_Walks and Excursions near Prague_
To those visitors to Prague who have acquired some interest in the
history of the country no excursion will appeal more than that to the
White Mountain, 'the Chacronaea of Bohemia,' as it has been aptly
called. Leaving the Malá Strana by the now-demolished Strahov gate (near
the monastery of that name), we soon reach the White Mountain. Factories
built in modern times have considerably altered the aspect of the
ground. The plateau, which the Bohemian army occupied on the evening of
November 7, 1620, and where earthworks were hastily thrown up, and the
battle-field of the following day can, however, still be clearly
distinguished. The Bohemian lines extended from the village of Repy to
the 'Star' Park and the village of Liboc. The last and fiercest lighting
took place immediately outside the park. Dr. Krebs[54] writes: 'The
south-eastern angle of the "Star" Park became the grave of the national
independence of Bohemia. Every Bohemian who passes this spot should
remember, "It is holy ground on which I tread."' The Star Park is now a
favourite summer resort of the citizens of Prague, who, perhaps wisely,
appear to be intent rather on present pleasure than on gloomy memories
of the past.
'Little they think of those stout limbs
That moulder deep below.'
After the battle the Bohemian troops that still occupied the Royal
hunting lodge at the 'Star' capitulated, and the victorious Duke of
Bavaria spent there the night that followed the battle. Somewhat to the
south of the 'Star' is the Church of St. Mary, built in 1706 in
commemoration of the great defeat of the Bohemians. It is said that when
the Emperor Joseph II. visited this church he expressed his displeasure,
and he is said to have characteristically remarked 'that he wished to
reign over men, not over brutes,[55] who celebrated their own defeat.'
It must be added that the pilgrimages to this church on November 8 have
now entirely ceased.
From the village of Liboc the traveller can by rail reach in half an
hour the romantic valley of the Sarka.
Of the many walks in the immediate neighbourhood of Prague we may
mention that to the Petrin Hill, which has already been referred to. An
outlook tower has recently been built here. Favourite summer resorts of
the citizens of Prague are the Crown Prince Rudolph Park and the
adjoining Belvedere Gardens, and the Stromovka or Baumgarten.
Those who wish to visit the village of Sterbohol, where the Battle of
Prague (in 1757) principally raged, should start from the Francis Joseph
Station and leave the train at Hostivár, the second station. The spot
where General Schwerin fell is marked by a monument erected in 1824; a
second monument was erected in 1838 by King Frederick William III. of
Prussia.
From the State Railway Station the traveller can in half an hour reach
the station of Roztok, a place much frequented by the Praguers in summer
because of the beautiful scenery. Close to here is Levy Hradec,
historically interesting as the site of the most ancient Christian
church in Bohemia; it was built by Borivoj in 871. No traces of the
original building now remain.[56]
[Illustration: THE 'STAR' HUNTING LODGE]
A somewhat more distant excursion, but perhaps the most interesting, is
that to the Karlstyn Castle. It is reached in little more than an hour
from the Smichov Station of the western railway. The Karlstyn was built
by Charles IV. as a refuge for the Royal Family in time of war, and also
as a safe spot where the crown jewels and the treasury could be
deposited. It was built in a manner that rendered it for the time almost
impregnable, and it successfully resisted the attacks of Sigismund
Korybut during the Hussite Wars. In consequence of the importance of the
treasures the castle contained, the custodian (burgrave) of the Karlstyn
became one of the great dignitaries of Bohemia. Among the last to hold
this office was Count Thurn, afterwards celebrated as the originator of
the defenestration. His immediate successor, Martinic, one of the
victims of the defenestration, was the last to hold the office of
burgrave of the Karlstyn. With the autonomy of Bohemia the title was
naturally in abeyance after the Battle of the White Mountain. The castle
was built with great splendour, but many of the treasures it contained
were either dispersed or transported to Vienna. The present Emperor of
Austria--always a true friend of Bohemia--has lately (1901) given the
order that several of the pictures that formerly were in the Karlstyn
should be sent back there. The most valuable part of the building is the
Chapel of the Cross, that contains some interesting early Bohemian
paintings. Quite recently the Karlstyn has to a great extent been
restored in a manner that has not on the whole pleased the critics.
[Illustration: THE OLDEST GREAT SEAL OF THE MALÁ STRANA, THIRTEENTH
CENTURY]
NOTE
As the names of the streets, squares, etc., at Prague are now only
written in the national language, I have thought that a short list of
the most necessary Bohemian words would be welcome. It will be very
useful when using the plan of Prague that accompanies this book. It is
scarcely necessary to say that English is spoken in the principal hotels
of Prague. Those who feel inclined to learn the Bohemian language which,
though difficult, is philologically of the highest interest, will find
an able guide in Professor Morfill's _Grammar of the Bohemian or Cech
Language_.
