umbilicate, with the margin decurved, hygrophanous, _dark-brown_ and
striatulate on the margin when moist, grayish-brown and silky shining
when dry, taste farinaceous. =Gills= _subdistant_, adnate or slightly
decurrent, whitish when young, then flesh-colored. =Stem= slender,
brittle, rather long, _stuffed or hollow_, glabrous, colored like the
pileus or a little paler. =Spores= angular, 7.5–10µ.
=Pileus= 8–15 lines broad. =Stem= 1.5–3 in. long, 1–2 lines thick.
Damp soil in thin woods. Albany county. October.
The species is allied to C. vilis, from which it is separated by its
silky-shining pileus, subdistant gills and farinaceous taste. _Peck_,
42d Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Scattered. Mt. Gretna, Pa. September to November. _McIlvaine._
Edible, pleasant.
=C. Wood´ianus= Pk. =Pileus= thin, convex or nearly plane, umbilicate or
centrally depressed, hygrophanous, striatulate on the margin when moist,
_whitish or yellowish-white_ and shining when dry, the margin often wavy
or flexuous. =Gills= close, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish, then
flesh-colored. =Stem= equal, flexuous, shining, _solid_, colored like
the pileus. =Spores= subglobose, angular, 6–7.5µ.
=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 2–3 in. long, 2 lines thick.
Ground and decayed prostrate trunks in woods. Lewis county. September.
This species is perhaps too closely allied to the preceding, but it may
easily be separated by its paler color, closer gills and solid stem,
though this is sometimes hollow from the erosion of insects. _Peck_, 42d
Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
=C. Un´derwoodii= Pk.—in honor of L.M. Underwood. =Pileus= rather thin
but fleshy, nearly plane or slightly depressed in the center, even,
whitish. =Gills= narrow, close, slightly decurrent, pale flesh-colored.
=Stem= rather short, equal or slightly tapering upward, solid, whitish.
=Spores= subglobose, 4–5µ long.
=Pileus= 6–18 lines broad. =Stem= about 1 in. long and 2 lines thick.
Syracuse and Jamesville. September and October. _L.M. Underwood._
_Peck_, 49th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
SPORES ROSY-RED.
=C. erythro´sporus= Pk. _Gr_—red-spored. =Pileus= thin, hemispherical or
strongly convex, glabrous or merely pruinose, pinkish-gray. =Flesh=
whitish tinged with pink, taste farinaceous. =Gills= narrow, crowded,
arcuate, _deeply decurrent_, colored like the pileus. =Stem= equal or
slightly tapering upward, hollow, slightly pruinose at the top, _colored
like the pileus_. =Spores= elliptical, 5×3–4µ.
=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 1–1.5 in. long, 2–3 lines thick.
Decayed wood and among fallen leaves in woods. Albany and Ulster
counties. September and October.
The species is easily recognized by its peculiar uniform color, its
narrow, crowded and generally very decurrent gills and by its bright
rosy-red spores. Sometimes individuals occur in which the gills are less
decurrent. _Peck_, 42d Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Mt. Gretna, Pa., among fallen leaves. Sparsely gregarious. September to
November. _McIlvaine._
Edible, good.
=C. conis´sans= Pk.—dusted. =Pileus= thin, convex, glabrous, pale
alutaceous, often _dusted by the copious spores_. =Gills= close,
_adnate_, reddish-brown. =Stem= slender, brittle, hollow, cespitose,
_white_. =Spores= narrowly elliptical, 7.5×4µ.
=Pileus= 1–1.5 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 1–2 lines thick.
Base of an apple tree. Catskill mountains. September.
Remarkable for the bright rosy-red spores which are sometimes so thickly
dusted over the lower pilei of a tuft as to conceal their real color.
The species is very rare. _Peck_, 42d Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
SPORES VERY PALE FLESH-COLORED, MERELY TINTED.
=C. cæspito´sus= Pk.—tufted. =Pileus= at first convex, firm, nearly
regular, shining, white, then nearly plane, fragile, often irregular or
eccentric, glabrous but with a slight silky luster, _even_, whitish.
=Flesh= white, _taste_ mild. =Gills= narrow, thin, crowded, often
forked, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish, becoming dingy or
brownish-pink. =Stems= _cespitose_, solid, silky-fibrillose, slightly
mealy at the top, white. =Spores= 5×4µ.
