salignus (Pleurotus), 143
salmonicolor (Boletus), 409
sanguinea (Russula), 191
sanguineus (Cortinarius), 321
sapidus (Pleurotus), 141
saponaceum (Tricholoma), 74
Satanus (Boletus), 454
scaber (Boletus), 461
var. testaceus, 462
var. aurantiacus, 462
var. alutaceus, 462
var. fuligineus, 462
var. fuscus, 462
var. olivaceus, 462
var. niveus, 462
var. areolatus, 463
var. mutabilis, 463
var. gracilipes, 463
scabrosum (Hydnum), 496
scorodonius (Marasmius), 226
sebaceus (Cortinarius), 308
sejunctum (Tricholoma), 63
semiglobata (Stropharia), 351
semilanatus (Coprinus), 382
semilanceata (Psilocybe), 366
var. cærulescens, 366
semilibera (Morchella), 545
semi-orbicularis (Naucoria), 297
separans (Boletus), 445
separata (Anellaria), 388
septentrionale (Hydnum), 503
serotinus (Boletus), 409
serotinus (Pleurotus), 145
Seymourianus (Clitopilus), 262
sigillata (Calvatia), 585
silvaticus (Agaricus), 334
silvaticus (Coprinus), 381
silvicola (Agaricus), 343
var. abruptus, 343
sinuatum (Entoloma), 251
sinuosus (Craterellus), 510
var. crispus, 510
sinuosus (Polyporus), 489
soboliferus (Coprinus), 371
socialis (Clitocybe), 89
solidipes (Panæolus), 385
solitaria (Amanita), 19
sordida (Russula), 190
sordidus (Boletus), 461
spadicea (Psilocybe), 365
var. hygrophilus, 366
var. polycephalus, 366
spadiceus (Boletus), 434
spathulatus (Pleurotus), 145
speciosa (Volvaria), 242
speciosus (Boletus), 439
spectabilis (Boletus), 408
sphærosporus (Boletus), 411
sphærosporus (Hygrophorus), 155
spinosa (Terfezia), 566
spinulifera (Collybia), 122
spinulosa (Clavaria), 521
spinulosum (Mycenastrum), 613
spissa (Amanita), 22
splendens (Clitocybe), 102
spongiosipes (Hydnum), 500
spreta (Amanita), 11
squamosum (Hydnum), 496
squamosus (Polyporus), 480
squamulosus (Cortinarius), 318
squarrosa (Pholiota), 273
squarrosoides (Pholiota), 274
stercoraria (Stropharia), 350
sterquilinus (Coprinus), 372
stipticus (Panus), 236
strangulata (Amanitopsis), 30
(A. Ceciliæ)
striæpes (Boletus), 431
striapes (Naucoria), 296
stricta (Clavaria), 522
var. fumida, 522
strigosus (Panus), 234
strobilaceus (Strobilomyces), 475
strobiliformis (Amanita), 19
subaquilum (Hypholoma), 364
subaureus (Boletus), 414
subdepallens (Russula), 192
subdulcis (Lactarius), 182
var. cinnamomeus, 182
var. rufus, 182
var. badius, 182
subglabripes (Boletus), 428
subincarnatum (Lycoperdon), 604
subinvoluta (Clitocybe), 102
sublateritium (Hypholoma), 359
var. squamosum, 359
subluteus (Boletus), 412
subpalmatus (Pleurotus), 139
subpulverulentum (Tricholoma), 82
subpurpureus (Lactarius), 172
subrufescens (Agaricus), 344
subsanguineus (Boletus), 420
subsquamosum (Hydnum), 496
subsquarrosa (Pholiota), 275
subtilis (Clavaria), 519
subtomentosus (Boletus), 433
subvelutipes (Boletus), 457
subvilis (Clitopilus), 260
subzonalis (Clitocybe), 101
sulcata (Helvella), 537
var. minor, 537
Sullivantii (Boletus), 458
sulphureum (Tricholoma), 74
sulphureus (Polyporus), 485
tabacinus (Boletus), 443
tabularis (Agaricus), 347
Taylori (Volvaria), 241
tenera (Galera), 300
var. pilosella, 300
var. obscurior, 300
tenuiculus (Boletus), 426
terreum (Tricholoma), 71
