5 cents equal 1/20 of a dollar.
10 cents equal 1/10 of a dollar.
12-1/2 cents equal 1/8 of a dollar.
16-2/3 cents equal 1/6 of a dollar.
20 cents equal 1/5 of a dollar.
25 cents equal 1/4 of a dollar.
33-1/3 cents equal 1/3 of a dollar.
50 cents equal 1/2 of a dollar.
Articles of merchandise are often bought and sold by the pound, yard,
or gallon, and whenever the price is an equal part of a dollar, as
seen in the above table, the whole cost may be easily found by adding
two ciphers to the number of pounds or yards and dividing by the
equivalent in the table.
_Example_. What cost 18 dozen eggs at 16-2/3c per dozen?
6)1800
_____
$3.00
_Example_. What cost 10 pounds butter at 25c per pound?
4)1000
-----
$2.50
Or, if the pounds are equal parts of one hundred and the price is
not, then the same result may be obtained by dividing the price by the
equivalent of the quantity as seen in the table; thus, in the above
case, if the price were 10c and the number of pounds 25, it would be
worked just the same.
_Example_. Find the cost of 50 yards of gingham at 14c a yard.
2)1400
-----
$7.00
When the price is one dollar and twenty-five cents, fifty cents, or
any number found in the table, the result may be quickly found by
finding the price for the extra cents, as in the above examples, and
then adding this to the number of pounds or yards and calling the
result dollars.
_Example_. Find the cost of 20 bushels potatoes at $1.12-1/2 per
bushel.
8)2000
250
-----
$22.50
If the price is $2 or $3 instead of $1, then the number of bushels
must first be multiplied by 2 or 3, as the case may be.
_Example_. Find the cost of 6 hats at $4.33-1/3 apiece.
3)600
4
------
24.00
2.00
------
$26
When 125 or 250 are multipliers add three ciphers and divide by 8 and
4 respectively.
To multiply a number consisting of two figures by 11, write the sum of
the two figures between them.
_Example_. Multiply 53 by 11. Ans. 583.
If the sum of the two numbers exceeds 10 then the units only must
be placed between and the tens figure carried and added to the next
figure to the left.
_Example_. Multiply 87 by 11. Ans. 957.