The following advertisement from Liston appeared in June, 1817:—

“My benefit takes place this evening at Covent Garden Theatre, and I

doubt not will be splendidly attended.... I shall perform ‘Fogrun,’ in

_The Slave_, and ‘Leporello’ in _The Libertine_. In the delineation of

these arduous characters I shall display much feeling and

discrimination, together with great taste in my dresses, and elegance of

manner. The audiences will be delighted, and will testify their

approbation by rapturous applause. When, in addition to my professional

merits, regard is had to the loveliness of my person and the fascination

of my face, ... there can be no doubt that this announcement will

receive the attention it deserves.”—J. Liston.

_Leporello_, the valet of Don Giovanni.—Mozart, _Don Giovanni_ (an

opera, 1787).

=Lermites= and =Martafax=, two rats that conspired against the White

Cat.—Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“The White Cat” 1682).

=Lesbia=, the poetic name given by the poet Catullus to his mistress,

Clodia.

=Lesbia’s Sparrow.= One of the best known of the poems of Catullus is

the one called _Lesbia’s Sparrow_, in which the girl so prettily laments

the loss of her favorite bird. It has been often translated.

=Lesbian Poets= (_The_), Terpander, Alcæus, Ari´on, and the poetess

Sappho.

=Lesbian Rule=, squaring the rule from the act, and not the act from the

rule; like correcting a sun-dial by a clock, and not the clock by the

sun-dial. A specious excuse for doing, or not doing, as inclination

dictates.

=Lesley= (_Captain_), a friend of Captain M’Intyre.—Sir W. Scott, _The

Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Leslie= (_General_), a parliamentary leader.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of

Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

_Leslie_ (_Hope_). Heroine of a novel of colonial life, the scene of

which is laid in Agawam (Springfield), Mass.—Catherine Maria Sedgwick,

_Hope Leslie_ (1827).

_Leslie_ (_Norman_). Hero of a novel of New York life, early in the

nineteenth century. He is wrongfully accused of a murder, and although

the charge is not proved, rests under the ban with the public for years,

until the real criminal is brought to light.—Theodore S. Fay, _Norman

Leslie_ (1835).

=Lesly= (_Ludovic_), surnamed _Le Balafré_, an old archer in the Scotch

guard of Louis XI., of France. Uncle of Quentin Durward.—Sir W. Scott,

_Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Lesurques= (_Jerome_), a solicitor, who, being in greatly reduced

circumstances, holds the White Lion inn, unknown to his son (act i. 2).

_Joseph Lesurques_ (_2 syl._), son of the solicitor, and father of

Julie. He is so like Dubosc, the highwayman, that he is accused of

robbing the night-mail from Lyons, and murdering the courier.

_Julie Lesurques_, daughter of Joseph Lesurques, in love with Didier.

When her father is imprisoned, she offers to release Didier from his

engagement; but he remains loyal throughout.—Edward Stirling, _The

Courier of Lyons_ (1852).

=Letters= (_Greek_). Cadmus, the Phœnician, introduced sixteen;

Simonidês and Epicharmos (the poets) introduced six or eight others; but

there is the greatest diversity as to what letters, or how many, are to

be attributed to them. Aristotle says Epicharmos introduced θ, χ; others

ascribe to him ξ, η, ψ, ω. Dr. Smith, in his _Classical Dictionary_,

tells us Simonidês introduced “the long vowels and double letters” (η,

ω, θ, χ, φ, ψ). Lempriere, under “CADMUS,” ascribes to him θ, ζ, ψ, χ;

and under “SIMONIDES,” η, ω, ξ, ψ. Others maintain that the Simonidês

letters are η, ω, ζ, ψ.

_Letters_ (_Father of_), François I., of France, _Père des Lettres_

(1494, 1515-1547). Lorenzo de Medici, “the Magnificent” (1448-1492).

=Leuca´dia’s Rock=, a promontory, the south extremity of the island

Leucas or Leucadia, in the Ionian Sea. Sappho leapt from this rock when

she found her love for Pha´on unrequited. At the annual festival of

Apollo, a criminal was hurled from Leucadia’s Rock into the sea; but

birds of various sorts were attached to him, in order to break his fall,

and if he was not killed he was set free. The leap from this rock is

called “The Lovers’ Leap.”

All those may leap who rather would be neuter

(Leucadia’s Rock still overlooks the wave).

Byron, _Don Juan_, ii. 205 (1819).

=Leucip´pe= (_3 syl._), wife of Menippus; a bawd who caters for king

Antig´onus, who, although an old man, indulges in the amorous follies of

a youth.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_ (1647).

=Leucoth´ea=, once called “Ino.” Ath´amas, son of Æŏlus, had by her two

sons, one of whom was named Melicer´tês. Athamas, being driven mad, Ino

and Melicertês threw themselves into the sea; Ino became Leucothea, and

Melicertês became Palæmon or Portumnus, the god of ports or strands.

Leucothea means the “white goddess,” and is used for “Matuta” or the

dawn, which precedes sunrise, _i.e._ Aurora.

By Leucothea’s lovely hands,

And her son that rules the strands.

Milton, _Comus_, 875 (1634).

To resalute the world with sacred light,

Leucothea waked, and with fresh dews embalmed

The earth.

Milton, _Paradise Lost_, xi. 135 (1665).

=Leven= (_The earl of_), a parliamentary leader.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend

of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Leviathan of Literature= (_The_), Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784).

=Levites= (_The_), in Dryden’s _Absalom and Achitophel_, means the

nonconformist ministers expelled by the Act of Conformity (1681-2).

=Levitt= (_Frank_), a highwayman.—Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_

(time, George II.).

=Lewis= (_Don_), brother of Antonio, and uncle of Carlos, the bookworm,

of whom he is dotingly fond. Don Lewis is no scholar himself, but he

adores scholarship. He is headstrong and testy, simple-hearted and kind.

_Lewis_ (_Lord_), father of Angeli´na.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Elder

Brother_ (1637).

_Lewis_ (_Matthew Gregory_), generally called “Monk Lewis,” from his

romance, _The Monk_ (1794). His best known verses are the ballads of

_Alonzo the Brave_, and _Bill Jones_. He also wrote a drama entitled

_Timour, the Tartar_ (1775-1818).

Oh! wonder-working Lewis! Monk or bard,

Who fain would make Parnassus a churchyard!

Lo! wreaths of yew, not laurel, bind thy brow;

Thy Muse a sprite, Apollo’s sexton thou.

Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809).

=Lewis Baboon.= Louis XIV., of France, is so called by Dr. Arbuthnot in

his _History of John Bull_. Baboon is a pun on the word _Bourbon_,

specially appropriate to this royal “posture-master” (1712).

=Lew´some= (_2 syl._), a young surgeon and general practitioner. He

forms the acquaintance of Jonas Chuzzlewit, and supplies him with the

poison which he employs.—C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).

=Lewson=, a noble, honest character. He is in love with Charlotte

Beverley, and marries her, although her brother has gambled away all her

fortune.—Edward Moore, _The Gamester_ (1753).

=Leycippes and Clitophonta=, a romance in Greek, by Achilles Tatius, in

the fifth century; borrowed largely from the _Theag´enês and Chariclēa_

of Heliodōrus, bishop of Trikka.

=Liar= (_The_), a farce by Samuel Foote (1761). John Wilding, a young

gentleman fresh from Oxford, has an extraordinary propensity for

romancing. He invents the most marvellous tales, utterly regardless of

truth, and thereby involves both himself and others in endless

perplexities. He pretends to fall in love with a Miss Grantam, whom he

accidentally meets, and, wishing to know her name, is told it is

Godfrey, and that she is an heiress. Now it so happens that his father

wants him to marry the real Miss Grantam, and, in order to avoid so

doing, he says he is already married to a Miss Sibthorpe. He afterwards

tells his father he invented this tale because he really wished to marry

Miss Godfrey. When Miss Godfrey is introduced, he does not know her, and

while in this perplexity a woman enters, who declares she is his wife,

and that her maiden name was Sibthorpe. Again he is dumbfounded,

declares he never saw her in his life, and rushes out, exclaiming, “All

the world is gone mad, and is in league against me!”

⁂ The plot of this farce is from the Spanish. It had been already taken

by Corneille in _Le Menteur_ (1642), and by Steele in his _Lying Lover_

(1704).

_Liar_ (_The_), Al Aswad; also called “The Impostor,” and “The

Weathercock.” He set himself up as a prophet against Mahomet; but

frequently changed his creed.

Mosëilma was also called “The Liar.” He wrote a letter to Mahomet, which

began thus: “From Mosëilma, prophet of Allah, to Mahomet, prophet of

Allah;” and received an answer beginning thus: “From Mahomet, the

prophet of Allah, to Mosëilma, the Liar.”

=Liars= (_The Prince of_), Ferdinand Mendez Pinto, a Portuguese

traveller, whose narratives deal so much in the marvellous that

Cervantes dubbed him “The Prince of Liars.” He is alluded to in the

_Tatler_ as a man “of infinite adventure and unbounded imagination.”

Sir John Mandeville is called “The Lying Traveller” (1300-1372).

=Liban´iel= (_4 syl._), the guardian angel of Philip, the

apostle.—Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748).

=Liberator= (_The_). Daniel O’Connell was so called because he was the

leader of the Irish party, which sought to sever Ireland from England.

Also called “The Irish Agitator” (1776-1847).

Simon Bolivar, who established the independence of Peru, is so called by

the Peruvians (1785-1831).

=Liberty= (_Goddess of_). On December 20, 1793, the French installed the

worship of reason for the worship of God, and M. Chaumette induced

Mdlle. Malliard, an actress, to personify the “goddess of Liberty.” She

was borne in a palanquin, dressed with buskins, a Phrygian cap, and a

blue chlamys over a white tunic. Being brought to Notre Dame, she was

placed on the high altar, and a huge candle was placed behind her.

Mdlle. Malliard lighted the candle, to signify that liberty frees the

mind from darkness, and is the “light of the world;” then M. Chaumette

fell on his knees to her and offered incense as to a god.

_Liberty_ (_The goddess of_). The statue so called, placed over the

entrance of the Palais Royal, represented Mde. Tallien.

=Liberty Hall.= Squire Hardcastle says to young Harlow and Hastings,

when they mistake his house for an “inn,” and give themselves airs,

“This is Liberty Hall, gentlemen; you may do just as you please

here.”—Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_, i. 2 (1773).

=Libiti´na=, the goddess who presides over funerals, and hence in Latin

an undertaker is called _libitina´rius_.

He brought two physicians to visit me, who, by their appearance, seemed

zealous ministers of the goddess Libitina.—Lesage, _Gil Blas_, ix. 8

(1735).

=Lichas=, servant of Herculês, who brought to him from Dejani´ra the

poisoned shirt of Nessus. He was thrown by Herculês from the top of

Mount Etna into the sea. Seneca says (_Hercules_) that Lichas was tossed

aloft into the air, and sprinkled the clouds with his blood. Ovid says:

“He congealed, like hail, in mid-air, and turned to stone; then, falling

into the Uuboic Sea, became a rock, which still bears his name and

retains the human form” (_Met._ ix.).

Let me lodge Lichas on the horns of the moon.

Shakespeare, _Antony and Cleopatra_, act. iv. sc. 10 (1608).

=Lickitup= (_The laird of_), friend of Neil Blanc, the town piper.—Sir

W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Lie.= The four P’s—a Palmer, a Pardoner, a Poticary and a

Pedler—disputed as to which could tell the greatest lie. The Palmer

asserted that he never saw a woman out of patience; the other three P’s

were so taken aback by this assertion that they instantly gave up the

contest, saying that it was certainly the greatest falsehood they ever

heard.—John Heywood, _The Four P’s_ (1520).

