Eritrean Democratic Party (EDP) [HAGOS, Mesfin]; Eritrean
Islamic Jihad or EIJ (includes Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement or
EIJM also known as the Abu Sihel Movement); Eritrean Islamic
Salvation or EIS (also known as the Arafa Movement); Eritrean
Liberation Front or ELF [ABDULLAH Muhammed]; Eritrean National
Alliance or ENA (a coalition including EIJ, EIS, ELF, and a number
of ELF factions) [HERUY Tedla Biru]; Eritrean Public Forum or EPF
[ARADOM Iyob]
Estonia
Nochnoy Dozor/Night Watch anti-fascist movement (leader
Alexander KOROBOV)
Ethiopia
Ethiopian People's Patriotic Front or EPPF; Ogaden National
Liberation Front or ONLF; Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa]
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Falkland Islands Association
(supports freedom of the people from external causes)
Faroe Islands
Sea Shepard [Paul WATSON] (preservation of small
whales)
other: conservationists
Fiji
Group Against Racial Discrimination or GARD [Dr. Anirudk SINGH]
(for restoration of a democratic government); Viti Landowners
Association
France
Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail or CFDT,
left-leaning labor union with approximately 803,000 members;
Confederation Generale des Cadres or CGC, independent white-collar
union with 196,000 members; Confederation Generale du Travail or
CGT, historically communist labor union with approximately 700,000
members; Confederation Generale du Travail - Force Ouvriere or FO,
independent labor union with an estimated 300,000 members; Mouvement
des Entreprises de France or MEDEF, employers' union with 750,000
companies as members (claimed)
French Guiana: conservationists; gold mining pressure groups;
hunting pressure groups
Guadeloupe: Christian Movement for the Liberation of Guadeloupe or
KLPG; General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers or CGT-G; General
Union of Guadeloupe Workers or UGTG; Movement for an Independent
Guadeloupe or MPGI; The Socialist Renewal Movement
Martinique: Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance or ARC; Central Union
for Martinique Workers or CSTM; Frantz Fanon Circle; League of
Workers and Peasants; Proletarian Action Group or GAP
Reunion: NA
French Polynesia
NA
Gabon
NA
Gambia, The
National Environment Agency or NEA; West African Peace
Building Network-Gambian Chapter or WANEB-GAMBIA; Youth Employment
Network Gambia or YENGambia
other: special needs group advocates; teachers and principals
Georgia
other: Georgian independent deputies from Abkhaz government
in exile; separatists in the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South
Ossetia
Germany
other: business associations and employers' organizations;
religious, trade unions, immigrant, expellee, and veterans groups
Ghana
Christian Aid (water rights); Committee for Joint Action or
CJA (education reform); National Coalition Against the Privatization
of Water or CAP (water rights); Oxfam (water rights); Public Citizen
(water rights); Students Coalition Against EPA [Kwabena Ososukene
OKAI] (education reform); Third World Network (education reform)
Gibraltar
Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives
Organization; Women's Association
Greece
Civil Servants Confederation or ADEDY [Spyros PAPASPYROS];
Federation of Greek Industries or SEV [Dimitris DASKALOPOULOS];
General Confederation of Greek Workers or GSEE [Ioannis PANAGOPOULOS]
Greenland
other: conservationists; environmentalists
Grenada
Committee for Human Rights in Grenada or CHRG; New Jewel
Movement Support Group; The British Grenada Friendship Society; The
New Jewel 19 Committee
Guam
Guam Federation of Teachers' Union; Guam Waterworks Authority
Workers
other: activists; indigenous groups
Guatemala
Agrarian Owners Group or UNAGRO; Alliance Against Impunity
or AAI; Committee for Campesino Unity or CUC; Coordinating Committee
of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations
or CACIF; Mutual Support Group or GAM
Guernsey
Stop Traffic Endangering Pedestrian Safety or STEPS; No
More Masts [Colin FALLAIZE]
Guinea
National Confederation of Guinean Workers-Labor Union of
Guinean Workers or CNTG-USTG Alliance (includes National
Confederation of Guinean Workers or CNTG [Rabiatou Sarah DIALLO] and
Labor Union of Guinean Workers or USTG [Dr. Ibrahima FOFANA]);
National Council of Civil Society Organizations of Guinea or CNOSCG
[Ben Sekou SYLLA]; Syndicate of Guinean Teachers and Researchers or
SLECG [Dr. Louis M'Bemba SOUMAH]
Guinea-Bissau
NA
Guyana
Amerindian People's Association; Guyana Bar Association;
Guyana Citizens Initiative; Guyana Human Rights Association; Guyana
Public Service Union or GPSU; Private Sector Commission; Trades
Union Congress
Haiti
Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole
