York variety grew on a stump of white pine. By its eccentric stem it
connects this genus with Boletinus, through Boletinus porosus. According
to the authors of this species it resembles Boletus variegatus. _Peck_,
Boleti of the U.S.
=B. Ravenel´ii= B. and C.—after Ravenel. =Pileus= convex or nearly
plane, _slightly viscid when young or moist_, covered with a
sulphur-yellow powdery down, becoming naked and dull-red on the disk.
=Flesh= whitish. =Tubes= at first plane, _adnate_, pale-yellow, becoming
yellowish-brown or umber, dingy-greenish where bruised, the mouths large
or medium size, subrotund. =Stem= nearly equal, clothed and colored like
the young pileus, yellow within, with a slight evanescent webby or
tomentose ring. =Spores= ochraceous-brown, 10–12×5–6µ.
=Pileus= 1–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–4 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.
Woods and copses. South Carolina, _Ravenel_; North Carolina, _Curtis_;
New York, _Peck_; New England, _Frost_.
This is a very distinct and very beautiful species. Mr. Ravenel remarks
in his notes that “this plant is not infested by larvæ and preserves
more constant characters than any other Boletus with which I am
acquainted.” The webby powdered filaments constitute a universal veil
which at first covers the whole plant and conceals the young tubes. As
the pileus expands this generally disappears from the disk, and,
separating between the margin and the stem, a part adheres to each. The
flesh is sometimes stained with yellow. The tubes in some instances
become convex and slightly depressed around the stem. They are almost
white when young, and often exhibit brownish hues where wounded. The
plant is sometimes cespitose. I have observed a greenish tint to the
freshly shed spores, but it soon disappears. Boletus subchromeus Frost
Ms. is this species. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.
=B. auriflam´meus= B. and C.—flaming yellow. =Pileus= convex, _dry_,
powdered, bright golden-yellow. =Flesh= white, unchangeable. =Tubes=
plane or convex, _free_, yellow, their broad angular _mouths scarlet_.
=Stem= slightly tapering upward, powdered, colored like the pileus.
=Spores= 10–12.5×5µ.
=Pileus= 8–12 lines broad. =Stem= 1–1.5 in. long.
Woods. North Carolina, _Curtis_; New York, _Peck_.
This is evidently a rare species and as beautiful as it is rare. The
whole plant is bright-yellow except the tube mouths, and is sprinkled
with yellow dust or minute yellow branny particles. In the New York
specimen the scarlet color is wanting in the marginal tube mouths and
the stem is marked with fine subreticulating elevated lines. In other
respects it agrees well with the diagnosis of the species. _Peck_,
Boleti of the U.S.
SUBPRUINOSI—_sub_, _pruina_, hoar frost.
=Pileus= glabrous, but more often pruinose. =Tubes= adnate, yellowish.
=Stem= equal, even, neither bulbous nor reticulated.
The species of this tribe have the pileus neither viscid nor distinctly
and permanently tomentose. Typically it is glabrous or merely pruinose,
but Fries has admitted into the group one species with a pulverulent,
and one with a silky pileus. The species are not sharply distinguished
from those of the following tribes, and possibly some have been admitted
here which might as well have been placed there. Some of the species are
variable in color and their characters are not sufficiently well known.
Tubes bright-yellow, golden or subochraceous 1
1. Tubes pale or whitish-yellow 6
1. Tubes changing to blue where wounded 2
1. Tubes not changing to blue 3
2. Stem pallid, with a circumscribing red B. glabellus
line at the top
2. Stem yellow, sometimes with red stains B.
miniato-olivaceus
2. Stem red, yellow at the top B. bicolor
3. Stem viscid or glutinous when moist B. auriporus
3. Stem not viscid 4
4. Plant growing on Scleroderma B. parasiticus
4. Plant terrestrial 5
5. Tubes greenish-yellow B. alutaceus
5. Tubes golden-yellow B. tenuiculus
6. Pileus reticulated with subcutaneous brown B. dictyocephalus
lines
6. Pileus not reticulated 7
7. Tubes changing to blue where wounded B. pallidus
7. Tubes not changing to blue 8
8. Stem uniformly colored B. subglabripes
8. Stem yellowish, streaked with brown B. innixus
_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.
