"Some existing African Companies hold farm lands," remarked the
interviewer. "Ought they turn their attention promptly to the
agricultural development of those lands, instead of confining their
attention so exclusively to mineral wealth?"
"Certainly," said Mr Stanley. "Take, for instance, the Willoughby
Consolidated. They have an enormous acreage of land. The people of
Bulawayo wanted water, so a certain number formed a company to make the
waterworks. They had to buy about 6000 acres from the Willoughby
Consolidated to protect their watershed. Supposing these people had not
bought the land for the sake of the waterworks, the Willoughby
Consolidated would have kept all this vast acreage to themselves, and
would have developed it only according to the necessities of the
neighbourhood, or sold it to some settlers who wanted to live there.
Most of Rhodesia has been divided in that way by the people who grabbed
at the territory, so that poor settlers, the bone, marrow, and sinew,
are frightened by the prices."
"Do you, then, think that the best farms are already allotted?"
"One who was only in the country such a short time as myself cannot go
into all these small details. He can only say that his impression is
that the people complained that most of the best lands had been taken up
by the great companies. Miners are disposed to hold very cheering ideas
in regard to the minerals, and more miners come in than agriculturists.
Therefore it strikes me, seeing those miners come in in such numbers,
that something has been left undone; the responsible authorities ought
to have seen that the proper settlers who could feed those people were
induced to come at the same time. Earl Grey or some other Director
should be asked if the Chartered Company had kept habitable land in
Rhodesia which might be sold for farms; if they had reserved sufficient
farming acreage for the wants of a farming population, or if they had
sold it all to the great companies. It would be people like Earl Grey
who could give you these details. We can only get impressions from the
mutterings of those in the country who say, `What is the use of coming
here? all the good land is gobbled up by the companies.' One would be
glad to have the matter explained. Farmers with 500 pounds capital, if
they could get land cheap in Rhodesia, might be tempted to settle there,
but if the land is in the hands of companies, those companies will want
to make big profits. The Chartered Company are under the necessity of
selling land to get money. The greater the run of farmers to Rhodesia
the higher would be the prices of land. The Chartered Company, we can
see, have been liberal enough to miners, but I doubt whether they have
been so liberal to the farmer class."
"From your experience of the conditions in England, do you think people
at home would respond readily to an effort by Mr Rhodes and the
Rhodesian Government to attract them to Rhodesia?"
"Yes, I do, because South Africa is as pleasant a place to live in as
any part of the world that I have visited. It is certainly more
pleasant than the cold north of Canada. America was very good, but it
is not superior to South Africa. The United States Government, however,
had a very large reserve of land which they could afford to give at 2.5
dollars an acre, and they gave 160 acres of land to anyone who would
promise to settle there for five years and build houses and improve the
land. That is what the Chartered Company should do. If you have an
estate, you must invest a portion of your capital in seed and in
machines for cultivating the land; if you regard a State as a farm, the
best seed you can put into it is a farming population. Settlers who
develop the soil contribute as much wealth to the State as those who dig
for minerals. Perfected communication also adds value to every acre. I
had at one time to explain why I did not consider the land of the Congo
State worth a two-shilling piece, because it was impossible to reach it,
but, I said, if you make it accessible to me it is worth so much an
acre. If you leave me isolated in the heart of the Congo, I throw away
my life and the two-shilling piece."
"Is there in Rhodesia plenty of land beyond what is required for the
Matabele and the Mashonas?"