=Liebenstein and Sternfels=, two ruined castles on the Rhine. Leoline,

the orphan, was the sole surviving child of the lord of Liebenstein,

and two brothers (Warbeck and Otto) were the only surviving children

of the lord of Sternfels. Both these brothers fell in love with

Leoline, but as the lady gave Otto the preference, Warbeck joined the

crusades. Otto followed his brother to Palistine, but the war was

over, and Otto brought back with him a Greek girl, whom he had made

his bride. Warbeck now sent a challenge to his brother for this insult

to Leoline, but Leoline interposed to stop the fight. Soon after this

the Greek wife eloped, and Otto died childless. Leoline retired to the

adjacent convent of Bornhofen, which was attacked by robbers, and

Warbeck, in repelling them, received his death-wound, and died in the

lap of Leoline.—_Traditions of the Rhine_.

=Life= (_The Battle of_), a Christmas story, by C. Dickens (1846). It is

the story of Grace and Marion, the two daughters of Dr. Jeddler, both of

whom loved Alfred Heathfield, their father’s ward. Alfred loved the

younger daughter; but Marion, knowing of her sister’s love, left her

home clandestinely, and all thought she had eloped with Michael Warden.

Alfred then married Grace, and in due time Marion make it known to her

sister that she had given up Alfred to her, and had gone to live with

her Aunt Martha till they were married. It is said that Marion

subsequently married Michael Warden, and found with him a happy home.

=Ligéa=, one of the three sirens. The other two were Parthen´ope and

Leucothëa. Milton gives the classic sirens, _combs_; borrowing a detail

from the Scandinavian Lorelei. Ligēa or Largeia means “shrill,” or

“sweet voiced.”

By fair Ligea’s golden comb,

Wherewith she sits on diamond rocks,

Sleeking her soft alluring locks.

Milton, _Comus_ (1634).

=Light of the Age=, Maimon´idês _or_ Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, of Cor´dova

(1135-1204).

=Light of the Haram= [_sic_], the Sultana Nour´mahal´, afterwards called

Nourjeham (“light of the world”). She was the bride of Selim, son of

Acbar.—T. Moore, _Lalla Rookh_ (1817).

=Light o’ Heel= (_Janet_), mother of Godfrey Bertram Hewit.—Sir W.

Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time George II.).

=Lightbody= (_Luckie_), _alias_ “Marian Loup-the-Dyke,” mother of Jean

Girder, the cooper’s wife.—Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time,

William III.).

=Lightborn=, the murderer who assassinated Edward II.—C. Marlowe,

_Edward II._ (1592).

=Lightfoot=, one of the seven attendants of Fortunio. So swift was he of

foot, that he was obliged to tie his legs when he went hunting, or else

he always outran the game, and so lost it.—Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy

Tales_ (“Fortunio,” 1682).

=Lightning.= Benjamin Franklin invented lightning conductors; hence

Campbell says it is allotted to man, with Newton to mark the speed of

light, with Herschel to discover planets, and

With Franklin grasp the lightning’s fiery wing.

_Pleasures of Hope_, i. (1799).

_Lightning_ (_Lovers killed by_). (See under LOVERS.)

=Lightning Protectors.= Jupiter chose the eagle as the most approved

preservative against lightning, Augustus Cæsar the sea-calf, and

Tiberius the laurel.—_Collumella_ x.; Suetonius, _In Vit. Aug_., xc.

Suetonius, _In Vita Tib_., lxix.

=Lightwood= (_Mortimer_), a solicitor, who conducts the “Harmon murder”

case. He is the great friend of Eugene Wrayburn, barrister-at-law, and

it is the great ambition of his heart to imitate the _nonchalance_ of

his friend. At one time Mortimer Lightwood admired Bella Wilfer.—C.

Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864).

=Ligurian Sage= (_The_), Aulus Persius Flaccus, the satirist (34-62).

=Lilburn= (_John_), a contentious leveller in the Commonwealth, of whom

it was said, _If no one else were alive John would quarrel with

Lilburn_. The epigrammatic epitaph of John Lilburn is as follows:—

Is John departed, and is Lilburn gone?

Farewell to both, to Lilburn and to John!

Yet being gone take this advice from me:

Let them not both in one grave buried be.

Here lay ye John; lay Lilburn thereabout;

For if they both should meet, they would fall out.

=Lili=, immortalized by Goethe, was Anna Elizabeth Schönemann, daughter

of a Frankfort banker. She was 16 when Goethe first knew her.

=Lilian=, “little wife” of Aldrich’s poem _An Untimely Thought_.

“What a hideous fancy to come

As I wait at the foot of the stair,

While Lilian gives the last touch

To her robe or the rose in her hair!

* * * * *

As the carriage rolls down the dark street

The little wife laughs and makes cheer—

But ... I wonder what day of the week,

I wonder what month of the year!”

Thomas Bailey Aldrich, _Poems_ (1882.)

=Lil´inau=, a woman wooed by a phantom that lived in her father’s pines.

At night-fall the phantom whispered love, and won the fair Lilinau, who

followed his green waving plume through the forest, but never more was

seen.—_American-Indian Legend._

Told she the tale of the fair Lilinau, who was wooed by a phantom

That through the pines o’er her father’s lodge, in the hush of the

twilight,

Breathed like the evening wind, and whispered love to the maiden;

Till she followed his green and waving plume thro’ the forest,

And never more returned, nor was seen again by her people.

Longfellow, _Evangeline_, ii. 4 (1849).

=Lilis= or =Lilith=, Adam’s wife before Eve was created. Lilis refused

to submit to Adam, and was turned out of paradise; but she still haunts

the air, and is especially hostile to new-born children.

⁂ Goethe has introduced her in his _Faust_ (1790).

=Lil´lia-Bianca=, the bright, airy daughter of Nantolet, beloved by

Pinac, the fellow-traveller of Mirabel, “the wild goose.”—Beaumont and

Fletcher, _The Wild-goose Chase_ (1652).

=Lilliput=, the country of the Lilliputians, a race of pygmies of very

diminutive size, to whom Gulliver appeared a monstrous giant.—Swift,

_Gulliver’s Travels_ (“Voyage to Lilliput,” 1726).

⁂ The voyage to Lilliput is a satire on the manners and habits of George

I.

=Lilly=, the wife of Andrew. Andrew is the servant of Charles Brisac, a

scholar.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Elder Brother_ (1637).

_Lilly_ (_William_), an English astrologer, who was employed during the

Civil Wars by both parties; and even Charles I. consulted him about his

projected escape from the Carisbrooke Castle (1602-1681).

He talks of Raymond Lully [_q.v._] and the ghost of Lilly.—W. Congreve,

_Love for Love_, iii. (1695).

=Lillyvick=, the collector of water-rates, and uncle to Mrs. Kenwigs. He

considered himself far superior in a social point of view to Mr.

Kenwigs, who was only an ivory turner; but he deigned to acknowledge the

relation, and confessed him to be “an honest, well-behaved, respectable

sort of a man.” Mr. Lillyvick looked on himself as one of the _élite_ of

society. “If ever an old gentleman made a point of appearing in public

shaved close and clean, that old gentleman was Mr. Lillyvick. If ever a

collector has borne himself like a collector, and assumed a solemn and

portentous dignity, as if he had the whole world on his books, that

collector was Mr. Lillyvick.” Mr. Kenwigs thought the collector, who was

a bachelor, would leave each of the Kenwigses £100; but he “had the

baseness” to marry Miss Petowker, of the Theatre Royal, and “swindle the

Kenwigses of their golden expectations.”—C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_

(1838).

=Lily= (_The_), the French king for the time being. So called from the

lilies, which, from the time of Clovis, formed the royal device of

France. Tasso (_Jerusalem Delivered_) calls them _gigli d’ore_ (“golden

lilies”); but Lord Lytton calls them “silver lilies:”

Lord of the silver lilies, canst thou tell

If the same fate await not thy descendant?

Lord E.L.B. Lytton, _The Duchess de la Vallière_ (1836).

=Lily Maid of Astolat=, Elaine (_q.v._). (See also LAUNCELOT AND

ELAINE).

=Lily of Medicine= (_The_), a treatise written by Bernard Gordon, called

_Lilium Medicinæ_ (1480). (See GORDONIUS).

=Lily Floyd Curtis.= A New York belle, whose mother sets out with the

aim that Lily is to make a grand match, and keeps it steadily before

her. By a series of dexterous manœuvres the admirable republican parent

prevents a marriage between the girl and the man she loves, and makes

her countess of Melrose.—Constance Gary Harrison, _The Anglo-Maniacs_

(1890).

=Lily Servosse=, daughter of a Northern man, who settles in the South

soon after the war, in the hopeful expectation of winning favor with his

neighbors and helping them to create a new South. In the fruitless

enterprise his daughter is his zealous and loving coadjutor.—Albion W.

Tourgeé, _A Fool’s Errand_ (1879).

=Limberham=, a tame, foolish keeper. Supposed to be meant for the duke

of Lauderdale.—Dryden, _Limberham_ or _The Kind Keeper_.

=Limbo of the Moon.= Ariosto, in his _Orlando Furioso_, xxxiv. 70, says,

in the moon are treasured up the precious time misspent in play, all

vain efforts, all vows never paid, all counsel thrown away, all desires

that lead to nothing, the vanity of titles, flattery, great men’s

promises, court services, and death-bed alms. Pope says:

There heroes’ wits are kept in ponderous vases,

And beaus’ in snuff-boxes and tweezer-cases;

There broken vows and death-bed alms are found,

And lovers’ hearts with ends of ribbon bound;

The courtier’s promises, and sick man’s prayers,

The smiles of harlots, and the tears of heirs;

Cages for gnats, and chains to yoke a flea,

Dried butterflies, and tomes of casuistry.

_Rape of the Lock_, v. (1712).

_Limbo Fatuōrum_ or the “Fools’ Paradise,” for idiots, madmen, and

others who are not responsible for their sins, but yet have done nothing

worthy of salvation. Milton says, from the earth fly to the Paradise of

Fools

All things transitory and vain ... the fruits

Of painful superstition and blind zeal ...

AIL the unaccomplished works of Nature’s hand,

Abortive, monstrous, or unkindly mixed ...

The builders here of Babel ...

Others come single. He who to be deemed

A god, leaped fondly into Etna’s flames,

Empedoclês; and he who to enjoy

Plato’s elysium, leaped into the sea ...

Embryos and idiots, eremites and friars.

_Paradise Lost_, iii. 448 (1665).

_Limbo Patrum_, that half-way house between purgatory and paradise,

where patriarchs and prophets, saints, martyrs, and confessors, await

the “second coming.” This, according to some, is the hadês or “hell”

into which Christ descended when “He preached to the spirits in prison.”

Dantê places Limbo on the confines of hell, but tells us those doomed to

dwell there are “only so far afflicted as that they live without hope”

(_Inferno_, iv.).

I have some of them in Limbo Patrum, and there they are like to dance

these three days.—Shakespeare, _Henry VIII._ act v. sc. 3 (1601).

_Limbo Puerōrum_, or “Child’s Paradise,” for unbaptized infants too

young to commit actual sin, but not eligible for heaven because they

have not been baptized.

⁂ According to Dantê, Limbo is between hell and that border-land where

dwell “the praiseless and blameless dead.” (See INFERNO.)

=Lincius.= (See LYNCEUS.)

=Lincoln= (_The bishop of_), in the court of Queen Elizabeth. He was

Thomas Cowper.—Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Lincolnshire Grazier= (_A_). The Rev. Thomas Hartwell Horne published

_The Complete Grazier_ under this pseudonym (1805).

=Linco´ya= (_3 syl._), husband of Co´atel, and a captive of the

Az´tecas. “Once, when a chief was feasting Madoc, a captive served the

food.” Madoc says, “I marked the youth, for he had features of a gentler

race; and oftentimes his eye was fixed on me with looks of more than

wonder.” This young man, “the flower of all his nation,” was to be

immolated to the god Tezcalipo´ca; but on the eve of sacrifice he made

his escape, and flew to Madoc for protection. The fugitive proved both

useful and faithful, but when he heard of the death of Coatel, he was

quite heart-broken. Ayaya´ca, to divert him, told him about the

spirit-land; and Lincoya asked, “Is the way thither long?”

The old man replied, “A way of many moons.”

