||Per di"em (?). [L.] By the day; substantively (chiefly U. S.), an allowance or amount of so much by the day.
||Père (pâr), n. [F., fr. L. pater. See Father.] Father; -- often used after French proper names to distinguish a father from his son; as, Dumas père.
Per"go*la (?), n. [It., fr. L. pergula shed, shop, vine arbor.] Lit., an arbor or bower; specif.: (Italian art) An arbor or trellis treated architecturally, as with stone columns or similar massive structure.
||Per"go*lo (?), n. [It.] A continuous colonnade or arcade; -- applied to the decorative groups of windows, as in Venetian palazzi.
Per`i*cys*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Cystitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the bladder.
Pe*rip"ter*y (?), n. [Gr. &?; flying round about.] The region surrounding a moving body, such as the wing of a bird or a gliding aëroplane, within which cyclic or vortical motion of the air occur.
Pe*rique" (?), n. [Louisiana F.] A kind of tobacco with medium-sized leaf, small stem, tough and gummy fiber, raised in Louisiana, and cured in its own juices, so as to be very dark colored, usually black. It is marketed in tightly wrapped rolls called carottes.
Per"me*ance (?), n. [See Permeant.] Permeation; specif. (Magnetism), the reciprocal of reluctance.
Per*mit" (?), n. [Cf. Sp. palamida a kind of scombroid fish.] (a) A large pompano (Trachinotus goodei) of the West Indies, Florida, etc. It becomes about three feet long. (b) The round pompano. (T. falcatus). [Local, U. S.]
Per"mu*la`tor (?), n. (Elec.) A special form of rotary converter with stationary commutator and rotating brushes, in which the exciting field is induced by the alternating current in a short-circuited magnetic core instead of being produced by an external magnet.
{ Per*nick"et*y Per*nick"et*ty } (?), a. Finical or fussy; full of petty details. [Colloq.]
Per*pet"u*al cal"en*dar. A calendar that can be used perpetually or over a wide range of years. That of Capt. Herschel covers, as given below, dates from 1750 to 1961 only, but is capable of indefinite extension.
To find the day of the week corresponding to any date, find the small letter directly under the month and opposite the day of the month; the same small letter also appears in the vertical column that contains the number of the year, and if the line in which it stands is followed out to the right, the day of the week is found. Thus, the small letter under March and opposite 18 is b; b appears again directly over 1904, and at its right is the word Friday. March 18 fell on Friday in 1904, and also in 1898, 1892, etc. The calendar has other uses, as for finding the months which begin on Sunday in a particular year, etc.
Per"ron (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) An out-of-door flight of steps, as in a garden, leading to a terrace or to an upper story; -- usually applied to mediævel or later structures of some architectural pretensions.
Per"se*id (?), n. [From Perseus.] (Astron.) One of a group of shooting stars appearing annually about the 10th of August. They are probably fragments of Swift's comet 1862 (III).
Per"si*co (?), n. = Persicot.
Per`si*enne" (pr`s*n"; - sh*n"; F. pr`syn"), n. [F., fem. of presien Persian.] Properly, printed calico, whether Oriental or of fanciful design with flowers, etc., in Western work. Hence, as extended in English, material of a similar character.
Per`si*ennes" (-nz"; F. pr`syn"), n. pl. [F.] Window blinds having movable slats, similar to Venetian blinds.
Per"sism (?), n. Ancient Persian religion, esp. as represented by the Magi.
This system we shall call 'Persism', in order to free ourselves of the popular associations still connected with such terms as magism, Parseeism, and so forth; meaning by 'Persism' the teaching of Zarathustra as it affected the Greek and Latin world.
E. Vernon Arnold.
||Pe*tite" (?), a. [F., fem. of petit.] Small, little; of a woman or girl, of small size and trim figure.
||Pe*tit" mal" (?). [F., lit., little sickness.] (Med.) The mildest form of epilepsy, with momentary faintness or unconsciousness, but without convulsions; -- opposed to grand mal.
Pe*tune" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petuned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Petuning.] [See Petunia.] (Agric.) To spray (tobacco) with a liquid intended to produce flavor or aroma.
Phan"ar (?), n. [Turk. fanar, fr. NGr. &?; lighthouse, Gr. &?; lantern; -- from a lighthouse on a point projecting into the Golden Horn.] A quarter of Constantinople which, after the Turkish conquest of the city, became the chief Greek quarter; hence, the Greek officials of Turkey, or phanariots, as a class.
{ Pha*nar"i*ot (?), n. Also Pha*nar"i*ote (?)}. [NGr. &?;, fr. Phanar. See Phanar.] One of the Greeks of Constantinople who after the Turkish conquest became powerful in clerical and other offices under Turkish patronage.
Phan"tom, a. Being, or of the nature of, a phantom.
Phantom isles are floating in the skies.
B. Taylor.
Phantom circuit. (Elec.) The equivalent of an additional circuit or wire, in reality not existing, obtained by certain arrangements of real circuits, as in some multiplex telegraph systems.
Phar`ma*co*dy*man"ics (?), n. [Gr. &?; drug + E. dynamics.] That branch of pharmacology which treats of the action and the effects of medicines.
Phase (?), n. 1. (Phys. Chem.) A homogenous, physically distinct portion of matter in a system not homogeneous; as, the three phases, ice, water, and aqueous vapor. A phase may be either a single chemical substance or a mixture, as of gases.
2. (Zoöl.) In certain birds and mammals, one of two or more color variations characteristic of the species, but independent of the ordinary seasonal and sexual differences, and often also of age. Some of the herons which appear in white and colored phases, and certain squirrels which are sometimes uniformly blackish instead of the usual coloration, furnish examples. Color phases occur also in other animals, notably in butterflies.