Divadlo = theatre.
Hora = mountain; thus Bilá Hora, the White Mountain.
Chram or Kostel = church.
Na levo = to the left.
Na pravo = to the right.
Nábrezi = quay.
Nádrazi = railway station.
Námesti = square, market-place (the French 'place').
Nové Mesto = the new town.
Malá Strana = the small 'side' or quarter of Prague.
Most = bridge.
Ostrov = island; thus Zofinsky Ostrov, Sophia's Island.
Radnice--town hall.
Staré Mesto = the old town.
Trh = market.
Trida = street.
Ulice = street.
It may be useful to the traveller to know that the different districts
of Prague are numbered, and that since Vysehrad in 1883, Holesovic-Bubna
in 1884, and Liben in 1901 have become parts of Prague the numbers run
thus--
I. Staré Mesto. II. Nové Mesto. III. Malá Strana. IV. Hradcany. V.
Josefské Mesto (Joseph's, formerly the Jews' town). VI. Vysehrad. VII.
Holesovic-Bubna. VIII. Liben.
The suburbs Karlin, Smichov and Vinohrady ('the vineyards') do not as
yet form part of the city of Prague.
APPENDIX
The history of Prague is to so great an extent that of Bohemia, that if
I attempted to give a full list of my authorities, I should be obliged
to enumerate the works of the principal modern Bohemian historians, as
well as those of many older chroniclers and writers of history. In a
work where compression has been necessary on every page I could attempt
no such bibliographic study. Of historical writings, I mention only Dr.
Tomek's monumental work. I give the names only of a few books that deal
with the city of Prague and its architectural monuments. I have left
unnoticed the numerous monographs referring to Prague and the
publications of the Bohemian Museum, the Bohemian Scientific Society and
the Bohemian Academy. It is hardly necessary to state that I have also
used my own previous works on Bohemia.
AUTHORITIES
_Branis Dejing umeni stredovekcho v Cechách_ (History of Mediæval
Art in Bohemia). 2 vols. 1892-1893.
_Dolensky's Praha._ I have only been able to use the first parts of
this publication, which has just begun to appear.
_Herold and Oliva Malebné cesty po Praze_ (Picturesque Walks
through Prague). 4 vols. 1866-1896.
_Lebner, Monsignor._ Dejini umeni naroda ceského (History of the
Art of the Bohemian Nation); begun 1900, not yet completed.
_Neuwirth, Dr._ Geschichte der christlichen Kunst in Böhmen. 1 vol.
1888.
_Redel, Dr._ Das Sehenswürdige Prag. 1 vol. 1710.
_Svátek._ Culturhistorische Bilder aus Böhmen. 1 vol. 1879.
_Svátek._ Ze staré Prahy (of ancient Prague), 1 vol.
_Tomek, Dr._ Dejepis Mesta Prahy (History of the Town of Prague)
1855-1901. The twelve volumes that have already appeared contain
the history of Prague up to 1608.
PRINCES OF BOHEMIA.
Krok.
Premysl and Libusa.
Nezamysl.
Mnata.
Vojen.
Unislav.
Kresomysl.
Neklan.
Hostivit.
Borivoj I.
Spitihnev I.
Vratislav I.
Wenceslas I. 926-935
Boleslav I. 935-967
Boleslav II. 967-999
Boleslav III. 990-1002
Vladivoj 1002-1003
Jaromir 1003-1012
Ulrich 1012-1037
Bretislav I. 1037-1055
Spytihnev II. 1055-1061
Vratislav II. (King) 1061-1092
Bretislav II. 1092-1110
Borivoj II. 1110-1120
Vladislav I. 1120-1125
Sobeslav I. 1125-1140
Vladislav II. (as King I.) 1140-1173
Sobeslav II. 1173-1180
Frederick 1180-1189
Conrad Otho 1189-1191
Wenceslas II. 1191-1192
Premysl Ottokar 1192-1230
KINGS OF BOHEMIA
Wenceslas I. 1230-1253
Premysl Ottokar II. 1253-1278
Wenceslas II. 1278-1305
Wenceslas III. 1305-1306
Rudolph of Habsburg 1306-1307
Henry of Carinthia 1307-1310
John 1310-1346
Charles I. (IV.) 1346-1378
Wenceslas IV. 1378-1419
Sigismund 1436-1437
Albert of Habsburg 1437-1439
Ladislas Posthumus 1439-1457
George of Podebrad 1458-1471
Vladislav II. 1471-1516
Louis I. 1516-1526
Ferdinand I. 1526-1564
Maximilian 1564-1576
Rudolph II. 1576-1612
Matthias 1612-1619
Frederick of the Palatinate 1619-1620
Ferdinand II. 1619-1637
Ferdinand III. 1637-1657
Leopold I. 1657-1705
Joseph I. 1705-1711
Charles II. (VI.) 1711-1740
Maria Theresa 1740-1780
Charles of Bavaria 1741-1745
Joseph II. 1780-1790
Leopold II. 1790-1792
Francis 1792-1835
Ferdinand IV. (I.) 1835-1843
Francis Joseph 1848
I have continued the list of the rulers of Bohemia (many of whom were
Roman, and more recently Austrian Emperors) up to the present day, as
the title of King of Bohemia has always been retained by these
princes.