=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–3 in. long, 2–4 lines thick.
Thin woods and pastures. Ulster county. September.
This is a large, fine species, very distinct by its cespitose habit,
white color and very pale sordid-tinted spores. But for the color of
these the plant might easily be taken for a species of Clitocybe. The
tufts sometimes form long rows. _Peck_, 42d Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Mt. Gretna, Pa. October. _McIlvaine._
Tender, not much flavor.
=C. Noveboracen´sis= Pk.—New York Clitopilus. =Pileus= thin, convex,
then expanded or slightly depressed, dingy white, _cracked in areas or
concentrically rivulose_, sometimes obscurely zonate, odor farinaceous,
_taste bitter_. =Gills= narrow, close, deeply decurrent, some of them
forked, white, becoming dingy, tinged with yellow or flesh-color. =Stem=
equal, solid, colored like the pileus, the mycelium white, often forming
white branching root-like fibers. =Spores= globose, 4–5µ broad.
Var. _brevis_. Margin of the pileus, in the moist plant, pure white.
=Gills= adnate or slightly decurrent. =Stem= short.
=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 1–3 lines thick.
Woods and pastures. Adirondack mountains, Albany and Rensselaer
counties. August to October.
The plant is gregarious or cespitose. Sometimes, especially in the
variety, it grows in lines or arcs of circles. The margin is often
undulated, and in the variety it is, when fresh and moist, clothed with
a film of interwoven webby white fibrils which give it a peculiar
appearance, and if the spore characters are neglected it might be
mistaken for Clitocybe phyllophila. The disk is often tinged with
reddish-yellow or rusty hues when moist, and its rivulose character is
then more distinct. A farinaceous odor is generally present, especially
in the broken or bruised plant, but its taste is bitter and unpleasant.
Sometimes bruises of the fresh plant manifest a tendency to assume a
smoky-brown or blackish color. The base of the stem is sometimes clothed
with a white mycelioid tomentum. _Peck_, 42d Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
=C. Sey´mourianus= Pk.—=Pileus= fleshy, thin, broadly convex or slightly
depressed, even, _pruinose, whitish with a dark lilac tinge_, sometimes
lobed and eccentric. =Gills= narrow, crowded, decurrent, some of them
forked at the base, whitish with a pale flesh-colored tint. =Stem=
equal, silky-fibrillose, _hollow_. =Spores= minute, globose or nearly
so, 3.5–4µ long.
=Pileus= 1–2.5 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–2.5 in. long, 3–4 lines thick.
Woods. Lewis county. September. _Peck_, 42d Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
=LEPTO´NIA= Fr.
_Gr_—slender.
(Plate LXVI.)
[Illustration: LEPTONIA.]
Rosy-spored. =Stem= _cartilaginous_, tubular (the tube stuffed or
hollow), polished, somewhat shining. =Pileus= _thin_, umbilicate or with
a darker disk, cuticle fibrillose or separating into darker scales,
_margin at first incurved_. =Gills= at first adnexed or adnate but
readily separating. _Fries._
The Leptoniæ are related to the Clitopili as the Collybiæ are to the
Clitocybæ. The species are small, elegant, brightly colored, inodorous
(except A. incanus), and abound _in rainy weather_. Gregarious or
growing in troops; on the ground, commonly on dry mossy pastures, but
also in marshy places. _Stevenson._
Six American species reported. I have not seen any.
=NOLA´NEA= Fr.
_Nola_, a little bell.
(Plate LXVII.)
[Illustration:
Nolanea pascua.
About natural size.
]
Rosy-spored. =Stem= _tubed_, the tube more rarely stuffed with a pith,
_cartilaginous_. =Pileus= somewhat membranaceous, _bell-shaped_,
somewhat papillate, striate and sometimes even, sometimes also clothed
with flocci, _margin straight and at the first pressed to the stem_, and
not involute. =Gills= free or adfixed, and not decurrent. _Fries_.
Nolanea agrees with Leptonia and Eccilia among the pink-spored species.
