Leadbetter, General, makes reconnoissance at Knoxville, 501;

favors attack of Fort Sanders, 502;

adds postscript to General Longstreet's letter urging determined

assault of Fort Sanders, 505.

Lee, General Fitzhugh, left in command of cavalry by Stuart, 160;

failure to comply with instructions, 160;

consequences of that failure, 196;

attacked by Pleasonton at South Mountain, 229;

on General R. E. Lee at Gettysburg, 401;

on Longstreet, 405;

charges that Longstreet lost his way in Wilderness, 568, 569;

recalled to join Longstreet at Richmond, 591;

at Five Forks, 597, 598;

in retreat from Petersburg, 610.

Lee, General G. W. C., on Longstreet at Wilderness, 569;

at Five Forks, 596;

at Rice's Station, 613, 614.

Lee, General Robert E., assigned to command at Seven Pines, 109;

impression of, in the army, 112, 113;

established in confidence, 114;

plans simultaneous attack on front and rear of McClellan, 115;

adopts suggestion of Longstreet making change in plans against

McClellan, 120;

orders Longstreet's reserve into action at Gaines's Mill, 127;

at Frayser's Farm with President Davis, 134;

abandons his original plan at Malvern Hill, 144;

campaign of, against McClellan reviewed, 147 _et seq._;

momentary facetiousness, 149;

letter of, to General Magruder, 150;

original plan for pursuit of McClellan, 152;

enjoys increased esteem of his army, 158;

plans of, for striking Pope, 159;

witnesses retreat of Pope, 162;

on field of Manassas, 181, 182;

decides to cross Bull Run and reach Pope's rear, 186;

joins Longstreet on field and rides under fire, 189;

injury to, in stampede, 192;

letters of, to General Pope on killing of Kearny, 194;

decides to enter Maryland, 200;

orders of, for Maryland campaign, 203;

address of, to people of Maryland, 280;

letter of, to Jefferson Davis, suggesting peace proposition, 204;

celebrated "lost order" of, 203, 212, 213;

receives information of Federal advance at South Mountain, 219;

prefers stand at Turner's Pass, 220;

orders withdrawal of troops from South Mountain, 228;

with Longstreet and Hill on field at Sharpsburg, 254;

orders flank move by Jackson, 257;

sends for brigades left at Harper's Ferry, 261;

calls Longstreet his old war-horse, 262;

in contempt of Federal army disperses forces, 284;

description of, 285;

reorganizes army of Northern Virginia, 290;

on retirement of McClellan, 291;

advice of, to citizens of Fredericksburg, 299;

orders of, at opening of battle, 308;

narrowly escapes death or injury from a shell, 312;

goes to Richmond, 317;

orders Longstreet to return from Suffolk, 326;

grief of, over loss of Stonewall Jackson, 328;

his conduct of battle of Chancellorsville, 329;

falls on plan of Northern invasion, 331;

plans of, for Gettysburg, 335, 336;

caution of, in revealing plans to Richmond authorities, 336, 337;

orders of, to cavalry chief, 341;

issues orders for march of army to Harrisburg, 344;

refuses to credit information of Scout Harrison, 347;

changes direction of march, 348;

order for concentration at Cashtown, 348, 351;

mind disturbed by absence of cavalry, 351;

calls Longstreet to ride with him towards Gettysburg, 351;

expresses regret at absence of cavalry, 357;

on field of Gettysburg at close of first day, 357;

had not intended delivering general battle, 358;

gives discretionary order for Second Corps to attack Cemetery Hill,

359;

official report of, on first day's battle, 359 (note);

settles on making the opening (second day) by his right, 365;

alleged order of, to Longstreet for battle at sunrise, 377 _et seq._;

excitement of, 384;

on battle of Gettysburg, third day, 385;

plans of, 386;

claimed attack was not made early enough, 388;

on the field with the right, 395;

official report of, on Longstreet's battle on the right, 397;

acknowledges fault at Gettysburg, 399, 400;

comments upon, 400, 401;

on field and responsible for Gettysburg, 402, 405;

review of campaigns of, 406;

review of orders of, for Gettysburg, 407 _et seq._;

"harder to move than his lieutenant," 409;

in the retreat from Gettysburg, 429, 430;

desires retirement, 432;

Longstreet mentions westward movement to, 434;

goes to Richmond, 434;

letter from, to Longstreet, 435;

letter to, from Longstreet, 435;

parting with Longstreet, 437;

letter from, to Longstreet, 469, 470 (note);

favors sending Pickett's division to Longstreet, 539;

Longstreet's suggestion to, of plans for continuance of war, 544;

goes to Richmond to confer with authorities, 544;

suppressed excitement of, in council with Richmond authorities, 546;

becomes impatient in Longstreet-Law affair, 549;

compared with General Grant, 554;

gives orders against general engagement, 558;

endeavors to lead a brigade in charge, 560;

assumes command on field after Longstreet is wounded, 565;

delays advance, 565, 567;

alleged saying of, concerning Longstreet, 569;

hard labors of, 573;

becomes anxious about line on north side of the James, 579;

hears from Longstreet proposition of General Ord for peace meeting,

584;

letters of, to General Grant on military peace convention, 585, 586;

reply to, from General Grant, 587;

consents to sortie against Fort Steadman, 592;

strength of, for defence of Richmond, 593, 594;

endeavors to anticipate Grant's move around his right, 596;

at Petersburg, 604, 605;

gives orders for retreat, 608;

at Jetersville, 610;

realizes fulness of disaster at Rice's Station and Sailor's Creek,

614, 615;

at Farmville, 616;

urged by officers to negotiate for surrender, 618;

letter to, from General Grant, asking surrender, 619;

replies to, asking terms, 619;

letter to, from General Grant, stating terms of surrender, 621;

writes General Grant, proposing meeting, 622;

gives orders for advance to Appomattox Court-House, 623;

still hopes to break through the Federal cordon, 624;

confers with Longstreet and Mahone, 624, 625;

rides to meet General Grant, 625, 626, 628;

sympathy for, of troops, 629;

letter of, to General R. H. Anderson, 639;

letter of, to General Longstreet, congratulating him on convalescence,

639;

letter to, from Longstreet, 640;

letter to, from Longstreet, on impressment of gold, 641;

letter from, to Longstreet, 642;

letter to, from Longstreet, on impressment of men, 644;

letter from, to Longstreet, 645;

letter to, from Longstreet, on impressment of gold, 646;

letter to, from Longstreet, on interview with General Ord, 647;

letter to, from Longstreet, on exchange of prisoners, 648;

letter of, to Longstreet, on interview with General Grant, 649;

letter to, from Longstreet, on use of gold, 649;

letter to, from Longstreet, on guarding Danville Railroad, 650;

letter to, from Longstreet, on Sheridan's operations, 652;

letter of, to Longstreet, on proposed history, 654;

letter of, to Longstreet, suggesting preparation of memoirs, 656;

letter to, from Longstreet, on battle of Gaines's Mill, 656;

letter of, to Longstreet, on prospects, etc., 657.

Lee, Lieutenant-Colonel S. D., at Sharpsburg, 243.

Lee, General W. H. F., at Five Forks, 596, 597, 598;

in engagement at Jetersville, 610.

Leesburg, Confederate army at, on the way to Maryland, 201.

Lenoir's Station, Federal retreat at, 491.

Letters. _See_ Lee, Longstreet, Grant, etc.

Lewinsville, J. E. B. Stuart disperses Federals at, 60.

Liddell, General, at Chickamauga, 441, 446.

Lincoln, President, telegrams from, on Lee in Maryland, 209;

letter to, from McClellan, on prospect in Maryland, 214;

issues emancipation proclamation, 288, 289;

General Burnside submits plans to, 292;

humorous advice of, to Hooker, 329;

position in Hampton Roads conference, 583;

desire attributed to, for devising means for payment of slaves, 585.

Long, General A. L., letter of, to General Longstreet, on order for

"battle at sunrise" (Gettysburg), 380 (note);

gives account of appeal of Lee's officers for surrender, 618;

on interview of Generals Lee and Pendleton about surrender, 620.

Longstreet, Lieutenant-General James, birth of, 13;

appointed to West Point, 15;

assigned to duty as brevet lieutenant at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri,

16;

goes to Louisiana, 18;

to Florida, 18;

assigned lieutenant, 18;

goes to Corpus Christi, 19;

at Palo Alto, 25;

at Resaca de la Palma, 27, 28;

at outbreak of civil war, 29;

leaves Albuquerque, 30;

arrives at Richmond, 32;

appointed brigadier-general, 33;

reports to Beauregard at Manassas Junction, 33;

stays retreat at Blackburn's Ford, 39;

advance of, at Manassas, 44;

orders batteries to fire on Federal retreat, 52;

criticism of, on McDowell, 54;

on Tyler's reconnoissance, 55;

on Beauregard, 56;

invited to dine with the enemy, 60;

promoted major-general, 61;

marches to Culpeper Court-House, 65;

meets President Davis and General Lee in war council at Richmond, 66;

on McClellan, 66;

at Williamsburg, 72, 74;

opposes attack on Hancock's redoubts, 77;

estimates forces engaged at Williamsburg, 79;

Johnston's testimonial to, 80;

in command of right wing from James River to White Oak Swamp, 81;

to strike against Federal right at Seven Pines, 85;

in council with Johnston, 86;

ordered to Williamsburg road, 86;

tactical handling there left to him, 88;

complaint against, by General Smith, 90;

endeavors to harmonize with Huger, 92;

his battle on the Williamsburg road, 96;

plans for resuming battle of Seven Pines at daylight, 103;

asks for reinforcements and a diversion, 108;

makes appeal for ten thousand men to renew fight at Seven Pines, 109;

meets General Lee, 112;

suggests to Lee movement against McClellan's right flank, 114;

letter to, from D. H. Hill, 115, 116;

suggestion of, for method of attack on McClellan adopted by Lee, 120;

in conference with Lee and others, 121;

at Mechanicsville, 124;

puts his reserve into action at Gaines's Mill, 127 _et seq._;

encounters main force of McClellan at Frayser's Farm, 133;

on the field with President Davis and General Lee, 134;

at Malvern Hill, 142, 145;

review by, of campaign, 147;

ordered to Gordonsville with ten brigades, 158;

proposes move against Pope's right, 159;

rides with Lee to Clarke's Mountain, 161;

orders arrest of Toombs, 161,

and release of, 166;

reaches Thoroughfare Gap, _en route_ for Manassas, 173;

arrival on field of Manassas, 180;

makes reconnoissance and reports against attack, 182;

right flank of, ordered attacked by Porter, 184;

orders batteries to attack Porter, for Jackson's relief, 187;

arrives on field of Chantilly, 194;

objects to movement against Harper's Ferry, 201, 202;

orders to, for Maryland campaign, 203;

march of, 206;

expresses to General Lee preference for concentration at Antietam

rather than at Turner's Pass, 219;

at South Mountain, 222;

estimate of troops of, at South Mountain, 226;

position of, in the line, preparatory to battle of Sharpsburg, 234;

advance against his left by Hooker, 236;

troops of, enter fight, 242;

sustains strong attack of General Richardson, 249;

ride of, with General Lee and D. H. Hill on field of Sharpsburg, 254;

orders McLaws and Walker to prepare to assault, 256;

called by General Lee his "old war-horse," 262;

criticism of, on Maryland campaign, 279 _et seq._;

commissioned lieutenant-general, 290;

marches to Culpeper Court-House, 291;

marches for Fredericksburg, 293;

on the heights, 293;

position of troops of, at Fredericksburg, 305;

views his lines preparatory to battle, 306;

differs with General Jackson as to the enemy's purpose, 323;

covers route to Richmond, 323;

ordered to south side of James River, 324;

employs one Harrison as scout, 324;

ordered to rejoin Lee, 326;

criticism of, on battle of Chancellorsville, 329, 330;

proposes measures to General Lee for relief of Vicksburg, 331;

urges that campaign in Pennsylvania should be one of defensive

tactics, 331;

sends Scout Harrison out with secret orders, 333;

takes up march for Gettysburg, 337;

directions to Stuart for movement of cavalry, 342;

orders treated with contumely, 343;

entertains Colonel Fremantle, 343;