[Illustration: PRAGUE.]
[Illustration: SECTION I.
VIEW OF PRAGUE DURING THE REIGN OF RUDOLPH II. (In 3 Sections).
_After Sadeler's Famous Engraving,_
The Inscription on it states that in 1606, Ag. Sadeler, Engraver to His
Sacred Majesty, dedicated it to the noble, most worthy, and most prudent
Primators, Consuls and Senators of the Metropolitan Threefold Town of
Prague.]
[Illustration: SECTION II.
VIEW OF PRAGUE.
The Bridge contains as yet only a Crucifix but no Statues.]
[Illustration: SECTION III.
VIEW OF PRAGUE.]
INDEX
A
Albert, Archduke of Austria, crowned king, 77;
short reign and death, 77.
Albik, Archbishop of Prague, 38.
Albrecht Dürer, his 'Madonna,' 103, 156-159.
" 'Madonna and Child,' attributed to, 160.
Ales of Riesenburg, Regent of Bohemia, 69.
Archduke Ferdinand of Styria, succession of, to
throne opposed by Protestants, 108.
Archduke Leopold, Bishop of Passau, invades Bohemia, 107.
Archiepiscopal Palace destroyed by Praguers, 44.
_Articles of Prague_, the, 56, 64.
Artists, confraternity or guild of, founded by Charles, 18.
Austrian War of Succession, 132.
B
Bartos, 'the Writer,' quoted, 88-89.
Belvedere, erected by Ferdinand I., 90.
Benatky, ill-famed buildings known as, destroyed by Milic, 22.
Benes of Weitmil, old chronicler, quoted, 15-16, 17.
Bethlehem Chapel, 31, 174.
Bezalel, Rabbi Löwi, mysterious interview with Rudolph II., 11.
Bishopric of Prague, foundation of, 5.
" countries forming part of, 5-6.
Bohemia, national language of, temporary extinction of, 123;
its revival, 135-136.
Bohemia, national songs of, 136, 137.
" ancient constitution of, negotiations with
Austria for restitution of, 138.
" Queens of, right of crowning, 194.
Bohemian Brethren, 99.
" Museum, 134, 164-166.
" nation, permanent supremacy of, at University
secured by decree of Wenceslas IV., 35.
Bohemians resent favour shown to Germans, 11-12.
Boleslav I., Prince of Bohemia, 5.
Boleslav II., Prince of Bohemia, 5-6.
Borivoj, first Christian ruler of Bohemia, 5;
dedicates church to Virgin, 5.
Broumov, Protestant church of, closed, 108.
C
Campanile, 180.
Carolinum, becomes centre of University, 18.
" meeting at, beginning of Hussite struggle, 32.
" _disputatio_ at, concerning crusade against King of Naples, 37.
" Synod of Bohemian clergy at, 64.
" truce meeting at, 67;
its connection with career of Hus, and present condition of, 178.
Chapel of St. Martin, romanesque, 182-183.
Chapel of the Holy Cross, romanesque, 174.
Charles IV. (I. as King), 15 ff.;
founds new city of Prague, 15;
speech concerning the founding of the University, 17;
rebuilds St. Vitus's Cathedral, 18.
Charles Bridge, or Bridge of Prague, 12, 173, 187-193;
statues on, 189-193.
Christianity, introduction of into Bohemia, 4.
Churches--St. George, 194.
" St. Nicholas, 156.
" St. Peter and St. Paul, legend in connection with, 183-185.
" St. Vitus, 149-155.
" Tyn Church, the, 155-156.
" Karlov, or Church of the Ascension, 185-186.
Cities, the three, 22, 70;
united into one municipal corporation, 132-133.
Civic Museum, 179-180.
Clock, ancient, at Town Hall, 168.
Clementinum, Jesuit College, 173.