ST-CYR]; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Federation of
Workers Trade Unions or FOS; General Organization of Independent
Haitian Workers [Patrick NUMAS]; Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, or
KOREGA; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement
or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE]; Popular Organizations Gathering
Power or PROP; Protestant Federation of Haiti; Roman Catholic Church
Holy See (Vatican City)
none (exclusive of influence exercised by
church officers)
Honduras
Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or
CODEH; Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating
Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers
Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or
COHEP; National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH;
National Union of Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United
Confederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH
Hong Kong
Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (pro-China); Chinese
Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Confederation of Trade
Unions or CTU (pro-democracy) [LAU Chin-shek, president; LEE
Cheuk-yan, general secretary]; Federation of Hong Kong Industries;
Federation of Trade Unions or FTU (pro-China) [CHENG Yiu-tong,
executive councilor]; Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic
Democratic Movement in China [Szeto WAH, chairman]; Hong Kong and
Kowloon Trade Union Council (pro-Taiwan); Hong Kong General Chamber
of Commerce; Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union [CHEUNG
Man-kwong, president]; Neighborhood and Workers' Service Center or
NWSC (pro-democracy); The Alliance [Bernard CHARNWUT, executive
committee member]
Hungary
Air Work Group (works to reduce air pollution in towns and
cities); Company For Freedom Rights (Tarsasag a Szabadsagjogokert)
or TASZ (personal data protection); Danube Circle (protests the
building of the Gabchikovo-Nagymaros dam); Green Future (protests
the impact of lead contamination of local factory on health of the
people); environmentalists: Hungarian Ornithological and Nature
Conservation Society (Magyar Madartani Egyesulet)or MME; Green
Alternative (Zold Alternativa)
Iceland
Icelandic Psychiatric Human Rights Group
India
All Parties Hurriyat Conference in the Kashmir Valley
(separatist group); Bajrang Dal (religious organization); National
Socialist Council of Nagaland in the northeast (separatist group);
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (religious organization); Vishwa Hindu
Parishad (religious organization
other: numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations;
various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional
autonomy
Indonesia
Indonesian Women's Coalition (Koalisi Perempuan - human
rights group); Islamic Defenders Front or FPI; National Alliance for
Freedom of Religion and Faith; Oil Palm Watch (environmental)
Iran
groups that generally support the Islamic Republic: Ansar-e
Hizballah-Islamic Coalition Party (Motalefeh); Followers of the Line
of the Imam and the Leader; Islamic Engineers Society; Tehran
Militant Clergy Association (Ruhaniyat); active pro-reform student
group: Office of Strengthening Unity (OSU); opposition groups:
Baluchistan People's Party (BPP); Freedom Movement of Iran; Marz-e
Por Gohar; National Front; and various ethnic and Monarchist
organizations; armed political groups that have been repressed by
the government: Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI);
Jundallah; Komala; Mujahidin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO);
People's Fedayeen; People's Free Life Party of Kurdistan (PJAK)
Iraq
Sunni militias; Shia militias, some associated with political
parties
Ireland
Families Acting for Innocent Relatives or FAIR [Brian
McCONNELL] (seek compensation for victims of violence); Families
Against Intimidation and Terror or FAIT (oppose terrorism);
Gaeltacht Civil Rights Campaign (Coiste Cearta Sibhialta na Gaeilge)
or CCSG (encourages the use of the Irish language and campaigns for
greater civil rights in Irish speaking areas); Irish Republican Army
or IRA (terrorist group); Keep Ireland Open (environmental group);
Midland Railway Action Group or MRAG [Willie ALLEN] (transportation
promoters); Rail Users Ireland (formerly the Platform 11 -
transportation promoters); 32 Country Sovereignty Movement or 32CSM
(supports a fully sovereign Ireland); Ulster Defence Association or
UDA (terrorist group)
Isle of Man
Alliance for Progressive Government or APG (a government
watchdog); Mec Vannin (political party advocating a sovereign state
and environment policies); note - has only had one member elected to