var. fragrans, 71
terriferum (Tricholoma), 64
tessulatus (Pleurotus), 139
tetragona (Clavaria), 518
theiogalus (Lactarius), 174
tigrinum (Tricholoma), 77
tigrinus (Lentinus), 229
togularis (Pholiota), 271
tomentosus (Coprinus), 377
torminosus (Lactarius), 163
tortilis (Clitocybe), 108
torulosus (Panus), 233
transmutans (Tricholoma), 63
tremellosus (Merulius), 490
trullisata (Clitocybe), 106
truncicola (Clitocybe), 94
tumulosa (Clitocybe), 98
turbinatus (Cortinarius), 312
turmalis (Cortinarius), 309
Turneri (Lycoperdon), 602
turpis (Lactarius), 163
ulmarius (Pleurotus), 138
var. acericola, 138
var. populicola, 138
umbellatus (Polyporus), 482
umbellifera (Omphalia), 133
umbonatus (Cantharellus), 217
umbrosus (Pluteus), 246
Underwoodii (Boletus), 459
Underwoodii (Clitopilus), 260
Underwoodii (Lentinus), 231
unicisa (Peziza), 556
unicolor (Boletus), 418
unitinctus (Clitopilus), 257
var. albidus, 257
urens (Marasmius), 223
ustale (Tricholoma), 62
vaccinum (Tricholoma), 70
vaginata (Amanitopsis), 28
var. livida, 29
var. fulva, 29
variabilis (Agaricus), 346
variegatus (Boletus), 430
variipes (Boletus), 446
var. albipes, 447
var. pallidipes, 447
var. tenuipes, 447
varius (Cortinarius), 309
velatum (Lycoperdon), 597
vellereum (Hydnum), 499
vellereus (Lactarius), 169
velosa (Amanitopsis), 29
velutinus (Hypholoma), 360
var. leiocephalus, 360
velutipes (Collybia), 118
venosa (Peziza), 554
vermicularis (Clavaria), 524
vermiculosus (Boletus), 456
var. Spraguei, 457
verna (Amanita), 9
verrucosum (Scleroderma), 616
versipellis (Boletus), 461
vesca (Russula), 198
vesiculosa (Peziza), 558
var. cerea, 558
vilescens (Clitocybe), 88
violaceus (Cortinarius), 314
virescens (Amanita), 8
virescens (Russula), 194
virescens (Tricholoma), 78
Virgineus (Coprinus), 380
virgineus (Hygrophorus), 153
viridis (Amanita), 8
virosa (Amanita), 6
viscidipes (Armillaria), 53
viscidus (Gomphidius), 394
vitellina (Mitrula), 548
vitellina (Russula), 212
Vittadini (Lepiota), 44
vittæformis (Galera), 301
volemi (Hypomyces), 564
volemus (Lactarius), 180
var. subrugosus, 180
volvacea (Volvaria), 240
volvata (Amanitopsis), 31
vulgare (Scleroderma), 615
Woodianus (Clitopilus), 260
Wrightii (Lycoperdon), 604
var. typicum, 605
var. separans, 605
var. atropunctum, 605
Wynnei (Marasmius), 225
xylogenus (Agaricus), 339
zonatum (Hydnum), 498
INDEX TO RECIPES FOR COOKING AND PREPARING FOR THE TABLE
Bake, A Camp, 649
Baked Toadstools of any gilled kind, 648
Boleti, 640
To bake, 641
To broil, 640
To dry, 641
To fry, 641
To stew, 640
To make B. edulis soup, 641
Cantharellus cibarius, 641
To fry, 641
To preserve for winter use, 642
To roast, 641
To stew, 641
Clavaria. To cook, 642
To pickle, 642
Clitocybe multiceps, 642
To bake, 642
With cheese, 642
Coprinus. To cook (Mrs. S.T. Rorer), 642
Croquettes. Toadstool, 643
Fistulina hepatica. To cook, 643
Fistulina hepatica salad, 643
Fungus. To broil any capped, 643
Hydnei. To cook, 644
Hypholomas, 644
To bake, 645
To stew, 644
Lactarii. To cook, 645
Lycoperdons (Puff-balls), 647
To fry, 647
To stew, 647
To make salad of, 647
Marasmius oreades. To cook, 645