_Compacts_, the, 70;
sanction of, brought to Prague, 74;
stolen and recovered, 78.
Confederacy of Strakonic, the, 80.
_Confessio Bohemia_, 100, 106.
Conrad of Vechta, Archbishop of Prague, joins national Church, 64.
Conrad Waldhauser, forerunner of Hus, effect of preaching of, 19-20.
Cosmas of Prague, quoted, 1, 3.
Council of Basel, 65, 68, 70.
Council of Constance, 41.
Count Thurn, leader of Protestant Estates, 108 ff.
_Crusaders_, 49, 51, 55, 57.
_Crusade_, the New, failure of, 66.
D
Dalibor, 195.
Daliborka and Mikulka (white and black towers), 8, 195.
Dalimil, old chronicler, quoted, 11-12.
Dee, Dr. John, at Prague, 104
Defenestration (traditional death for traitors), 43, 110-113.
E
Ebendorf of Haselbach, quoted, 55.
Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 117;
her unpopularity, 117-118.
Ernest of Pardubic, first Archbishop of Prague,
and first Chancellor of the University, 16.
Eschenloer, chronicler, quoted, 81.
Estates, meeting of, at Prague, 17, 81, 82, 85, 89,93;
meeting of, summoned without consent of King, 95;
bloody Diet convoked, 99;
Diets under Maximilian, 99, 100;
under Rudolph, 105;
presided over by Budova, 106.
" accept Archduke Ferdinand of Styria as heir to the throne, 108.
" Protestant, meeting of, 108, 109.
" summoned to Hradcany Palace, 109.
" secret meeting of, at Smiricky Palace, 109.
" decide to throw Royal councillors
from windows of Hradcany Palace, 109-110.
" carry out resolution, 110-113.
" institute provisional Government, 113.
" meeting of general Diet, 113;
crown offered to Count Palatine, 113.
" assembly of Bohemian Diet, 138.
Excursions round Prague, 197-200.
F
Ferdinand of Austria, Archduke, elected King, 90;
coronation and festivities, 90;
strengthens Royal prerogative, 93;
his Bohemian subjects refuse to arm, 93-95;
his punishment of town, 96-99;
death, 99.
Ferdinand Street, Fruit Street, and
Graben, main thoroughfare of Prague, 177.
Foges, Mr., quoted, 8, 11.
Fountain, designed by Tertio of Bergamo, 196.
Francis Joseph, King of Bohemia, his descent from Premysl, 3.
Frederick, Count Palatine, accepts crown of Bohemia, 117;
reception and coronation, 117;
his short-lived popularity, 117;
deserts his army, 118;
his behaviour on receiving news of Battle of White Mountain, 123.
Frederick the Great storms Prague, 133;
encamps on White Mountain, 133;
Battle of Prague, 134.
G
Gallus Cahera, preacher of the Tyn Church, 90.
German character of old town of Prague, 6-7.
German immigrants in Prague favoured by the Sovereigns, 6, 11-12.
German masters and students leave Prague, 35.
Graben, the, origin of name, 7.
H
Hajek of Libocan, chronicler, quoted, 4, 26-27.
Harnack, Dr., quoted, 32.
Henry of Plumlov, Captain of Moravia, 58-59.
Hollar, Wenceslas, engravings by, 173.
Hradcany Castle, held by Royal troops, 44 ff;
truce meeting at, 67;
stormed by Wallenstein, 128;
seized by General Königsmark, 131.
Hradcany Hill, site of old foundation of Prague, 3;
old castle on, 4, 142;
later buildings, 142;
early Christian church built on, 4, 5;
fortifications of, 8.
Hrob, Protestant church at, destroyed, 108.
Hus, John, 30 ff.;
forerunners of, 19;
sermon as a young preacher, 25-26;
begins preaching at Bethlehem Chapel, 31;
his teaching, 32;
protest against his preaching, 32-33;
his letter to the Archbishop, 35;
excommunicated, 36;
attacks the use of indulgences, 37;
flees from Prague, 37;
attempts made during his absence to assuage religious differences, 38;
proceeds to Council of Constance, 41;
imprisonment and death, 41;
indignation among Bohemian nobles caused by, 41-42.
Hus and Hieronymus, bells known as, 155-156.
Hynek Krusina, Utraquist nobleman, 51, 57, 59.
J
Jerusalem, building erected on site of Benatky, 22.
Jewish Colony of Prague, 8-9.
Jewish quarter, Joseph's Town, 172.
John Augusta, head of Bohemian Brethren, arrest and torture of, 99.
John Kolda of Zampach, rises against Sigismund, 74.