3. (Elec.) The relation at any instant of a periodically varying electric magnitude, as electro-motive force, a current, etc., to its initial value as expressed in factorial parts of the complete cycle. It is usually expressed in angular measure, the cycle beb four right angles, or 360°. Such periodic variations are generally well represented by sine curves; and phase relations are shown by the relative positions of the crests and hollows of such curves. Magnitudes which have the same phase are said to be in phase.
Phase (?), v. t. [Cf. Feeze.] To disturb the composure of; to disconcert; to nonplus. [Colloq.]
Phase angle. (Elec.) The angle expressing phase relation.
Phase converter. (Elec.) A machine for converting an alternating current into an alternating current of a different number of phases and the same frequency.
Phase displacement. (Elec.) A charge of phase whereby an alternating current attains its maximum later or earlier. An inductance would cause a lag, a capacity would cause an advance, in phase.
{ Phase meter, or Phase"me`ter }, n. (Elec.) A device for measuring the difference in phase of two alternating currents of electromotive forces.
Phase rule. (Phys. Chem.) A generalization with regard to systems of chemical equilibrium, discovered by Prof. J. Willard Gibbs. It may be stated thus: The degree of variableness (number of degrees of freedom) of a system is equal to the number of components minus the number of phases, plus two. Thus, if the components be salt and water, and the phases salt, ice, saturated solution, and vapor, the system is invariant, that is, there is only one set of conditions under which these four phases can exist in equilibrium. If only three phases be considered, the system is univariant, that is, the fixing of one condition, as temperature, determines the others.
Phase splitter. (Elec.) A device by which a single-phase current is split into two or more currents differing in phase. It is used in starting single-phase induction motors.
Phase splitting. (Elec.) The dephasing of the two parts of a single alternating current in two dissimilar branches of a given circuit.
Phas"ing (?), a. (Elec.) Pertaining to phase or differences of phase.
Phasing current. The momentary current between two alternating-current generators when juxtaposed in parallel and not agreeing exactly in phase or period.
Phasing transformer. Any of several transformers (there must be at least two) for changing phase.
{ Phe*nac"e*tin, Phe*nac"e*tine } (?), n. [Phenyl + acetic + -in.] (Pharm.) A white, crystalline compound, C10H13O2N, used in medicine principally as an antipyretic.
Phe*nal"gin (?), n. [Phenyl + analgetic + -in.] (Pharm.) An ammoniated compound of phenyl and acetamide, used as an analgesic and antipyretic. It resembles phenacetin in its therapeutic action.
Phe"no*cryst (?), n. [Gr. &?; to appear + &?; crystal.] (Geol.) One of the prominent embedded crystals of a porphyry.
Phe*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Contracted from Phenomenology.] (Biol.) The science of the relations between climate and periodic biological phenomena, as the migrations and breeding of birds, the flowering and fruiting of plants, etc. -- Phe`no*log"ic*al (#), a. -- Phe`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Phe*nol"o*gist (#), n.
Phe`nol*phthal"e*in (?), n., or Phenol phthalein. (Chem.) A white or yellowish white crystalline substance, C20H14O4, formed by condensation of the anhydride of phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by acids. This reaction, being very delicate, is used as an indicator.
Phi*la"the*a (?), n. [Coined from Gr. &?; loving + &?; truth.] An international, interdenominational organization of Bible classes of young women.
Phil`har*mon"ic, n. One who loves harmony or music; also (Colloq.), short for Philharmonic Society, concert, assemblage, or the like.
||Phleg"e*thon (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, prop. p.pr. of &?; to blaze.] (Class Myth.) One of the principal rivers of Hades, in the channel of which fire flowed instead of water.
Fierce Phlegethon,
Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage.
Milton.
Phone, n. & v. t. Colloq. for Telephone.
Phos"phine (?), n. (Dyeing) Chrysaniline, often in the form of a salt.
Phosphorus steel. A steel in which the amount of phosphorus exceeds that of carbon.
Pho"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, light.] Of or pert. to light; specif., relating to the production of light by the lower animals.
Photic region. (Phytogeography) The uppermost zone of the sea, which receives the most light.
Pho"tism (?), n. [Gr. &?; illumination.] (Psycol.) A luminous image or appearance of a hallucinatory character.
||Pho`to*bac*te"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Photo-, and Bacterium.] (Bacteriol.) A genus including certain comma-shaped marine bacteria which emit bluish or greenish phosphorescence. Also, any microörganism of this group.
Pho`to*ce*ram"ics (?), n. Art or process of decorating pottery with photographically prepared designs. -- Pho`to*ce*ram"ic (#), a.
Pho`to*chro*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. &?; color + -graphy.] Art or process of printing colored photographs.
Pho`to*chro"mo*scope (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. &?; color + -scope.] 1. A device for giving shifting effects of color to a photograph. The unmounted print, made translucent, is illuminated from behind with colored light.
2. A combination of three optical lanterns for projecting objects on a screen in the colors of nature. The images of three partial photographs taken through color screens (red, green, and blue, respectively) are superimposed. Each image is given its own primary color, and these colors blend and reproduce the colors of the object.
Pho`to*chro"mo*type (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. &?; color + -type.] A colored print made photomechanically.
Pho`to*chro"mo*type, v. t. To represent by a colored print made by any photomechanical process.
Pho`to*chro"mo*typ`y (?), n. The art of making photochromotypes.
Pho`to*chron"o*graph (?), n. [Photo- + chronograph.] 1. (Physics) An instrument for recording minute intervals of time. The record is made by the power of a magnetic field, due to an electric signaling current, to turn the plane of polarization of light. A flash, coinciding in time and duration with the signal, is thus produced and is photographed on a moving plate.