Morchella (the Morel). To cook, 645
Morelles a l'Italienne, 645
Mushrooms. To cook, 636
Baked, on toast, 637
Catchup (English method), 640
Catchup (McIlvaine), 639
Crusts of, 637
Fricassee of, 638
Pickles (English method), 639
Pickles (McIlvaine), 638
Sauce, canned (Mrs. E.P. Ewing), 640
Sauce, fresh (Mrs. E.P. Ewing), 640
Stewed, on toast, 638
To dry (English method), 637
To fry, 638
Pâtés. Toadstool, 646
Pleurotus ostreatus. To cook, 646
In chafing dish, 646
To fry, 646
To stew, 646
With cheese, 646
Toadstools of any gilled kind, baked, 648
Toadstools deviled, 643
Toadstools fried, 644
Toadstool salads, 648
Toadstool soups, 648
Toadstools. To stew tougher kinds of, 647
Toadstools with cheese, 648
Toast. Hunter’s, 644
Tricholoma. To cook, 647
Tricholoma personatum. To stew, 647
INDEX TO GENERAL CONTENTS
Abbreviations of the Names of Authors, xxxiv
Agaricaceae. Family, xxii, 1
Amanitine, 5
Analysis, Agaricus campester, 334
Coprinus atramentarius, 374
Coprinus comatus, 371
Cortinarius collinitus, 314
Lycoperdon bovista, 590
Marasmius oreades, 225
Morchella esculenta, 543
Pleurotus ostreatus, 137
Anthony, Mrs. Emilia C., xxvi
Arnold, Prof. J.P., xxvi
Ascomycetes. Sub-Class, xxiii, 534
Auricularieæ. Sub-Family, 526
Author’s and Publisher’s Note, xxvii
Basidiomycetes. Sub-Class, 1, 568
Benson, Berry, xxvi
Boston School of Natural History, xxvi
Briscoe, Frank D., xxvi
Britton, Prof. N.L., xv, xxv
Brown, Hon. Addison, xxv
Carter, Prof. W.S., xviii, xxvi, 621
Clavariaceæ. Family, xxiii, 1, 511
Collins, Thomas J., xxvi
Cooking, Recipes for, 635
Curtis, Rev. M.A., xix
Dacryomycetes. Sub-Family, 527
Daniels, Dr. Edwin A., xxv
Dewey, Melvil, xxvi
Discomycetes. Cohort, 534
Easton, Prof. Morton W., xxv
Ewing, Mrs. Emma P., xxv
Farlow, Prof. William G., xxvi
Fungi. Class, 1
Gastromycetes. Sub-Class, xxi, 568
Glossary, 651
Harpel, Luther G., xxvi
Harshberger, Dr. J.W., xxv
Helvellaceæ. Family, 534
Hydnaceæ. Family, xxiii, 1, 492
Hymenogastraceæ. Family, 569
Hymenomycetes. Cohort, xxi, xxii, 1
Index to Genera, 690
Index to General Contents, 703
Index to Recipes for Cooking and Preparing for the Table, 702
Index to Species, 692
Instructions to Students, xxix
Introduction, xv
Langlois, Rev. A.B., 565
Leucosporæ. Series, 2
List of Illustrations, v
Lloyd, C.G., xxvi
Lycoperdaceæ. Family, 569, 577
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, xxvi
Melanosporæ. Series, 368
Mendel, Lafayette B., xviii
Metrical Scale and Table of Measures, xxxi
Miller, Henry Irving, xxvi
Morgan, Prof. A.P., xv, 589
Morgan, Laura V., xv
Names of the principal American Reporters of Species, xxxvi
Nidulariaceæ. Family, 570
Notes, collectors, making and preserving, xxxii
Ochrosporæ. (Dermini.) Series, 268
Palmer, Julius A., Jr., 5, xiii
Patchen, Miss Lydia M., xxvi, 41
Peck, Prof. Charles H., xv, xvi
Pezizæ. Family, 552
Phalloideæ. Family, 569, 570
Polyporaceæ. Family, xxiii, 1, 396
Porphyrosporæ (Pratelli). Series, 330
Preface, xiii
Preparing for the table, 635
Pyrenomycetes. Family, 561
Recipes for cooking and preparing for the table, 635
Rhodosporæ (Hyporhodii). Series, 239