It corresponds with Mycena, Galera and Psathyra. Several Entolomata are
nearly allied. The species are thin and slender, commonly inodorous and
fragile, though some of them are tough. Growing on the ground in summer
and autumn. _Stevenson._
Seven American species reported. None seen by writer. _Peck_, Rep. 24,
26, 35, 39, 50.
=ECCI´LIA= Fr.
_Gr_—I hollow out.
(Plate LXVIII.)
[Illustration:
ECCILIA ATROPUNCTA.
Two-thirds natural size.
]
=Stem= _cartilaginous_, tubular (the tube hollow or stuffed), expanded
upward into the _pileus_, which is somewhat membranaceous and at the
first turned inward at the margin. =Gills= attenuated behind, truly
decurrent, becoming more so when the pileus is depressed, and not
separating as those of Nolanea.
Corresponding in structure with Omphalia of the white-spored and Tubaria
of the brown-spored series. Allied to Clitopilus in the decurrent gills,
but separated by the cartilaginous, smooth stem.
(Plate LXIX.)
[Illustration:
ECCILIA CARNEO-GRISEA.
Natural size.
ECCILIA ATROPUNCTA.
]
=E. car´neo-gri´sea= B. and Br.—_caro_, flesh; _griseus_, gray. =Pileus=
about 1 in. broad, gray flesh-color, umbilicate, striate, delicately
dotted, margin slightly glittering with dark particles. =Stem= about 1½
in. long, slender, fibrous-hollow upward, wavy, of the same color as the
pileus, shining, smooth, white-downy at the base. =Gills=
adnato-decurrent, somewhat undulated, distant, rosy, the irregular
margin darker. _Stevenson._
=Spores= irregularly oblong, rough, 7×5µ _Massee_.
Nova Scotia, _Dr. Somers_.
New Jersey, _E.B. Sterling_, August, 1897; Eagle’s Mere, Pa., common
under pines, _McIlvaine_.
This neat little species is sweet and pleasant raw, and when cooked
makes an agreeable dish. European authorities give the taste as
unpleasant, but there is nothing of the sort about the American
representative.
=CLAU´DOPUS= Smith.
_Claudus_—lame; _pous_—a foot.
(Plate LXX.)
[Illustration:
CLAUDOPUS VARIABILIS.
Natural size.
]
=Pileus= eccentric, lateral or resupinate. =Spores= pinkish.
The species of this genus were formerly distributed among the Pleuroti
and Crepidoti, which they resemble in all respects except the color of
the spores. The genus at first was made to include species with
lilac-colored as well as pink spores, but Professor Fries limited it to
species with pink spores. In this sense we have taken it. The spores in
some species are even, in others rough or angulated. The stem is either
entirely wanting or is very short and inconspicuous, a character
indicated by the generic name. The pileus often rests upon its back and
is attached by a point when young, but it becomes turned backward with
age. The species are few and infrequent. All inhabit decaying wood.
SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES.
Pileus yellow C. nidulans
Pileus white or whitish 1
1. Spores even C. variabilis
1. Spores angulated. C. depluens
Pileus gray or brown 2
2. Pileus striatulate when C. Greigensis
moist
2. Pileus not striatulate C. byssisedus
_Peck_, 39th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
=C. ni´dulans= Pers.—_nidus_, a nest. =Pileus= 1–3 in. broad, stemless,
attached by the pileus or rarely narrowed behind into a short stem-like
base, caps often overlapping one another, suborbicular or kidney-shaped,
_downy_, somewhat pointed-hairy or scaly-hairy toward the margin,
_yellow or buff color_, the margin at first turned inward. =Lamellæ=
rather broad, moderately close or subdistant, _orange-yellow_. =Spores=
even, slightly curved, 6–8µ long, about half as broad, delicate pink.
Decaying wood. Sandlake. Catskill and Adirondack mountains. Autumn.
This fungus was placed by Fries among the Pleuroti, and in this he has
been followed by most authors. But the spores have a delicate pink color
closely resembling that of the young lamellæ of the common mushroom,
Agaricus campestris. We have, therefore, placed it among the
Claudopodes, where Fries himself has suggested it should be placed if
removed at all from Pleurotus. Our plant has sometimes been referred to
Panus dorsalis Bosc., but with the description of that species it does
not well agree. The tawny-color, spoon-shaped pileus, pale floccose
scales, short lateral stem and decurrent lamellæ ascribed to that
species are not well shown by our plant. The substance of the pileus,
though rather tenacious and persistent, can scarcely be called leathery.