Harrison, the scout, reports to, 346;

suggests, on information received, change of march eastward, 347;

rides with General Lee towards Gettysburg, 351;

proposes to General Lee move around the Federal left, 358;

orders columns of First Corps hurried forward for battle, 359;

advances with command, 366;

rides with Wofford's brigade into fight at Little Round Top, 372;

losses of (on second day), 373, 376, 377;

alleged order to, for "battle at sunrise," 377 _et seq._;

letter to, from Colonel Taylor, 379;

letter to, from Colonel Venable, 379;

letter to, from General Long, 380;

letter to, from Charles Marshall, 380;

letter to, from Colonel Fairfax, 380, 381;

letter to, from J. S. D. Cullen, 383, 384;

losses of, on third day, 385 _et seq._;

sends scouts to find way for striking the enemy's left, 385;

interview with General Lee, 386;

did not believe in attack as made, 388;

carefully prepares for making assault, 389, 390;

not advised of failure of Confederate left, 392;

rides to batteries, 395;

testimony to claims of, at Gettysburg, 400;

Fitzhugh Lee upon, 403;

Franco-German war affords parallel for suggestion of, for move around

Federal left, 404;

refutation of the statement that he was "hard to move," 405 _et seq._;

_resume_ of action of, at Gettysburg, 407 _et seq._;

in the retreat from Gettysburg, 429, 430;

urges on Secretary of War Seddon a westward movement, 433, 434;

mentions the matter to General Lee, 434;

letter to, from General Lee, 435;

letter from, to General Lee, 435;

transportation ordered for movement of, to Tennessee, 436;

route of, on westward movement, 436, 437;

parting with Lee, 437;

reaches General Bragg's head-quarters, 438;

placed in command of General Bragg's left wing, 439;

orders to division commanders of, from General Bragg, 447;

orders Hood's division to assault, 447;

rides with General Buckner and comes under fire of the enemy, 450;

lunches on the field, 451;

reports to General Bragg on battle of Chickamauga, and urges pursuit

of enemy, 461;

gives opinion to President Davis against Bragg, 465;

declines assignment to command of Army of Tennessee, 466;

offers resignation to President, who declines it, 467;

urges appointment of General Micah Jenkins to command of Hood's

division, 467;

suggests change of base to Rome, Georgia, 468;

letter to, from General Lee, 469, 470 (note);

calls a signal force from Virginia to Tennessee, 471;

defends position, 472, 473;

arranges night attack on Hooker's rear-guard, 475, 476;

reviews effects and possibilities of Western move, 478, 479;

ordered on campaign in East Tennessee, 480, 481;

organization of command of, 482;

letter of, to General Buckner on East Tennessee campaign, 484, 485;

troops of, on short rations, 486;

orders of, to General Wheeler, 487;

command of, in engagement on Little Tennessee, 490;

orders McLaws to assault fort at Knoxville, 500;

reinforced by General Bushrod R. Johnson, 501;

ordered by Bragg to attack Knoxville, 501;

orders of, to McLaws for assault of Fort Sanders, 502;

letter to, from McLaws, urging delay in attack on Fort Sanders, 504;

answer of, thereto, 504;

recalls troops and gives reasons for, 505-507;

ordered by Bragg to co-operate with his army after defeat at

Chattanooga, 507;

finds conformance to order impracticable, 509;

marches up the Holston Valley, 511;

presence of, in East Tennessee causes concern to Lincoln, 515,

and to Grant, 516;

orders relief of General McLaws, 518;

makes honorable mention of officers, 520;

renews effort to be relieved from service, 524;

marches to Dandridge, 526;

enters Dandridge and drinks to General Gordon Granger, 529;

General Grant gives orders that he be driven from Tennessee, 531;

Foster ordered to offensive against, 532;

despatches concerning, from General Grant to Generals Halleck, Thomas,

and Schofield, 535-537;

orders concentration of forces, 538;

asks for ten thousand additional troops, 539;

purpose of, in latter part of campaign, 539;

on campaign in the far South, 540;

withdrawal of command eastward made necessary, 540;

asked by Richmond authorities for suggestions, 543;

ideas of, on prosecution of the war, 544;

goes to Virginia and submits plans to General Lee, 544;

criticism of, on Bragg before Richmond authorities, 546;

visits wife at Petersburg, 546;

returns to Tennessee, 547;

rejoins General Lee on the Rapidan, 547;

receives vote of thanks in Congress, 550;

in command of First Corps on the Rapidan (1864), 553;

takes short route of march to field of battle (Wilderness), 556, 557,

559;

troops of, form under fire, 560;

repulses Hancock, 561;

makes flanking movement on Hancock's left, 562;

rides with flanking party, 563;

severely wounded, 564;

borne to the rear, 566;

Northern historian and General Hancock on advance of, 568;

Fitzhugh Lee upon, 568;

letter to, from Colonel Taylor on controversy as to guide at

Wilderness, 569;

letter to, from General Alexander on same subject, 570, 571;

letter to, from Colonel Venable on same, 571;

absent on leave, 572;

again at front, and meets General Lee, 573;

letter of, to Colonel Taylor, 574;

assigned to command on north side of James River, 574;

orders roads broken with ploughs, 580;

puts stop to picket-firing, 581;

meets General E. O. C. Ord and hears proposition for peace convention,

583, 584;

disclaims authority to speak on, 584;

communicates proposition for meeting, to General Lee, 584;

advocates impressment of gold and men, 588;

starts in pursuit of Sheridan, 592;

visits General Lee at Petersburg, 604;

receives A. P. Hill's corps as part of his command, 608;

on retreat from Richmond, 609;

marches for Farmville, pressed by the enemy, 610;

saves High Bridge, 612;

crosses Appomattox at Farmville, 615;

not among those of Lee's officers who urged surrender, 618;

says "not yet" in regard to surrender, 619;

refuses to bear to General Lee report of officers favoring surrender,

620;

calls for interview with General Lee, 624;

endeavors to recall General Lee from ride to General Grant, 626;

forms last line of battle, 626;

refuses to surrender to General Custer, 627;

meets General Grant, 630;

formally surrenders command, 630, 631;

visits Washington, 632;

calls on General Grant, 633;

receives letter to President Johnson, 633;

interview of, with the President, 634;

is relieved from political disabilities, 634;

engages in business in New Orleans, 634, 635;

favors holding States under the President's reconstruction policy, 635;

letter of, on the subject to J. M. G. Parker, Esq., 636, 637;

attacked by New Orleans press, 637;

appointed surveyor of customs, 638;

tribute of, to his old nurse, 638;

letter to, from General Lee, congratulating on convalescence, 639;

letter from, to General Lee, 640;

letter of, to General Lee, on impressment of gold, 641;

letter to, from General Lee, on policy of campaign, 642;

letter of, to General Lee, on impressment of men, 644;

letter to, from General Lee, 645;

letter of, to General Lee, on impressment of gold, 646;

letter of, to General Lee, on "peace" interview with General Ord, 647;

letter of, to General Lee, on exchange of political prisoners, 648;

letter to, from General Lee, on interview with General Grant, 649;

letter of, to General Lee, urging use of gold, 649;

letter of, to General Lee, on guarding Danville Railroad, 650;

letter of, to A. A. General Taylor, on suppression of desertion, 651;

letter of, to General Lee, on Sheridan's operations, 652;

letter of, to General Taylor, on policy towards new organizations, 653;

letter to, from General Lee, on proposed history, 654;

letter of congratulation from General Lee, 655;

letter to, from General Lee, suggesting preparation of memoirs, 655;

letter of, to General Lee, on battle of Gaines's Mill, 656;

letter to, from General Lee, on prospects, etc., 657.

Longstreet, Mrs. James, proposed meeting with Mrs. Grant to bring about

peace, 584;

in church at Richmond, hears news of defeat at Petersburg, 607.

Longstreet, Owen & Co., letter to, from General Lee, 655.

Longstreet, Richard, settles in America, 13.

Longstreet, Robert Lee (son of General Longstreet), birth of, 546.

Longstreet, William, applies steam to navigation, 1787, 14;

letter to Governor Telfair, 14.

Lookout Mountain, Confederates upon, 463;

attack near, on Hooker's rear-guard, 476, 477.

Lost orders, Lee's to Stuart, captured by Pope, 160, 196;

Lee's "General Order No. 191," in Maryland campaign, 203, 212, 282,

283.

Loudon, Fort. _See_ Sanders, Fort.

Lubbock, Colonel, 48.

Lyle, Captain, in affair on Williamsburg road, 578.

M.

McCall, General John A., joins Army of Potomac, 122;

at Mechanicsville, 124;

at Gaines's Mill, 126;

report of, on Frayser's Farm, 136;

captured at close of battle (Frayser's Farm), 138;

his tenacity of battle, 139.

McClellan, General George B., 61;

called "the young Napoleon," 63;

delay in marching against Johnston at Centreville, 64;

concentrates army on the James River, 65;

President Davis's high opinion of, 66;

not on field of Williamsburg until late in the day, 80;

at White House, 82;

organizes two provisional army corps, 82;

orders troops withdrawn from Mechanicsville, 125;

orders change of base to James River, 132;

main force of, encounters Longstreet at Frayser's Farm, 133;

masterly retreat of, 132-140, 151;

strength of his position at Malvern Hill, 141;

shows himself well equipped in science of war, 151;

on a gunboat on the James, 151;

reaches Alexandria, 171;

marches in slow pursuit of Lee in Maryland, 208;

report of, on march, 209;

receives Lee's "lost order," 213;

writes President Lincoln of prospects in Maryland, 214;

writes General Halleck on same, 214-216;

"makes haste slowly" after receiving the "lost order," 216;

orders for advance of commands, 217;

prisoners claimed by, at South Mountain, 225;

army of, in position at Antietam, 234;

on field with Hooker, 237;

disapproves of attack by Franklin, 257;

orders Burnside to take bridge over Antietam, 258;

neither plan nor execution of, strong at Antietam, 267;

letter to, from Governor Curtin, 282;

slow march of, after Lee in Maryland, 282;

his position at opening of Maryland campaign, 284, 285;

opinion of, against holding Harper's Ferry, 286;

description of, 285;

compared and contrasted with Lee, 285;

crosses the Potomac, south of the Blue Ridge, 290;

relieved from command, 291.