“I know a shorter path,” exclaimed the youth;

And up he sprang, and from the precipice

Darted. A moment; and Ayaya´ca heard

His body fall upon the rocks below.

Southey, _Madoc_, ii. 22 (1805).

=Lindab´rides= (_4 syl._), a euphemism for a female of no repute, a

courtezan. Lindabridês is the heroine of the romance entitled _The

Mirror of Knighthood_, one of the books in Don Quixote’s library (pt. I.

i. 6), and the name became a household word for a mistress. It occurs in

two of Sir W. Scott’s novels, _Kenilworth_ and _Woodstock_.

=Linden= (_John Endicott_), young man who comes to a New England village

to teach school, institutes various reforms; falls in love with a pretty

pupil, Faith Derrick, educates her, and when he has completed his

theological studies, marries her, and settles as pastor of a Vermont

mountain parish.—Susan Warner, _Say and Seal_ (1860).

=Lindesay=, an archer in the Scotch guard of Louis XI. of France.—Sir W.

Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

_Lindesay_ (_Lord_), one of the embassy to Queen Mary of Scotland.—Sir

W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Lindor=, a poetic swain or lover playing at shepherd.

Do not, for Heaven’s sake, bring down Corydon and Lindor upon us.—Sir W.

Scott.

=Lindsay= (_Margaret_), the heroine of a novel by Professor John Wilson,

entitled _Trials of Margaret Lindsay_, a very pathetic story

(1785-1854).

=Linet´=, daughter of Sir Persaunt, and sister of Lionês, of Castle

Perilous (ch. 131). Her sister was held captive by Sir Ironside, the Red

Knight of the Red Lands. Linet went to King Arthur to entreat that one

of his knights might be sent to liberate her; but as she refused to give

up the name of her sister, the king said no knight of the Round Table

could undertake the adventure. At this, a young man nicknamed

“Beaumains” (Fair-hands), who had been serving in the kitchen for a

year, entreated that he might be allowed the quest, which the king

granted. Linet, however, treated him with the utmost contumely, calling

him dish-washer, kitchen knave, and lout: but he overthrew all the

knights opposed to him, delivered the lady Lionês, and married her. (See

LYNETTE).—Sir. T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 120-153 (1470).

⁂ Some men nicknamed her “The Savage” (ch. 151). Tennyson, in his

_Gareth and Lynette_, changes the denouement, and makes Gareth marry

Lynette.

=Lingo=, in O’Keefe’s comedy _Agreeable Surprise_ (1798).

=Linkinwater= (_Tim_), confidential clerk to the brothers Chreeryble. A

kind-hearted old bachelor, fossilized in ideas, but most kind-hearted,

and devoted to his masters almost to idolatry. He is much attached to a

blind blackbird called “Dick,” which he keeps in a large cage. The bird

has lost its voice from old age; but, in Tim’s opinion, there is no

equal to it in the whole world. The old clerk marries Miss La Creevy, a

miniature-painter.

Punctual as the counting-house dial, ... he performed the minutest

actions, and arranged the minutest articles of his little room in a

precise and regular order. Paper, pens, ink, ruler, sealing-wax, wafers,

... Tim’s hat, Tim’s scrupulously folded gloves, Tim’s other coat, ...

all had their accustomed inches of space.... There was not a more

accurate instrument in existence than Tim Linkinwater.—C. Dickens,

_Nicholas Nickleby_, xxxvii. (1838).

=Linklater= (_Laurie_), yeoman of the king’s kitchen. A friend to

Ritchie Moniplies.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Linne= (_The Heir of_), a great spendthrift, who sold his estates to

John-o-the-Scales, his steward, reserving for himself only a “poor and

lonesome lodge in a lonely glen.” Here he found a rope, with a running

noose, and put it round his neck, with the intention of hanging himself.

The weight of his body broke the rope, and he fell to the ground. He now

found two chests of gold and one of silver, with this inscription: “Once

more, my son, I set thee clear. Amend thy life or a rope must end it.”

The heir of Linne now went to the steward for the loan of forty pence,

which was denied him.—One of the guests said, “Why, John, you ought to

lend it, for you had the estates cheap enough.” “Cheap! say you. Why, he

shall have them back for a hundred marks less than the money I gave for

them.” “Done!” said the heir of Linne; and counted out the money. Thus

he recovered his estates, and made the kind guest his forester.—Percy,

_Reliques_, II. ii. 5.

=Lion= (_A_), emblem of the tribe of Judah. In the old church at Totnes,

is a stone pulpit divided into compartments containing shields,

decorated with the several emblems of the Jewish tribes, of which this

is one.

Judah is a lion’s whelp ... he crouched as a lion, and as an old lion;

who shall rouse him up?—_Gen._ xlix. 9.

Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna, an English writer, has a book under the title

of _The Lion of the Tribe of Judah_ (1830-185-).

_Lion_ (_The_), symbol of ambition. When Dantê began the ascent of fame,

he was met first by a panther (_pleasure_), and then by a lion

(_ambition_) which tried to stop his further progress.

A lion came

With head erect, and hunger mad.

Dantê, _Hell_, i. (1300).

_Lion_ (_The_) Henry, duke of Bavaria and Saxony, son of Henry “the

Proud” (1129-1195).

Louis VIII., of France, born under the sign _Leo_ (1187, 1223-1226).

William of Scotland, who chose a red _lion rampant_ for his cognizance

(*, 1165-1214).

_Lion_ (_The Golden_), emblem of ancient Assyria. The bear was that of

ancient Persia.

Where is th’ Assyrian lion’s golden hide,

That all the East once grasped in lordly paw?

Where that great Persian bear, whose swelling pride

The lion’s self tore out with rav’nous jaw!

Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vii. (1633).

_Lion The_ (_Valiant_), Alep Arslan, son of Togrul Beg, the

Perso-Turkish monarch (*, 1062-1072).

=Lion Attending on Man.=

_Una_ was attended by a lion. Spenser says that Una was seeking St.

George, and as she sat to rest herself, a lion rushed suddenly out of a

thicket, with gaping mouth and lashing tail; but as it drew near, it was

awe-struck, licked her feet and hands, and followed her like a dog.

Sansloy slew the faithful beast.—_Faëry Queen_, I. iii. 42 (1590).

⁂ This is an allegory of the Reformation. The “lion” means England, and

“Una” means truth or the reformed religion. England (_the lion_) waited

on truth or the reformation. “Sansloy” means Queen Mary or false faith,

which killed the lion, or separated England from truth (or the true

faith). It might seem to some that Sansfoy should have been substituted

for Sansloy; but this could not be, because Sansfoy had been slain

already.

_Sir Ewain de Gallis_ or _Iwain de Galles_ was attended by a lion,

which, in gratitude to the knight, who had delivered it from a serpent,

ever after became his faithful servant, approaching the knight with

tears, and rising on its hind feet.

_Sir Geoffrey de Latour_ was aided by a lion against the Saracens; but

the faithful brute was drowned in attempting to follow the vessel in

which the knight had embarked on his departure from the Holy Land.

_St. Jerome_ is represented as attended by a lion. (See ANDROCLUS).

=Lion of God= (_The_), Ali, son-in-law of Mahomet. He was called at

birth “The Rugged Lion” (_al Haïdara_) (602, 655-661).

Hamza, called “The Lion of God and of His Prophet.” So Gabriel told

Mahomet his uncle was registered in heaven.

=Lion of Jonina=, Ali Pasha, overthrown in 1822 by Ibrahim Pasha (1741,

1788-1822).

=Lion of the North= (_The_), Gustavus Adolphus (1594, 1611-1632).

=Lion-Heart.= The legend says that Richard I. was called _Cœur de Lion_

because he plucked out a lion’s heart, to which beast he had been

exposed by the duke of Austria, for having slain his son.

=Lion King of Assyria=, Arioch _al Asser_ (B.C. 1927-1897).

=Lion Rouge=, (_Le_), Marshal Ney, who had red hair and red whiskers

(1769-1815).

=Lion-Tamer.= One of the most remarkable was Ellen Bright, who exhibited

in Wombwell’s menagerie. She was killed by a tiger in 1850.

=Lions= (_White and Red_). Prester John, in his letter to Manuel

Comnēnus, emperor of Constantinople, says his land is the “home of white

and red lions” (1165).

=Lionel and Clarissa=, an opera by Bickerstaff. Sir John Flowerdale has

a daughter named Clarissa, whose tutor is Lionel, an Oxford graduate.

Colonel Oldboy, his neighbor, has a son named Jessamy, a noodle and a

fop; and a daughter, Diana. A proposal is made for Clarissa Flowerdale

to marry Jessamy; but she despises the prig, and loves Lionel. After a

little embroglio, Sir John gives his consent to this match. Now for

Diana: Harmann, a guest of Oldboy’s, tells him he is in love, but that

the father of the lady will not consent to his marriage. Oldboy advises

him to elope, lends his carriage and horses, and writes a letter for

Harman, which he is to send to the girl’s father. Harman follows this

advice, and elopes with Diana; but Diana repents, returns home

unmarried, and craves her father’s forgiveness. The old Colonel yields,

the lovers are united, and Oldboy says he likes Harman the better for

his pluck and manliness.

=Lionell= (_Sir_), brother of Sir Launcelot, son of Ban, king of Benwick

(_Brittany_).

=Liones= (_3 syl._), daughter of Sir Persaunt, of Castle Perilous, where

she was held captive by Sir Ironside, the Red Knight of the Red Lands.

Her sister, Linet´, went to the Court of King Arthur to request that

some knight would undertake to deliver her from her oppressor; but as

she refused to give up the name of the lady, the king said no Knight of

the Round Table could undertake the quest. On this, a stranger,

nicknamed “Beaumains,” from the size and beauty of his hands, and who

had served in the kitchen for twelve months, begged to be sent, and his

request was granted. He was very scornfully treated by Linet; but

succeeded in overthrowing every knight who opposed him, and, after

combatting from dawn to sunset with Sir Ironside, made him also do

homage. The lady, being now free, married the “kitchen knight,” who was,

in fact, Sir Gareth, son of Lot, king of Orkney, and Linet married his

brother, Ga´heris. (See LYONORS, of Castle Perilous.)—Sir T. Malory,

_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 120-153 (1470).

=Li´onesse= (_3 syl._), _Lyonesse_, or _Lionés_, a tract of land between

Land’s End and the Scilly Isles, now submerged “full forty fathoms under

water.” It formed a part of Cornwall. Thus Sir Tristram de Lionês is

always called a Cornish knight. When asked his name, he tells Sir Kay

that he is Sir Tristram de Lionês; to which the seneschal answers, “Yet

heard I never in no place that any good knight came out of

Cornwall.”—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, ii. 56 (1470). See

LEONESSE.

⁂ Respecting the knights of Cornwall, Sir Mark, the king of Cornwall,

had thrown the whole district into bad odor. He was false, cowardly,

mean, and most unknightly.

=Lir.= _The Death of the Children of Lir._ This is one of the three

tragic stories of the ancient Irish. The other two are _The Death of the

Children of Touran_, and _The Death of the Children of Usnach_. (See

FIONNUALA.)—O’Flanagan, _Transactions of the Gaelic Society_, i.

⁂ Lir (_King_) father of Fionnuala. On the death of Fingula (the mother

of his daughter), he married the wicked Aoife, who, through spite,

transformed the children of Lir into swans, doomed to float on the water

for centuries, till they hear the first mass-bell ring. Tom Moore has

versified this legend.

Silent, O Moyle, be the roar of thy water;

Break not, ye breezes, your chain of repose—

While murmuring mournfully Lir’s lonely daughter

Tells to the night-star her tale of woes.

Moore, _Irish Melodies_ (“Song of Fionnuala,” 1814).

=Liris=, a proud but lovely daughter of the race of man, beloved by

Rubi, first of the angel host. Her passion was the love of knowledge,

and she was captivated by all her angel lover told her of heaven and the

works of God. At last she requested Rubi to appear before her in all his

glory, and, as she fell into his embrace, was burnt to ashes by the rays

which issued from him.—T. Moore, _Loves of the Angels_, ii. (1822.)