Rorer, Mrs. Sarah Tyson, xxv
Schadle, Dr. J.E., xxvi, 5
Sclerodermaceæ. Family, 569, 615
Spore-prints, To make and preserve, xxx
Starnes, Val W., xxvi
Sterling, E.B., xxvi
Thelephoraceæ. Family, 1, 506
Toadstool poisoning and its treatment, 621
To test edibility of species, xxxii
Tremellaceæ. Family, 1, 526
Truffles (Tuberaceæ), 565
Tuberaceæ. Family, 565
Tuckahoe, 567
Weist, Dr. James R., xxvi
SUPPLEMENT
ONE THOUSAND AMERICAN FUNGI
PREFATORY
The first edition of “One Thousand American Fungi” so fully embodied the
species known to be edible, that the field for fresh investigation has
been confined principally to newly discovered species. In the eighteen
months elapsing since the publication of the first edition, Professor
Charles H. Peck—the American authority upon fungi—has reported several.
These, with his descriptions, are named in the supplement.
The many requests made of the author for information upon the raising of
mushrooms show a prevalent interest in the industry. What he knows is
stated herein; what he does not know, and what is not known upon the
subject, would furnish the matter for a volume.
Interest in the study of fungi is well established and is rapidly
increasing. This department of botany has been made a specialty in many
colleges and schools. Its importance is everywhere recognized.
The author and publishers feel a just pride in the success of “One
Thousand American Fungi.” The prompt sale of the first edition, and
immediate demand for the second, warrant it. Their thanks are due to the
many who have kindly interested themselves in obtaining subscriptions to
the author’s edition.
CHARLES MCILVAINE.
PUBLICATIONS
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST, NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM. 1900. Charles H.
Peck. Albany, N.Y. With many colored plates. Price, 50 cents.
Purchasable from Melvil Dewey, M.A., State Librarian, Albany, N.Y.
THE GENERA OF GASTROMYCETES. Illustrated with 49 figures. By C.G. Lloyd,
224 West Court street, Cincinnati, Ohio. January, 1902. A valuable
monograph, privately printed. To be obtained by mycological workers
from the author only, in exchange for specimens of puff balls.
ILLUSTRATIONS TO SUPPLEMENT
PLATE PAGE
I. Agaricus abruptus Pk. 722
II. Lepiota clypeolaria Pk. 713
III. Clitocybe patuloides Pk. 714
IV. Lactarius subpurpureus 716
Pk.
V. Cantharellus cinnabarinus 719
Pk.
VI. Cortinarius corrugatus 720
Pk.
INDEX TO SUPPLEMENT
PAGE
abietina (Russula), 712
abruptus (Agaricus), 722
Adirondackensis (Clitocybe), 715
chrysenteron albocarneus (Boletus), 723
cinnabarinus (Cantharellus), 719
clypeolaria (Lepiota), 712
corrugatus (Cortinarius), 720
distans (Lactarius), 717
Frostiana pallidipes (Amanita), 711
granulatus albidipes (Boletus), 722
haemorrhoidarius (Agaricus), 721
var. fumosus, 722
lauræ (Hygrophorus), 716
maculosa (Clitocybe), 715
Morgani (Lepiota), 711
mushrooms, Raising at home, 724
naucinoides (Lepiota), 713
patuloides (Clitocybe), 714
Publications, 709
rugulosa (Russula), 717
subpurpureus (Lactarius), 716
SUPPLEMENT
[Sidenote: Amanita.]