McCook, General A. McD., at Chickamauga, 442;

goes before court of inquiry, 465.

McCook, Colonel D., at Chickamauga, 442.

McDowell, General Irvin, at West Point, 16;

in the field, 35;

at Centreville, 37;

plan for battle at Manassas, 43;

pushes battle by artillery arm, 49;

gallant effort of, to recover lost power, 50;

criticism of, 54, 56;

in command of Third Corps, Army of Virginia, 153;

march of, to Manassas intercepted by Jackson, 176, 177;

at Manassas, 190.

McElroy, Colonel, death of, 520.

McLaws, Major-General L., at Williamsburg, 70;

at Seven Pines, 107, 108;

march of, in Maryland campaign, 207, 208;

orders from, at Crampton's Pass, 230;

at Maryland Heights, 231;

arrives at Sharpsburg, 244;

brigades of, enter battle, 245, 247;

losses of Lee's army in, 266;

at Fredericksburg, 307 _et seq._;

at Gettysburg, 370, 393, 396, 397;

in retreat from Gettysburg, 431;

brigades of, start with Longstreet's command for Tennessee, 437;

two brigades of, arrive at Chickamauga, 439;

but commander and other brigades too late, 440;

finally joins Longstreet, 462;

posts army in semicircle near Chattanooga, 463;

engages in attack on Hooker's rear-guard, 476, 477;

in engagement on Little Tennessee, 490;

reaches Knoxville, 495;

advance of, 497;

ordered to assault of fort, 500;

again ordered to assault, 502;

orders of, to command for assault, 503;

letter of, to General Longstreet, urging delay of assault, 504;

letter to, from General Longstreet, 504;

makes assault, 505, 506;

relief of, ordered by General Longstreet, 518;

inquires cause therefor, 518;

is restored to duty, 548.

Magruder, Fort, at Williamsburg, 68;

attack on, 73.

Magruder, General J. B., 66;

reinforced by Huger and Early, 67;

builds fortifications at Williamsburg, 68;

engages with Sumner at Allen's Farm and Savage Station, 132.

Mahone, General William, in battle of Wilderness, 562;

arrests advance of Hancock before Richmond, 576;

at Petersburg, 606;

describes General Lee's reception of disaster in retreat to

Appomattox, 614, 615;

fires High Bridge, 615;

at Cumberland Church, 615;

at Farmville, 617;

in conference with General Lee at Appomattox, 625.

Malvern Hill, battle of, 141;

positions of troops on field of, 141, 142;

Confederates make poor use of artillery, 143;

General Lee abandons his original plan, 144;

battle begun by advance of the Confederate right, 144;

Confederates repulsed, 144;

Federals march to Harrison's Landing, 145;

Jackson ordered to follow retreat, 146;

casualties, 151.

Manassas (or Bull Run), first battle of, field chosen by Beauregard, 33;

description of, 34;

Beauregard's plan of battle, 36;

McDowell's arrival, 35, 37;

opening of battle, 38, 46;

forces available, 41;

McDowell's advance driven back, 46;

Terry's and Lubbock's reconnoissance, 45, 48;

fight assumes large proportions, 48;

Jackson christened "Stonewall," 49;

Beauregard in command on left, 49;

Kirby Smith's forces arrive, 50;

McDowell makes effort to recover lost power, 50;

flight of Federals, 51;

Longstreet's order to fire on retreat countermanded by General

Bonham, 52;

pursuit revoked, 53;

losses, 53;

criticism of McDowell, 54, 56;

Tyler's reconnoissance, 55;

Confederate battle-flag, 56;

organization of forces, 57, 58.

Manassas (or Bull Run), second battle of, making ready for, 163 _et

seq._;

strength of confronting armies, 169;

advance of Pope to, 170;

Jackson first on the field, 171;

Pope reaches the Junction, 172;

first passage of arms on field, 172;

Longstreet at Thoroughfare Gap, 173, 174;

engagement at, 175, 176;

Jackson attacks King's division at Groveton, 175, 176;

Pope's orders to Porter, 178, 179;

battle opened by Federals against Jackson's right, 180;

positions of troops, 181;

Kearny opens against Jackson's left, 182;

Longstreet reports against attack, 182;

Lee returns to first plan of battle, 183;

Confederate advance anticipated by Federals, 184;

Pope on his orders to Porter, 185;

Pope mistakenly thinks Confederates retreating, 185, 186;

Porter ordered against Jackson's front, 186;

Longstreet orders batteries against Porter, 187;

charge of Longstreet's troops, 187;

Lee rides under fire, 189;

action of United States regulars, 190;

Federals retreat, 190;

Jackson and Stuart ordered in pursuit, 191;

forces engaged, and losses, 195;

retreat covered by Sumner, 196;

review of campaign, 196, 197.

Manassas Junction, Longstreet reports at, to Beauregard, 33;

raid on, by Stuart and Trimble, 167;

engagement at, 169.

Manning, Colonel P. T., wounded while lunching with Longstreet on field

of Chickamauga, 451.

Mansfield, Major-General Joseph K. F., crosses the Antietam preparatory

to battle, 237;

mortally wounded at Antietam, 242.

Marshall, Colonel, letter of, to General Longstreet, on alleged order by

General Lee for battle "at sunrise," 380 (note).

Martin, Major-General, 441;

supersedes Wheeler in command of Confederate cavalry at Knoxville, 500;

operations against Sturgis's cavalry, 522;

in affair at Dandridge, 526, 527;

in affair near Dandridge, 532;

President Davis orders cavalry of, sent to Johnston, 539;

leaves Longstreet for Georgia, 542.

Marye, Captain, at Manassas, 40.

Maryland campaign, the, 199 _et seq._

(_see_ Harper's Ferry, Sharpsburg, etc.);

review of, 279 _et seq._

Mason, George T., killed on the Rio Grande, 23.

Matamoras, Taylor's army at, 22.

May, Charles, heroism of, at Resaca de la Palma, 28.

Meade, General George G., at South Mountain, 223-225;

at Antietam, 241;

handsome advance of, at Fredericksburg, 308, 309;

succeeds Hooker in command of the Army of the Potomac, 348;

wires General Halleck of plans, 349;

suggestion to, by General Halleck that Lee may turn his left, 360;

position of, on second day at Gettysburg, 363;

recognizes and fears move by Confederate right, 368;

holds council on night of second day, 376;

not apprehensive of Lee's left, 389;

attempts to bring his left against Longstreet's battle, 396;

on suggestion of Longstreet to work towards his line of

communications, 404;

concentrates army at Warrenton, 432;

before the battle of the Wilderness, 552;

orders his troops into action, 559;

at Petersburg, 608;

follows retreat, 610, 611.

Mechanicsville, battle of, attack by A. P. Hill, 123, 124;

losses of first day, 124;

McClellan orders withdrawal, 125.

Memoirs of General Longstreet, suggested by General Lee, 655.

Merritt, General Wesley, Sheridan's chief of cavalry, 590, 598.

Mexican war, beginning of, 18;

precipitated by movement to the Rio Grande, 21, 22;

first hostilities, 23;

Palo Alto, 25;

Resaca de la Palma, 26.

Miles, Colonel Dixon H., mentioned by McClellan, 215;

mortally wounded at Harper's Ferry, 232;

orders to, from General Wool, 286.

Miles, General, at Petersburg, 608.

Miller, Captain, at Gettysburg, 395.

Mills, Colonel Roger Q., commands brigade at Chickamauga, 446.

Milroy, General, fights severe engagement with Ewell at Winchester, 339.

Minnegerode, Rev., pastor of church in Richmond, 607.

Mitchell, General R. B., at Chickamauga, 442.

Moore, Colonel, killed at Seven Pines, 99.

Morgan, General John T., in engagement on Little Tennessee River, 490;

in affair near Dandridge, 532.

"Mud March," the, 323.

Mumford, General T. T., at Five Forks, 596, 597;

ordered by Longstreet against Ord's bridge-burners, 612;

at Cumberland Church, 615;

captures part of Gregg's cavalry, 617;

at Appomattox, 629.

N.

Naglee, General, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259.

Napoleon, quotation from, 405.

Negley, General, at Chickamauga, 442.

Negroes, Confederate Congress provides for enrolment of, as soldiers,

582;

suffrage of, 636.

Nichols, General W. A., at Gettysburg, 374;

extends hospitality to Longstreet, 632, 633.

North Carolina, Fifth Regiment, slaughter in ranks of, at Williamsburg,

78.

Nurse, the old, 638.

O.

Ord, General E. O. C., 62;

meets General Longstreet, 583;

proposes meeting of commanders in interest of peace, 584;

called by General Grant to south side of the James, 595;

following Confederate retreat from Petersburg, 610;

orders burning of High Bridge, 611;

at Appomattox, 623, 624;

interview with, described by Longstreet, 647.

Orders, lost. _See_ Lost orders.

Owen, Edward, 635.

Owen, Miller, 635.

Owen, William, 635.

P.

Palmer, General J. M., at Chickamauga, 442.

Palo Alto, 24.

Parke, General John G., in command at Knoxville, 496;

takes the field along the rear of Longstreet's march, 512;

assumes command of Federals in field on march to Dandridge, 528;

at Fort Steadman, 594, 595;

at Petersburg, 605, 606.

Parker, J. M. G., letter to, from General Longstreet, 636, 637.

Patrick, General, at Antietam, 266;

carries Sumner's demand for surrender of Fredericksburg to civil

authorities and General Longstreet, 294;

in attack, 309.

Patterson, Robert, opposing Johnston in the Valley, 42, 53.

Peace, propositions for, by General Lee, 204;

to be secured because gold had gone up to 200, 317;

talk of, 582;

mission of Hon. Montgomery Blair, 583;

proposition of General Ord to Longstreet for meeting of commanders in

interest of, 583, 584;

proposed meeting of wives of Generals Grant and Longstreet in interest

of, 584;

correspondence of Generals Lee and Grant, 585, 586;

General Grant disclaims authority to act upon, 587;

Longstreet on interview with General Ord, 547.

Pegram, Colonel, at Five Forks, 597;

mortally wounded, 599.

Pegram, General, at Chickamauga, 441.

Pemberton, General, commissioned lieutenant-general, 290;

with President Davis before Army of the Tennessee, 469;

troops threaten mutiny when they hear Davis's purpose to assign him to

command of Polk's corps, 470.

Pender, General, at Shepherdstown, 264;

at Fredericksburg, 307;

at Gettysburg, 354.

Pendleton, General, at Shepherdstown, 264;

saw opportunity for the right at Gettysburg, 368;

charges of, against First Corps, 377;

delivers to General Lee opinion of officers favorable to surrender,

618;

interview with General Lee on proposition for surrender, 620, 621.

Peninsula, the, 68.

Peninsular campaign (_see_ Chickahominy, Seven Pines, Mechanicsville,

Gaines's Mill, Malvern Hill, etc.), losses in, 151.