John of Carvajal, Papal envoy, 77-78;
carries off the Compacts, 78.
John of Luxemburg, becomes king, 15;
his campaigns, invitation to knights of Europe, and death at Crecy, 15.
John of Pomuk, or Nepomuk, conflict of, with Wenceslas, 26-29;
death, 29.
John of Sadlo, Utraquist noble, 65.
John Rohác of Duba, cruelty of Sigismund to, 73-74.
Joseph Tyl, composer, 136.
K
Karlov, the, built by Charles, 18.
Kelley, Edward, at Prague, 104.
Keppler, astronomer, guest of King Rudolph, 103.
Konopist, treaty of, 66.
Korybut, Prince Sigismund, chosen as ruler by Utraquist nobles, 66;
his downfall, 67;
returns to his own country, 68.
Kraluv Dvor, King's Court, 167.
Krok, or Crocus, Sovereign of Bohemia, 1.
Kunstat Hr, war-cry, 79.
Kutna Hora, decrees of, 35.
L
Ladislas, King of Naples, crusade against, 36-37.
Ladislas Posthumus, crowned king, 81;
premature death, 81.
_League of the Lords_, 24.
Lechler, Dr., quoted, 35.
_Letter of Majesty_, 106.
Levy Hradec, earliest building devoted to Christian worship, 5.
Libussa, youngest daughter of Krok, description of by Cosmas of Prague, 1;
her powers as a soothsayer, 2, 3;
her choice of husband, 2;
foundation of town ascribed to, 3.
Lipan, great battle of, 69-70.
Louis, succeeds Vladislav as King, 88;
killed in battle, 89.
M
Magister Pribram, leader of moderate party, 67.
Malá Strana, 4, 22;
fortified, 8;
attacked by Hussites, 44;
town hall of, destroyed by Royalists, 44;
stormed by Wallenstein, 128;
seized by General Königsmark, 131.
Manifesto of Praguers after battle of Vysehrad, 60.
Maria Theresa crowned at Prague, 132.
Market-place, 168.
Martini, Royal councillor, thrown from window, 110-113.
Matthias, his perfidy towards King Rudolph, 104-105;
succeeds Rudolph, 107;
death, 113.
Maximilian, succeeds Ferdinand I. as King, 99;
his concessions to the Protestants, 100;
death, 103.
Milic, forerunner of Hus, his preaching, etc., 20-22.
Mlada, Princess, convent built by, 194.
Monasteries--Mount Sion or Strahov, 156-157.
" Capuchin, 159-160.
" Emaus, 160-161.
Monstrelet, quoted, 52.
Morley, Mr. John, quoted, 53.
Mühlberg, defeat of Protestants at, 96.
N
Nicholas of Pelhrimov, Bohemian envoy, 68.
O
Orebites, 57.
Ottokar II., King, 7-8;
his departure on last campaign, 11-12;
news of his death, 12.
P
Palaces--Nostic, 140.
" Kinsky, 140.
" Count Clam Gallas, 140-141.
" Royal Castle of Hradcany Hill, history of, 142-144;
description of, as it stands, 144-147.
" Waldstem, 148.
" Morzin, 148.
" Schwarzenberg, 148.
" Counts Oswald and Francis Thurn, 148.
Palacky, quoted, 5, 6, 18, 23, 26, 55, 70, 87.
Papal Schism, reform movement brought to a crisis by, 36-37.
Pappenheim, General, tomb of, 156.
Pasek and Hlavsa dispute supremacy at Prague, 86-87, 88.
Peter Payne, leader of advanced party, 67-68.
Podebrad, George, head of national party, 75, 76;
takes possession of town, 77;
governor of Prague, 78;
crowned King, 82;
reign and death, 83.
Poric Street, houses formerly on site of, 4.
Prague, origin of name, 3;
ancient record of foundation, 3;
uncertain date of same, 4;
Bishopric of, 5;
becomes an Archbishopric, 6, 16;
elements composing population of, 6, 7;
new town founded, 6;
old town enclosed, 7;
fortifications, 8;
new city founded, 15;
special privileges enjoyed by, 16;
University founded, 16;
division of town in time of Charles I., 22;
besieged, 25;
constitution of after the battle of Vysehrad, 63;
besieged during war of Austrian Succession, 132;
stormed by Frederick the Great, 133;
battle of Prague, 134;
occupied by Prussians, 138.
Praguers, as distinguished from Romanists and Taborites, 63;
civil war with Taborites, 66.
Prasná Brana (Powder Tower), 7, 167.
Premysl, husband of Lubissa, 2, 3.
Premyslide dynasty, extinction of, 12-15.
Prokop the Great, leader of Taborites, 69.