the Tynwald
Israel
B'Tselem [Jessica MONTELL, Executive Director] monitors human
rights abuses; Peace Now [Yariv OPPENHEIMER, Secretary General]
supports territorial concessions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip;
YESHA Council of Settlements [Danny DAYAN, Chairman] promotes
settler interests and opposes territorial compromise
Italy
manufacturers and merchants associations - Confcommercio;
Confindustria; organized farm groups - Confcoltivatori;
Confagricoltura; Roman Catholic Church; three major trade union
confederations - Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL
[Guglielmo EPIFANI] which is left wing; Confederazione Italiana dei
Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL [Raffaele BONANNO], which is Roman
Catholic centrist; Unione Italiana del Lavoro or UIL [Luigi
ANGELETTI] which is lay centrist)
Jamaica
New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black
religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists)
Japan
other: business groups; trade unions
Jersey
Institute of Directors, Jersey branch (provides business
support); Jersey Hospitality Association [Robert JONES] (trade
association); Jersey Rights Association [David ROTHERHAM] (human
rights); La Societe Jersiaise (education and conservation group);
Progress Jersey [Darius J. PEARCE, Daren O'TOOLE, Gino RISOLI]
(human rights); Royal Jersey Agriculture and Horticultural Society
or RJA&HS (development and management of the Jersey breed of
cattle); Save Jersey's Heritage (protects heritage through building
preservation)
Jordan
Anti-Normalization Committee [Ali Abu SUKKAR, president vice
chairman]; Jordan Bar Association [Hussein Mujalli, chairman];
Jordanian Press Association [Sayf al-SHARIF, president]; Muslim
Brotherhood [Salem AL-FALAHAT, controller general]
Kazakhstan
Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA]; Almaty Helsinki Group [Ninel
FOKINA]; Confederation of Free Trade Unions [Sergei BELKIN]; For a
Just Kazakhstan [Bolat ABILOV]; For Fair Elections [Yevgeniy
ZHOVTIS, Sabit ZHUSUPOV, Sergey DUVANOV, Ibrash NUSUPBAYEV];
Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS,
executive director]; Pan-National Social Democratic Party of
Kazakhstan [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAI]; Pensioners Movement or Pokoleniye
[Irina SAVOSTINA, chairwoman]; Republican Network of International
Monitors [Dos KUSHIM]; Transparency International [Sergei ZLOTNIKOV]
Kenya
Council of Islamic Preachers of Kenya or CIPK [Sheikh Idris
MOHAMMED]; Kenya Human Rights Commission [L. Muthoni WANYEKI];
Muslim Human Rights Forum [Ali-Amin KIMATHI]; National Convention
Executive Council or NCEC, a proreform coalition of political
parties and nongovernment organizations [Ndung'u WAINANA];
Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Canon
Peter Karanja MWANGI]; Roman Catholic and other Christian churches;
Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur
al-BUSAIDY]
other: labor unions
Kiribati
NA
Korea, North
none
Korea, South
Federation of Korean Industries; Federation of Korean
Trade Unions; Korean Confederation of Trade Unions; Korean National
Council of Churches; Korean Traders Association; Korean Veterans'
Association; National Council of Labor Unions; National Democratic
Alliance of Korea; National Federation of Farmers' Associations;
National Federation of Student Associations
Kosovo
Council for the Defense of Human Rights and Freedom (human
rights); Humanitarian Law Centre (human rights); Movement for
Self-Determination; Serb National Council (SNV)
Kuwait
other: Islamists; merchants; political groups; secular
liberals and pro-governmental deputies; Shia activists; tribal groups
Kyrgyzstan
Adilet Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA]; Coalition for
Democracy and Civil Society [Dinara OSHURAKHUNOVA]; Interbilim
[Asiya SASYKBAYEVA]
Laos
NA
Latvia
Headquarters for the Protection of Russian Schools (SHTAB)
[Aleksandr KAZAKOV]
Lebanon
Hizballah military wing
other: Palestinian militias; Maronite Christians; Sunnis and their
militias; Shi'as and their militias
Lesotho
Media Institute of Southern Africa, Lesotho chapter [Thabang
MATJAMA] (pushes for media freedom)
Liberia
other: demobilized former military officers
Libya
other: Arab nationalist movements; anti-QADHAFI Libyan exile
Movement; Islamic elements
Liechtenstein
NA
Lithuania
Europe House (promotes the EU); European Movement
(promotes the EU); Lithuanian Future Forum (promotes the EU)
Luxembourg
ABBL (bankers' association); ALEBA (financial sector
trade union); Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural
producers); CEP (professional sector chamber); CGFP (trade union
representing civil service); Chambre de Commerce (Chamber of
