1. Lips greatly expanded forming a funnel-shaped mouth;
tooth-rows 3/3 _P. schmidtorum_ group--2
Lips folded laterally, not forming a funnel-shaped mouth;
tooth-rows 4/6 or more _P. euthysanota_ group--4
2. Belly and mouth mottled; tail cream color heavily blotched
with brown 3
Belly dark gray; tail cream color with dense brown flecking,
giving brown appearance _P. schmidtorum chamulae_
3. Belly cream color with brown mottling; no large tubercle at
each end of first lower tooth-row _P. schmidtorum schmidtorum_
Belly grayish green with brown mottling; a large tubercle at
each end of first lower tooth-row _P. ignicolor_
4. Tooth-rows 4/6; cream-colored crescent-shaped mark on
posterior part of body bordered posteriorly by large brown
mark 5
Tooth-rows usually 4/7 (sometimes 4/6); cream-colored
crescent-shaped mark on posterior part of body usually
indistinct, not bordered posteriorly by large brown mark
_P. spinipollex_
5. Caudal musculature uniformly flecked with brown; lower
tooth-rows 1-4 about equal in length to upper rows
_P. euthysanota euthysanota_
Caudal musculature having brown square blotches dorsally on
anterior one-half of tail; lower tooth-rows 1-4 usually
slightly shorter than upper rows 6
6. Dorsal caudal blotches well defined and extending onto sides
of tail; moderately large brown flecks on caudal fin; eye in
life pale reddish brown _P. leonhardschultzei_
Dorsal caudal blotches faint, not extending onto sides of
tail; small brown flecks on caudal fin; eye in life silvery
bronze _P. euthysanota macrotympanum_