=Lisa=, an innkeeper’s daughter, who wishes to marry Elvi´no, a wealthy

farmer; but Elvino is in love with Ami´na. Suspicious circumstances make

Elvino renounce his true love and promise marriage to Lisa; but the

suspicion is shown to be causeless, and Lisa is discovered to be the

paramour of another. So Elvino returns to his first love, and Lisa is

left to Alessio, with whom she had been living previously.—Bellini’s

opera, _La Sonnambula_ (1831).

=Lisette.= _Les Infidélités de Lisette_ and _Les Gueux_ are the two

songs which, in 1813, gained for Béranger admission to the “Caveau,” a

club of Paris, established in 1729 and broken up in 1749, but

reestablished in 1806 and finally closed in 1817.

_Les Infidélités_ supposes that Béranger loved Lisette, who bestowed her

favors on sundry admirers; and Béranger, at each new proof of

infidelity, “drowned his sorrow in the bowl.”

Lizette, ma Lizette

Tu m’as trompé toujours;

Mais vive la grisette!

Je veux, Lizette.

Boire à nos amours.

_Les Infidélités de Lisette._

=Lismaha´go= (_Captain_), a superannuated officer on half-pay, who

marries Miss Tabitha Bramble for the sake of her £4000. He is a

hard-featured, forbidding Scotchman, singular in dress, eccentric in

manners, self-conceited, pedantic, disputatious, and rude. Though most

tenacious in argument, he can yield to Miss Tabitha, whom he wishes to

conciliate. Lismahago reminds one of Don Quixote, but is sufficiently

unlike to be original.—T. Smollett, _The Expedition of Humphry Clinker_

(1771).

=Lissardo=, valet to Don Felix. He is a conceited high-life-below-stairs

fop, who makes love to Inis and Flora.—Mrs. Centlivre, _The Wonder_

(1713).

Lee Lewes [1740-1803] played “Lissardo” in the style of his great master

[_Woodward_], and most divertingly.—Boaden, _Life of Mrs. Siddons_.

=Lis´uarte= (_The Exploits and Adventures of_), part of the series of

_Le Roman des Romans_, or that pertaining to “Am´adis of Gaul.” This

part was added by Juan Diaz.

=Litchfield= (_David_). Deaf, rich man, married to a wife young enough

to be his child. He thinks and feels much, but says little. His dry

humor, harmless cynicism, and benevolent schemes for the needy, make him

a man of mark. His mother-in-law, a manœuverer of the first water, bends

over his dying bed with strained solicitude, mentally reckoning up the

amount he will leave her daughter.

“He looked up in her face; he was almost smiling.

‘_A—watched—pot—never—boils!_’ he said, slowly and with difficulty, and

then once more closed his eyes.”

Ellen Olney Kirke, _A Daughter of Eve_ (1889).

=Literature= (_Father of Modern French_), Claude de Seyssel (1450-1520).

_Literature_ (_Father of German_), Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781).

=Littimer=, the painfully irreproachable valet of Steerforth; in whose

presence David Copperfield feels always most uncomfortably small. Though

as a valet he is propriety in Sunday best, he is nevertheless cunning

and deceitful. Steerforth, tired of “Little Em’ly,” wishes to marry her

to Littimer; but from this lot she is rescued, and migrates to

Australia.—C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).

=Little= (_Thomas_). Thomas Moore published, in 1808, a volume of

amatory poems under this _nom de plume_. The preface is signed J.H.H.H.

’Tis Little—young Catullus of his day,

As sweet but as immoral as his lay.

Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809).

=Little Corporal= (_The_). General Bonaparte was so called after the

battle of Lodi, in 1796, from his youthful age and low stature.

=Little Dorrit=, the heroine and title of a novel by C. Dickens (1857).

Little Dorrit was born and brought up in the Marshalsea prison,

Bermondsey, where her father was confined for debt; and when about 14

years of age she used to do needle work, to earn a subsistence for

herself and her father. The child had a pale, transparent face; quick in

expression, though not beautiful in feature. Her eyes were a soft hazel,

and her figure slight. The little dove of the prison was idolized by the

prisoners, and when she walked out, every man in Bermondsey who passed

her, touched or took off his hat out of respect to her good works and

active benevolence. Her father, coming into a property, was set free at

length, and little Dorrit married Arthur Clennam, the marriage service

being celebrated in the Marshalsea, by the prison chaplain.

=Little-Endians and Big-Endians=, two religious factions, which waged

incessant war with each other on the right interpretation of the

fifty-fourth chapter of the _Blun´decral_; “All true believers break

their eggs at the convenient end.” The god-father of Calin Deffar Plune,

the reigning emperor of Lilliput, happened to cut his finger while

breaking his egg at the _big_ end, and therefore commanded all faithful

Lilliputians to break their eggs in future at the _small_ end. The

Blefuscudians called this decree rank heresy, and determined to

exterminate the believers of such an abominable practice from the face

of the earth. Hundreds of treatises were published on both sides, but

each empire put all those books opposed to its own views into the _Index

Expurgatorius_, and not a few of the more zealous sort died as martyrs

for daring to follow their private judgement in the matter.—Swift,

_Gulliver’s Travels_ (“Voyage to Lilliput,” 1726).

=Little French Lawyer= (_The_), a comedy by Beaumont and Fletcher

(1647). The person so called is La Writ, a wrangling French advocate.

=Little Gentleman in Velvet= (_To the_), a favorite Jacobite toast in

the reign of Queen Anne. The reference is to the mole that raised the

hill against which the horse of William III. stumbled while riding in

the park of Hampton Court. By this accident the king broke his

collar-bone, a severe illness ensued, and he died early in 1702.

=Little= (_Henry_), young inventor and mechanic, persecuted by the

Trades Unions, driven to set up a forge in a disused church, and resort

to other means to conceal the fact that he is doing honest work in an

honest man’s way, carrying on a love affair at the same time. He is

nearly murdered by the emissaries of the “Union,” spirited away, and

comes to light again just in time to vindicate his loyalty to his

_fianceé_, who has been duped into a form of marriage with another

man.—Charles Reade, _Put Yourself in His Place_.

=Little John=, (whose surname was _Nailor_), the _fidus Achatês_ of

Robin Hood. He could shoot an arrow a measured mile and somewhat more.

So could Robin Hood; but no other man ever lived who could perform the

same feat. In one of the Robin Hood ballads we are told that the name of

this free-shooter was John Little, and that Wiliam Stutely, in merry

mood, reversed the names.

“O, here is my hand,” the stranger replyed;

“I’ll serve you with all my whole heart.

My name is John Little, a man of good mettle;

Ne’er doubt me, for I play my part.”

He was, I must tell you, full seven foot high,

And maybe an ell in the waste....

Brave Stutely said then....

“This infant was called John Little,” quoth he;

“Which name shall be changêd anon;

The words we’ll transpose, so wherever he goes

His name shall be called Little John.”

Ritson, _Robin Hood Ballads_, ii. 21 (before 1689).

_Little John_ (_Hugh_). John Hugh Lockhart, grandson of Sir W. Scott, is

so called by Sir Walter in his _Tales of a Grandfather_, written for his

grandson.

=Little Marlborough=, Count von Schwerin, a Prussian field-marshal and a

companion of the duke of Marlborough (1684-1757).

=Little Nell=, a child distinguished for her purity of character, though

living in the midst of selfishness, impurity, and crime. She was brought

up by her grandfather, who was in his dotage, and having lost his

property, tried to eke out a narrow living by selling lumber or

curiosities. At length, through terror of Quilp, the old man and his

grandchild stole away, and led a vagrant life, the one idea of both

being to get as far as possible from the reach of Quilp. They finally

settled down in a cottage overlooking a country churchyard, where Nell

died.—C. Dickens, _The Old Curiosity Shop_ (1840).

=Little Queen=, Isabella of Valois, who was married at the age of eight

years to Richard II. of England, and was a widow at 13 years of age

(1387-1410).

=Little Red Ridinghood.= “We must call you ‘Little Red Ridinghood!’”

said her mother, as she tied the pretty red hood under her little girl’s

chin. “Now take this cake and this bottle of wine to your grandmother,

and if you meet people on the way, wish them ‘good morning.’”

As Little Red Ridinghood went through the wood, she met Mr. Wolf, and

wished him “good morning!” “Good morning, little maid,” said he; “and

where are you going?” “I am going to my grandmother’s,” she said, “to

take her this cake and this bottle of wine.” “You are a nice little

girl,” said Mr. Wolf, “and I wish you good day!”

As Little Red Ridinghood went along, she said to herself: “I am sure it

would please my grandmother if I were to bring her a bunch of flowers!”

And in an open space, where the sun was shining, she found some nodding

columbines and some blue violets, and made a pretty nosegay.

Mr. Wolf waited till he saw Little Red Ridinghood busy gathering

flowers, and then he ran on ahead till he came to her grandmother’s

house. He tapped on the door, and grandmother said, “Who is there?” Then

Mr. Wolf made his voice as small as he could, and said: “I am Little Red

Ridinghood, and I have brought you a cake, and a bottle of wine!”

“Welcome, dear child!” said the grandmother. “Pull the bobbin, and the

latch will fly up.”

Then Mr. Wolf pulled the bobbin, and up flew the latch, and in he went;

and there lay the grandmother in the bed, for she was too old and feeble

to get up. Then Mr. Wolf ran to the bed, and seized the poor old

grandmother, and ate her up as quick as a wink. And he put her night-cap

on his head, and jumped into the bed, and pulled the clothes about his

ears.

Very soon Little Red Ridinghood came to the door and tapped, and Mr.

Wolf made his voice as small as he could, and said, “Who is there!” And

Little Red Ridinghood said: “It is I, dear grandmother, and I have

brought you a cake and a bottle of wine!”

“Welcome, dear child! ” squeaked Mr. Wolf. “Pull the bobbin, and the

latch will fly up!”

Then Little Red Ridinghood pulled the bobbin and up flew the latch, and

in she went, and thought she saw her grandmother lying on the bed. “Come

here, my dear,” said Mr. Wolf, “and sit by me, for I am old and feeble,

and cannot get up.” Then Little Red Ridinghood looked at her

grandmother, and said: “Why, grandmother, what big ears you have!” “The

better to hear you with,” said Mr. Wolf. “Why, grandmother, what big

eyes you have!” “The better to see you with, my dear!” “Why,

grandmother, what a big mouth you have!” “The better to eat you with, my

dear!” said Mr. Wolf, and with that he seized poor Little Red

Ridinghood, and ate her up in the twinkling of an eye.

=Littlejohn= (_Bailie_), a magistrate at Fairport.—Sir W. Scott, _The

Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Little Sister=, Caroline Gann, deserted wife of Brand Firmin.—W.M.

Thackeray, _Adventures of Philip_ (1860).

=Little Sunshine=, pet name bestowed upon Lily Davis, heroine of Bartley

Campbell’s play of the same name.

=Livy= (_The Russian_), Nicholas Michaelovitch Karamzin (1765-1826).

=Livy of France=, Juan de Mariana (1537-1624).

=Livy of Portugal=, Joào de Barros (1496-1570).

=Liz=, “slender slip of a creature” in the Lancashire coal region,

ignorant, emotional, weak, easily led, ready to err, unable to bear the

consequences of error, not strong enough to be resolutely wicked, nor

strong enough to be anything in particular, but that which her

surroundings make her. Naturally she sins, and is sorry. Joan Lowrie’s

strong hands lay hold of and hold her up. She relapses into vice, and

returns to die at Joan’s door.—Francis Hodgson Burnett, _That Lass o’

Lowrie’s_ (1877).

=Lizzie Hexam=, daughter of a disreputable waterman, Gaffer Hexam.

Devoted sister, and pure, lovely woman, who supports and educates

herself, and finally marries Eugene Wrayburn.—Charles Dickens, _Our

Mutual Friend_ (1861).

