Na*tal" boil (?). (Med.) = Aleppo boil.
||Na`ti*o*nal"rath` (?), n. [G.] (Switzerland) See Legislature.
Na"tive steel. A sort of steel which has been found where a burning coal seam had reduced and carbonized adjacent iron ore.
Nat"u*ral*ism, n. 1. The theory that art or literature should conform to nature; realism; also, the quality, rendering, or expression of art or literature executed according to this theory.
2. Specif., the principles and characteristics professed or represented by a 19th-century school of realistic writers, notably by Zola and Maupassant, who aimed to give a literal transcription of reality, and laid special stress on the analytic study of character, and on the scientific and experimental nature of their observation of life.
Nat"u*ral steel. Steel made by the direct refining of cast iron in a finery, or, as wootz, by a direct process from the ore.
Nau"heim treat`ment (?). (Med.) Orig., a method of therapeutic treatment administered, esp. for chronic diseases of the curculatory system, at Bad Nauheim, Germany, by G. Schott, consisting in baths in the natural mineral waters of that place, which are charged with carbonic acid, and the use of a graduated course of rest, physical exercises, massage, etc.; hence, any similar treatment using waters artificially charged with the essential ingredients of the natural mineral waters of Bad Nauheim. Hence, Nauheim bath, etc.
Na"vel or"ange. A type of orange in which the fruit incloses a small secondary fruit, the rind showing on the exterior a navel-like pit or depression at the apex. There are several varieties; they are usually seedless, or nearly so, and are much grown in California.
Na"vy blue`. Prussian blue.
Na*wab" (?), n. A rich, retired Anglo-Indian; a nabob.
Ne*an"der*thal` (?), a. (Anthropol.) Of, pertaining to, or named from, the Neanderthal, a valley in the Rhine Province, in which were found parts of a skeleton of an early type of man. The skull is characterized by extreme dolichocephaly, flat, retreating forehead, with closed frontal sutures, and enormous superciliary ridges. The cranial capacity is estimated at about 1,220 cubic centimeters, being about midway between that of the Pithecanthropus and modern man. Hence, designating the Neanderthal race, or man, a species supposed to have been widespread in paleolithic Europe.
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Ne*an`der*thal"oid (?), a. [Neanderthal + -oid.] (Anthropol.) Like, or pertaining to, the Neanderthal skull, or the type of man it represents.
{ Ne`a*pol"i*tan ice, Neapolitan ice cream }. (a) An ice or ice cream containing eggs as well as cream. (b) An ice or ice cream prepared in layers, as vanilla, strawberry, and chocolate ice cream, and orange or lemon water ice.
Near beer. Any of various malt liquors (see Citation).
Near beer is a term of common currency used to designate all that class of malt liquors which contain so little alcohol that they will not produce intoxication, though drunk to excess, and includes in its meaning all malt liquors which are not within the purview of the general prohibition law.
Cambell v. City of Thomasville, Georgia Appeal Records, 6 212.
Nec*rot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; dead person + &?; to cut.] (Med.) The dissection of dead bodies; also, excision of necrosed bone. -- Nec`ro*tom"ic (#), a. -- Nec*rot"o*mist (#), n.
Ne'er"-do-well` (?), n. A person who never does, or fares, well; a good for nothing.
The idle and dissolute ne'er-do-wells of their communities.
Harper's Mag.
Ne"gro*head` (?), n. An inferior commercial variety of India rubber made up into round masses.
Ne"groid (?), n. [Negro + - oid.] A member of any one of several East African tribes whose physical characters show an admixture with other races.
Ne`o*clas"sic (?), a. [Neo- + classic.] Belonging to, or designating, the modern revival of classical, esp. Greco-Roman, taste and manner of work in architecture, etc.
Neoclassic architecture. All that architecture which, since the beginning of the Italian Renaissance, about 1420, has been designed with deliberate imitation of Greco-Roman buildings.
Ne`o*crit"i*cism (?), n. [Neo- + classicism.] The form of Neo-Kantianism developed by French idealists, following C. Renouvier. It rejects the noumena of Kant, restricting knowledge to phenomena as constituted by a priori categories.