=Amanita Frostiana pallidipes= n. var. (See A. Frostiana, page 16.) In
his report of the New York State Botanist for 1899, Prof. Charles H.
Peck describes a new variety of Amanita Frostiana as follows:
The typical form of this species, which is common in our cool northern
woods, has the pileus and annulus, and usually the stem also, of a
yellow color, that of the pileus sometimes verging to orange. But in
warmer and more open or bushy places forms occur in which the whole
plant is whitish, but in other respects has the characters of the
species. Sometimes the pileus is pale-yellow and the stem and annulus
white. The warts are soft and flocculent, are sometimes numerous and
persistent, and again are few or wanting. The form with yellow stem
and annulus and yellow or orange pileus may be considered the typical
form of the species, but forms having the stem and annulus pale or
white may be designated as variety pallidipes. _Peck,_ 53d Rep. N.Y.
State Bot.
Undoubtedly POISONOUS. _McIlvaine._
[Sidenote: Lepiota.]
=Lepiota Morgani= Pk. (See page 37.) The majority of mycophagists are
immune to the poison of this species. Yet many cases of severe, but
not fatal poisoning by it came within the writer’s knowledge during
the season of 1900–1901.
A valuable report is contained in a letter from George B. Clementson,
attorney, Lancaster, Wis.:
“* * * Lepiota Morgani has grown in this locality this season in
unusual abundance. While I was absent last week, my father picked a
number, mistaking them for L. procera, and my mother, in preparing
them for the table, ate a small piece of the cap of one—a piece, she
assures me, no larger than a hickory nut. About two hours afterward
and shortly after dinner (at which the mushrooms were not served, and
at which nothing indigestible was eaten) she experienced a peculiar
numbness and nausea, with constriction of the throat. Vomiting set in
within half an hour and was excessive, lasting several hours and
giving no relief. She was very greatly weakened and thought herself
dying, being so reduced at one time that she was unable to see.
Purging set in not long after the vomiting. The constriction of the
throat did not disappear until after the vomiting stopped.
“Whisky and nitroglycerine (by the stomach) were given to keep up the
heart’s action.
“It seems probable that the poison itself did not directly affect the
heart, but that the alarming weakness was due to the vomiting and
purging. That is my mother’s own opinion. After being in bed for a day
she was able to get around, but suffered considerable pain in the
abdomen for forty-eight hours.
“I presume that owing to the fact that my mother is not very strong
and has a weak stomach, she was more violently affected than many
might be. But a poison that in any person can produce such symptoms,
when taken in so small a quantity, ought to be labeled decidedly
dangerous.
“There can be no question that the specimens were L. Morgani, as I
examined some that were left of those picked, and also gathered others
from the same patch where these were obtained.
“As everything relating to mushroom poisoning should be of interest to
the mycologist and mycophagist, I take the liberty of reporting this
case.”
The Lepiota Morgani appears to be spreading. In 1901 I found large
specimens of it outside a stable in Lebanon, Pa. Its appearance and
luxuriance are so much in its favor, that the toadstool lover will be
tempted to try it. Experiments in eating it should be conducted with
the greatest caution.
(Plate II.)
[Illustration:
LEPIOTA CLYPEOLARIA PK.
About one-half nat. size. After Peck.
]
=Lepiota clypeolaria= (Bull.) Fr. Shield Lepiota. (Plate II.) =Pileus=
thin, soft, convex or subcampanulate, becoming nearly plane, obtuse or
umbonate, squamose, whitish or yellowish, the center or umbo smooth,
yellowish or brownish, the margin often appendiculate with fragments
of the veil. =Flesh= white. =Lamellæ= thin, close, free, white. =Stem=
slender, equal or slightly tapering upward, hollow, fragile, pallid,
adorned with soft, loose, white or yellowish floccose scales or
filaments. =Spores= oblong or subfusiform, 12–20µ long, 6–8µ broad.