_Protestatio Bohemorum_, 41-42.
Ptacek, head of national party, 77.
R
Rokycan, afterward Utraquist Archbishop
of Prague, preaches at the Tyn Church, 66;
leader of advanced party, 67;
at Council of Basel, 68;
elected Archbishop, 73;
dispute with Bishop Philibert of Constance, 73;
leaves Prague, 74;
returns, 80;
hostility of Ladislas to, 81;
death, 85.
Rubes, composer, 136.
Rudolph, son of Maximilian, coronation of, 100-101;
his embellishment of Prague and collection
of art treasures, 103, 131, 143-144;
perfidy of his brother Matthias, 104-105;
signs _Letter of Majesty_, 106;
forced to abdicate, 107;
death, 107.
Rudolphinum, 172.
Ruppa, head of provisional government, 113.
S
Sadeler, engravings of Prague by, 103.
St. George, statue of, 193.
St. Nicholas, monastery of, destroyed by Royal troops, 44.
St. Vitus, arm of, sent to Wenceslas, 5.
" cathedral of, first buildings on site of, 5.
" style of early church, 5.
" remains of Wenceslas conveyed to, 5;
rebuilt and enlarged, 18;
altar and paintings of, removed by Frederick, 117;
history of, 149-152;
description of, as it stands, 152-155.
Sigismund, King of Hungary, arrives in Bohemia, 47;
his reception of Praguers, 47;
incites Pope to issue bull calling to arms against the heretics, 48;
nation rises against him, 48;
his reception of envoys, 50-51;
marches on Prague, 51-52;
attack on town and defeat, 54-55;
crowned King of Bohemia, 56;
breaks up camp and retires, 57;
returns to Prague, 57;
is defeated and flees, 59;
recognised as King by the Bohemians, 70;
entry into Prague, 70;
dies on return journey to Hungary, 74.
Sixt of Ottersdorf, historian, 96.
Skála ze Zhore, his description of the defenestration, 110-113;
of last moments of prisoners, executed after
battle of White Mountain, 125-126.
Slavata, royal councillor, thrown from window, 110-113.
Slavic Congress, 137-138, 177.
Slavic balls at Prague, 136.
Smiricky Palace, 109.
Sophia, Queen, as Regent, 43-44.
Sophia's Island, 177.
Spitalské Pole (hospital field), meeting at, 66-67.
Staré Mesto (old town), and Nové Mesto (new town), 4, 22;
antagonism between, 69.
Star Palace, arrival of Frederick at, 117.
Star Park, 119.
_Suburbium Pragense_, 4.
T
Taborites, 47.
Tauss, defeat of Royal troops at, 68.
Thietmas, first Bishop of Prague, 6.
Tomek, Professor, quoted, 4, 11, 18, 24, 41, 64, 73.
Towers, ancient, on Hradcany Hill, 194-196.
Town Hall, 168-172.
Treaty of Westphalia, 131.
Tycho Brahe and Tennagel, King Rudolph's guests, 103;
latter a prisoner, 196.
Tyn Church, the, rectors of, 21, 22.
U
U Halanko, ancient house known as, 174-175.
University of Prague, founded, 16, 17;
modelled on that of Paris, 17;
lectures at, 17-18;
recognised as supreme authority in matters of doctrine, 42.
Utraquists, 2-43, 49;
truce of, with Praguers, 47.
V
Velica Obec, great assembly of Prague, 63.
Victor of Podebrad, 57.
Vladislav II., elected King, 86;
riots at Prague during his absence, 87;
death, 88.
Vojtech, Bishop of Prague, 6.
Vratislav II., Prince, 6.
Vysehrad, earliest inhabited spot, 1, 3;
church built on, 5;
fortress of, carried by assault by Hussites, 44;
siege of, by citizens, 57-59;
porm of, by Zeyer, 182.
W
Wenceslas I., Prince of Bohemia, 4;
receives tonsure, 5;
churches built by, 5;
murdered, 5.
Wenceslas I., King of Bohemia, 7.
Wenceslas IV., King of Bohemia, successor to Charles I., 23 ff.;
his favour towards Hus, and foreign policy, 23-24;
his popularity with the citizens, 24;
animosity to, of Bohemian nobles, 24;
made prisoner and released, 25;
again imprisoned and escapes, 26;
his conflict with John of Pomuk, 26-27;
his decrees of Kutna Hora, 35;
his support of reform party, 38;
his decree reinstating priests deprived of their livings, 42;
death, 43.
Wenceslas of Budova, 105, 106.
Wenceslas Chapel, 90.