Ne`o-Dar"win*ism (?), n. The theory which holds natural selection, as explained by Darwin, to be the chief factor in the evolution of plants and animals, and denies the inheritance of acquired characters; -- esp. opposed to Neo- Lamarckism. Weismannism is an example of extreme Neo- Darwinism. -- Ne`o-Dar*win"i*an, a. & n.
Ne`o*dym"i*um (?), n. [NL. See Neo- , Didymium.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element occurring in combination with cerium, lanthanum, and other rare metals, and forming amethyst-colored salts. It was separated in 1885 by von Welsbach from praseodymium, the two having previously been regarded as a single element (didymium). It is chiefly trivalent. Symbol Nd; at. wt. 144.3.
Ne`o*gram*ma"ri*an (?), n. [Neo- + grammarian; a translation of G. junggrammatiker.] One of a group of philologists who apply phonetic laws more widely and strictly than was formerly done, and who maintain that these laws admit of no real exceptions. -- Ne`o*gram*mat"ic*al (#), a.
Ne`o-Greek", n. A member of a body of French painters (F. les néo-Grecs) of the middle 19th century. The term is rather one applied by outsiders to certain artists of grave and refined style, such as Hamon and Aubert, than a name adopted by the artists themselves.
Ne`o-He*bra"ic, a. Of, pert. to, or designating, modern Hebrew, or Hebrew of later date than the Biblical.
Neo-Hebraic, n. The modern Hebrew language.
Ne`o-He*ge"li*an, a. Of or pertaining to Neo-Hegelianism.
Neo-Hegelian, n. An adherent of Neo-Hegelianism.
Ne`o-He*ge"li*an*ism, n. The philosophy of a school of British and American idealists who follow Hegel in dialectical or logical method and in the general outcome of their doctrine. The founders and leaders of Neo-Hegelianism include: in England, T. H. Green (1836-1882); in Scotland, J. (1820-98) and E. (1835-1908) Caird; in the United States, W. T. Harris (1835-1909) and Josiah Royce (1855- -).
Ne`o-Hel*len"ic, n. Same as Romaic.
Ne`o-Hel"len*ism (?), n. Hellenism as surviving or revival in modern times; the practice or pursuit of ancient Greek ideals in modern life, art, or literature, as in the Renaissance.
Ne`o*im*pres"sion*ism (?), n. (Painting) A theory or practice which is a further development, on more rigorously scientific lines, of the theory and practice of Impressionism, originated by George Seurat (1859-91), and carried on by Paul Signac (1863- -) and others. Its method is marked by the laying of pure primary colors in minute dots upon a white ground, any given line being produced by a variation in the proportionate quantity of the primary colors employed. This method is also known as Pointillism (stippling).
Ne`o-Kant"i*an, a. Of or pertaining to Neo-Kantianism.
Neo-Kantian, n. An adherent of Neo- Kantianism.
Ne`o-Kant"i*an*ism, n. The philosophy of modern thinkers who follow Kant in his general theory of knowledge, esp. of a group of German philosophers including F. A. Lange, H. Cohen, Paul Natorp, and others.
Ne`o-La*marck"ism, n. (Biol.) Lamarckism as revived, modified, and expounded by recent biologists, esp. as maintaining that the offspring inherits characters acquired by the parent from change of environment, use or disuse of parts, etc.; -- opposed of Neo-Darwinism (which see, above). -- Ne`o-La*marck"i*an, a. & n.
Ne`o-Mal*thu"sian, a. Designating, or pertaining to, a group of modern economists who hold to the Malthusianism doctrine that permanent betterment of the general standard of living is impossible without decrease of competition by limitation of the number of births. -- Ne`o- Mal*thu"sian, Ne`o-Mal*thu"sian*ism, n.
Ne`o*pa"gan*ism, n. [Neo- + paganism.] Revived or new paganism.
Ne`o-Scho*las"tic, a. Of or pert. to Neo-Scholasticism.
Ne`o-Scho*las"ti*cism, n. The modern revival of the Scholastic philosophy, esp. of that of Thomas Aquinas, with critical revision to suit the exigencies of the general advance in learning. The Neo-Scholastic movement received a great impetus from Leo XIII.'s interest in it.
||Ne plus ul"tra (?). [L., no further; ne no, not + plus more + ultra beyond.] 1. The uttermost point to which one can go or attain; hence, the summit of achievement; the highest point or degree; the acme.