=Lla´ian=, the unwed mother of Prince Hoel. His father was Prince Hoel,

the illegitimate son of King Owen, of North Wales. Hoel, the father, was

slain in battle by his half-brother, David, successor to the throne; and

Llaian, with her young son, also called Hoel, accompanied Prince Madoc

to America.—Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).

=Llewel´lyn=, son of Yorwerth, and grandson of Owen, king of North

Wales. Yorwerth was the eldest son, but was set aside because he had a

blemish in the face, and his half-brother, David, was king. David began

his reign by killing or banishing all the family of his father who might

disturb his succession. Amongst those he killed was Yorwerth, in

consequence of which Llewellyn resolved to avenge his father’s death;

and his hatred against his uncle was unbounded.—Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).

=Lloyd= with an “L.”

One morning a Welsh coach-maker came with his bill to my lord [_The earl

of Brentford_]. “You called, I think, Mr. Lloyd?” “At your lordship’s

service, my lord.” “What! Lloyd with an ‘L?’” It was with an “L.” “In

your part of the world I have heard that Lloyd and Flloyd are

synonymous; is it so?” inquired his lordship. “Very often, indeed, my

lord,” was the reply. “You say that you spell your name with an ‘L?’”

“Always, my lord.” “That, Mr. Lloyd, is a little unlucky; for I am

paying my debts alphabetically, and in four or five years you might have

come in with the ‘F’s;’ but I am afraid I can give you no hopes for your

‘L.’ Good morning.”—S. Foote, _The Lame Lover_.

=L.N.R.=, _nom de plume_ of Mrs. Ranyard, authoress of _The Book and its

Story_, _The Missing Link_, etc. Died 1879.

=Loathly Lady= (_The_), a hideous creature, whom Sir Gaw´ain marries,

and who immediately becomes a beautiful woman.—_The Marriage of Sir

Gawain_ (a ballad).

The walls ... were clothed with grim old tapestry, representing the

memorable story of Sir Gawain’s wedding ... with the Loathly Lady.—Sir

W. Scott.

=Loba´ba=, one of the sorcerers in the caverns of Dom-Daniel, “under the

roots of the ocean.” These spirits were destined to be destroyed by one

of the race of Hodeirah, and therefore, they persecuted the whole of

that race even to death. Thala´ba, however, escaped their malice, and

became their destroyer. Okba tried to kill him, but failed. Abdaldar was

next sent against him, and would have struck the lad in prayer, but was

himself killed by a simoom. Lobāba was the third envoy sent to compass

his death. He assumed the guise of an old merchant, and beguiled the

young man into the wilderness, where he roused up a furious whirlwind;

but Thalaba was saved, and Lobaba himself fell a victim to the storm

which he had raised.—Southey, _Thalaba, the Destroyer_ (1797).

=Lochiel´= (_2 syl._). Sir Evan Cameron, lord of Lochiel, surnamed “The

Black” and “The Ulysses of the Highlands,” died 1719. His son, called

“The Gentle Lochiel,” is the one referred to by Thomas Campbell in

_Lochiel’s Warning_. He fought in the battle of Cullo´den for Prince

Charles, the Young Pretender (1746).

Lochiel, Lochiel, beware of the day

When the Lowlands shall meet thee in battle array!

For a field of the dead rushes red on my sight,

And the clans of Cullo´den are scattered in fight.

Campbell, _Lochiel’s Warning_,

And Cameron, in the shock of steel,

Die like the offspring of Lochiel.

Sir W. Scott, _Field of Waterloo_.

=Lochinvar´=, a young Highlander, in love with a lady at Netherby Hall

(condemned to marry a “laggard in love and a dastard in war”). Her young

chevalier induced the too-willing lassie to be his partner in a dance;

and while the guests were intent on their amusements, swung her into his

saddle and made off with her before the bridegroom could recover from

his amazement.—Sir W. Scott, _Marmion_ (1808).

=Lochleven= (_The Lady of_), mother of the Regent Murray.—Sir W. Scott,

_The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Lockit=, the jailer in Gay’s _Beggar’s Opera_. He was an inhuman brute,

who refused to allow Captain Macheath any more candles in his cell, and

threatened to clap on extra fetters, unless he supplied him with more

“garnish” (_jail fees_). Lockit loaded his prisoners with fetters in

inverse proportion to the fees which they paid, ranging “from one guinea

to ten.” (See LUCY.)—J. Gay, _The Beggar’s Opera_ (1727).

The quarrel between Peachum and Lockit was an allusion to a personal

collision between Walpole and his colleague, Lord Townsend.—R. Chambers,

_English Literature_, i. 571.

_Locksley_, _alias_ “Robin Hood,” an archer at the tournament (ch.

xiii.). Said to have been the name of the village where the outlaw was

born.—Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

=Locksley Hall=, a poem by Tennyson, in which the hero, the Lord of

Locksley Hall, having been jilted by his Cousin Amy for a rich boor,

pours forth his feelings in a flood of vehement scorn and indignation.

In his old age Tennyson took up the theme again, and wrote _Locksley

Hall Sixty Years After_.

=Locrine= (2 _syl._), father of Sabri´na, and eldest son of the mythical

Brutus, king of ancient Britain. On the death of his father, Locrine

became king of Loe´gria (_England_).

=Locusta=, a by-word of infamy. She lived in the early part of the Roman

Empire. Locusta poisoned Claudius and Britannicus, and attempted to

destroy Nero, but, being found out, was put to death.

=Loda= or =Cruth-Loda=, a Scandinavian god, which dwelt “on the misty

top of Uthorno ... the house of the spirits of men.” Fingal did not

worship at the “stone of this power,” but looked on it as hostile to

himself and friendly to his foes. Hence, when Loda appeared to him on

one occasion, Fingal knew it was with no friendly intent, and with his

sword he cleft the intrenched spirit in twain. Whereupon it uttered a

terrible shriek, which made the island tremble; and, “rolling itself up,

rose upon the wings of the wind,” and departed. (See MARS

WOUNDED).—Ossian, _Carric-Thura_.

(In _Oina-Moral_, “Loda” seems to be a place:

They stretch their hands to the shells _in_ Loda).

=Lodbrog=, king of Denmark (eighth century), famous for his wars and

victories. He was also an excellent scald or bard, like Ossian. Falling

into the hands of his enemies, he was cast into jail and devoured by

serpents.

=Lodois´ka= (4 _syl._), a beautiful Polish princess, in love with Count

Floreski. She is the daughter of Prince Lupauski, who places her under

the protection of a friend (Baron Lovinski) during a war between the

Poles and Tartars. Here her lover finds her a prisoner at large; but the

baron seeks to poison him. At this crisis, the Tartars arrive and invade

the castle. The baron is killed, the lady released, and all ends

happily.—J. P. Kembel, _Lodoiska_ (a melodrama).

=Lodo´na=, a nymph, fond of the chase. One day Pan saw her, and tried to

catch her; but she fled, and implored Cynthia to save her. Her prayer

was heard, and she was instantly converted into “a silver stream, which

ever keeps its virgin coolness.” Lodona is an affluent of the

Thames.—Pope, _Windsor Forest_ (1713).

=Lodovi´co=, kinsman to Brabantio, the father of Desdemona.—Shakespeare,

_Othello_ (1611).

=Lodovico= and =Piso=, two cowardly gulls.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The

Captain_ (1613).

=Lodowick=, the name assumed by the duke of Vienna, when he

retired for a while from State affairs, and dressed as a friar, to

watch the carrying out of a law recently enforced against

prostitution.—Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_ (1603).

=Loe´gria= (4 _syl._), England, the kingdom of Logris or Locrine, eldest

son of Brute, the mythical king of Britain.

Thus Cambria [_Wales_] to her right that would herself restore,

And rather than to lose Loëgria, looks for more.

M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612).

Il est écrit qu’il est une heure

Où tout le royaume de Logres,

Qui jadis fut la terre ès ogres

Sera détruit par cette lance.

Chrétien de Troyes, _Parzival_ (1170).

=Lofty=, a detestable prig, always boasting of his intimacy with people

of quality.—Goldsmith, _The Good-natured Man_ (1767).

_Lofty_ (_Sir Thomas_), a caricature of Lord Melcombe. Sir Thomas is a

man utterly destitute of all capacity, yet sets himself up for a

Mecænas, and is well sponged by needy scribblers, who ply him with

fulsome dedications.—Samuel Foote, _The Patron_.

=Log= (_King_), a _roi fainéant_. The frogs prayed to Jove to send them

a king, and the god threw a log into the pool, the splash of which

terribly alarmed them for a time; but they soon learnt to despise a

monarch who allowed them to jump upon its back, and never resented their

familiarities. The croakers complained to Jove for sending them so

worthless a king, and prayed him to send one more active and imperious;

so he sent them a stork, which devoured them.—_Æsop’s Fables._

=Logistil´la=, a good fairy, sister of Alci´na, the sorceress. She

taught Ruggie´ro (3 _syl._) to manage the hippogriff, and gave Astolpho

a magic book and horn. Logistilla is human reason personified.—Ariosto,

_Orlando Furioso_ (1516).

=Logothete= (_The_), or chancellor of the Grecian empire.—Sir W. Scott,

_Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Lohengrin=, “Knight of the Swan,” son of Parsival. He came to Brabante

in a ship drawn by a swan, and having liberated the Duchess Elsa, who

was a captive, he married her, but declined to reveal his name. Not long

after his marriage he went against the Huns and Saracens, performed

marvels of bravery, and returned to Germany covered with glory. Elsa,

being laughed at by her friends for not knowing the name of her husband,

resolved to ask him of his family; but no sooner had she done so than

the white swan re-appeared and carried him away.—Wolfram von Eschenbach

(a minnesinger, thirteenth century).

=L’Oiseleur= (“_the bird-catcher_”), the person who plays the magic

flute.—Mozart, _Die Zauberflöte_ (1791).

=Loki=, the god of strife and spirit of all evil. His wife is Angerbode

(4 _syl._), _i.e._ “messenger of wrath,” and his three sons are Fenris,

Midgard, and Hela. Loki gave the blind god Höder an arrow of mistletoe,

and told him to try it; so the blind Höder discharged the arrow and slew

Balder (the Scandinavian Apollo). This calamity was so grievous to the

gods, that they unanimously agreed to restore him to life

again.—_Scandinavian Mythology._

=Lolah=, one of the three beauties of the harem, into which Don Juan in

female disguise was admitted. She “was dusk as India and as warm.” The

other two were Katin´ka and Dudù.—Byron, _Don Juan_, vi. 40, 41 (1824).

=Lol´lius=, an author often referred to by writers of the Middle Ages,

but probably a “Mrs. Harris” of Kennotwhere.

Lollius, if a writer of that name existed at all, was a somewhat

somewhere.—Coleridge.

=London Antiquary= (_A_). John Camden Hotten published his _Dictionary

of Modern Slang, etc._, under this pseudonym.

=London Bridge is Built on Woolpacks.= In the reign of Henry II., Pious

Peter, a chaplain of St. Mary Colechurch, in the Poultry, built a stone

bridge in lieu of the wooden one which had been destroyed by fire. The

king helped him by a _tax on wool_, and hence the saying referred to

above.

=Long= (_Tom_), the hero of an old popular tale entitled _The Merry

Conceits of Tom Long, the Carrier, etc._

=Long Peter=, Peter Aartsen, the Flemish painter. He was so called from

his extraordinary height (1507-1573).

=Long-Sword= (_Richard_), son of the “fair Rosamond” and Henry II. His

brother was Geoffrey, archbishop of York.

Long-sword, the brave son of beauteous Rosamond.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xviii. (1613).

_Long-Sword,_ William I., of Normandy, son of Rollo, assassinated by the

count of Flanders (920-943).

=Long Tom Coffin=, a sailor of heroic character and most amiable

disposition, introduced by Fenimore Cooper, in his novel called _The

Pilot_. Fitzball has dramatized the story.