Pennsylvania, invasion of, 331, 334.

_See_ Gettysburg.

Perry, General, at Gettysburg, 371.

Petersburg, battle of, Confederates cross the James, 603;

General Grant's concerted assault, 604;

General Wright makes opening assault, 605;

death of General A. P. Hill, 605;

General Grant rides over captured works, 606;

news of, received by President Davis in church at Richmond, 607;

fierce assaults on Fort Gregg, 607;

heavy losses at Fort Whitworth, 608;

Lee gives orders for retreat, 608;

Lee purposed to join Johnston in North Carolina, 610.

Pettigrew, General, wounded and captured at Seven Pines, 98;

charge of, at Gettysburg, compared with those of Meade's divisions at

Fredericksburg, 314;

at Gettysburg, 352;

position of, on third day (Gettysburg), 388;

famous charge, 393;

wounding of, 394;

attacked by Kilpatrick in retreat from Gettysburg, 430.

Pickett, General George E., at Seven Pines, 108;

at Gaines's Mill, 127, 128;

at opening of Fredericksburg, 309;

his charge at Gettysburg compared with that of Meade's division at

Fredericksburg, 314;

position of, on third day, 388;

Alexander gives notice to, and Longstreet affirms order for advance

of, 392;

General Lee favors sending division of, to Longstreet, in Tennessee,

539;

recalled, to join Longstreet, 591;

ordered to join Lee at Petersburg, 592;

opens battle of Five Forks, 596, 597;

rides under fire to his command, 599;

position at Five Forks not of his choosing, 600;

generalship of, 601;

reinforced too late, 599, 602;

in engagement at Amazon Creek, 606;

escapes capture at Rice's Station, 614.

Pleasonton, General Alfred, in Maryland campaign, 209, 210;

pushes Confederate cavalry back from the Maryland mountains, 216;

opens battle of South Mountain, 221;

crosses bridge No. 2 (Antietam), 252;

in command of cavalry division under Burnside's reorganization, 292;

engages Stuart's cavalry at Brandy Station, 338;

drives Stuart back to Ashby's Gap, 341.

Poe, Captain, constructs Federal earthworks at Knoxville, 496;

report on work by citizens and contrabands, 500.

Political prisoners, General Lee upon exchange of, 586;

General Grant upon, 587;

Longstreet on exchange of, 648.

Polk, General Leonidas (Bishop), commissioned lieutenant-general, 290;

in command of right wing at Chickamauga, 439;

put under charges by General Bragg, 465.

Pope, Major-General John, in command of Army of Virginia, 153;

displays bold front as a diversion, 154;

injudicious orders of, 154;

"General Orders No. 11," 155;

his attitude towards non-combatants contrasted with Scott's in Mexico,

155, 156;

engages with Jackson at Slaughter Mountain, 157;

increases strength of his army, 159;

captures one of Lee's orders and officers, 160;

puts army in retreat across the Rappahannock, 160;

head-quarters of, raided by Stuart, 165;

forms plan to attack Lee, 166;

concentrates Army of Virginia at Warrenton, 168;

orders for advance and concentration at Manassas, 171;

reaches Manassas Junction, 172;

orders to Porter, 178, 179;

orders for attack at Manassas, 180;

orders Porter to attack Longstreet's right, 184;

his report upon, 185;

mistakenly supposes Confederates retreating, 185, 186;

letter to, from General Lee, on death of Kearny, 194;

criticism of, in Manassas campaign, 197.

Porter, Major-General Fitz-John, in command of Fifth Corps, 82;

at Mechanicsville, 122;

at Gaines's Mill, 126;

at Malvern Hill, 141;

ordered by Pope to Manassas, 171;

march of, delayed, 171;

Pope's orders to, for Manassas, 178;

ordered to attack Longstreet's right flank, 184;

receives order too late, 185;

ordered to attack Jackson's front, 186;

hard battle against, by Jackson and Longstreet, 187, 188;

at Antietam, 234;

ordered ready to enter battle, 252.

Porter, Theoderic, in theatricals on Mexican frontier, 20;

killed on the Rio Grande, 23.

Potomac, Army of. _See_ Army of the Potomac.

Potter, General R. D., in East Tennessee campaign, 490, 492.

Powell, William H., report of, on Second Manassas, 190.

Preston, General William, at Chickamauga, 439, 450 (note);

gains Snodgrass Hill, 455.

Provisional Army Corps, two organized by McClellan, 82.

R.

Rains, General, leaves percussion shells at Williamsburg, 79.

Ransom, General, at Fredericksburg, 309, 310, 313;

at Five Forks, 596, 598;

horse killed, 599.

Reed, General Theodore, mortally wounded in engagement at Cumberland

Church, 615.

Regulars, United States, at First Manassas, 37, 51;

at Second Manassas, 189, 190.

Reno, General Jesse, division of, joins Pope at Culpeper, 159;

captures signal station, 161;

killed at South Mountain, 223.

Resaca de la Palma, 26-28.

Retreats, the great (McClellan's), 132-152;

from Gettysburg, 426 _et seq._

Reynolds, General John F., at Mechanicsville, 126;

ordered to attack at Manassas (Second), 180;

in command of right wing of Union army at Gettysburg, 353;

death of, 354.

Reynolds, General, at Chickamauga, 441.

Rice's Station, 611;

engagement at, 613, 614.

Richardson, General I. B., at Sharpsburg, 244, 247;

brave advance of, against Confederate centre, 248, 250;

occupies Piper House at Antietam, 251;

mortally wounded, 251.

Richardson, Colonel John B., at Second Manassas, 188;

at Sharpsburg, 258, 269;

at Fredericksburg, 319;

at Gettysburg, 411.

Richmond, apprehended advance on, 64;

practicable routes to, 64;

D. H. Hill's denial of reported proposed abandonment of, when Lee

assumed command, 115, 116;

Burnside's march for, 293;

route to, covered by Longstreet after Fredericksburg battle, 323, 324;

armies again in front of, 572 _et seq._

(_see_ Richmond, campaign of, in 1864);

news of Petersburg received at, 607.

"Richmond authorities," forced to extremity, call for suggestions as to

conduct of the war, 543;

Lee and Longstreet confer with, 544.

_See_ Richmond, campaign against.

Richmond, campaign against, in 1864, fall of General J. E. B. Stuart,

573;

Longstreet assigned to command north of the James, 574;

Confederate positions, 575;

General Grant conceives plan for left attack, 575, 576;

Mahone arrests advance of Hancock, 576;

affair on the Williamsburg road, 576-578;

closing scenes of (1864), 579;

Sherman's movements come into remote bearing upon affairs around the

capital, 580;

Longstreet orders roads broken up with ploughs, 580;

General Grant strengthens combination against Richmond, 590;

General Grant orders a grand move by his left, 592;

General Lee gives consent to sortie against Fort Steadman, 592;

positions and strength of Federal army, 593;

General Lee's strength, 593, 594;

storming of Fort Steadman, 594;

losses at Fort Steadman, 595;

General Grant begins movement around the Confederate right, 595;

General Lee endeavors to anticipate the movement, 596

(_see_ Five Forks, battle of, Petersburg, battle of, etc.);

Longstreet in retreat marches for Farmville, 610;

General Meade's pursuit, 610, 611;

movements of Generals Ord and Longstreet, 611, 612;

High Bridge saved by Longstreet, 612;

engagement at Rice's Station, 613, 614;

Confederate disaster, 614;

General Lee's reception of the news described by General Mahone, 614,

615;

engagement at Cumberland Church, 615;

panic among Confederate teamsters at Farmville, 615;

engagement at Farmville, 616, 617.

_See_ Appomattox, surrender at.

Ridgely, Randolph, heroism of, at Resaca de la Palma, 27.

Ripley, General, wounded at Sharpsburg, 243.

Robertson, General J. B., in engagement at Lookout Valley, 476, 477;

charges and specifications against, 517;

sentenced to suspension, 548.

Robinson, James, Longstreet's guide in Wilderness, 548.

"Rock Brigade," at Chickamauga, 448;

at Petersburg, 606.

Rodes, General R. E., takes Federal redoubt and battery at Seven Pines,

94;

at South Mountain, 224;

at Sharpsburg, 247;

at Gettysburg, 355, 374.

Rosecrans, General W. S., threatening of, in Georgia, 433;

understood Bragg's plan for Chickamauga, 439;

rides along Union lines on eve of battle, 443;

at Chattanooga, 463;

reports condition of army deplorable, 470;

superseded in command by General George H. Thomas, 472.

Rosser, Colonel, on the Rappahannock, 164, 218, 221;

General, saves portion of Early's command and reports to Longstreet,

591;

at Five Forks, 596;

ordered by Longstreet against Ord's bridge-burners, 612;

at Cumberland Church, 615;

captures part of Gregg's cavalry, 617.

Ruff, Colonel, honorably mentioned, and death of, 520.

Ruger, General, opens against Ewell (Gettysburg, third day), 387, 388.

S.

Sailor's Creek, Confederate disaster at, 613-615.

St. John, Brigadier-General F. M., appointed commissary-general of

subsistence, 583.

Sanders, Fort, assault on, by General McLaws, 505, 506.

Scales, General, wounded at Gettysburg, 389.

Scammon, Colonel, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259.

Schofield, General J. M., despatch to, from General Grant, on driving

Longstreet out of Tennessee, 535, 536;

despatch of, to General Thomas, 537.

Schurz, General Carl, at Gettysburg, 355.

Scott, General Winfield, 37;

treatment of non-combatants in Mexican war, 156;

advice of, as to "wayward sisters," 631.

Scout Harrison employed by Longstreet, 324;

reports to Longstreet before Gettysburg, 346.

Seddon, Secretary of War, sends scouts to Longstreet, 324;

Longstreet calls on, and makes proposition to, for Western movement,

327, 409;

Western movement again urged on, by Longstreet, 433, 434.

Sedgwick, General, division of, leads Sumner's advance at Sharpsburg,

244, 245;

encounters heavy fire, 246;

in command of Sixth Corps, 552.

Semmes, General, at Gettysburg, 370;

mortally wounded, 371.

Seven Days' Retreat, McClellan's, 132, 152.

Seven Pines (or Fair Oaks), battle of, 81;

new line of defence, 81;

McClellan advances to the Chickahominy, 82;

preliminary affairs, 82;

positions of the armies, 83, 84;

Johnston seeks to strike McClellan before McDowell can reach him, 85;

Johnston holds council, 85, 86;

Longstreet ordered to Williamsburg road, 86;

tactical handling there left to him, 88;

terrific storm on eve of battle, 88;

Johnston's orders for Generals Smith and Huger, 89;

lack of harmony between Longstreet, Smith, and Huger, 90, 92;

hour of opening battle, 93;

Garland and the two Andersons strongly engage, 94;

Rodes takes Federal redoubt and battery, 94;

Longstreet's battle on the Williamsburg road, 96;

McClellan orders Sumner's corps to the fight, 97;

Sumner's reports quoted, 98;

General Smith beaten, 98;

General Johnston orders troops to sleep on their lines, 100;

Johnston wounded, 100;

summary of forces and losses, 101, 102;

Longstreet plans for resuming battle at daylight, 103;

the second day's battle, 105;

General Smith holds a council, 107;

Longstreet asks for reinforcements and a diversion, 108;

Pickett's brave stand, 108;

losses, 110;

criticism on General Smith, 110, 111;

the battle should not have been lost by the Confederates, 110;

Keyes's corroboration, 110.