The cap of the shield lepiota is at first somewhat ovate or
bell-shaped, but with advancing age it becomes convex above or nearly
flat. It is white or whitish, but spotted with numerous small scales
of a yellowish or brownish-yellow color. These scales are the result
of the breaking up of the thin cuticle that covers the very young
plant, and they have the same color as it. A small space in the center
is brown or yellowish-brown, or darker than the rest of the cap,
because the cuticle covering it remains unbroken and retains its
color. The center in some specimens is more prominent than in others,
giving what is called an umbonate cap. The margin of the cap is
sometimes shaggy, specially in young plants, by the adhering fragments
of the whitish veil.
The gills are thin, closely placed side by side and rounded at the end
next the stem, but they are not attached to the stem. They are white.
The stem is rather long and slender, fragile and adorned with loose,
soft fibrils or flocculent, cottony tufts, which give it a somewhat
shaggy appearance, but it becomes smoother as the plant grows older.
The cap is usually from 1–2.5 inches broad, and the stem from 1.5–3
inches long and 1.5–3 lines thick. The plants grow in woods, specially
in hilly and mountainous regions, and are generally solitary or few in
a place, but in favorable seasons they are of frequent occurrence and
may be found from July to October. Though small and thin, the caps are
well flavored and make a desirable dish. _L. metulaespora_ B. and Br.
scarcely differs from this species, except in the striate margin of
its cap. _Peck_, 54th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
=Lepiota naucinoides= Pk. (See page 45.) This valuable food species is
spreading and rapidly increasing in many of the states. Prof. Charles
H. Peck, in 54th Annual Report of the New York State Museum, says of
it: “It has shown considerable variability in some of its characters.
Usually its pileus is very white and smooth, clean and attractive, but
specimens have been found this year having the pileus dingy or smoky
brown, others have been seen in which the cuticle of the pileus was
cracked in such a way as to form minute squamules, and in one or two
instances plants were observed having the surface of the pileus
adorned with minute granules, a character attributed to _L. naucina_
Fr. In such cases the importance of recognizing the spore characters
is shown. By disregarding this character our plant has sometimes been
referred to _L. naucina_ and sometimes to _Agaricus cretaceus_ Fr.,
both of which it closely resembles, and with which it appears to be
confused by European mycologists, some referring it to one species and
some to the other.”
The species named are equally excellent.
(Plate III.)
[Illustration:
CLITOCYBE PATULOIDES PK.
About two-thirds nat. size. After Peck.
]
=Clitocybe patuloides= Pk. (Plate III.) =Pileus= fleshy, firm, rather
thick, convex, becoming nearly plane or somewhat centrally depressed,
glabrous, even and white when young, with the margin incurved,
becoming pale ochraceous with age and often squamose or rimosely
areolate. =Flesh= white, taste mild, odor like that of mushrooms.
=Lamellæ= thin, close, slightly or strongly decurrent, forked or
anastomosing at the base, white. =Stem= usually short, equal or
slightly tapering upward, solid, white. =Spores= broadly elliptic,
6–8µ long, 5µ broad.
=Pileus= 1–4 inches broad. =Stem= 1–3 inches long, 4–12 lines thick.
Gregarious or cespitose. Woods, especially of pine. When growing in
tufts the stem is often eccentric and the pileus irregular. The base
of the stem is often white tomentose. Its agreeable odor and mild
taste led to a trial of its edible qualities, but it developed a
bitter taste in cooking. _Peck_, 54th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
=Clitocybe Adirondackensis= Pk. Adirondack Clitocybe. =Pileus= thin,
convex or nearly plane and umbilicate, or centrally depressed and
funnel-form, glabrous, moist, white or pale tan color. =Flesh= white.
=Lamellæ= thin, narrow, close, very decurrent, white. =Stem= nearly
equal, glabrous, stuffed or hollow, colored like the pileus. =Spores=
subglobose or broadly elliptic, 4–5µ long, 3–4µ broad.
The Adirondack clitocybe is common in the northern forests of the
state, but is not limited to them. Its cap is thin, and soon becomes
nearly flat with a decurved margin and a central depression or
umbilicus, or very concave by the elevation of the margin, and then it
resembles a wineglass in shape. Its margin is sometimes wavy or
irregular. In color it varies from white to a very pale red or tan
color. White specimens sometimes have the center slightly darker than
the rest.