=Longaville= (3 _syl._), a young lord attending on Ferdinand, king of

Navarre. He promises to spend three years in study with the king, during

which time no woman is to approach the court; but no sooner has he

signed the compact than he falls in love with Maria. When he proposes to

her, she defers his suit for twelve months, and she promises to change

her “black gown for a faithful friend” if he then remains of the same

mind.

A man of sovereign parts he is esteemed;

Well fitted in the arts, glorious in arms;

Nothing becomes him ill, that he would well.

The only soil of his fair virtue’s gloss ...

Is a sharp wit matched with too blunt a will;

Whose edge hath power to cut, whose will still wills

It should none spare that come within his power.

Shakespeare, _Love’s Labor’s Lost_, act ii. sc. 1.

=Longchamp=, bishop of Ely, high justiciary of England during the

absence of King Richard Cœur de Lion.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_

(time, Richard I.).

=Longevity=. The following have exceeded a hundred years:—

THOMAS CAM (207!!), according to the parish register of St. Leonard’s

Church, Shoreditch, died January 22, 1588, aged 207 years. If so, he was

born 1381, in 4th Richard II., and died 13th Elizabeth.

THOMAS PARR (152), born 1483, died 1635.

HENRY JENKINS (169), born 1591, died 1760.

CATHARINE, countess of DESMOND (140), fifteenth century.

HENRY HASTINGS (102), forester to Charles I. (1537-1639).

HENRY EVANS (129), a Welshman (1642-1771).

JANE SCRIMSHAW (127), lived in the reigns of eight sovereigns

(1584-1711).

ALICE, of Philadelphia (116), born 1686, died 1802.

THOMAS LAUGHER, of Markley, Worcesshire (107), born 1700, died 1807. His

mother died at the age of 108.

MARGARET PATTEN or Batten, of Glasgow (136). She was born in the reign

of Elizabeth (1603), and died 1739. She was buried in St. Margaret’s,

Westminster, and a portrait of her is in St. Margaret’s workhouse.

In Shiffnal (Salop), St. Andrew’s Church, are these tablets:

WILLIAM WAKLEY (124), baptized at Idsall, otherwise Shiffnal, May 1,

1590; and was buried at Adbaston, November 28, 1714. He lived in the

reign of eight sovereigns.

MARY YATES (127), wife of Joseph Yates, of Lizard Common, Shiffnal, was

born 1649, and buried August 7, 1776. She walked to London just after

the fire in 1666, was hearty and strong at 120 years, and married, at 92

years of age, her third husband.

=Longius=, the name of the Roman soldier who pierced the crucified

Saviour with a spear. The spear came into the possession of Joseph of

Arimathea.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 41 (1470).

=Longomonta´nus= (_Christian_), of Jutland, a Danish astronomer

(1562-1647).

What did your Cardan [_an Italian astronomer_], and your Ptolemy, your

Messahalah and your Longomontanus, your harmony of chiromancy with

astrology?—W. Congreve, _Love for Love_, iv. (1695).

=Loningtoe= (_Mr._). Principal of the school-ship _Young America_, whose

first voyage is described in _Outward Bound_, by William T. Adams,

(Oliver Optic).

=Loose-Coat Field=. The battle of Stamford (1470) was so called, because

the men led by Lord Wells, being attacked by the Yorkists, threw off

their coats, that they might flee the faster.

Cast off their country’s coats, to haste their speed away.

Which “Loose-Coat Field” is called e’en to this day.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxii. (1622).

=Lo´pe de Vega= (_Felix_), a Spanish poet born at Madrid. He was one of

those who came in the famous “Armada” to invade England. Lope (2 _syl._)

wrote altogether 1800 tragedies, comedies, dramas, or religious pieces

called _autos sacramentales_ (1562-1635).

Her memory was a mine. She knew by heart

All Calderon and greater part of Lopé.

Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 11 (1819).

=Lopez=, the “Spanish curate.”—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Spanish

Curate_, (1622).

_Lopez_ (_Don_), a Portuguese nobleman, the father of Don Felix and

Donna Isabella.—Mrs. Centlivre, _The Wonder_ (1714).

=Lord=, a hunchback. (Greek, _lordos_, “crooked”).

=Lord Peter=. The pope is so called in Dr. Arbuthnot’s _History of John

Bull_. Swift, in his _Tale of a Tub_, introduces the three brothers,

Peter, John, and Martin, meaning the pope, Calvin, and Luther.

=Lord Strutt=. Charles II., of Spain, is so called by Dr. Arbuthnot, in

his _History of John Bull_ (1712).

Every one must remember the paroxysm of rage into which poor Lord Strutt

fell, on hearing that his runaway servant, Nic. Frog, his clothier, John

Bull, and his old enemy, Lewis Baboon, had come with quadrants, poles,

and ink-horns, to survey his estate, and to draw his will for

him.—Macaulay.

=Lord Thomas and Annet= had a lovers’ quarrel; whereupon, Lord Thomas,

in his temper, went and offered marriage to the nut-brown maid who had

houses and lands. On the wedding day, Annet went to the church, and Lord

Thomas gave her a rose, but the nut-brown maid killed her with a “bodkin

from her head-gear.” Lord Thomas, seeing Annet fall, plunged his dagger

into the heart of the murderess, and then stabbed himself. Over the

graves of Lord Thomas and the lair Annet grew “a bonny briar, and by

this ye may ken that they were lovers dear.” In some versions of this

story Annet is called “Elinor.”—Percy, _Reliques, etc._, III. iii.

=Lord of Crazy Castle=, John Hall Stevenson, author of _Crazy Tales_ (in

verse). J. H. Stevenson lived at Skelton Castle, which was nicknamed

“Crazy Castle” (1718-1780).

=Lord of the Isles=, Donald of Islay, who in 1346 reduced the Hebridês

under his sway. The title of “lord of the Isles” had been borne by

others for centuries before, was borne by Stevenson’s successors, and is

now one of the titles of the prince of Wales.

Sir W. Scott has a metrical romance entitled _The Lord of the Isles_

(1815).

=Loredani= (_Giacomo_), interpreter of King Richard I.—Sir W. Scott,

_The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

=Loreda´no= (_James_), a Venetian patrician, and one of the Council of

Ten. Loredano was the personal enemy of the Fos´cari.—Byron, _The Two

Foscari_ (1820).

=Lorelei=. Syren, fabled to dwell in the Rhine, and sitting on the

rocks, to lure by her song passers-by to destruction.

=Loren´zo=, a young man with whom Jes´sica, the daughter of the Jew,

Shylock, elopes.—Shakespeare, _The Merchant of Venice_ (1698).

_Lorenzo_, an atheist and reprobate, whose remorse ends in despair.—Dr.

Young, _Night Thoughts_ (1742-6).

⁂ Some affirm that Lorenzo is meant for the poet’s own son.

_Lorenzo_ (_Colonel_), a young libertine in Dryden’s drama, _The Spanish

Fryar_ (1680).

=Lorimer=, one of the guard at Ardenvohr Castle.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend

of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Loriot=, “the _confidante and servante_” of Louis XV. Loriot was the

inventor of lifts, by which tables descended, and rose again covered

with viands and vines.

The shifting sideboard plays its humble part,

Beyond the triumphs of a Loriot’s art.

S. Rogers, _Epistle to a Friend_ (1798).

=Lorma=, wife of Erragon, king of Sora, in Scandinavia. She fell in love

with Aldo, a Caledonian officer in the king’s army. The guilty pair

escaped to Morven, which Erragon forthwith invaded. Erragon encountered

Aldo in single combat, and slew him; was himself slain in battle by

Gaul, son of Morni; and Lorma died of grief.—Ossian, _The Battle of

Lora_.

=Lorn= (_M’Dougal of_), a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.—Sir W.

Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Lorna Doone=. Beautiful maiden brought up in the midst of the outlaw

Doones, and afterwards married to John Ridd.—R. D. Blackmore, _Lorna

Doone_.

=Lorrequer= (_Harry_), the hero and title of a military novel by Charles

Lever.

=Lor´rimite= (3 _syl._), a malignant witch, who abetted and aided

Ar´valan in his persecutions of Kail´yal, the beautiful and holy

daughter of Ladur´lad.—Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xi. (1809).

=Lorry= (_Jarvis_), one of the firm in Tellson’s bank, Temple Bar, and a

friend of Dr. Manette. Jarvis Lorry was orderly, precise and methodical,

but tender-hearted and affectionate.

He had a good leg and was a little vain of it. ... and his little sleek,

crisp, flaxen wig looked as if it was spun silk... His face, habitually

suppressed and quiet, was lighted up by a pair of moist, bright eyes.—C.

Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_, i. 4 (1859).

=Losberne= (2 _syl._), the medical man called in by Mrs. Maylie to

attend Oliver Twist, after the attempted burglary by Bill Sikes and his

associates.—C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).

=Lot=, consul of Londonesia, and afterwards king of Norway. He was

brother of Urian and Augusel, and married Anne (own sister of King

Arthur), by whom he had two sons, Walgan and Modred.—Geoffrey, _British

History_, viii. 21; ix. 9, 10 (1142).

⁂ This account differs so widely from that of Arthurian romance, that it

is not possible to reconcile them. In the _History of Prince Arthur_,

Lot, king of Orkney, marries Margawse, the “sister of King Arthur” (pt.

i. 2). Tennyson, in his _Gareth and Lynette_, says that Lot’s wife was

Bellicent. Again, the sons of Lot are called, in the _History_, Gaw´ain,

Agravain, Ga´heris, and Gareth; Mordred is their half-brother, being the

son of King Arthur and the same mother.—Sir T. Malory, _History of

Prince Arthur_, i. 2, 35, 36 (1470).

_Lot_, king of Orkney. According to the _Morte d’Arthur_, King Lot’s

wife was Margawse or Morgawse, sister of King Arthur, and their sons

were Sir Gaw´ain, Sir Ag´ravain, Sir Ga´heris, and Sir Gareth.—Sir T.

Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 36 (1470).

Once or twice Elain is called the wife of Lot, but this is a mistake.

Elain was Arthur’s sister, by the same mother, and was the wife of Sir

Nentres, of Carlot. Mordred was the son of Morgawse, by her brother

Arthur, and consequently Gawain, Agravain, Gaheris, and Gareth were his

half-brothers.

_Lot_, king of Orkney. According to Tennyson, King Lot’s wife was

Bellicent, daughter of Gorloïs, lord of Tintag´il Castle, in Cornwall,

and Lot was the father of Gaw´ain (2 _syl._) and Modred. This account

differs entirely from the _History of Prince Arthur_, by Sir T. Malory.

There the wife of Lot is called Margawse or Morgawse (Arthur’s sister).

Geoffrey of Monmouth, on the other hand, calls her Anne (Arthur’s

sister). The sons of Lot, according to the _History_, were Gawain,

Agravain, Gaheris, and Gareth; Modred or Mordred being the offspring of

Morgawse and Arthur. This ignoble birth the _History_ assigns as the

reason of Mordred’s hatred to King Arthur, his adulterous father and

uncle. Lot was subdued by King Arthur, fighting on behalf of Leodogran

or Leodogrance, king of Cam´eliard.—See Tennyson, _Coming of Arthur_.

=Lot’s Wife=, Wâhela, who was confederate with the men of Sodom, and

gave them notice when any stranger came to lodge in the house. Her sign

was smoke by day and fire by night. Lot’s wife was turned into a pillar

of salt.—Jallâlo´ddin, _Al Zamakh_.

=Lothair=. Young English gentleman, the hero of the once-famous

political novel of the same name, by Benjamin Disraeli (_Lord

Beaconsfield_). The action of the story turns chiefly upon the

vacillation of Lothair between the claims of the Roman Catholic and of

the English Church. He decides to unite himself with the latter.

=Lotha´rio=, a noble cavalier of Florence, the friend of Anselmo.

Anselmo induced him to put the fidelity of his wife, Camilla, to the

test, that he might rejoice in her incorruptible virtue; but Camilla was

not trial-proof, and eloped with Lothario. Anselmo then died of grief,

Lothario was slain in battle, and Camilla died in a convent.—Cervantes,

_Don Quixote_, I. iv. 5, 6 (“Fatal Curiosity,” 1605).