=B. minia´to-oliva´ceus= Frost—olive-red. =Pileus= at first convex and
firm, then nearly plane, soft and spongy, glabrous, vermilion, becoming
olivaceous. =Flesh= pale-yellow, changing to blue where wounded. =Tubes=
bright lemon-yellow, adnate or subdecurrent. =Stem= glabrous, enlarged
at the top, pale-yellow, brighter within, sometimes lurid at the base.
=Spores= 12.5×6µ.
Var. _sensi´bilis_ (Boletus sensibilis Rep. 32, p. 33).
=Pileus= at first pruinose-tomentose, red, becoming glabrous and
ochraceous-red with age. =Tubes= bright-yellow tinged with green,
becoming sordid-yellow. =Stem= lemon-yellow with red or rhubarb stains
at the base, contracted at the top when young, subcespitose. =Spores=
10–12.5×4–5µ.
=Pileus= 2–6 in. broad. =Stem= 3–4 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.
Woods and their borders. New England, _Frost_; New York, _Peck_.
Though the sensitive Boletus differs considerably in some respects from
the olive-red Boletus, it is probably only a variety, and as such I have
subjoined it here. In it every part of the plant quickly changes to blue
where wounded, and even the pressure of the fingers in handling the
fresh specimens is sufficient to induce this change of color. I have not
found the typical plant in New York, but specimens received from Mr.
Frost are not, in the dry state, distinguishable from the variety.
_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.
Indiana, _H.I. Miller_; West Virginia. Haddonfield, N.J. Cheltenham,
Pa., _McIlvaine_.
Years ago I marked it edible and excellent when young. My friends have
eaten it, and continue to do so. Yet Professor Peck (48th Rep., p. 202)
reports a case brought to his notice of an entire family being sickened
by eating B. sensibilis. All recovered. It may, therefore, be one of
those species which, while disagreeing with some persons, can be eaten
by the majority. Clitocybe illudens, Lepiota Morgani and others of the
Agaricaceæ are such species.
[Illustration: Grouped by F.D. Briscoe—Studies by C. McIlvaine.
PLATE CXVII.]
FIG. PAGE. FIG. PAGE.
1–2. BOLETUS BICOLOR, 425 4. BOLETUS PALLIDUS, 429
3. BOLETUS RUBROPUNCTUS, 429
=B. bi´color= Pk.—two-color. (Plate CXVII, figs. 1, 2, p. 424.) =Pileus=
convex, glabrous or merely pruinose-tomentose, dark-red, firm, becoming
soft, paler and sometimes spotted or stained with yellow when old.
=Flesh= yellow, not at all or but slightly and slowly changing to blue
where wounded. =Tubes= nearly plane, adnate, bright-yellow, becoming
ochraceous, slowly changing to blue where wounded, their mouths small,
angular or subrotund. =Stem= subequal, firm, solid, _red, generally
yellow at the top_. =Spores= pale, ochraceous-brown, 10–12.5×4–5µ.
=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 4–6 lines thick.
Woods and open places. New York, _Peck_; Wisconsin, _Bundy_.
The color of this plant is somewhat variable. In the typical form the
pileus and stem are dark red, approaching Indian red, but when old the
color of the pileus fades and is often intermingled with yellow. The
surface sometimes cracks and becomes cracked in areas. From the European
B. Barlæ this species is separated by its solid stem; from B. versicolor
by its small tube mouths and its red stem. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.
Plentiful at Mt. Gretna, Pa., July, August, September, 1898, in mixed
woods. Very variable in shape and color. Identified by Professor Peck
from painting and description.
Fine eating, one of the very best.
