ISLAND OF INCHCOLM]
CONTENTS.
1. Archæology. │6. Leprosy and Leper Hospitals.
2. Inchcolm. │7. Greek Medical Vases.
3. The Cat Stane. │8. Was the Roman Army provided
4. The Magical Charm-Stones. │ with Medical Officers
5. Pyramid of Gizeh. │9. Roman Medicine Stamps, etc.,
│ etc.
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SOCIAL LIFE
IN FORMER DAYS
CHIEFLY IN THE PROVINCE OF MORAY
=Illustrated by Letters and Family Papers=
BY E. DUNBAR DUNBAR
LATE CAPTAIN 21ST FUSILIERS
[Illustration: THUNDERTON HOUSE.]
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EDINBURGH: DAVID DOUGLAS
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EARLY TRAVELLERS
IN SCOTLAND
1295-1689
EDITED BY
P. HUME BROWN
AUTHOR OF ‘THE LIFE OF GEORGE BUCHANAN’
[Illustration]
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transcriber’s Note
39.21: The date 1315 referred to in “...when Edward the First placed the
whole of Scotland under four justiciaries in 1315.” was hand-corrected
in our source text, and is obviously incorrect. Edward I died in 1307.
In 1305, Edward I re-organized the administration of Scotland under
English rule, promulgating the order in September, 1305 (_Edward I in
Scotland: 1296-1305_, Fiona Jane Watson, 1999, University of Glasgow,
Ph.D. Thesis..)
298.8: The chronology given regarding the Earl of Ross, on p. 298 (“He
appears, however, to have entered into a league with the earls of
Douglas and Crawford, in 1455, for the dethronement of that monarch, but
died in 1449...”) is suspect. The year 1445, most likely, would have
been intended. Douglas and Crawford were indeed opposed to James II at
that time.
Names frequently appear with some variation of spelling, and given the
fluidity of vowels in Gaelic, Anglic, and Latin, these have usually been
retained.
Errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and
are noted here. The references in the table below are to the page and
line in the original.
There are a number of instances of quotations being unopened, unclosed
or otherwise mispunctuated. Closure is sometimes not obvious, and where
possible the original sources were consulted. Skene often begins with
quotation and continues in paraphrase without clearly marking such.
Where it is not clear, these have been corrected and noted as
‘Probable.’
x.17 E[a]rldoms of Ross and Carrick, Inserted.
14.28 in sea, river, and lake.[’] Added.
64.30 his co[m/n]firmation of the grants Replaced.
65.1 monastery of Du[m/n]fermline Replaced.
91.20 fa[s/n]tastic creations of the popular mind Replaced.
101.2 above the mead vessels[”] Removed.
101.22 adorned with the purple;[’] Added.
116.24 dashed out his brains.[’] Added.
117.14 people of the Levenach or Lennox.[’] Probable.
127.15 and two of his succes[s]ors Inserted.
150.34 _Battle of Maghra[l/t]h_ Replaced.
158.19 [(]the town of the Chlinnes) Added.
161.13 and O’Docomhlan over [Rinnna] h-Eignide _sic_
165.24 the _Tuogh_ of Braden [Iland] _sic_
168.15 Tirkennedy, Knockrinie[./,] and Lough Lurgh. Replaced.
182.8 whole number of seventeen was comp[ /l]eted Restored.
194.24 He is said to have had [‘]twenty-four sons Probable.
205.31 there is no propriate share of land;[’] Added.
228.5 free of [‘]_Can_ et _Cuneveth_ Added.
235.20 of our lord the king;[’] Added.
243.24 grants to the monks of Arbroath [‘]two bovates Probable.
of land
246.11 their respective partisans which Transposed.
accompa[in/ni]ed it
253.17 while in [1]358 one-half of the thanage Almost
certainly.
301.14 to Neill mac[ ]Neill Inserted.
309.25 The second group of the Mowats and Cowt[t]s Removed.
366.11 to the late John Lachlan Mac[g]illivray Inserted.
378.7 upon this farm the[ir/re] were besides Replaced.
398.35 Giolla Og[h]amhnan was begotten of Solomh Inserted.
450.36 [‘]Caterina Comitissa Orcadiae et Cathanesiae Added.
’
482.5 Niall more[o]ver had two sons Inserted.
494.3 Manuis oig[./ ]mic Period
removed.
512.21 Fothad, second bishop of [Alban, ii. ]Alban, Removed.
ii.
517.46 heads an insurrection[rection] Removed.
523.21 and in [a]nother five years Added.
528.3 give way before fe[n/u]dal forms Inverted.