2. A prohibition against proceeding further; an insuperable obstacle or limiting condition. [Obs. or R.]
Ner"ka (?), n. [Russ. niarka, prob. fr. native name.] (Zoöl.) The most important salmon of Alaska (Oncorhinchus nerka), ascending in spring most rivers and lakes from Alaska to Oregon, Washington, and Idaho; -- called also red salmon, redfish, blueback, and sawqui.
||Ne`ro-an*ti"co (?), n. [It.; nero black + antico ancient.] (Art) A beautiful black marble found in fragments among Roman ruins, and usually thought to have come from ancient Laconia.
||Ne Te"me*re (?). [So named from L. ne not + temere rashly, the first two words in the decree.] (R. C. Ch.) A decree of the Congregation of the Council declaring invalid [so far as the laws of the Roman Catholic Church are concerned] any marriage of a Roman Catholic, or of a person who has ever been a Roman Catholic, if not contracted before a duty qualified priest (or the bishop of the diocese) and at least two witnesses. The decree was issued Aug. 2, 1907, and took effect on Easter Apr. 19, 1908. The decree by its terms does not affect mixed marriages (those between Roman Catholics and persons of another faith) in Germany.
||Net"su*ke (?), n. [Jap.] In Japanese costume and decorative art, a small object carved in wood, ivory, bone, or horn, or wrought in metal, and pierced with holes for cords by which it is connected, for convenience, with the inro, the smoking pouch (tabako-ire), and similar objects carried in the girdle. It is now much used on purses sold in Europe and America.
||Neuf`châ`tel" (?), n. A kind of soft sweet-milk cheese; -- so called from Neufchâtel-en-Bray in France.
{ Neu"tro*phile (?), Neu"tro*phil (?) }, n. [L. neuter + Gr. &?; loving.] (Physiol.) One of a group of leucocytes whose granules stain only with neutral dyes. -- Neu"tro*phil"ic (#), a., Neu*troph"i*lous (#), a.
New Thought. Any form of belief in mental healing other than (1) Christian Science and (2) hypnotism or psychotherapy. Its central principle is affirmative thought, or suggestion, employed with the conviction that man produces changes in his health, his finances, and his life by the adoption of a favorable mental attitude. AS a therapeutic doctrine it stands for silent and absent mental treatment, and the theory that all diseases are mental in origin. As a cult it has its unifying idea the inculcation of workable optimism in contrast with the "old thought" of sin, evil, predestination, and pessimistic resignation. The term is essentially synonymous with the term High Thought, used in England.
Ni"be*lung`en*lied` (?), n. [G. See Nibelungs; Lied.] A great medieval German epic of unknown authorship containing traditions which refer to the Burgundians at the time of Attila (called Etzel in the poem) and mythological elements pointing to heathen times.
Ni"be*lungs (?), n. pl.; sing. Nibelung (&?;) . In German mythology, the children of the mist, a race of dwarfs or demonic beings, the original possessors of the famous hoard and ring won by Siegfrid; also, the Burgundian kings in the Nibelungenlied.
Nick`el*o"de*on (?), n. [Nickel + odeon.] A place of entertainment, as for moving picture exhibition, charging a fee or admission price of five cents. [U. S.]
Nickel steel. A kind of cast steel containing nickel, which greatly increases its strength. It is used for armor plate, bicycle tubing, propeller shafts, etc.
Nic"o*tin*ism (?), n. [Nicotine + -ism.] (Med.) The morbid condition produced by the excessive use of tobacco.
Ni*el"lo (?), n. An impression on paper taken from the engraved or incised surface before the niello alloy has been inlaid.
Niep"ce's proc"ess (?). (Photog.) A process, now no longer used, invented by J. N. Niepce, a French chemist, in 1829. It depends upon the action of light in rendering a thin layer of bitumen, with which the plate is coated, insoluble.
Nig"ger*head` (?), n. A strong black chewing tobacco, usually in twisted plug form; negro head.
Nig"gle, v. t. 1. To use, spend, or do in a petty or trifling manner.