White Mountain, battle of, 31, 42, 43;
leaders on either side, 114;
account of, 118-120;
complete change in condition of Bohemia caused by, 123;
arrest and executions after defeat of Protestants at, 124-126.
Wycliffe, works of, burnt, 36.
Z
Zbynek Zajic of Hasenburg, Archbishop of Prague, 32;
letter of Hus to, 35.
Zelivo, John of, leader of Utraquists, 43;
denounces Sigismund, 48;
suggests meeting of defenders of Utraquist cause, 49;
his popularity and influence, 63;
heads democratic party, 64, 65;
sudden arrest of, and decapitation, 65.
Zeyer, poet, 182; monument to, 185.
Zizka, 43, 47; arrives with his men at Prague, 51;
his heroism, 54.
Zizka's Hill, victory of, 54, 55.
Zizkov, 180.
_Colston & Coy. Limited, Printers, Edinburgh._
FOOTNOTES:
[1] The hill near Prague still known as the Petrin, or in German
'Laurenziberg.'
[2] In Bohemian 'prah.'
[3] These will be found at the end of this volume.
[4] _See_ Chapter VIII.
[5] It may not be unnecessary to caution English readers against
confusing the name of this prince with that of the town of Stará
Boleslav; in German, Alt Bunzlau.
[6] In his _Alterthümer der Prager Josefstadt_ (_i.e._, Jewish town).
This very curious little book, dedicated to the late Sir Moses
Montefiore, who visited Prague on his way to Palestine, contains a
great deal of little-known information concerning the Jewish colony at
Prague.
[7] _See_ note, p. 3. The Petrin was the place where the executions
generally took place.
[8] The yet more ancient author of the Alexandreis also expressed
fear that 'soon no Bohemian would any longer be seen on the bridge of
Prague.' Hus also refers to the bridge when he states 'that it would
be easier to find a stag with golden antlers on the bridge of Prague
than a worthy priest.'
[9] His disciple, Matthew of Janov, writes: 'Ipse Milicius, filius
et imago domini Jesu Christi, apostolorumque ipsius similitudo prope
expressa et ostensa.'
[10] _Dogmengeschichte_, Vol. III., pp. 434-435.
[11] Dubravius, _Historia Bohemiæ_.
[12] Laurence of Brezov.
[13] The German names are Schlan and Leitmeritz.
[14] _i.e._, Heretic.
[15] Their contents will be found in my _Bohemia: An Historical
Sketch_, p. 164.
[16] _See_ Chapter VII.
[17] The Orebites were a military community similar to that of Tabor.
Their centre was a hill near Kralové Hradec (Koniggratz), to which
they had given the Biblical name of Oreb.
[18] Contrary to what has often been written, he was no relation of
John Hus.
[19] In Bohemian, 'cep.' Specimens of this formidable weapon can be
seen in the Bohemian Museum.
[20] Printed in Palacky's _History of Bohemia_.
[21] Laurence of Brezov writes of him that 'veritatem communionis
Utriusque specici fideliter promovendo omnes deordinationes in lege
Domini non fundatas quantum valuit persequebatur.'
[22] O Zajeti Sigmunda Korybuta.--_Vybor z Literatury Ceské_, I.
[23] In German 'Brünn' and 'Jglau.'
[24] _i.e._, The old town, new town, and 'small quarter.'
[25] The Corpus Christi Chapel was destroyed in 1798. The tablets are
now preserved in the Bohemian Museum.
[26] George was Lord of Kunstat as well as of Podebrad.
[27] A painting by the great Bohemian artist Brozik, representing this
event, can be seen in the town hall.
[28] It is of interest to quote in the original the bishop's words:
'Recogitate providi viri qualis vestra Praga fuit olim inclita civitas
quando sub hoc pontificatu fideliter stetit; quales habuit cives
et incolas ditissimos Utriusque status ditissimos; nec fuit Pragae
similis urbs in multis nationibus non Norberga, non Vienna, non
Wratislawia neque inclita Colonia illi aliquando poterant comparari;
nescimus an Roma, Venetia aut Florentia aut alia quaecunque sub coelo
civitas Pragae tunc similis fuit.'
[29] I have referred to Bartos in my _History of Bohemian Literature_,
pp. 299-303. Mr. Denis has given a good account of the antagonism
between Pasek and Hlavsa in his brilliant _Fin de l'Indépendance
Bohême_.
[30] For Sixt of Ottersdorf _see_ my _History of Bohemian Literature_,
pp. 303-304.
[31] It appears that the conduct of Charles V., Ferdinand's brother,
who had in 1539 deprived the city of Ghent of all its ancient
privileges, contributed largely to rendering the citizens of Prague
suspicious.