The gills are very narrow, being scarcely broader than the thickness
of the flesh of the cap. They are closely placed, white and decurrent.
The stem is nearly cylindric, smooth and stuffed or hollow. It is
colored like the cap. Often there is a white tomentum or cottony
substance at its base.
The cap varies in size and is 1–2 inches broad; the stem 1.5–3 inches
long and 1–2 lines thick. It may be found from July to October. Its
flavor is suggestive of that of the common mushroom. _Peck_, 54th Rep
N.Y. State Bot.
=Clitocybe maculosa= Pk. Spotted Clitocybe. =Pileus= fleshy, convex,
often centrally depressed, glabrous, centrally marked with numerous
small round spots, yellowish-white, the young margin involute and
minutely downy. =Flesh= white, taste mild. =Lamellæ= narrow, close,
very decurrent, whitish or slightly yellowish, some of them forked.
=Stem= equal or slightly tapering upward, glabrous or sparingly
fibrillose, stuffed, sometimes becoming hollow, whitish. =Spores=
subglobose or orbicular, 4–5µ broad.
The peculiar mark by which the spotted clitocybe may be distinguished
consists in the small round definite spots in the central part of the
cap. They have a slightly darker or watery or yellowish color and
appear as if depressed below the rest of the surface. The cap is
smooth and whitish or yellowish white and is generally depressed in
the center and decurved on the margin. The margin is usually adorned
with slight, short radiating ridges. The flesh is white and the taste
mild.
The gills are closely placed side by side, narrow and prolonged
downward on the stem. They have nearly the same color as the cap. The
stem is nearly cylindric, smooth or adorned with a few silky fibrils,
whitish and spongy within or sometimes hollow when old.
The cap is from 1–3 inches broad; the stem 2–3 inches long and 2–4
lines thick. This mushroom grows among fallen leaves in woods. It
appears in August and September. I have found it in the Adirondack
forests only. Its range is probably northward, and its rarity detracts
from its importance as an edible species. _Peck_, 54th Rep. N.Y. State
Bot.
=Hygrophorus lauræ= Morg. =Pileus= fleshy, convex and umbonate, then
expanded and depressed, more or less irregular, glutinous, white,
clouded with a reddish or brownish tinge especially on the disk.
=Stem= solid, more or less curved or crooked, tapering downward,
yellowish-white; the apex scabrous with scaly points. =Lamellæ=
unequally adnate-decurrent, distant, white. =Spores= pellucid,
elliptic, apiculate, .0083×.0055µ.
Growing in rich soil among the leaves in hilly woods. Pileus 2–4 in.
broad, stipe 2–4 in. long and ½ an inch thick. This is a much larger
plant than _H. eburneus_, has a wash of red or brown upon the disk,
and is covered with a thick gluten. It is more like _H. cossus_, but
has no odor. Journal Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. VI, 180, 1883.
Edible. _Prof. C.H. Peck._
(Plate IV.)
[Illustration:
LACTARIUS SUBPURPUREUS PK.
About one-half nat. size. After Peck.
]
=Lactarius subpurpureus= Pk. Purplish Lactarius. (Plate IV. See page
172.) “When fresh, their taste is slightly acrid, but, when they are
cooked, it is scarcely inferior to that of _L. deliciosus_.” _Peck_,
54th Rep. N. Y. State Bot.
I had not seen this species when the first edition of this work went
to press, consequently could not report its edible qualities. The
favorable testing by Professor Peck adds weight to the opinion I have
frequently expressed, that acridity of species when raw is no evidence
whatever that they are harmful. Acridity usually disappears in
cooking.
=Lactarius distans= Pk. Distant-gilled Lactarius. =Pileus= firm,
broadly convex or nearly plane, umbilicate or slightly depressed in
the center, with a minute velvety pruinosity, yellowish tawny or
brownish orange. =Lamellæ= rather broad, distant, adnate or slightly
decurrent, white or creamy yellow, the interspaces venose, milk white,
mild. =Stem= short, equal or tapering downward, solid, pruinose,
colored like the pileus. =Spores= subglobose. 9–11µ broad.