Reproduction and Development

Since the cloud forests inhabited by _Ptychohyla_ are daily bathed in

clouds and have a fairly evenly distributed rainfall throughout the

year, the frogs living in these forests are active throughout the

year. At least some of the species evidently have a long breeding

season, for I found calling males of _P. leonhardschultzei_ in

February, March, and August, and found tadpoles in February, March,

June, and August. Tadpoles of the various species have been obtained

throughout much of the year, as follows: _P. euthysanota euthysanota_,

February, March, May, and July; _P. euthysanota macrotympanum_, March,

June, and August; _P. spinipollex_, February, March, April, June,

July, and August; _P. schmidtorum schmidtorum_, March, May, June,

July, and August; _P. schmidtorum chamulae_, June and August; _P.

ignicolor_, June. I suspect that this temporal distribution more

accurately reflects the seasonal activities of collectors than of the

frogs.

Calling frogs usually are on vegetation adjacent to or overhanging

streams; some calling males of _P. spinipollex_ were on rocks in or by

streams. Clasping pairs of _P. euthysanota_ and _P. schmidtorum_ were

observed on vegetation by streams. Despite intensive search, no eggs

were found. It is doubtful if _Ptychohyla_ deposit eggs on vegetation

overhanging streams, as do centrolenids and _Phyllomedusa_, for

egg-clutches of these frogs are easily found. Possibly the eggs are

laid separately on vegetation above the stream, in which case they

could be overlooked easily. In streams where _Ptychohyla_ and other

hylid tadpoles occur, empty egg capsules have been found on the lee

sides of rocks, but there is no way to determine which species laid

the eggs.

Numbers of eggs were counted in gravid females; the largest eggs have

diameters ranging from 2.5 to 3.0 mm. The smaller species, comprising

the _Ptychohyla schmidtorum_ group, have fewer eggs than do the larger

species. Numbers of eggs found in females of the various species are:

_P. euthysanota euthysanota_, 108; _P. euthysanota macrotympanum_, 136,

160; _P. leonhardschultzei_, 141; _P. spinipollex_, 119, 134, 143;

_P. schmidtorum schmidtorum_, 59, 61, 90; _P. schmidtorum chamulae_,

60, 71, 89.

Duration of the larval stage is unknown. Metamorphosing young have

been found from May through August. From two to six completely

metamorphosed young are available for each of the species, except for

_P. ignicolor_ of which none is available. The smallest young frog is

a _P. euthysanota_ having a snout-vent length of 14.2 mm.; the largest

young frog is a _P. schmidtorum schmidtorum_ having a snout-vent

length of 17.0 mm.

A Review of the Middle American Tree Frogs of the Genus Ptychohyla · 第 29 / 36 题