[32] The adventures of these two English alchemists in Bohemia are
fully described in Mr. Svátek's (German) _Culturhistorische Bilder aus
Böhmen_.
[33] A village on the outskirts of Prague that has in the present
year--1901--been incorporated with the town.
[34] _See_ p. 100.
[35] The size of this book obviously excludes all controversial
matter. I have entered fully into the question in my _Bohemia: A
Historical Sketch_, pp. 301-308.
[36] This palace is traditionally identified with the house known as
'U Montagu,' between the Malostranské Námesti and the Nerudova Ulice.
A tablet stating that the defenestration had been planned here was
placed on this house, but almost immediately removed.
[37] Dr Krebs, _Die Schlacht am Weissen Berge_.
[38] _See_ Chapter VIII.
[39] _See_ Chapter VIII.
[40] 'Clamore mulierum horrendo rex perterritus arcem
repetebat.'--Andreas ab Habernfeld Bellum Bohemicum.
[41] I have translated a small portion of this account in my _History
of Bohemian Literature_, pp. 342-344. The account above is also
abridged from Skála.
[42] Not 100, as stated in Murray's Guide Book.
[43] 'Ecclesiam Sancti Viti quam Sanctus Wenceslaus construxerat ad
similitudinem Romanae ecclesiae rotundam.'--_Cosmas Pragensis._
[44] The old chronicler Cosmas always calls it 'Sanctorum Martyrum
Viti, Wenceslai atque Adalberti ecclesia.'
[45] This legend forms the subject of a very fine poem by the gifted
Bohemian poet, Svatopluk Cech. It has been admirably translated into
German by the late Professor Albrecht.
[46] Dr. Podlaha and Mr. Sittler have in the present year (1901)
published a beautifully illustrated notice of the Loretto Treasury.
[47] Rudolph was a great collector of Albrecht Dürer's pictures;
this perhaps accounts for this picture being--undoubtedly
wrongly--attributed to Dürer.
[48] _See_ my _History of Bohemian Literature_, p. 93.
[49] _See_ Professor Léger's _L'Evangile de Rheims_.
[50] There are two churches of St. Nicholas at Prague; the one
mentioned above, and another in the Malá Strana.
[51] As a writer on Prague must almost assume ignorance of the
national language on the part of his readers, I may mention that an
excellent German translation of this poem by Mrs. Malybrok-Stieler has
recently been published by Mr. Rivnác at Prague.
[52] In his _Hundert Tage in Oesterreich_. I quote from the English
translation, published by Messrs. Chapman & Hall in 1844.
[53] _See_ my _Bohemia: A Historical Sketch_.
[54] In his _Die Schlacht am Weissen Berge_.
[55] In German 'Bestien.'
[56] Some remains of the ancient structure appear to have existed in
comparatively recent times. In his _Phosphorus Septicornus_ Pesina
(1629-1680) writes of the 'castellum Hradec uno atque medio infra
Pragam milieri' that 'castelli hujus rudera hodique spectantur in
quorum medio templum ... adhuc integrum.'
* * * * *
Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:
Vaclavské Namesti=> Vaclavské Námesti {pg xviii}
Mala Strana (small quarter)=> Malá Strana (small quarter) {pg 4}
Ovocna ulice=> Ovocná ulice {pg 7}
Staromestske Námesti=> Staromestské Námesti {pg 24}
Celetná ulice=> Celetna ulice {pg 24}
the Wyclefites=> the Wycleffites {pg 48}
Celetna Ulice=> Celetná Ulice {pg 95}
to re-establish Protestanism=> to re-establish Protestantism {pg 128}
the Matternich period=> the Metternich period {pg 136}
was orginally a chapel=> was originally a chapel {pg 155}
the seventeeth century=> the seventeenth century {pg 156}
'Ehrermietglied' the name of 'Von Göthe, Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenachser,
Staatsminister and Geheimer Rath. This was not corrected to=>
'Ehrenmitglied' the name of 'Von Göthe, Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenacher,
Staatsminister und Geheimer Rath. {pg 164}
Jerome Lutzow=> Jerome Lützow {pg 164}
Mr. Svatek writes=> Mr. Svátek writes {pg 187}
renders Mr. Svatek's=> renders Mr. Svátek's {pg 187}
_Redel, Dr._ Das schenswürdige Prag. 1 vol. 1710. This was not corrected
to=> _Redel, Dr._ Das Sehenswürdige Prag. 1 vol. 1710. {pg 204}
Skala ze Zhore=> Skála ze Zhore {pg 211}
End of Project Gutenberg's The Story of Prague, by Count Francis Lützow