_Lothario_, a young Genoese nobleman, “haughty, gallant, gay, and

perfidious.” He seduced Calista, daughter of Sciol´to (3 _syl._), a

Genoese nobleman, and was killed in a duel by Altamont, the husband.

This is the “gay Lothario,” which has become a household word for a

libertine and male coquette.—N. Rowe, _The Fair Penitent_ (1703).

Is this the haughty, gallant, gay Lothario?

Rowe, _The Fair Penitent_.

⁂ _The Fair Penitent_ is taken from Massinger’s _Fatal Dowry_, in which

Lothario is called “Novall, Junior.”

=Lothian= (Scotland). So named from Llew, second son of Arthur; also

called Lotus and Lothus. Arthur’s eldest son was Urian, and his youngest

Arawn.

⁂ In some legends, Lothian is made the father of Modred or Medraut,

leader of the rebellious army which fought at Camlan, A.D. 537, in which

Arthur received his death-wound; but in Malory’s collection, called _The

History of Prince Arthur_, Modred is called the son of Arthur by his own

sister, the wife of King Lot.

=Lotte= (2 _syl._), a young woman of strong affections and domestic

winning ways, the wife of Albert, a young German farmer. Werther loved

Lotte when she was only betrothed to Albert, and continued to love her

after she became a young wife. His mewling and puling after this

“forbidden fruit,” which terminates in suicide, make up the sum and

substance of the tale, which is told in the form of letters addressed to

divers persons.—Goethe, _Sorrows of Werther_ (1774).

“Lotte” was Charlotte Buff, who married Kestner, Goethe’s friend, the

“Albert” of the novel. Goethe was in love with Charlotte Buff, and her

marriage with Kestner soured the temper of his over-sensitive mind.

=Lotus-Eaters= or _Lotoph´agi_, a people who ate of the lotus tree, the

effect of which was to make them forget their friends and homes, and to

lose all desire of returning to their native land. The lotus-eater only

cares to live in ease, luxury, and idleness.—Homer, _Odyssey_, xi.

⁂ Tennyson has a poem called _The Lotos-Eaters_, a set of islanders who

live in a dreamy idleness, weary of life and regardless of all its

stirring events.

=Louis=, duc d’Orléans.—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward

IV.).

=Louis de Bourbon=, the prince-bishop of Liège [_Le.age_].—Sir W. Scott,

_Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Louis IX.=. The sum of the figures which designate the birth-date of

this king will give his titular number. Thus, he was born in 1215, the

sum of which figures is 9. This is true of several other kings. This

discovery might form an occasional diversion on a dull evening. (See

Louis XIV. and XVIII.).

=Louis XI.=, of France, introduced by Sir W. Scott in two novels,

_Quentin Durward_ and _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

Crafty, ambitious and cruel. He was the first monarch to establish

post-offices in France (1435-1483).

⁂ In _Quentin Durward_ he appears first disguised as Maitre Pierre, a

merchant.

=Louis XIII.=, of France, “infirm in health, in mind more feeble, and

Richelieu’s plaything.”—Lord Lytton, _Richelieu_ (1839).

=Louis XIV.= It is rather remarkable that the number 14 is obtained by

adding together the figures of his age at death, the figures which make

the date of his coronation, and the figures of the date of his death.

For example:

Age 77, which added together = 14.

Crowned 1643, which added together = 14.

Died 1715, which added together = 14.

_Louis XIV. and La Vallière_. Louis XIV. fell in love with La Vallière,

a young lady in the queen’s train. He overheard the ladies chatting. One

said, “How handsome looks the duke de Guiche to-night?” Another said,

“Well to my taste, the graceful Grammont bears the bell from all.” A

third remarked, “But then that charming Lauzun has so much wit.” But La

Vallière said, “I scarcely marked them. When the king is by, who can

have eyes, or ears, or thought for others?” and when the others chaffed

her, she replied:

Who spoke of love?

The sunflower, gazing on the lord of heaven,

Asks but its sun to shine. Who spoke of love?

And who would wish the bright and lofty Louis

To stoop from glory?

Act i. 5.

Louis degraded this ethereal spirit into a “soiled dove,” and when she

fled to a convent to quiet remorse, he fetched her out and took her to

Versailles. Wholly unable to appreciate such love as that of La

Vallière, he discarded her for Mde. de Montespan, and bade La Vallière

marry some one. She obeyed the selfish monarch in word, by taking the

veil of a Carmelite nun.—Lord Lytton, _The Duchess de la Vallière_

(1836).

_Louis XIV. and his Coach_. It was Lord Stair and not the duke of

Chesterfield whom the _Grand Monarque_ commended for his tact in

entering the royal carriage before his majesty, when politely bidden by

him so to do.

=Louis XVIII.=, nicknamed _Des-huî-tres_, because he was a great feeder,

like all the Bourbons, and especially fond of oysters. Of course the pun

is on _dixhuit_ (18).

As in the case of Louis IX.(_q.v._), the sum of the figures which

designate the birth-date of Louis XVIII. give his titular number. Thus,

he was born in 1755, which added together equal 18.

=Louis Philippe=, of France. It is somewhat curious that the year of his

birth, or the year of the queen’s birth, or the year of his flight,

added to the year of his coronation, will give the year 1848, the date

of his abdication. He was born 1773, his queen was born 1782, his flight

was in 1809; whence we get:

1830 1830 1830 year of coronation.

1 } 1 } 1 }

7 } birth. 7 } queen’s 8 } flight.

7 } 8 } birth. 0 }

3 } 2 } 9 }

—— —— ——

1848 1848 1848 year of abdication.

(See NAPOLEON III. for a somewhat similar coincidence).

=Louisa=, daughter of Don Jerome, of Seville, in love with Don Antonio.

Her father insists on her marrying Isaac Mendoza, a Portuguese Jew, and,

as she refuses to obey him, he determines to lock her up in her chamber.

In his blind rage, he makes a great mistake, for he locks up the duenna,

and turns his daughter out of doors. Isaac arrives, is introduced to the

locked-up lady, elopes with her, and marries her. Louisa takes refuge in

St. Catherine’s Convent, and writes to her father for his consent to her

marriage with the man of her choice. As Don Jerome takes it for granted

she means Isaac, the Jew, he gives his consent freely. At breakfast-time

it is discovered by the old man that Isaac has married the duenna, and

Louisa, Don Antonio; but Don Jerome is well pleased and fully

satisfied.—Sheridan, _The Duenna_ (1775).

Mrs. Mattocks (1745-1826) was the first “Louisa.”

_Louisa_, daughter of Russet, bailiff to the duchess. She was engaged to

Henry, a private in the king’s army. Hearing a rumor of gallantry to the

disadvantage of her lover, she consented to put his love to the test by

pretending that she was about to marry Simkin. When Henry heard thereof,

he gave himself up as a deserter, and was condemned to death. Louisa

then went to the king to explain the whole matter, and returned with the

young man’s pardon just as the muffled drums began the death

march.—Dibdin, _The Deserter_ (1770).

=Louise=, (2 _syl._), the glee-maiden.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of

Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Louise= [=de Lascours=], wife of Ralph, captain of the _Uran´ia_, and

mother of Martha (afterwards called Orgari´ta). Louise de Lascours

sailed with her infant daughter and her husband in the _Urania_. Louise

and the captain were drowned by the breaking up of an iceberg; but

Martha was rescued by some wild Indians, who brought her up, and called

her name Orgarita (“withered wheat”).—E. Stirling, _Orphan of the Frozen

Sea_ (1856).

=Louisiana= (_Rogers_). Pretty, untrained daughter of a plain planter. A

city woman takes a fancy to try an experiment upon her, invites her to

visit her at the Springs, coaches her in etiquette and conceals her name

and origin. Louisiana confides the result to the father of whom she has

been ashamed:

“I was not bad quite enough to see them cast a slight on _you_.... I

told them the truth—that you were my father, and that I loved you and

was proud of you—that I might be ashamed of myself and all the rest, but

not of you—never of you—for I wasn’t worthy to kiss your feet!”—Frances

Hodgson Burnett, _Louisiana_ (1889).

=Loupgarou=, leader of the army of giants in alliance with the Dipsodes

(2 _syl._). As he threatened to make mincemeat of Pantag´ruel, the

prince gave him a kick which overthrew him, then, lifting him up by his

ankles, he used him a quarter-staff. Having killed all the giants in the

hostile army, Pantagruel flung the body of Loupgarou on the ground, and

by so doing crushed a tom-cat, a tabby, a duck, and a brindled

goose.—Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 29 (1533).

=Louponheight= (_The young laird of_), at the ball at Middlemas.—Sir W.

Scott, _The Surgeon’s Daughter_ (time, George II.).

=Lourdis=, an idiotic scholar of Sorbonne.

De la Sorbonne un Docteur amoureux

Disoit ung jour à sa dame rebelle;

“Je ne puis rien meriter de vous, belle” ...

Arguo sic: “Si magister Lourdis

De sa Catin meriter ne peut rien;

Ergo ne peut meriter paradis,

Car, pour le moins, paradis la vaut bien.”

Marot, _Epigram_.

When Doctor Lourdis cried, in humble spirit,

The hand of Kath’rine he could never merit,

“Then heaven to thee,” said Kate, “can ne’er be given,

For less my worth, you must allow, than heaven.”

=Lourie= (_Tam_), the innkeeper at Marchthorn.—Sir W. Scott, _St.

Ronan’s Well_ (time, George II.).

=Love=, patient, meek wife of Freedom Wheeler, who sinks—still

meekly—into the grave, after disappointing him in his desire to have a

son called by his and his father’s name.—Rose Terry Cooke, _Freedom

Wheeler’s Controversy_.

_Love_, a drama by S. Knowles (1840). The Countess Catherine is taught

by a serf named Huon, who is her secretary, and falls in love with him;

but her pride struggles against such an unequal match. The duke, her

father, hearing of his daughter’s love, commands Huon, on pain of death,

to marry Catherine, a freed serf. He refuses; but the countess herself

bids him obey. He plights his troth to Catherine, supposing it to be

Catherine, the quondam serf, rushes to the wars, obtains great honors,

becomes a prince, and then learns that the Catherine he has wed is the

duke’s daughter.

_Love_, or rather affection, according to Plato, is disposed in the

liver.

Within, some say, Love hath his habitation;

Not Cupid’s self, but Cupid’s better brother;

For Cupid’s self dwells with a lower nation,

But this, more sure, much chaster than the other.

Ph. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_ (1633).

_Love_. “_Man’s_ love is of man’s life a thing apart; ’tis _woman’s_

whole existence.”—Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 194 (1819).

_Love_.

’Tis better to have loved and lost,

Than never to have loved at all.

Tennyson, _In Memoriam_, xxvii.

Thomas Moore, in his _Irish Melodies_, expresses an opposite opinion:

Better far to be

In endless darkness lying

Than be in light and see

That light forever flying.

_All that’s Bright must Fade_.

_Love_. _All for Love or the World Well Lost_, a tragedy by Dryden, on

the same subject as Shakespeare’s _Antony and Cleopatra_ (1679).

=Love á-la-Mode=, by C. Macklin (1779). The “love _à-la-mode_” is that

of fortune-hunters. Charlotte Goodchild is courted by a Scotchman “of

ponderous descent,” an Italian Jew broker of great fortune, and an

Irishman in the Prussian army. It is given out that Charlotte has lost

her money through the bankruptcy of Sir Theodore Goodchild, her

guardian. Upon this, the _à-la-mode_ suitors withdraw, and leave Sir

Callaghan O’Brallaghan, the true lover, master of the situation. The

tale about the bankruptcy is, of course, a mere myth.

=Love-Chase= (_The_), a drama by S. Knowles (1837). Three lovers chased

three beloved ones, with a view to marriage. (1) Waller loves Lydia,

lady’s maid to Widow Green, but in reality the sister of Trueworth. She

quitted home to avoid a hateful marriage, and took service for the nonce

with Widow Green. (2) Wildrake loves Constance, daughter of Sir William

Fondlove. (3) Sir William Fondlove, aged 60, loves Widow Green, aged 40.