The flesh is white or pale yellow. The hairy down of the pileus is often
matted in small tufts and intermingled with coarse hairs, especially
toward the margin. This gives a scaly or pointed-hairy appearance. The
color of the pileus is often paler toward the base than it is on the
margin. _Peck_, 39th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Mt. Gretna, Pa., November, 1898, decaying stumps. _McIlvaine._
An autumnal species growing upon wood. Not common.
The light yellow tomentosity of the cap arranges itself into shapes as
fascinating as crystals of snow.
Taste pleasant, mild. Texture more solid than P. ostreatus, consequently
tougher. It is edible but not desirable. Must be chopped fine and cooked
well.
[Illustration: Grouped by F.D. Briscoe—Studies by C. McIlvaine.
PLATE LXXI.]
FIG. PAGE. FIG. PAGE.
1. HEBELOMA GLUTINOSUM, 283 3. PHOLIOTA SQUARROSA, 273
2. PHOLIOTA CAPERATA, 270 4. PHOLIOTA SUBSQUARROSA, 275
_Hymenophore distinct from fleshy stem._
ACETABULARIA.
BOLBITIUS.
_Hymenophore confluent and homogenous with fleshy stem._
CORTINARIUS.
PHOLIOTA.
INOCYBE.
HEBELOMA.
FLAMMULA.
PAXILLUS.
CREPIDOTUS.
_Hymenophore confluent with, but heterogeneous from cartilaginous stem._
NAUCORIA.
GALERA.
PLUTEOLUS.
TUBARIA.
_Series III._ =OCHRO´SPORÆ= (Dermini). Spores brown.
Ochrosporæ, third in color series, ranges in spore color from dull
ochraceous, through bright ocher, to rusty orange and ferruginous or
iron-rust. The various shades will tax even a color expert.
There are no species in the series corresponding to Amanitæ. In
Acetabularia there is a cup-like volva; in Pholiota there is a distinct
interwoven ring on the stem; in Cortinarius the secondary veil is like a
cobweb, and may form an imperfect zone around the stem, or hang as
fibers from the margin of the cap; Pluteolus exactly resembles Pluteus.
There are many edible species of good quality in the series. None are
known to be poisonous. The substance, as a rule, is tougher than in most
of the preceding genera, and in many instances has a strong woody
flavor. Several species are late growers, and are among the best of
fungi. Notably in Pholiota.
=ACETABULA´RIA= Berk.
_Acetabulum_, a vinegar-cup. From the cup-like volva.
Universal veil distinct from the pileus; hymenophore distinct; gills
free; spores pallid, tawny or brown.
Analogous to Volvaria and Chitonia.
No American species reported.
[Illustration]
=PHOLIO´TA= Fr.
_Gr_—a scale.
=Pileus= more or less fleshy. =Gills= adnate, with or without a
decurrent tooth, tawny or rust colored at maturity from the spores.
=Flesh= of stem continuous with that of the pileus. =Ring= distinct,
interwoven. =Spores= sepia-brown, bright yellowish-brown or light red.
Generally on wood, sometimes on the ground in damp moss, frequently
densely cespitose. Some of the species are large and bright colored.
Distinguished from all other genera of the brown-spored series by the
possession of a distinct ring. In Cortinarius the veil and ring are
web-like.
Stevenson notes in his description of the genus: “None are to be
commended as edible.” My investigation shows that there are several
delicious species, notably P. squarrosa and subsquarrosa. Their lateness
and plentifulness make them valuable food fungi. I have nothing but
praise for the entire genus.
ANALYSIS OF TRIBES.
_A._ HUMIGENI (_humus_, ground; _gigno_, to bear). Page 270.
On the ground, rarely cespitose.
* Eudermini. _Gr_—well; _dermini_, the brown-spored series.
Spores ferruginous.
** Phæoti. _Gr_—dusky.
Spores dusky rust-colored.
_B._ TRUNCIGENI (_truncus_, a trunk; _gigno_, to bear). Page 273.
On wood; subcespitose.
* Ægeritini. _P. ægerita_, the type of the section.