Seward, Secretary, 583.

Seymour, General, taken prisoner at Wilderness, 565.

Shaler, General, captured at Wilderness, 565.

Shannon, Lieutenant, at Chickamauga, 441.

Sharpsburg (or Antietam), battle of, preliminaries, 227 _et seq._;

head of Lee's army reaches the Antietam, 233;

Union army on the field, 234;

McClellan makes reconnoissance, 234;

description of the field, 235;

Hooker advances against Longstreet, 236;

Jackson arrives from Harper's Ferry, 236;

General Mansfield crosses the Antietam, 237;

the bloodiest single day of the war, 239;

comparison with other battles, 240;

battle opens, 241;

fall of General Mansfield, 242;

heavy losses in General Walker's, Hood's, and Hill's commands, 243;

Federals in heavy columns cross the Antietam, 244;

Sumner's advance, 245, 247;

Richardson's march against the Confederate centre, 248;

Longstreet's battle on the Hagerstown pike, 249;

fall of G. B. Anderson, 249;

Richardson mortally wounded, 251;

attack against Confederate centre reduced to defensive, 252;

Pleasonton crosses bridge No. 2, 252;

his threatening demonstration checked, 253;

D. H. Hill's horse shot under him, 254;

Jackson ordered to turn Federal right, 257;

McClellan's orders to Burnside to take bridge, 258;

charge of Colonel Duryea, 259;

advance against Longstreet's right, 260;

arrival of General A. P. Hill, 261;

Burnside's progress arrested, 262;

meeting of Lee and Longstreet after close of battle, 262;

Lee withdraws across the Potomac, 263

(_see_ Shepherdstown);

strength of armies, 265;

losses, 266;

McClellan's plan and execution not strong, 267;

Confederate troops engaged in, 267;

Federal troops engaged in, 271;

full significance of battle, 288;

comments on Stonewall Jackson at, 401 (note).

Shepherdstown, Lee's army crosses Potomac at, 263;

engagement at, 264, 265.

Sheridan, General P. H., at Chickamauga, 442;

in command of Federals of Foster's army on march to Dandridge, 528;

in fight at Yellow Tavern, 573;

marches cavalry from the valley to join Sherman, 590;

in battle of Five Forks, 596, 597, 598;

at Petersburg, 606;

at Appomattox, 622;

Longstreet on operations of, 652.

Sherman, General William T., at West Point, 17;

advance of, at Manassas, 48;

marching on Chattanooga, 480;

proposes to strike Hardee, 515;

movements of, come into remote bearing

upon matters around Richmond, 580;

progressive movements of, 581.

Sickles, General Daniel, at Fredericksburg, 309;

in affair at the Peach Orchard (Gettysburg), 366, 371;

wounded, 371.

Sigel, General, in command of First Corps, Army of Virginia, 153;

ordered by Pope to attack at Manassas (Second), 180.

Sims, Captain, at Appomattox, 627.

Slaughter Mountain, battle at, 157.

Slaughter, M., mayor of Fredericksburg, reply of, to General Sumner's

demand for surrender, 294-296.

Slocum, General Henry W., at Crampton's Pass, 229;

at Gettysburg, 356.

Smith, General E. K., commissioned lieutenant-general, 290.

Smith, Major-General G. W., reports for duty with Army of Northern

Virginia, 60;

called to Richmond for council with War Department, 65;

Johnston's orders to, for Seven Pines, 89;

complaint of, against Longstreet, 90;

beaten at Seven Pines, 98;

command devolved upon, temporarily, after Johnston was wounded, 100;

standing of, 103;

holds council, 107;

criticism upon, 110, 111;

resignation of, 111.

Smith, General Kirby, arrives on field of Manassas, 49;

is wounded, 50.

Smith, General M. L., in Wilderness, 561;

makes reconnoissance and leads flanking force, 562, 563.

Smith, Major Melancthon, at Chickamauga, 441.

Smith, General W. F., at Crampton's Pass, 229;

opens line of railway on the Tennessee, 472;

move of, against Confederate sharp-shooters, 473.

Soldiers, the Confederate, tributes to, 200, 288;

amusement of, 325.

Sorrel, Lieutenant-Colonel G. M., 47;

goes with Longstreet to Chickamauga, 438;

communicates to General McLaws order of relief from General

Longstreet, 518;

leads divisions in flanking party in Wilderness, 562;

appointed brigadier, 581.

South Mountain, description of, 218;

advance of Union forces to, 219;

battle of, opened by Generals Pleasonton and Cox, 221;

General Garland killed, 221;

Federals in superior strength numerically, 222;

General Reno killed, 223;

the strong battle against General Rodes, 224;

exhaustion of the troops, 225;

losses, 225;

Lee orders withdrawal of troops from, 228.

Staff of General Lee, 573.

Steadman, Fort, sortie against, 592 _et seq._

Steamboat invented by William Longstreet, 14.

Steedman, General, at Chickamauga, 442.

Stephens, Hon. Alex. H., 583.

Steuart, General George H., marches through McConnellsburg and Carlisle,

345;

at Gettysburg, 374;

at Five Forks, 600.

Stevens, General I. I., at West Point, 17;

division of, joins Pope on Rappahannock, 161;

at Manassas (Second), 182;

killed at Chantilly, 194;

tribute to, 195.

Stewart, General, at Chickamauga, 439;

makes strong advance and assault, 447.

Strawberry Plains. _See_ Dandridge.

Stribling's battery, captured at Suffolk, 325.

Stuart, General J. E. B., disperses Federals at Lewinsville, 60;

at Dranesville, 62;

opposes Hooker on the Hampton and Yorktown roads, 68, 69;

at Williamsburg, 75;

reconnoissance by, around McClellan's army, 116-119;

cuts off Stoneman's cavalry at Savage Station, 130;

at Erlington Heights, 146;

raids General Pope's head-quarters, 165, 166;

captures supplies, etc., at Manassas Junction, 167;

cavalry of, in first passage of arms on field of Manassas, 172;

takes a map on the field, 183;

in pursuit of Pope's retreat, 193;

at Maryland Heights, 229;

rides around Union army at Sharpsburg and Harper's Ferry, 290;

engages Pleasonton's cavalry at Brandy Station, 338;

orders to, from General Lee, for march to Pennsylvania, 340;

driven by Pleasonton back to Ashby's Gap, 341;

directions to, from Longstreet, for movements by cavalry, 342;

late arrival of, at Gettysburg, 373;

stubborn fight of, on third day, 396;

covering Confederate retreat from Gettysburg, 428;

death of, at Yellow Tavern, 572, 573;

character of, 573.

Sturgis, General, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259;

operations against Martin's cavalry, 521, 522;

occupies Dandridge, 526;

in affair at Dandridge, 526;

attempts to strike Martin's rear, 527.

Suffolk, General Longstreet's operations about, 324.

Sumner, General E. V., in command of right on Chickahominy, 84;

ordered by McClellan into battle at Seven Pines, 97;

reports of, 98;

defeats Magruder at Savage Station, 132;

gallant covering of retreat from Second Manassas, 196;

Lee's "lost order" found in camp of, 213;

advance of, at Sharpsburg, 245;

eagerness and bravery of, 247;

in command of Right Grand Division Army of the Potomac, 292;

calls for surrender of Fredericksburg, 293;

troops of, enter Fredericksburg, 304.

"Sunrise order" for battle at Gettysburg, 377 _et seq._

Surrender. _See_ Appomattox, surrender at.

Sykes, General, in command of United States regulars at Manassas, 51;

at Second Manassas, 189;

at Fredericksburg, 313;

corps of, at Little Round Top, 371.

T.

Taliaferro, General, wounded at Groveton, 177;

at Fredericksburg, 309.

Taylor, Colonel Erasmus, on Lee's acknowledgment of fault at Gettysburg,

400;

takes guide to Longstreet in Wilderness, 557;

letter of, to Longstreet, on controversy as to guide at Wilderness,

569.

Taylor, General, mortally wounded at Manassas Junction, 170.

Taylor, Assistant Adjutant-General W. H., letter of, to General

Longstreet, on order for "battle at sunrise" (Gettysburg), 379

(note);

on supporting Longstreet at Gettysburg, 397;

states strength of Army of Northern Virginia (May, 1864), 553;

letter to, from Longstreet, 574;

reports Lee's strength for defence of Richmond, 593, 594;

letter to, from Longstreet, 651;

letter to, from Longstreet, on policy towards new organizations, 653.

Taylor, General Zachary, in command of "army of observation" in

Louisiana, 18;

moves to the Rio Grande, 21;

calls for volunteers, 23;

at Resaca de la Palma, 27.

Tennessee, Army of the. _See_ Army of Tennessee.

Tennessee campaign, 438 _et seq._

_See_ Chickamauga, battle of, etc.

Tennessee, East, campaign of. _See_ East Tennessee campaign.

Terry, Colonel, 48, 596.

Terry, General, before Richmond, 576;

in second expedition against Wilmington, 582;

at Five Forks, 595, 597, 600.

Texas seeks annexation, 18.

Thomas, Colonel, death of, 520.

Thomas, General George H., at West Point, 17;

commands four divisions of Rosecrans's army at Chickamauga, 441-443;

calls for reinforcements, 446;

supersedes General Rosecrans in command, 472;

called on by General Foster for troops to aid in campaign against

Longstreet, 533;

despatch from General Grant to, on Longstreet, 534-537;

despatch to, from General Schofield, 537.

Thompson, Major, killed, 630.

Thoroughfare Gap, Longstreet's advance column at, 173;

description of, 174.

_See_ Manassas, Second.

Tidball's artillery at Fort Steadman, 594.

Toombs, General Robert, on the Chickahominy, 113;

ordered under arrest by Longstreet, 161;

released, 166;

at Second Manassas, 189;

gallantly defends bridge against Burnside, 257;

forced to retire, 260.

Triggs, General, at Chickamauga, 449.

Trimble, General, in engagement on Rappahannock, 164;

at Manassas Junction, 167;

charge of, at Gettysburg compared with that of Meade's men at

Fredericksburg, 314;

position of, at Gettysburg, third day, 388;

in the famous charge, 393;

wounding of, 394.

Turner, General, at Petersburg, 607;

assaults Fort Whitworth, 608.

Tyler, General, reconnoissance of, at Manassas, 38, 55.

V.

Vance, General, captured by Federals, 531.

Van Cleve, General H. P., at Chickamauga, 442.

Venable, Colonel Charles S., mentioned, 363, 379;

letter of, to General Longstreet on "battle at sunrise" order at

Gettysburg, 379 (note);

on putting Heth's division in assaulting columns, 398;

takes order for change of direction to Longstreet in Wilderness, 557;

letter of, to Longstreet, on movement of latter to the Wilderness, 571;

gives account of last scenes and of General Lee, 624.