=B. glabel´lus= Pk.—smooth. =Pileus= fleshy, thick, broadly convex or
nearly plane, soft, dry, subglabrous, _smoky-buff_. =Flesh= _white_,
both it and the tubes changing to blue where wounded. =Tubes= nearly
plane, adnate, ochraceous, tinged with green, their mouths small,
subrotund. =Stem= subequal, glabrous, even, reddish toward the base,
pallid above, with a _narrow reddish circumscribing zone or line at the
top_. =Spores= oblong, brownish-ochraceous, tinged with green when
fresh, 10–12.5×4µ.
=Pileus= 3–5 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 5–10 lines thick.
Grassy ground under oaks. New York, _Peck_.
The species is well marked by the reddish band or line on the stem just
below the tubes, but this disappears in drying. _Peck_, Boleti of the
U.S.
=B. aluta´ceus= Morgan—yellowish. =Pileus= cushion-shaped, glabrous,
_alutaceous_ with a tinge of red. =Flesh= _white, inclining to reddish_.
=Tubes= semifree, medium in size, unequal, angular, greenish-yellow.
=Stem= nearly equal, striate, reticulate at the apex, colored like the
pileus. =Spores= fusiform, brownish-olive, 12.5×5µ.
=Pileus= 3 in. broad.
Rocky woods of oak and chestnut. Kentucky, _Morgan_.
The general aspect of the figure of this species recalls some of the
forms of Boletus subtomentosus. The tubes are nearly equal in length to
the thickness of the flesh of the pileus. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.
Quite frequent at Mt. Gretna, Pa., in mixed woods, principally oak and
chestnut.
Stem should be removed, and tubes when old. It cooks well and is
especially good.
=B. tenui´culus= Frost—thin. =Pileus= nearly plane, _thin_, lurid-red on
a yellow ground. =Flesh= unchangeable. =Tubes= short, adnate, small,
_golden-yellow_. =Stem= _slender_, equal, colored like the pileus.
=Spores= 10×6µ.
=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 4–6 in. long.
Woods. New England. _Frost._
The thin pileus and long slender stem readily distinguish this species.
_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.
=B. auri´porus= Pk.—golden-pore. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane,
glabrous or merely pruinose-tomentose, grayish-brown, yellowish-brown,
or reddish-brown. =Flesh= white, unchangeable. =Tubes= plane or slightly
depressed around the stem, adnate or subdecurrent, _bright
golden-yellow, retaining their color when dried_. =Stem= equal or
slightly thickened at the base, _viscid or glutinous when moist_,
especially toward the base, colored like or a little paler than the
pileus. =Spores= 7.5–10×4–5µ.
=Pileus= 1–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 2–4 lines thick.
Thin woods and shaded banks. New York, _Peck_; New England, _Frost_.
This species is remarkable for the rich yellow color of the tubes, which
is retained unchanged in the dried specimens, and for the viscid stem.
This character, however, is not noticeable in dry weather and was
overlooked in the original specimens.
Boletus glutinipes Frost Ms. is not distinct. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.
Hopkins' Woods, Haddonfield, N.J. Grassy oak woods. 1891–1894.
_McIlvaine._
The caps are delicious.
=B. innix´us= Frost. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, glabrous,
yellowish-brown, slightly cracked in areas when old, yellow in the
interstices. =Flesh= white. =Tubes= adnate, lemon-yellow, unchangeable.
=Stem= slender, short, much thickened at the base in large specimens,
yellowish, streaked with brown, brownish within. =Spores= 10×5µ.
Grassy woods. New England. _Frost._
The whole plant often reclines as if for support, _Peck_, Boleti of the
U.S.
=B. parasi´ticu=s Bull.—a parasite. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane,
dry, silky, becoming glabrous, _soon tessellately cracked_, grayish or
dingy-yellow. =Tubes= decurrent, medium size, _golden yellow_. =Stem=
equal, rigid, incurved, yellow without and within. =Spores=
oblong-fusiform, pale-brown, 12.5–15×4µ.
=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 2–4 lines thick.