The difficulties to be overcome were these: The social position of Lydia

galled the aristocratic pride of Waller, but love won the day. Wildrake

and Constance sparred with each other, and hardly knew they loved till

it dawned upon them that each might prefer some other, and then they

felt that the loss would be irreparable. Widow Green set her heart on

marrying Waller; but as Waller preferred Lydia, she accepted Sir William

for better or worse.

=Love Doctor= (_The_), _L’Amour Médecin_, a comedy by Molière (1665).

Lucinde, the daughter of Sganarelle, is in love, and the father calls in

four doctors to consult upon the nature of her malady. They see the

patient, and retire to consult together, but talk about Paris, about

their visits, about the topics of the day; and when the father enters to

know what opinion they have formed, they all prescribe different

remedies, and pronounce different opinions. Lisette then calls in a

“quack” doctor (Clitandre, the lover), who says that he must act on the

imagination, and proposes a seeming marriage, to which Sganarelle

assents, saying, “Voila un grand médecin.” The assistant, being a

notary, Clitandre and Lucinde are formally married.

⁂ This comedy is the basis of the _Quack Doctor_, by Foote and

Bickerstaff, only in the English version Mr. Ailwood is the patient.

=Love in a Village=, an opera by Isaac Bickerstaff. It contains two

plots: the loves of Rosetta and young Meadows, and the loves of Lucinda

and Jack Eustace. The entanglement is this: Rosetta’s father wanted her

to marry young Meadows, and Sir William Meadows wanted his son to marry

Rosetta; but as the young people had never seen each other, they turned

restive and ran away. It so happened that both took service with Justice

Woodcock—Rosetta as chamber-maid, and Meadows as gardener. Here they

fell in love with each other, and ultimately married, to the delight of

all concerned. The other part of the plot is this:

Lucinda was the daughter of Justice Woodcock, and fell in love with Jack

Eustace while nursing her sick mother, who died. The justice had never

seen the young man, but resolutely forbade the connection; whereupon

Jack Eustace entered the house as a music-master, and, by the kind

offices of friends, all came right at last.

=Love Makes a Man=, a comedy concocted by Colley Cibber, by welding

together two of the comedies of Beaumont and Fletcher, viz., the _Elder

Brother_ and the _Custom of the Country_. Carlos, a young student (son

of Antonio), sees Angelina, the daughter of Charino, and falls in love

with her. His character instantly changes, and the modest, diffident

bookworm becomes energetic, manly, and resolute. Angelina is promised by

her father to Clodio, a coxcomb, the younger brother of Carlos; but the

student elopes with her. They are taken captives, but meet after several

adventures, and become duly engaged. Clodio, who goes in search of the

fugitives, meets with Elvira, to whom he engages himself, and thus

leaves the field open to his brother Carlos.

=Love’s Labor’s Lost.= Ferdinand, king of Navarre, with three lords

named Biron, Dumain, and Longaville, agreed to spend three years in

study, during which time no woman was to approach the court. Scarcely

had they signed the compact, when the princess of France, attended by

Rosaline, Maria, and Katharine, besought an interview respecting

certain debts said to be due from the king of France to the king of

Navarre. The four gentlemen fell in love with the four ladies: the

king with the princess, Biron with Rosaline, Longaville with Maria,

and Dumain with Katharine. In order to carry their suits, the four

gentlemen, disguised as Muscovites, presented themselves before the

ladies; but the ladies, being warned of the masquerade, disguised

themselves also, so that the gentlemen in every case addressed the

wrong lady. However, it was at length arranged that the suits should

be deferred for twelve months and a day; and if, at the expiration of

that time, they remained of the same mind, the matter should be taken

into serious consideration.—Shakespeare, _Love’s Labor’s Lost_ (1594).

=Loves of the Angels=, the stories of three angels, in verse, by T.

Moore (1822). The stories are founded on the Eastern tale of _Harût and

Marût_, and the rabbinical fictions of the loves of _Uzziel and

Shamchazai._

1. The first angel fell in love with Lea, whom he saw bathing. She

returned love for love, but his love was carnal, her’s heavenly. He

loved the woman, she loved the angel. One day, the angel told her the

spell-word which opens the gates of heaven. She pronounced it, and rose

through the air into paradise, while the angel became imbruted, being no

longer an angel of light, but “of the earth, earthy.”

2. The second angel was Rubi, one of the seraphs. He fell in love with

Liris, who asked him to come in all his celestial glory. He did so; and

she, rushing into his arms, was burnt to death; but the kiss she gave

him became a brand on his face for ever.

3. The third angel was Zaraph, who loved Nama. It was Nama’s desire to

love without control, and to love holily: but as she had fixed her love

on a creature, and not on the Creator, both she and Zaraph were doomed

to live among the things that perish, till this mortal is swallowed up

of immortality, when Nama and Zaraph will be admitted into the realms of

everlasting love.

=Lovegold=, the miser, an old man of 60, who wants to marry Mariana, his

son’s sweetheart. In order to divert him from this folly, Mariana

pretends to be very extravagant, and orders a necklace and ear-rings for

£3000, a petticoat and gown from a fabric £12 a yard, and besets the

house with duns. Lovegold gives £2000 to be let off the bargain, and

Mariana marries the son.—A. Fielding, _The Miser_ a (_réchauffé_ of

_L’Avare_, by Molière).

=Love´good= (_2 syl._), uncle to Valentine, the gallant who will not be

persuaded to keep his estate.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _Wit without Money_

(1639).

=Lovel=, once the page of Lord Beaufort, in love with Lady Frances; but

he concealed his love because young Beaufort “cast his affections first

upon the lady.”—Murphy, _The Citizen_ (1757).

_Lovel_ (_Lord_), the bridegroom who lost his bride on the wedding day

from playing hide-and-seek. The lady hid in an old oak chest, the lid of

which fell on her and closed with a spring-lock. Many years afterwards

the chest was sold, and the skeleton of the maiden revealed the mystery

of her disappearance.—T. H. Bayley, _The Mistletoe Bough_.

Samuel Rogers has introduced this story in his _Italy_ (pt. i. 18,

1822). He says the bride was Ginevra, only child of Orsini, “an

indulgent father;” and that the bridegroom was Francesco Doria, “her

playmate from birth, and her first love.” The chest, he says, was an

heirloom, “richly carved by Antony, of Trent, with Scripture stories

from the life of Christ.” It came from Venice, and had “held the ducal

robes of some old ancestors.” After the accident, Francesco, weary of

life, flew to Venice, and “flung his life away in battle with the

Turks;” Orsini went deranged, and spent the life-long day “wandering in

quest of something he could not find.” It was fifty years afterwards

that the skeleton was discovered in the chest.

Collet, in his _Relics of Literature_, gives a similar story.

In the _Causes Célèbres_ is another example.

A similar story is attached to Marwell Old Hall, once the residence of

the Seymours, and subsequently of the Dacre family, and “the very

chest is now the property of the Rev. J. Haygarth, rector of

Upham.”—_Post-Office Directory_.

The same tale is told of a chest in Bramshall, Hampshire; and also of a

chest in the great house at Malsanger, near Basingstoke.

_Lovel_ (_Lord_), in Clara Reeve’s tale called _The Old English Baron_,

appears as a ghost in the obscurity of a dim religious light (1777).

_Lovel_ (_Peregrine_), a wealthy commoner, who suspects his servants of

wasting his substance in riotous living; so, giving out that he is going

down to his country seat in Devonshire, he returns in the disguise of an

Essex bumpkin, and places himself under the care of Philip, the butler,

to be taught the duties of a gentleman’s servant. Lovel finds that

Philip has invited a large party to supper, that the servants assembled

assume the titles and airs of their masters and mistresses, and that the

best wines of the cellar are set before them. In the midst of the

banquet, he appears before the party in his real character, breaks up

the revel, and dismisses all the household, except Tom, whom he places

in charge of the cellar and plate.—Rev. J. Townley, _High Life Below

Stairs_ (1759).

_Lovel_ (_William_), the hero of a German novel so called, by Ludwig

Tieck (1773-1853). (See LOVELL).

=Love´lace= (_2 syl._), the chief male character in Richardson’s novel

of _Clarissa Harlowe_. He is rich, proud, and crafty; handsome, brave,

and gay; the most unscrupulous but finished libertine; always

self-possessed, insinuating and polished (1749).

“Lovelace” is as great an improvement on “Lothario,” from which it was

drawn, as Rowe’s hero [in the _Fair Penitent_] had been on the vulgar

rake of Massinger.—_Encyc. Brit._, Art. “Romance.”

_Lovelace_ (_2 syl._), a young aristocrat, who angles with flattery for

the daughter of Mr. Drugget, a rich London tradesman. He fools the

vulgar tradesman to the top of his bent, and stands well with him; but,

being too confident of his influence, demurs to the suggestion of the

old man to cut two fine yew trees at the head of the carriage drive into

a Gog and Magog. Drugget is intensely angry, throws off the young man,

and gives his daughter to a Mr. Woodley.—A. Murphy, _Three Weeks after

Marriage_.

=Love´less= (_The Elder_), suitor to “The Scornful Lady” (no name

given).

_The Younger Loveless_, a prodigal.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Scornful

Lady_ (1616).

_Loveless_ (_Edward_), husband of Amanda. He pays undue attention to

Berinthia, a handsome young widow, his wife’s cousin; but, seeing the

folly of his conduct, he resolves in future to devote himself to his

wife with more fidelity.—Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_ (1777).

=Lovell= (_Benjamin_), a banker, proud of his ancestry, but with a

weakness for gambling.

_Elsie Lovell_, his daughter, in love with Victor Orme, the poor

gentleman.—Wybert Reeve, _Parted_.

_Lovell_ (_Lord_). Sir Giles Overreach fully expected that his lordship

would marry his daughter Margaret; but he married Lady Allworth, and

assisted Margaret in marrying Tom Allworth, the man of her choice. (See

LOVEL).—Massinger, _A New Way to Pay Old Debts_ (1628).

=Lovely Obscure= (_The_), Am´adis of Gaul. Same as Belten´ebros.

The great Amădis, when he assumed the name of “The Lovely Obscure,”

dwelt either eight years or eight months, I forget which, upon a naked

rock, doing penance for some unkindness shown him by the Lady Oria´na.

[_The rock is called_ “_The Poor Rock_.”]—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I.

iii. 1 (1605).

=Love´more= (_2 syl._), a man fond of gaiety and pleasure, who sincerely

loves his wife; but, finding his home dull, and that his wife makes no

effort to relieve its monotony, seeks pleasure abroad, and treats his

wife with cold civility and formal politeness. He is driven to intrigue,

but, being brought to see its folly acknowledges his faults, and his

wife resolves “to try to keep him” by making his home more lively and

agreeable.

_Mrs. Lovemore_ (_2 syl._), wife of Mr. Lovemore, who finds if “she

would keep her husband” to herself, it is not enough to “be a prudent

manager, careless of her own comforts, not much given to pleasure;

grave, retired, and domestic; to govern her household, pay the

tradesman’s bills, and love her husband;” but to these must be added

some effort to please and amuse him, and to make his home bright and

agreeable to him.—A. Murphy, _The Way to Keep Him_ (1760).

=Lovers= (_Romantic_). The favorites of distinguished men:

ARISTOTLE and Hepyllis.

BOCCACCIO and Fiammetta [_Maria_, daughter of Robert of Naples].

BURNS and Highland Mary [either _Mary Campbell_ or _Mary Robinson_].

BYRON and Teresa [Guiccioli].

CATULLUS and the Lady Clodia, called “Lesbia.”

CHARLES II. of England and Barbara Villiers [duchess of Cleveland];

Louise Renée de Kerouaille [duchess of Portsmouth]; and Nell Gwynne.

CHARLES VII. of France and Agnes Sorel.