Commerce); Chambre des Metiers (Chamber of Artisans); FEDIL
(federation of industrialists); Greenpeace (environment protection);
LCGP (center-right trade union); Mouvement Ecologique (protection of
ecology); OGBL (center-left trade union)
Macau
Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley
HO]; Roman Catholic Church; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio
NG Kuok-cheong]
Macedonia
Federation of Free Trade Unions [Svetlana PETROVIC];
Federation of Trade Unions [Vanco MURATOVSKI]; Trade Union of
Education, Science and Culture [Dojcin CVETANOSKI]; World Macedonian
Congress [Todor PETROV]
Madagascar
Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR;
Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy]; National
Council of Christian Churches or FFKM
Malawi
Agri-Ecology Media (agriculture and environmental group);
Malawi Law Society (human rights); Malawi Movement for the
Restoration of Democracy or MMRD (acts to restore and maintain
democracy); National Democratic Alliance or NDA (acts to restore
democracy; Public Affairs Committee or PAC (promotes democracy,
development, peace and unity)
Malaysia
Bersih (electoral reform); Sharia High Court
other: religious groups; women's groups; youth groups
Maldives
other: various unregistered political parties
Mali
other: the army; Islamic authorities; rebels in the northern
region; state-run cotton company CMDT; tuaregs
Malta
Alleanza Liberal-Demokratika Maltra ro ALDM (against illegal
immigration); Alleanza Nazzionali Repubblikana or ANR (encourages
tourism); Alternattiva Demokratika (campaign to reform rent law, and
other campaigns); Azzjoni Nazzjonali or AN (freedom to participate
in democratic government); Ghazdatal-Konsumaturi (consumer rights);
Nazi Watch Malta (exposing Nazis)
other: environmentalists
Marshall Islands
NA
Mauritania
General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CGTM
[Abdallahi Ould MOHAMED, secretary general]; Independent
Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CLTM [Samory Ould BEYE];
Mauritanian Workers Union or UTM [Mohamed Ely Ould BRAHIM, secretary
general]
other: Arab nationalists; Ba'thists; Islamists
Mauritius
other: various labor unions
Mayotte
NA
Mexico
Broad Progressive Front or FAP; Businessmen's Coordinating
Council or CCE; Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic
or COPARMEX; Confederation of Industrial Chambers or CONCAMIN;
Confederation of Mexican Workers or CTM; Confederation of National
Chambers of Commerce or CONCANACO; Coordinator for Foreign Trade
Business Organizations or COECE; Federation of Unions Providing
Goods and Services or FESEBES; National Chamber of Transformation
Industries or CANACINTRA; National Peasant Confederation or CNC;
National Small Business Chamber or CANACOPE; National Syndicate of
Education Workers or SNTE; National Union of Workers or UNT; Popular
Assembly of the People of Oaxaca or APPO; Roman Catholic Church
Micronesia, Federated States of
NA
Moldova
NA
Monaco
NA
Mongolia
other: human rights groups; women's groups
Montenegro
Sandzak People's Movement [Cemal SULFEJIC]
Montserrat
NA
Morocco
Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir AMAOUI];
General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Abderrazzak AFILAL];
Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Hassan CHAMI]; National
Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Abdelslam MAATI]; Union of Moroccan
Workers or UMT [Mahjoub BENSEDDIK]
Mozambique
Etica [Abdul CARIMO Issa, chairman]; Human Rights and
Development (Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento) or DHD [Artemisia
FRANCO, secretary general]; Institute for Peace and Democracy
(Instituto para Paz e Democracia) or IPADE [Raul DOMINGOS,
president]; Movement for Peace and Citizenship (Movimento para Paz e
Cidadania); Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos
Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]
Namibia
Earthlife Namibia [Berthchen KOHRS] (environmentalist
group); National Society for Human Rights or NSHR; The World
Information Services of Energy or WISE (group against nuclear power)
Nauru
Woman Information and News Agency (women's issues)
Nepal
other: several small armed Madhesi groups along the southern
border with India; a variety of groups advocating regional autonomy
for individual ethnic groups
Netherlands
Christian Trade Union Federation or CNV [Rene PAAS];
Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers or VNO-NCW
[Bernard WIENTJES]; Federation for Small and Medium-sized businesses
or MKB [Loek HERMANS]; Netherlands Trade Union Federation or FNV
[Agnes JONGERIUS]; Social Economic Council or SER [Alexander RINNOOY
Kan]; Trade Union Federation of Middle and High Personnel or MHP [Ad