Parasitic on species of Scleroderma. New York, _Gerard_; New England,
_Sprague_, _Bennett_.
This species is very rare in this country. It is remarkable for its
peculiar habitat. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.
New York, _Lydia M. Patchen_; Westfield, on Scleroderma vulgare.
I found many specimens of this rare species during August, 1897, growing
on Scleroderma vulgare.
Professor Peck, to whom I sent specimens, identified them as B.
parasiticus. The tubes were large, unequal, dissepiments thin,
decurrent. The Sclerodermas frequently appear to be parasitic upon the
Boletus. I have seen the host plant thrown entirely free from the ground
by the Boletus.
B. parasiticus is edible, but it is not of agreeable flavor.
=B. dictyoceph´alus= Pk.—reticulate. =Pileus= convex, glabrous,
_reticulate with brown lines beneath the thin separable cuticle_,
brownish-orange, darker in the center and there tinged with pink.
=Flesh= white, unchangeable. =Tubes= nearly plane, slightly depressed
around the stem, grayish-yellow, becoming brown where bruised. =Stem=
equal or slightly tapering at the top, solid, rimose, dotted with
scales, lemon-yellow, darker toward the base. =Spores= 15–20×6µ.
=Pileus= 2.5 in. broad. =Stem= 3–4 in. long, 5–6 lines thick.
Mixed woods. North Carolina. _C.J. Curtis._
The description here given has been derived from a single dried specimen
and from the notes kindly sent by Mr. Curtis. The species is apparently
well marked and very distinct by the peculiar reticulations of the
pileus. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.
=B. subgla´bripes= Pk.—rather smooth. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane,
glabrous, reddish inclining to chestnut color. =Flesh= white,
unchangeable. =Tubes= adnate, nearly plane in the mass, pale yellow,
becoming convex and darker or greenish-yellow with age, the mouths
small, subrotund. =Stem= equal, solid, scurfy, pale yellow. =Spores=
oblong-fusiform, 12.5–15×4–5µ.
The smoothish-stemmed Boletus is well marked by its cylindric minutely
scurfy stem which is colored like the tubes. Its cap is smooth and
nearly always some shade of red or bay. Specimens occur occasionally in
which it approaches grayish-brown or wood-brown. The flesh is white and
unchangeable when cut or broken.
The tubes at first have a nearly plane surface, but this becomes
somewhat convex with age, and slightly depressed around the stem. The
tube mouths are small and nearly round. The color of the tubes is at
first a beautiful pale yellow, but it becomes darker or slightly
greenish-yellow with age.
The stem is colored very nearly like the tubes, but sometimes it has a
slight reddish tint toward the base. Its peculiar feature consists of
the minute, branny particles upon it. They are so small and pale that
they are easily overlooked.
There is a variety in which the cap is corrugated or irregularly pitted
and wrinkled. Its name is Boletus subglabripes corrugis Pk.
The =cap= is 1½-4 in. broad, the =stem= is 2–3 in. long and 4–8 lines
thick. The plants are found in woods in July and August. _Peck_, 51st
Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
=B. pal´lidus= Frost—pale. (Plate CXVII, fig. 4, p. 424.) =Pileus=
convex, becoming plane or centrally depressed, soft, glabrous, pallid or
brownish-white, sometimes tinged with red. =Flesh= white. =Tubes= plane
or slightly depressed around the stem, nearly adnate, _very pale or
whitish-yellow_, becoming darker with age, _changing to blue where
wounded_, the mouths small. =Stem= equal or slightly thickened toward
the base, rather long, glabrous, often flexuous, whitish, sometimes
streaked with brown, often tinged with red within. =Spores= pale
ochraceous-brown, 10–12×5–6µ.
=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 3–5 lines long, 4–8 lines thick.
Woods. New England, _Frost_; New York, _Peck_.
The species is readily recognized by its dull pale color, rather long
stem, and tubes changing to blue where wounded. _Peck_, Boleti of the
U.S.
Common in West Virginia mountains, Angora, West Philadelphia, Mt.