Vincent, General, killed at Little Round Top (Gettysburg), 372.

Virginia "Foot Cavalry," 146.

Virginia, "too much," 332.

W.

Wadsworth, General James S., at Gettysburg, 374;

mortally wounded at Wilderness, 563.

Wagner, Lieutenant, mortally wounded by remarkable cannon-shot, 255.

Walker, General J. G., at Harper's Ferry, 231;

at Sharpsburg, 242, 247.

Walker, General W. H. T., at Chickamauga, 441, 446.

Walton, Colonel, Longstreet's order to, 390.

War feeling in the South, 31.

War, Mexican. _See_ Mexican war.

War, the general status of, on Confederate side, 543;

suggestions for conduct of, by Longstreet, 544.

Warren, Major-General G. K., finds Little Round Top the citadel of the

field at Gettysburg, 371;

testimony as to third day at Gettysburg, 398;

in command of Fifth Corps (1864), 552;

makes opening attack in Wilderness, 558;

at Five Forks, 597.

Washburn, Colonel, mortally wounded, 615.

Washington Artillery, the, at Manassas, 37, 40, 41, 49;

at Second Manassas, 181, 186;

at Sharpsburg, 233, 236, 243, 249, 250, 261, 267;

at Fredericksburg, 311;

at Gettysburg, 390 _et seq._

Weed, General, killed on Little Round Top (Gettysburg), 372.

Weitzel, General, before Richmond, 576, 595, 603, 604.

West Point, distinguished men at, 16, 17.

Westward movement, first proposed to Secretary of War Seddon by

Longstreet, 327, 409;

reverted to by Longstreet, 433, 434;

transportation ordered for, 436;

Longstreet reaches General Bragg's head-quarters, 438

(_see_ Chickamauga, battle of, etc.);

difference between time proposed for and actual making of, 478, 479.

Weymouth, Captain, at Fredericksburg, 303.

Wharton, General, 441.

Wheeler, General, makes cavalry raid on Tennessee River, 463;

Longstreet's orders to, in East Tennessee, 487, 488;

in engagement on Little Tennessee River, 490;

returns to General Bragg, 500.

White House, McClellan establishes his permanent depot at, 82.

_See_ Seven Pines.

Whiting, Major, at Manassas, 52;

General, at Seven Pines, 105-107;

desires to leave Fair Oaks, 113;

reinforces Jackson, 115;

at Gaines's Mill, 127, 128;

mortally wounded at Fort Fisher, 582.

Whittle, Colonel, wounded at Gettysburg, 394.

Whitworth, Fort (Petersburg), 606-608.

Wilcox, General, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259;

at Gettysburg, 374;

at Wilderness, 556, 558, 560;

at Fort Steadman, 594;

at Petersburg, 605, 606, 608.

Wilderness, the, battle of, General Grant with Army of the Potomac, 552;

strength of confronting armies, 552-554;

Army of the Potomac crosses the Rapidan, 555;

General Grant had no fixed plan beyond avoiding Lee's defensive line,

555;

Wilderness described, 555, 556;

march of Longstreet's command, 556;

receives a guide, 557;

troops meet and action cannot wait, 558;

attack by General Warren, 558;

Confederates fail to intrench at night, 560;

Hancock's advance in the morning, 560;

Longstreet's troops form line under fire, 560,

and repulse Hancock's advance, 561;

the Ninth Corps ordered in by General Grant, 561;

Longstreet organizes flanking movement against Hancock's left, 562,

563;

General Jenkins mortally and Longstreet severely wounded, 564;

General Lee on the field in command, 565;

value of a "level head," 566;

the failure to intrench by Third Corps, 565-567;

delay in advance after Longstreet was disabled, 567;

controversy as to Longstreet's march and guide, 568, 571.

Willard, General, killed at Gettysburg, 371.

Williamsburg, battle of, 72;

advance of Hooker, 73;

Longstreet orders Early to support the left, 74;

Stuart's charge, 75;

Anderson's concentrated movement on, and capture of guns, 75;

Anderson driven back by Hooker's reinforcements, 76;

Hancock takes two redoubts, 77;

attack by D. H. Hill and Early, with great slaughter of the latter's

troops because of blunder, 78;

forces engaged, 79;

casualties, 79;

object of the battle, 79;

Hancock called "the Superb," 80.

Williamsburg, engagement near, 68-70.

Williamsburg road, affair on (1864), 576-578.

Williamsport, Confederates at, on retreat from Gettysburg, 428, 429.

Wilmington, first move against, 580;

second expedition against, 582.

Winchester, engagement at, between Ewell and Milroy, 339.

Winder, General, mortally wounded at Slaughter Mountain, 157.

Winthrop, Captain, wounded at Knoxville in leading assault, 497.

Wofford, General, Longstreet rides with, to Little Round Top, 372;

in retreat from Gettysburg, 431;

in engagement on Little Tennessee River, 490;

in assault on Fort Sanders, 502, 503, 505;

at Dandridge, 526;

at Wilderness, 562, 563.

Wood, General T. J., at Chickamauga, 442, 446.

Woodhull, Major Alfred A., gives account of remarkable cannon-shot, 255.

Wool, General John E., orders to Colonel Miles, in command of Harper's

Ferry, 286.

Worth, General, at Corpus Christi, 20.

Wright, General, at Gettysburg, 371;

makes assault at Petersburg, 605.

Wrightsville, bridge at, burned, 345.

Y.

Yellow Tavern, engagement at, between Sheridan and Stuart, 573.

York, authorities of, surrender to General John B. Gordon, 345.

Yorktown, Confederates occupy, 67;

intrenchments abandoned, 68.

THE END.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Brother of the rear-admiral.

[2] He had a similar wound in the war of 1812.

[3] Rebellion Record, vol. ii. p. 309. Less two regiments and one cavalry

troop.

[4] General Beauregard claims that he was not so strong, but estimates

seem to warrant the number given.

[5] In that attack the division commander, Colonel David Hunter, was

wounded.

[6] Rebellion Record, vol. ii. pp. 351, 387, 405, 426.

[7] Ibid., 328.

[8] Not engaged.

[9] In reserve at Centreville and not in battle proper.

[10] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 521.

[11] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 568.

[12] Ibid., p. 450.

[13] Smith's War Papers.

[14] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part iii. p. 563.

[15] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 938.

[16] General Berry thought that he got up as far as the Casey camp, but

mistook Couch's opening for that of Casey.

[17] Confederate War Papers, G. W. Smith.

[18] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 763.

[19] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 813.

[20] Previous returns give him 11,000, but one of his brigades was absent.

[21] Smith's War Papers.

[22] Ibid.

[23] Ibid.

[24] Smith's War Papers.

[25] Ibid.

[26] Letter from General McLaws.

[27] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part iii. p. 910.

[28] Of interest in this connection is a letter to the author from General

D. H. Hill:

"FAYETTEVILLE, ARK., February 4, 1879.

"GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET:

"MY DEAR GENERAL,--I never heard of the proposed abandonment of

Richmond at the time General Lee took command. I had charge of one of

the four divisions with which the retreat from Yorktown was effected,

and was called several times into General Lee's most important

councils. I never heard any officer suggest such a course in these

councils or in private conversations.

"I feel sure that General Johnston always intended to fight the

invading force, and so far as I know no officer of rank entertained

any other view.

"I remember very well that some days before the council on the Nine

Miles road (when yourself, A. P. Hill, and myself were present) that

you suggested the plan of attacking McClellan's right flank, and that

I expressed my preference for an attack on the other flank. This shows

that there was no thought of retreat.

"Very truly yours,

"D. H. HILL."

[29] Official account, Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 1036.

[30] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 882.

[31] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 38.

[32] From memory I will say that this message from General Lee was

delivered by Captain A. P. Mason.

[33] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 517. Stuart.

[34] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 627. D. H. Hill.

[35] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 100. Heintzelman.

[36] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 107.

[37] Ibid., pp. 162-164.

[38] A name taken by the infantry from the Valley district on account of

their swift secret marches.

[39] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 664.

[40] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 687.

[41] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 52.

[42] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 53.

[43] His letter of August 14, 1862.

[44] Rebellion Record, vol xii. part ii. p. 29.

[45] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 378.

[46] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 381.

[47] Ibid., pp. 74, 75.

[48] Ibid., p. 371.

[49] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 518.

[50] Ibid., p. 520.

[51] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 40. General Pope.

[52] Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.

[53] Rebellion Record.

[54] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 558. General Lee's report.

[55]

"HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA,

"September 9, 1862.

"SPECIAL ORDERS, NO. 191.

"The army will resume its march to-morrow, taking the Hagerstown road.

General Jackson's command will form the advance, and, after passing

Middletown, with such portion as he may select, take the route towards

Sharpsburg, cross the Potomac at the most convenient point, and, by Friday

night, take possession of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, capture such of

the enemy as may be at Martinsburg, and intercept such as may attempt to

escape from Harper's Ferry.

"General Longstreet's command will pursue the same road as far as

Boonsborough, where it will halt with the reserve, supply, and baggage

trains of the army.

"General McLaws, with his own division and that of General R. H. Anderson,

will follow General Longstreet. On reaching Middletown he will take the

route to Harper's Ferry, and by Friday morning possess himself of the

Maryland Heights, and endeavor to capture the enemy at Harper's Ferry and

vicinity.

"General Walker, with his division, after accomplishing the object in

which he is now engaged, will cross the Potomac at Cheek's Ford, ascend

its right bank to Lovettsville, take possession of Loudoun Heights, if

practicable, by Friday morning, Key's Ford on his left, and the road

between the end of the mountain and the Potomac on his right. He will, as

far as practicable, co-operate with General McLaws and General Jackson in

intercepting the retreat of the enemy.

"General D. H. Hill's division will form the rear-guard of the army,

pursuing the road taken by the main body. The reserve artillery, ordnance,

supply-trains, etc., will precede General Hill.

"General Stuart will detach a squadron of cavalry to accompany the

commands of Generals Longstreet, Jackson, and McLaws, and with the main

body of the cavalry will cover the route of the army and bring up all

stragglers that may have been left behind.

"The commands of Generals Jackson, McLaws, and Walker, after accomplishing

the objects for which they have been detached, will join the main body of

the army at Boonsborough or Hagerstown.

"Each regiment on the march will habitually carry its axes in the

regimental ordnance wagons, for use of the men at their encampments to

procure wood, etc.

"By command of General R. E. Lee.

"R. H. CHILTON,

"_Assistant Adjutant-General_.

"MAJOR-GENERAL D. H. HILL,

"_Commanding Division_."

[56] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part ii. p. 600.

[57] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 41. McClellan's official

account.

[58] Record, vol. xix. part i.

[59] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part ii. p. 281.

[60] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 48.

[61] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 183.

[62] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 961.

[63] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 47.

[64] Some authorities say (including a small number of "captured or

missing") 12,601.

[65] Report of Committee, part i. p. 368.

[66] Of this shot, Captain A. B. More, of Richmond, Virginia, wrote, under

date of June 16, 1886,--

"The Howitzers have always been proud of that shot, and, thinking it would

interest you, I write to say that it was fired by Corporal Holzburton, of

the Second Company, Richmond Howitzers, from a ten-pound Parrott."

