SEVEN DAYS' FIGHT AROUND RICHMOND—BATTLE
OF GAINES' MILL
The brigade remained near Richmond some weeks longer. On the afternoon
of the 26th of June, 1862, the Seven Days' fights around Richmond
commenced at, or near, Mechanicsville, north of Richmond on the upper
Chickahominy. McClellan's army lay on both sides of the Chickahominy,
his right wing extending as far up the stream as Mechanicsville.
Gen. R. E. Lee was now in command of the army around Richmond, and
determined to strike a blow at the enemy instead of waiting to be
attacked at Richmond. On the morning of the 26th of June we marched out
of camp, going north. As we crossed the York River Railroad an engine,
with an inflated balloon attached to a heavy cable, passed along. This
balloon was used by the Confederates in observing the movements of the
enemy.
By a master stroke of strategy Stonewall Jackson was brought from the
Valley, where he had just out-generaled and whipped three Yankee armies
in detail, each larger than his own, and before any of the Yankee
generals anywhere knew of his movements, joined General Lee and helped
thrash McClellan and his "grand army," now 160,000 strong; Lee had about
80,000 all told.
A. P. Hill's division crossed the upper Chickahominy on the 26th of
June, and in the afternoon attacked the Yankees in a strong position on
Beaver Dam Creek, driving them from their first lines. It was expected
that Jackson's forces would join with A. P. Hill's in this attack by
striking the enemy on the right flank and rear, but from some unknown
cause, Jackson's men were delayed, and did not arrive in time. The
battle lasted until nightfall. The Confederates lost heavily in this
fight, from assaults on the enemy's works.
The Yankees withdrew from their position during the night and fell back
to Gaines' Mill, lower down the Chickahominy, where the next day a
terrific and bloody battle was fought and won by the Confederates.
Longstreet's Division crossed over the Chickahominy at Meadow Bridge,
below where Hill had crossed the day before, and moved down towards
Gaines' Mill, as the right wing of Lee's army, on the north side of the
Chickahominy, with Hill in the center and Jackson on the left. Kemper's
Brigade halted as it was crossing the bridge, with the Eleventh
Regiment, or a part of it, on the bridge. While waiting here, General
Lee rode by on "Traveler," picking his way carefully along through the
ranks. When close to Company C, General Lee asked what regiment this
was. Perhaps a dozen men spoke out, saying, "Eleventh Virginia."
Up to this time, the 27th of June, no one but the generals knew that
Jackson was anywhere near. During the day it was rumored that Jackson
had come from the Valley or was coming. That afternoon I saw some men
from Campbell County who belonged to Jackson's army, and asked them if
it were true that Jackson was near. They replied, "Yes, Jackson and all
his men are right over there," pointing to the left. This was, indeed,
good news. This piece of strategy had been worked to perfection by
General Lee. I remember a few days before, it was reported, in fact well
known, that Lee was sending reënforcements to Jackson in the Valley.
General Whiting's Division was sent by train via Lynchburg, around-about
way—no doubt to attract attention and deceive the enemy—to Staunton,
where it remained until the proper time, when it came back with
Jackson's troops via Charlottesville and Gordonsville.
BATTLE OF GAINES' MILL
At this battle of Gaines' Mill, on the 27th of June, 1862, Kemper's
Brigade was again in reserve, and was not actually engaged in the fight,
the Yankees breaking just as it was called in to reënforce after
sundown. This was one day the sun set before we got into the fight.
The brigade lay back in the pine woods, where now and then a stray shell
would come, anxiously awaiting the issue of the battle at the front—not
"eager for the fight," but ready to go when called on. It was about
sunset when Capt. J. W. Fairfax, of General Longstreet's staff, on his
war horse, came bounding over the logs and brush, through the woods,
towards where the brigade lay. All knew then what was up; the men knew
they were wanted whenever Captain Fairfax was seen dashing up on his
gray charger in time of a fight. Then some one was sure to say, "Boys,
we've got to go in now; yonder comes Captain Fairfax after us."
Longstreet with the rest of his division was hotly engaged at the front.
This was one of the hardest fought battles of the war. We lay in full
hearing, though not in sight of the battle-ground, on account of the
woods and hills intervening. I never before or afterwards heard such
heavy musketry firing. I have read somewhere that General Lee said it
was the heaviest he ever heard.
The Confederates lost heavily in this fight, as they attacked the enemy
in strong, fortified positions. The Yankees admitted a loss of 9,000
killed and wounded, and twenty-two cannon.
The brigade went down the road towards the battlefield. It was nearly
dark by the time we got down to the creek, when the firing ceased, and
the battle was over. The Yankees had been driven from every part of the
field, and that night crossed to the south side of the Chickahominy, and
McClellan commenced his retreat by the left flank to James River.
I remember, as we were going down the road, seeing Chaplain John C.
Granberry, later Bishop Granberry, going along with the men. I said to
him, "Mr. Granberry, you ought not to go into this fight; you have no
gun and may get shot." He replied, "I have an object in going," and on
he went. A few days afterwards, at Malvern Hill, he was badly wounded
and left on the field for dead, but recovered, losing the sight of an
eye, however, from the effects of a wound on the brow. I remember also,
as we were going down the hill, we heard that Col. R. E. Withers had
been mortally wounded. As we crossed the bridge over Powhite Creek I saw
the surgeon of the Eighteenth Virginia, which the Colonel commanded, and
asked the doctor if Colonel Withers was badly wounded. "Yes, sir," he
replied, "he can not live an hour." He did live, however.
I was sick that day, but stayed with the company until the fighting was
all over, when I started back to Richmond, the surgeon having given me a
sick-pass during the afternoon.
I determined, however, to go into the fight if the regiment was called
on, but as before said, the Yankees gave it up before we got at them, to
which I had not the slightest objection; in fact, I was very glad of it.
I made my way back towards Richmond next day, walking very slowly, and
resting often by the wayside, went to the camp where the tents were
still standing, where the man Pillow I have spoken of was also sick. In
a few days several old men from Campbell County, who had come to
Richmond to look after the sick and wounded men of Company C, took us to
Richmond to a hotel where we went to bed. In a day or two we were sent
with other sick and wounded to Lynchburg, and from there I went home and
remained until restored to health, after a long spell of sickness.
The brigade was engaged in the fight on the 30th of June at Frazier's
Farm, though I don't think many were killed.
As I lay in the tent, I could hear the booming of the big guns in this
battle. The Yankees made a last stand at Malvern Hill, where, on the 1st
of July, a desperate battle was fought, the Yankees holding their
position until after nightfall, when they retired to Harrison's landing
under the protection of their gunboats. McClellan was afterwards called
Gunboat McClellan, he having sought the safety of the gunboats. His
initials were G. B.
In the Seven Days' fighting around Richmond, the Confederates, according
to General Lee's report, captured more than 10,000 prisoners, fifty-two
pieces of artillery, and 35,000 muskets. The Yankees admit they had
160,000 in the Peninsula campaign, and that there were only 85,000, when
it ended at Harrison's landing on the James River, fit for duty. The
Confederate loss was heavy, but nothing to compare with the Yankee loss.