Gretna, Pa. Solitary, on ground in mixed woods.
The caps are tender and delicately flavored.
=B. rubropunc´tus= Pk.—red-dotted. (Plate CXVII, fig. 3, p. 424.)
=Pileus= convex, glabrous, reddish-brown. =Flesh= yellowish,
unchangeable. =Tubes= nearly plane, depressed about the stem, their
mouths small, round, bright golden-yellow, not changing color where
bruised. =Stem= firm, solid, tapering upward, yellow, punctate with
reddish dots or squamules. =Spores= olive-green, 12.5×4–5µ.
=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.
Woods. Port Jefferson. July. Cold Spring Harbor, _H.C. Beardslee_.
This is a pretty Boletus, well marked by the red dots of the stem. It is
apparently a very rare species. B. radicans is said to have the stem
sprinkled with red particles, but that is a larger plant with the margin
of the pileus persistently involute or incurved and with a radicating
stem, characters which are not shown by our fungus. _Peck_, 50th Rep.
N.Y. State Bot.
I found my specimens at Mt. Gretna, Pa., August-September, 1898.
Identified for the writer by Professor Peck from painting and
description.
Taste and smell slight. Cooks well and is pleasant to the taste. The
tubes should be removed.
SUBTOMENTO´SI—_sub_, _tomentosus_, downy.
=Pileus= when young villose or subtomentose, rarely becoming glabrous
with age, destitute of a viscid pellicle. =Tubes= of one color, adnate.
=Stem= at first extended, neither bulbous nor reticulated with veins,
wrinkled or striated in some species. =Flesh= in some changing color
where wounded.
The tubes are generally yellow or greenish-yellow. In some species they
are occasionally somewhat depressed around the stem, but they do not
form a rounded free stratum, nor, with the exception of B. rubeus, are
they stuffed when young as in most of the Edules. The species are
scarcely separable from those of the preceding tribe except by the more
evidently tomentose young pileus.
Tubes brown, becoming cinnamon B. variegatus
Tubes not having these colors 1
1. Flesh or tubes changing to blue where 2
wounded
1. Flesh or tubes not changing to blue 5
2. Stem glabrous 3
2. Stem not glabrous 4
3. Flesh yellow under the cuticle B. rubeus
3. Flesh red under the cuticle B. chrysenteron
4. Stem velvety at the base B. striæpes
4. Stem with a reddish bloom or scurf B. radicans
4. Stem with brown dot-like scales B. mutabilis
5. Tubes whitish, becoming yellow B Roxanæ
5. Tubes yellow 6
6. Tube mouths large and angular B. subtomentosus
6. Tube mouths minute B. spadiceus
_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.
=B. variega´tus= Swartz. =Pileus= at first convex, then plane, obtuse,
moist, sprinkled with _superficial bundled hairy squamules,
dark-yellow_, the acute margin at first flocculose. =Flesh= yellow, here
and there becoming blue. =Tubes= adnate, unequal, minute, _brown then
cinnamon_. =Stem= firm, equal, even, dark-yellow, sometimes reddish.
=Spores= oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline or very pale-yellowish, 7.5–10×3–4µ.
=Pileus= 2–5 in. broad. =Stem= 2–3 in. long, 6 lines thick.
Woods, especially of pine. North Carolina, _Curtis_, _Schweinitz_;
California, _Harkness_, _Moore_; Rhode Island, _Bennett_. _Peck_, Boleti
of the U.S.
West Virginia mountains, 1882–1885. Haddonfield, N.J., _McIlvaine_;
Doylestown, Pa., _Paschall_. Quite common on flat benches where hemlocks
and spruces have grown.
When the caps are cooked they are sweet, nutty, excellent.
=B. Roxa´næ= Frost. =Pileus= broadly convex, at first subtomentose, then
covered with red hairs in bundles, _yellowish-brown_. =Flesh=
yellowish-white. =Tubes= at first _whitish, then light-yellow_,
arcuate-adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, the mouths small.