[67] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 377.

[68] Rebellion Record, vol. i. part i. p. 63.

[69] This includes eighty-five lost by S. D. Lee's artillery, not

regularly assigned as part of the corps.

[70] Surgeon Lafayette Guild, medical director of the Army of Northern

Virginia, in his official tabulated report, accounts for 10,291 only.

[71] Compiled from the official reports.

[72] Left at Leesburg.

[73] Commanding brigade while General Evans commanded provisional

division.

[74] Attached to Twenty-first North Carolina Regiment.

[75] John R. Johnson's and D'Aquin's batteries were the only ones present

with this division at Sharpsburg.

[76] Braxton's, Crenshaw's, McIntosh's, and Pegram's batteries engaged at

Sharpsburg.

[77] Cutts's and Jones's battalions also under D. H. Hill's command at

Sharpsburg.

[78] First Virginia Artillery.

[79] With D. H. Hill's division at Sharpsburg.

[80] Left at Leesburg.

[81] Compiled from the records of the Adjutant-General's Office. On

September 14 the right wing of the army, consisting of the First and Ninth

Corps, was commanded by Major-General Burnside; the centre, composed of

the Second and Twelfth Corps, by Major-General Sumner, and the left wing,

comprising the Sixth Corps and Couch's division (Fourth Corps), by

Major-General Franklin.

[82] Designation changed from Third Corps, Army of Virginia, to First Army

Corps, by General Orders, No. 129, Adjutant-General's Office, September

12, 1862.

[83] Wounded September 17.

[84] Relieved September 14.

[85] Wounded September 14.

[86] Joined September 9, and detached September 13 as railroad guard.

[87] Wounded September 14.

[88] Detached at Washington, D. C., since September 6.

[89] Wounded September 17.

[90] Wounded September 17.

[91] Assigned to the Sixth Corps as the Third Division, September 26,

1862.

[92] Joined September 17.

[93] Joined September 15.

[94] This division was organized September 12, and reached the

battle-field of Antietam September 18.

[95] Assigned to First Division, Second Army Corps, September 17.

[96] On the 16th and 17th, Major General Burnside exercised general

command on the left, and Brigadier-General Cox was in immediate command of

the corps.

[97] Killed September 14.

[98] Wounded September 17.

[99] Designation changed from Second Corps, Army of Virginia, to Twelfth

Army Corps, by General Orders, No. 129, Adjutant-General's Office,

September 12, 1862.

[100] Mortally wounded September 17.

[101] Wounded September 17.

[102] No officers present; enlisted men of company attached to Second

Massachusetts.

[103] Detached September 9.

[104] Detached September 13.

[105] Killed September 17.

[106] Detached at Frederick, Md.

[107] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 520.

[108] See organization of the army appended to account of the battle of

Fredericksburg.

[109] Rebellion Record, vol. xxi. part i. p. 783.

[110] Rebellion Record, vol. xxi. part i. p. 1121.

[111] Ibid., p. 1057.

[112] Rebellion Record, vol. xxi. part i. p. 432.

[113] Vol. xxi. of the Official Records.

[114] Not assigned to divisions.

[115] Majors Garnett, Hamilton, and T. J. Page, Jr., are mentioned in the

reports as commanding artillery battalions, but their composition is not

stated.

[116] Organization of brigades as established November 10, 1862. On roster

for December 16, 1862, Hart's, Breathed's, Moorman's, and Chew's batteries

appear as attached, respectively, to the First, Second, Third, and Fourth

Brigades. Commanders are given as reported December 16, 1862.

[117] Detachment on raid to Dumfries.

[118] In the Shenandoah Valley.

[119] The Confederate dry-goods factories, for want of other dye-stuffs,

had long before this resorted to the use of the butternut coloring.

[120] Rebellion Record, vol. xxv. part ii. p. 320.

[121] Ibid., p. 696.

[122] General D. H. Hill was next in rank to General Ewell. He was the

hero of Bethel, Seven Pines, South Mountain, and the hardest fighter at

Sharpsburg. His record was as good as that of "Stonewall" Jackson, but,

not being a Virginian, he was not so well advertised.

[123] Report Committee, vol. i p. 480.

[124] From General Lee's official report: "... It was ascertained from the

prisoners that we had been engaged with two corps of the army formerly

commanded by General Hooker, and that the remainder of that army, under

General Meade, was approaching Gettysburg. Without information as to its

proximity, the strong position which the enemy had assumed could not be

attacked without danger of exposing the four divisions present, already

weakened and exhausted by a long and bloody struggle, to overwhelming

numbers of fresh troops. General Ewell was, therefore, instructed to carry

the hill occupied by the enemy, if he found it practicable, but to avoid a

general engagement until the arrival of the other divisions of the army,

which were ordered to hasten forward. He decided to await Johnson's

division, which had marched from Carlisle by the road west of the

mountains to guard the trains of his corps, and consequently did not reach

Gettysburg until a late hour...."

[125] Report of Committee, vol. i. p. 488.

[126] His account.

[127] In his official report he puts Jenkins's force at the opening

campaign at three thousand eight hundred.

[128] General Lee, by Fitzhugh Lee (note), p. 299.

[129] His official report.

[130] Following are the essential portions of the letters referred to,

affording unquestionable and overwhelming testimony against the claim that

General Longstreet was ordered to give battle "at sunrise":

"NORFOLK, VA., April 28, 1875.

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I can only say that I never before heard of the

'sunrise attack' you were to have made, as charged by General

Pendleton. If such an order was given you I never knew of it, or it

has strangely escaped my memory. I think it more than probable that if

General Lee had had your troops available the evening previous to the

day of which you speak, he would have ordered an early attack, but

this does not touch the point at issue. I regard it as a great mistake

on the part of those who, perhaps because of political differences,

now undertake to criticise and attack your war record. Such conduct is

most ungenerous, and I am sure meets the disapprobation of all good

Confederates with whom I have had the pleasure of associating in the

daily walks of life.

"Yours, very respectfully,

"W. H. TAYLOR."

"UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, May 11, 1875.

"GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET:

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I did not know of any order for an attack on the

enemy at sunrise on the 2d, nor can I believe any such order was

issued by General Lee. About sunrise on the 2d of July I was sent by

General Lee to General Ewell to ask him what he thought of the

advantages of an attack on the enemy from his position. (Colonel

Marshall had been sent with a similar order on the night of the 1st.)

General Ewell made me ride with him from point to point of his lines,

so as to see with him the exact position of things. Before he got

through the examination of the enemy's position, General Lee came

himself to General Ewell's lines. In sending the message to General

Ewell, General Lee was explicit in saying that the question was

whether he should move all the troops around on the right and attack

on that side. I do not think that the errand on which I was sent by

the commanding general is consistent with the idea of an attack at

sunrise by any portion of the army.

"Yours, very truly,

"CHARLES S. VENABLE."

"BALTIMORE, MD., May 7, 1875.

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I have no personal recollection of the order to

which you refer. It certainly was not conveyed by me, nor is there

anything in General Lee's official report to show the attack on the 2d

was expected by him to begin earlier, except that he notices that

there was not proper concert of action on that day....

"Respectfully,

"CHARLES MARSHALL."

"BIG ISLAND, BEDFORD, VA., May 31, 1875.

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I do not recollect of hearing of an order to

attack at sunrise, or at any other designated hour, pending the

operations at Gettysburg during the first three days of July, 1863....

"Yours truly,

"A. L. LONG."

"FREESTONE P. O., PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY, VA.,

"November 12, 1877.

"MY DEAR GENERAL LONGSTREET,--... The winter after the death of

General Lee I was in Lexington, visiting my sons at the V. M. I.

General Pendleton called to see me at the hotel. General Custis Lee

was in my room when he came in. After General Lee left, General

Pendleton asked me if General Longstreet was not ordered to attack on

the 2d of July at Gettysburg at six o'clock in the morning, and did

not attack until four o'clock in the evening. I told him it was not

possible. When he left me I was under the impression I had convinced

him of his mistaken idea. I told General Pendleton that you and

General Lee were together the greater part of the day up to about

three o'clock or later; that you separated at the mouth of a lane not

long thereafter. You said to me, 'Those troops will be in position by

the time you get there; tell General Hood to attack.' When I gave the

order to General Hood he was standing within a step or two of his line

of battle. I asked him to please delay his attack until I could

communicate to General Longstreet that he can turn the

enemy,--pointing to a gorge in the mountain, where we would be

sheltered from his view and attack by his cavalry. General Hood

slapped me on the knee and said, 'I agree with you,--bring General

Longstreet to see for himself.' When I reported to you, your answer

was, 'It is General Lee's order; the time is up,--attack at once.' I

lost no time in repeating the same to General Hood, and remained with

him to see the attack, which was made instantly. We had a beautiful

view of the enemy's left from Hood's position, which was close up to

him. He gave way quickly. General Hood charged, and I spurred to

report to you; found you with hat in hand cheering on General McLaws's

division....

"Truly your friend,

"JOHN W. FAIRFAX."

[131] "Four Years with General Lee."

[132] Upon the various matters of this momentous day, which have been

subject of controversy, the following testimony from J. S. D. Cullen is

interesting and important:

"RICHMOND, VA., May 18, 1875.

"GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET:

"DEAR GENERAL,--... It was an astounding announcement to the survivors

of the First Army Corps that the disaster and failure at Gettysburg

was alone and solely due to its commander, and that had he obeyed the

orders of the commander-in-chief Meade's army would have been beaten

before its entire force had assembled, and its final discomfiture

thereby made certain. It is a little strange that these charges were

not made while General Lee was alive to substantiate or disprove them,

and that seven years or more were permitted to pass by in silence

regarding them. You are fortunate in being able to call upon the

adjutant-general and the two confidential officers of General Lee's

staff for their testimony in the case, and I do not think that you

will have any reason to fear their evidence. They knew every order

that was issued for that battle, when and where attacks were to be

made, who were slow in attacking, and who did not make attacks that

were expected to be made. I hope, for the sake of history and for your

brave military record, that a quietus will at once be put on this

subject. I distinctly remember the appearance in our head-quarters

camp of the scout who brought from Frederick the first account that

General Lee had of the definite whereabouts of the enemy; of the

excitement at General Lee's head-quarters among couriers,

quartermasters, commissaries, etc., all betokening some early movement

of the commands dependent upon the news brought by the scout. That

afternoon General Lee was walking with some of us in the road in front

of his head-quarters, and said, 'To-morrow, gentlemen, we will not

move to Harrisburg as we expected, but will go over to Gettysburg and

see what General Meade is after.' Orders had then been issued to the

corps to move at sunrise on the morning of the next day, and promptly

at that time the corps was put on the road. The troops moved slowly a

short distance when they were stopped by Ewell's wagon-trains and

Johnson's division turning into the road in front of them, making

their way from some point north to Cashtown or Gettysburg. How many

hours we were detained I am unable to say, but it must have been many,

for I remember eating a lunch or dinner before moving again. Being

anxious to see you, I rode rapidly by the troops (who, as soon as they

could get into the road, pushed hurriedly by us also), and overtook

you about dark at the hill this side of Gettysburg, about half a mile

from the town. You had been at the front with General Lee, and were

returning to your camp, a mile or two back. I spoke very exultingly of

the victory we were thought to have obtained that day, but was

surprised to find that you did not take the same cheerful view of it

that I did, and presently you remarked that it would have been better

had we not fought than to have left undone what we did. You said that

the enemy were left occupying a position that it would take the whole

army to drive them from and then at a great sacrifice. We soon reached

the camp, three miles, perhaps, from Gettysburg, and found the column

near by. Orders were issued to be ready to march at 'daybreak,' or

some earlier hour, next morning. About three o'clock in the morning,

while the stars were shining, you left your head-quarters and rode to

General Lee's, where I found you sitting with him _after sunrise_

looking at the enemy on Cemetery Hill...."