Pileus naked, not scaly, sometimes cracked. Gills pallid, then reddish
or dusky. None known to be edible.
** Squamosi—_squama_, a scale.
Pileus scaly, not hygrophanous. Gills becoming discolored.
* Gills not becoming purely rust-colored.
** Gills yellow, then rust-color or tawny.
*** Hygrophani. _Gr_—moist; to appear.
Gills cinnamon, not at first yellow.
_C._ MUSCIGENI (_muscus_, moss; _gigno_, to bear).
Hygrophanous. Like Galera with a ring.
_A._ HUMIGENI. On ground.
* Eudermini. _Spores ferruginous._
=P. capera´ta= Pers.—_capero_, to wrinkle. (Plate LXXI, fig. 2, page
268.) =Pileus= 3–5 in. broad, more or less intensely yellow, fleshy, but
thin in proportion to its size and robust stem, ovate then expanded,
obtuse, viscid only when moist and not truly so, even at the disk,
wrinkled in pits at the sides, _incrusted with white superficial
flocci_. =Stem= 4–6 in. long, more than 1 in. thick, solid, stout,
cylindrical with exception of the base which is often tuberous, shining
white, _scaly above the ring, which is membranaceous, reflexo-pendulous,
and broken into squamules at the apex_. =Gills= adnate, crowded, thin,
somewhat serrated, _clay_-cinnamon.
When young the pileus is incrusted with the veil or with white
mealy-floccose soft, hairy down, which is crowded on the even disk and
scaly towards the thin pitted-furrowed margin; and as this separates the
pileus is naked. Veil universal, floccoso-mealy, at the first cohering
in the form of a volva but not continuous; in rainy weather remaining in
the form of a volva at the base. =Spores= dark ferruginous on a white
ground, paler on a black ground. There is a smaller form (A. macropus
Pers.) in pine woods, pileus even and paler. =Stem= 3 in. long, and
without a tuberous base. =Ring= oblique and often incomplete. _Stev._
=Spores= 10µ _B. and Br._; 12×4µ _W.P._; spheroid-ellipsoid, uniguttate,
11–12×8–9µ _K._; 12×4.5µ _Massee_.
Not previously reported.
This fungus occurs sparingly in rich woods near Boston. It is much
esteemed in Germany, and eagerly sought by the common people, who call
it familiarly the “Zigeuner” (Gypsy). Boston Myc. Club Bull. 1896.
I have found this species in but one place—on the south hill of the
great Chester valley, Pa., where it grows plentifully in woods. The
taste raw was slightly acrid, but when cooked this disappeared. Many ate
of the species and enjoyed it.
=P. togula´ris= Bull.—_togula_, a little cloak. From the ample ring.
=Pileus= 1½ in. broad, _pallid ochraceous_, fleshy, soft, bell-shaped
then expanded, obtuse, orbicular, _without striæ_, smooth. =Flesh= thin,
soft, becoming yellow. =Stem= 3–4 in. long, 2 lines thick, tubed, rigid,
equal, cylindrical, rough with stiff fibers, naked and becoming yellow
at the apex, becoming dingy brown downward. =Ring= medial, more than 1
in. distant, entire, spreading-reflexed. =Gills= adnato-separating,
ventricose, crowded, narrowed in front, becoming yellow, at length pale
rust-color, never becoming dingy brown.
Protean, slender, very variable in stature, growing in troops. _b._ More
slender, but densely gregarious, with the wholly pallid smooth stem
thinner, often flexuous. This form is exactly A. mesodactylus Berk. _c._
Very small. Pileus 1 in. =Stem= 1 in. or a little more, scarcely 1 line
thick, very flexuous, becoming rust-color. _Stevenson._
=Spores= elliptical, 8×3.5µ _Massee_.
New Jersey, on decayed chips mixed with dirt. May, 1898. _E.B.
Sterling._
Not previously reported.
The specimens sent were tested and found to be of good quality.
** Phæ´oti. _Spores fuscous—ferruginous (dingy rust-color)._
=P. du´ra= Bolt.—_durus_, hard. =Pileus= 3 in. and more broad, tawny,
tan-color, becoming dingy brown, fleshy, _somewhat compact_,
convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, _then cracked into patches_, margin even.