=Stem= enlarged toward the base, striate at the apex, yellowish or
pale-cinnamon. =Spores= 10×4µ.
Var. _auri´color_. =Pileus= and subequal stem bright-yellow, the
tomentum of the pileus yellow.
=Pileus= 1.5–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 3–5 lines thick.
Borders of woods. New England, _Frost_; New York, _Peck_.
_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.
=B. striæ´pes= Secr.—striate stem. =Pileus= convex or plane, soft,
silky, _olivaceous, the cuticle rust-color within_. =Flesh= white,
yellow next the tubes, sparingly changing to blue. =Tubes= adnate,
greenish, their mouths minute, angular, yellow. =Stem= firm, curved,
marked with _brownish-black striations_, yellow, velvety and
brownish-rufescent at the base. =Spores= 10–13×4µ.
Pine and oak woods. Minnesota, _Johnson_.
I have seen no specimens of this species, which is recorded from but one
locality in our country. The character—flesh sparingly changing to
blue—is given on the authority of Rev. M.J. Berkeley. _Peck_, Boleti of
the U.S.
=B. chrysen´teron= Fr.—golden within. =Pileus= convex or plane, soft,
floccose-squamulose, often cracked in areas, brown or brick-red. =Flesh=
_yellow, red beneath the cuticle_, often slightly changing to blue where
wounded. =Tubes= subadnate; greenish-yellow, _changing to blue where
wounded_; their mouths rather large, angular, unequal. =Stem= subequal,
rigid, fibrous-striate, red or pale-yellow. =Spores= fusiform,
pale-brown, 11–12.5×4–5µ.
=Pileus= 1–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.
Woods and mossy banks.
The species is common and very variable. The color of the pileus may be
yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, brick-red, tawny or olivaceous. The
subcutaneous reddish tint and the reddish chinks of the cracked pileus
are distinguishing features. Wounds of the tubes sometimes become blue
then greenish. Authors disagree concerning the edible qualities of this
Boletus. Stevenson gives it as edible, but Cordier and Gillet say that
it is regarded with suspicion. In one strongly marked form the tubes are
decidedly depressed around the stem, in another the flesh is whitish
tinged with red. It may be doubted whether these are varieties or
distinct species. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.
I have found, and eaten plentifully of this species in West Virginia,
North Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, from July until October. I
have no hesitancy in recommending it in all of its varieties. Excepting
from very young specimens the tubes and stems should be removed. The
flesh is sweet, delicate and toothsome.
=B. fumo´sipes= Pk. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, minutely tomentose,
sometimes minutely rivulose, dark olive-brown. =Flesh= whitish. =Tubes=
at first nearly plane, becoming convex with age, their mouths whitish
when young, becoming yellowish-brown, changing to bluish-black where
bruised. =Stem= equal, solid, smoky-brown, minutely scurfy under a lens.
=Spores= purplish-brown, 12.5–15×5–6µ.
=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 3–4 lines thick.
Woods. Port Jefferson. July.
This species resembles small dark-colored forms of B. chrysenteron, and
this resemblance is still more noticeable in those specimens in which
the pileus cracks in areas, for in these the chinks become red as in
that species. The different color of the stem and tubes will at once
separate these species. _Peck_, 50th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
=B. ru´beus= Frost—red. =Pileus= broadly convex, very finely appressed
subtomentose, bright brick-red when young, becoming mottled with red and
yellow, _yellow under the cuticle_, the thin margin at first inflexed,
then horizontal, curved upward when old. =Flesh= pale-yellow, changing
to blue where wounded. =Tubes= adnate or slightly depressed around the
stem, lemon-yellow and _stuffed when young_, becoming yellow and
sometimes red at the mouths. =Stem= small, often flexuous, colored like
the pileus, reddish within, white-tomentose at the base. =Spores=
9–12.5×4–5µ.
=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 3–5 lines thick.
Deep woods. Rare. New England, _Frost_.
This is apparently too closely related to B. chrysenteron, and it also
resembles B. bicolor. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.