"I am yours, very truly,

"J. S. D. CULLEN."

[133] Rebellion Record.

[134] "Four Years with General Lee," W. H. Taylor, page 103.

[135] _Eclectic Magazine_, May, 1872.

[136] At Sharpsburg, General Jackson left the field at seven o'clock in

the morning and did not return until four o'clock in the afternoon, when

he was ordered with his command and the cavalry to turn and strike down

against the Union right. He started to execute the order, then gave it up

without even asking permission. He made a brave and gallant fight in the

morning, losing 1601 officers and men. But D. H. Hill was there from the

first to the last gun, losing from his division 1872 officers and men.

Jackson had the greater part of two divisions. But Hill was not a

Virginian, and it would not do to leave the field for refreshments. The

figures include Jackson's losses at Harper's Ferry and Sharpsburg; Hill's

at South Mountain and Sharpsburg.

[137] "General Lee," by Fitzhugh Lee. Marye's Hill was the stronghold at

Fredericksburg.

[138] _Vide_ "The French under the First and Last Bonaparte;" the Second

Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia under Stonewall Jackson in 1862, in

the Valley of Virginia, and J. A. Early in 1864.

[139] General Meade's monthly return for June 30 shows 99,131 "present for

duty, equipped." The Comte de Paris estimates the force actually on the

field, including the Sixth Corps, which was in reserve, at 82,000.

[140] Rebellion Record, vol. xxvii.

[141] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxvii. part i. p. 187.

[142] No reports on file for this brigade. Bryan was in command July 7,

and was probably Semmes's immediate successor. The commanders of the

Tenth, Fifty-first, and Fifty-third Georgia are given as reported for June

22 and July 31. Manning reported in command of Fiftieth Georgia, June 22.

No commander reported on return for July 31.

[143] The regimental commanders are given as reported for June 14.

[144] The four captains present (West, Robinson, James M. Taylor, Thomas

N. Jordan) were reported as wounded July 1; Robinson and Taylor as having

rejoined July 2, but it does not appear who commanded during Robinson's

absence.

[145] Lieutenant-Colonel Slough and Major John S. Brooks reported as

wounded at four P.M., July 1.

[146] Colonel Christie, Lieutenant-Colonel R. D. Johnston, Major C. C.

Blacknall, and the senior captain (Abner D. Pearce) reported as wounded

early in the fight, July 1.

[147] Commanded his own and W. E. Jones's brigade.

[148] Serving with Ewell's corps.

[149] Mounted.

[150] See battalions attached to corps and cavalry.

[151] Not engaged.

[152] See artillery brigades attached to army corps and the reserves.

[153] Not engaged. With exception of the regular battalion, it was, July

1, and while at Beaver Dam Creek, Md., ordered to Washington, D. C., where

it arrived July 3.

[154] Major-General John F. Reynolds, of this corps, was killed July 1,

while in command of the left wing of the army; General Doubleday commanded

the corps July 1, and General Newton, who was assigned to that command on

the 1st, superseded him July 2.

[155] Transferred, in the afternoon of July 1, to the First Brigade.

[156] Guarding trains, and not engaged in the battle.

[157] Battery E, First New York Light Artillery, attached.

[158] After the death of General Reynolds, General Hancock was assigned to

the command of all the troops on the field of battle, relieving General

Howard, who had succeeded General Reynolds. General Gibbon, of the Second

Division, assumed command of the corps. These assignments terminated on

the evening of July 1. Similar changes in commanders occurred during the

battle of the 2d, when General Hancock was put in command of the Third

Corps, in addition to that of his own. He was wounded on the 3d, and

Brigadier-General William Hays was assigned to the command of the corps.

[159] 2d Company Minnesota Sharp-shooters attached.

[160] Transferred from Artillery Reserve, July 1; Fourteenth New York

Battery attached.

[161] Guarding corps trains, and not engaged in the battle.

[162] Joined corps June 28. The Second Brigade left in the Department of

Washington.

[163] Also in command of the Third Brigade, Third Division, on July 3.

[164] No First Brigade in division.

[165] See foot-note 149, p. 415.

[166] Guarding wagon-train at Westminster, and not engaged in the battle.

[167] During the interval between the death of General Reynolds and the

arrival of General Hancock, on the afternoon of July 1, all the troops on

the field of battle were commanded by General Howard, General Schurz

taking command of the Eleventh Corps, and General Schimmelfennig of the

Third Division.

[168] Exercised command of the right wing of the army during a part of the

battle.

[169] Unassigned during progress of battle; afterwards attached to First

Division, as Second Brigade.

[170] Served with the Sixth Army Corps, and on the right flank.

[171] Serving as light artillery.

[172] At Westminster, etc., and not engaged in the battle.

[173] With Huey's Cavalry Brigade, and not engaged in the battle.

[174] Tenth New York Battery attached.

[175] Not engaged.

[176] Eleventh New York Battery attached.

[177] The emergency militia and the six months' volunteers were mustered

into the United States service, and the ninety-days' militia into the

State service. Under act of Congress approved April 12, 1866, the State

was reimbursed by the United States for money expended in payment of the

latter troops.

[178] That company did not go with the battalion to Virginia.

[179] This was my first meeting with the genial, gallant, lovable William

Preston.

[180] Rebellion Record.

[181] Rebellion Record, vol. xxx. part i. p. 144.

[182] In his official report of the battle, General Bragg denies that his

march of the 21st was for the crossing of the Tennessee River; refers to

the proposition as visionary, and says of the country, "Affording no

subsistence for men or animals."--Rebellion Record.

[183] Rebellion Record.

[184] Later on he offered the command to Lieutenant-General Hardee, who

declined it.

[185]

"CAMP RAPPAHANNOCK, October 26, 1863.

"MY DEAR GENERAL,--I have received your three letters, September 26,

October 6, and October 11. The first was received just as I was about to

make a move upon General Meade, to prevent his detaching reinforcements to

Rosecrans. The second when I had gone as far as I thought I could

advantageously go; and the third since my return to this place. I have

read them all with interest and pleasure, but have not had time to reply

till now.

"I rejoice at your great victory deeply. It seemed to me to have been

complete. I wish it could have been followed up by the destruction of the

Federal army. As regards your proposition as to myself, I wish that I

could feel that it was prompted by other reasons than kind feelings to

myself. I think that you could do better than I could. It was with that

view I urged your going. The President, being on the ground, I hope will

do all that can be done. He has to take a broad view of the whole ground,

and must order as he deems best. I will cheerfully do anything in my

power.

"In addition to other infirmities, I have been suffering so much from

rheumatism in my back that I could scarcely get about. The first two days

of our march I had to be hauled in a wagon, and subsequently every motion

of my horse, and indeed of my body, gave much pain. I am rather better

now, though I still suffer. We could not come up with Meade. We had to

take circuitous and by-roads, while he had broad and passable routes on

either side of the railroad. We struck his rear-guards three times,--the

last at Bristoe, where Hill with his advance of two brigades fell too

precipitately on one of his corps,--suffered a repulse and loss. He was

finally driven beyond Bull Run. I saw he could easily get behind his

intrenchments in front of Alexandria. Our men were dreadfully off for

shoes, blankets, and clothes. One division alone had over a thousand

barefooted men. We had failed to take any, and I fear had failed to manage

as well as we might. The country was a perfect waste. A northeast storm

broke upon us. There was neither shelter nor food for man or beast. I saw

no real good I could accomplish by manoeuvring. The enemy had destroyed

the bridge over the Rappahannock and blown up one of the piers. The

freshet after we left the Rapidan carried away the railroad bridge over

that river. I therefore withdrew to the Rappahannock, destroying the

railroad from Cub Run (this side Manassas Junction) to the Rappahannock

River.

"We inflicted some punishment upon the enemy,--captured upward of two

thousand four hundred prisoners.

"But I missed you dreadfully, and your brave corps. Your cheerful face and

strong arms would have been invaluable. I hope you will soon return to me.

I trust we may soon be together again. May God preserve you and all with

you.

"Very truly yours,

"R. E. LEE.

"GENERAL LONGSTREET."

[186] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxi. part i. p. 680.

[187] Since those days the name of Holston has been changed to the

Tennessee.

[188] Writing of these operations since the war, General E. M. Law, in an

article in the Philadelphia _Weekly Press_ of July 18, 1888, said,--

"During the night the sounds of retreat continued, and when daylight came

the valley about Lenoir presented the scene of an encampment deserted with

ignominious haste."

But he did not take the trouble to report the retreat until nearly

twenty-five years after the war. Had he done so at the proper time the

work at Campbell's Station would have been in better season.

[189] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxi. part i. p. 526.

[190] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxi. part i. p. 491.

[191] Rebellion Record.

[192] Rebellion Record.

[193] Ibid.

[194] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxi. part i. p. 549.

[195] "Four Years with General Lee."

[196] General Heth's personal account.

[197] Letter to the writer.

[198] Decisive Battles of the War, Swinton, p. 378.

[199] Military History of U. S. Grant. Badeau.

[200] Virginia Campaigns, 1864-65, by General A. A. Humphreys, Army of the

Potomac.

[201] General Early's official account.

[202] One of our weeklies announced, upon learning that General Bragg was

ordered there, "We understand that General Bragg is ordered to Wilmington.

Good-by, Wilmington!"

[203] General Badeau's "Military History of U. S. Grant."

[204] Four Years with General Lee.

[205] Diary of a member of Corse's brigade.

[206] Estimated from returns.

[207] Estimated from general return for March.

[208] This account is gathered from the evidence of officers of both

sides, given before the Warren Court of Inquiry, which vindicated Warren

and Pickett, though the court was inclined to coquette with the

lieutenant-general, who, at that late day, was in high authority.

[209] He reported that he could have gained the day if the cavalry of his

left had been as efficient as that of his right.

[210] Virginia Campaigns.

[211] General Mahone claimed seven hundred in all.

[212] Memoirs of General Lee, A. L. Long.

[213] Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, A. L. Long.

[214] Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, A. L. Long.

[215] Including the parts of the Third Corps attached after the fall of A.

P. Hill, and about five thousand that reported on the 7th, 8th, and 9th in

bands and squads from the columns broken up at Sailor's Creek.

[216] Including five thousand two hundred of fragments dispersed at

Petersburg and during the rearward march, that joined us in retreat.

End of Project Gutenberg's From Manassas to Appomattox, by James Longstreet