VERHOEVEN]
Netherlands Antilles
Employers Association (VBC); Unions (AVBO)
New Caledonia
NA
New Zealand
Women's Electoral Lobby or WEL
other: apartheid groups; civil rights groups; farmers groups; Maori;
nuclear weapons groups; women's rights groups
Nicaragua
National Workers Front or FNT (a Sandinista umbrella group
of eight labor unions including: Farm Workers Association or ATC,
Health Workers Federation or FETASALUD, Heroes and Martyrs
Confederation of Professional Associations or CONAPRO, National
Association of Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN, National Union of
Employees or UNE, National Union of Farmers and Ranchers or UNAG,
Sandinista Workers Central or CST, and Union of Journalists of
Nicaragua or UPN); Permanent Congress of Workers or CPT (an umbrella
group of four non-Sandinista labor unions including: Autonomous
Nicaraguan Workers Central or CTN-A, Confederation of Labor
Unification or CUS, Independent General Confederation of Labor or
CGT-I, and Labor Action and Unity Central or CAUS); Nicaraguan
Workers' Central or CTN (an independent labor union); Superior
Council of Private Enterprise or COSEP (a confederation of business
groups)
Niger
The Nigerien Movement for Justice or MNJ, a predominantly
Tuareg rebel group
Nigeria
Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU; Campaign for
Democracy or CD; Civil Liberties Organization or CLO; Committee for
the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR; Constitutional Right Project or
CRP; Human Right Africa; National Association of Democratic Lawyers
or NADL; National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS; Nigerian
Bar Association or NBA; Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC; Nigerian
Medical Association or NMA; the Press; Universal Defenders of
Democracy or UDD
Niue
NA
Norfolk Island
none
Northern Mariana Islands
NA
Norway
Norwegian Aid Committee or NORWAC; Norwegian Association of
the Disabled; Pure Salmon Campaign; The Consumer Council (consumer
advocacy group)
other: environmental groups; media; reform movements
Oman
none
Pakistan
other: military (most important political force); ulema
(clergy); landowners; industrialists; small merchants
Palau
NA
Panama
Chamber of Commerce; National Civic Crusade; National Council
of Organized Workers or CONATO; National Council of Private
Enterprise or CONEP; National Union of Construction and Similar
Workers (SUNTRACS); Panamanian Association of Business Executives or
APEDE; Panamanian Industrialists Society or SIP; Workers
Confederation of the Republic of Panama or CTRP
Papua New Guinea
Ahora [Andrew MAMOKO] (represents local tribes);
Centre for Environment Law and Community Rights or Celcor [Damien
ASE]; Community Coalition Against Corruption
Paraguay
Ahorristas Estafados or AE; National Coordinating Board of
Campesino Organizations or MCNOC [Luis AGUAYO]; National Federation
of Campesinos or FNC [Odilon ESPINOLA]; National Workers Central or
CNT [Secretary General Juan TORRALES]; Paraguayan Workers
Confederation or CPT; Roman Catholic Church; Unitary Workers Central
or CUT [Jorge Guzman ALVARENGA Malgarejo]
Peru
Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel
MACARIO (top leader at-large)] (leftist guerrilla group); Tupac
Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned),
Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)] (leftist guerrilla
group)
Philippines
AKBAYAN [Etta ROSALES, Mario AGUJA, and Risa
HONTIVEROS-BARAQUIEL]; ALAGAD [Rodante MARROLITA]; ALIF [Acmad
TOMAWIS]; An Waray [Horencio NOEL]; Anak Mindanao [Mujiv HATAMIN];
ANAKPAWIS [Crispin BELTRAN and Rafael MARIANO]; Association of
Philippine Electric Cooperatives (APEC) [Sunny Rose MADAMBA, Ernesto
PABLO, and Edgar VALDEZ]; AVE [Eulogio MAGSAYSAY]; Bayan Muna [Satur
OCAMPO, Joel VIRADOR, and Teodoro CASINO, Jr.]; BUHAY [Rene VELARDE
and Hans Christian SENERES]; BUTIL [Benjamin CRUZ]; CIBAC [Emmanuel
Joel VILLANUEVA]; COOP-NATCO [Guillermo CUA]; GABRIELA [Liza MAZA];
Partido Ng Manggagawa [Renato MAGTUBO]; Veterans Federation of the
Philippines [Ernesto GIDAYA]
Pitcairn Islands
none
Poland
All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ (trade union) [Jan
GUZ]; Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal Stanislaw DZIWISZ, Archbishop
Jozef MICHALIK]; Solidarity Trade Union [Janusz SNIADEK]
Portugal
the media
Puerto Rico
Boricua Popular Army or EPB (a revolutionary group also
known as Los Macheteros); note - the following radical groups are
considered dormant by Federal law enforcement: Armed Forces for
National Liberation or FALN, Armed Forces of Popular Resistance,
Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution
Qatar
none
Romania
other: various human rights and professional associations