=Stem= commonly curt, 2 in. long, about ½ in. thick, _stuffed_, even
solid, hard, becoming silky-even, then longitudinally cracked when dry,
thickened at the _apex, mealy_ and more than usually widened into the
pileus, varying ventricose and irregularly-shaped. =Ring= _torn_.
=Gills= _adnate_, striato-decurrent with a tooth, ventricose, ½ in.
broad, _livid then dingy rust-color_.
The stem is abundantly furnished with fibrillose rootlets at the base.
Although very closely allied to A. præcox, it is readily distinguished
by its rust-color or brown-rust spores. _Stevenson._
=Spores= 9×5µ _W.G.S._; 8–9×5–6µ _Massee_.
Haddonfield, N.J. June to October. Florist’s garden, _McIlvaine_.
After rains P. dura appears, solitary, from spring to autumn. The
cracked cap, in mature specimens, distinguishes it from other species
found on its habitat. It varies in size from 1½ in. up to 4 in. across.
The caps are excellent.
(Plate LXXII.)
[Illustration:
PHOLIOTA PRÆCOX.
After Peck.
]
=P. præ´cox= Pers.—_præcox_, early. =Pileus= 1–2 in. broad, convex or
nearly plane, soft, nearly or quite glabrous, whitish, more or less
tinged with yellow or tan-color. =Gills= close, adnexed, at first
whitish, then brownish or rusty-brownish. =Stem= 1.5–3 in. long, 2–2.5
lines thick, rather slender, mealy or glabrous, stuffed or hollow,
whitish. =Spores= elliptical, rusty-brown, 10–13×6–8µ.
The Early Pholiota is a small but variable species. From other similarly
colored species that appear in grassy ground early in the season, the
collar on the stem will generally distinguish it. Its cap is usually
convex when young but nearly flat in the mature plant. It is rather pale
in color but not a clear white, being tinted with yellow or pale
tan-colored hues. The gills are whitish when the cap first opens, but
they soon change to a rusty-brown hue in consequence of the ripening of
the spores. They are excavated at the inner extremity and slightly
attached to the stem. They are ventricose when the cap is fully
expanded. The stem is rather slender, nearly or quite straight and soon
smooth and hollow. It is pale or whitish, and usually furnished with a
small collar. Sometimes the collar is slight and disappears with age and
sometimes the fragments of the veil remain attached to the margin of the
cap leaving nothing for a collar.
The plants usually grow in grassy ground, lawns and gardens, and appear
from May to July.
Var. _minor_ Batt. is a small form having the cap only about 1 in. broad
and the remnants of the veil adherent to the margin of the cap. It is
represented by figures 6 to 12.
Var. _sylvestris_ Pk. has the center of the cap brownish or rusty-brown,
and grows in thin woods. _Peck_, 49th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
=Spores= inclining to fuscous, spheroid-ellipsoid, 8–13×5–7µ _K._; 8×6µ
_W.G.S._; 8–13×6–7µ _Massee_.
West Virginia, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, May to August.
On rich ground, lawns, gardens, etc. _McIlvaine._
Coming as it does in early spring, it is a prized species wherever
found.
The caps only are good.
_B._ TRUNCIGENI. On wood.
** Squamosi. _Scaly._
(Plate LXXIII.)
[Illustration:
PHOLIOTA SQUARROSA.
One-half natural size.
]
=P. squarro´sa= Mull.—_squarrosus_, scurfy. (Plate LXXI, fig. 3, page
268.) =Pileus= 3–5 in. broad, saffron-rust-color, scaly with _innate,
crowded, revolute, darker_ (becoming dingy brown), persistent _scales_,
fleshy, convex bell-shaped then flattened, commonly obtusely umbonate or
gibbous, dry. =Flesh= light-yellow, compact when young, sometimes thin.
=Stems= curt when young, as much as 8 in. long when full-grown, as much
as 1 in. thick at the apex, remarkably attenuated downwards, stuffed,
scaly as far as the ring with crowded, revolute, darker scales. =Ring=
only slightly distant from the apex, rarely membranaceous, entire or
often slashed, generally floccoso-radiate, of the same color as the
scales. =Gills= adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, narrow,
_pallid-olivaceous_ then rust-color.