Macedonia

major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and

hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for

Europe; although not a financial center and most criminal activity

is thought to be domestic, money laundering is a problem due to a

mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement

Madagascar

illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild

varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point

for heroin

Malaysia

drug trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe

penalties; heroin still primary drug of abuse, but synthetic drug

demand remains strong; continued ecstasy and methamphetamine

producer for domestic users and, to a lesser extent, the regional

drug market

Malta

minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to

Western Europe

Mauritius

consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South

Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally;

significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money

laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the

government appears generally to be committed to regulating its

banking industry

Mexico

major drug-producing nation; cultivation of opium poppy in

2007 rose to 6,900 hectares yielding a potential production of 18

metric tons of pure heroin, or 50 metric tons of "black tar" heroin,

the dominant form of Mexican heroin in the western United States;

marijuana cultivation increased to 8,900 hectares in 2007 and

yielded a potential production of 15,800 metric tons; government

conducts the largest independent illicit-crop eradication program in

the world; continues as the primary transshipment country for

US-bound cocaine from South America, with an estimated 90% of annual

cocaine movements toward the US stopping in Mexico; major drug

syndicates control the majority of drug trafficking throughout the

country; producer and distributor of ecstasy; significant

money-laundering center; major supplier of heroin and largest

foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamine to the US market

(2007)

Micronesia, Federated States of

major consumer of cannabis

Moldova

limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for

CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from

Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and

possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity

Montserrat

transshipment point for South American narcotics destined

for the US and Europe

Morocco

one of the world's largest producers of illicit hashish;

shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit

point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe;

significant consumer of cannabis

Mozambique

southern African transit point for South Asian hashish

and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the

European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local

consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa);

corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system

vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed

financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a

money-laundering center

Nepal

illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and

international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast

Asia to the West

Netherlands

major European producer of synthetic drugs, including

ecstasy, and cannabis cultivator; important gateway for cocaine,

heroin, and hashish entering Europe; major source of US-bound

ecstasy; large financial sector vulnerable to money laundering;

significant consumer of ecstasy

Netherlands Antilles

transshipment point for South American drugs

bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center

New Zealand

significant consumer of amphetamines

Nicaragua

transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and

transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Nigeria

a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for

European, East Asian, and North American markets; consumer of

amphetamines; safe haven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating

worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and

criminal activity; Nigeria has improved some anti-money-laundering

controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task

Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in

June 2006; Nigeria's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be

monitored by FATF

Pakistan

significant transit area for Afghan drugs, including

heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for Iran, Western

markets, the Gulf States, Africa, and Asia; financial crimes related

to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption, and smuggling remain

problems; opium poppy cultivation estimated to be 2,300 hectares in

2007 with 600 of those hectares eradicated; federal and provincial

authorities continue to conduct anti-poppy campaigns that utilizes

forced eradication, fines, and arrests

Panama

major cocaine transshipment point and primary

money-laundering center for narcotics revenue; money-laundering

activity is especially heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore

financial center; negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring

of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains

a major problem

Papua New Guinea

major consumer of cannabis

Paraguay

major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is

consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; transshipment country for

Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets, and

Europe; weak border controls, extensive corruption and

money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; weak

anti-money-laundering laws and enforcement

Peru

until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now

the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far

behind Colombia; cultivation of coca in Peru declined to 36,000

hectares in 2007; second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at

210 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2007; finished cocaine

is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market;

increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being

moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the

Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa; increasing

domestic drug consumption

Philippines

domestic methamphetamine production has been a growing

problem in recent years despite government crackdowns; major

consumer of amphetamines; longstanding marijuana producer mainly in

rural areas where Manila's control is limited

Poland

despite diligent counternarcotics measures and international

information sharing on cross-border crimes, a major illicit producer

of synthetic drugs for the international market; minor transshipment

point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine to

Western Europe

Portugal

seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined

for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin;

transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe;

consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Romania

major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin

transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American

cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant

financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable

to laundering, which occurs via the banking system, currency

exchange houses, and casinos

Russia

limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and

producer of methamphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption;

government has active illicit crop eradication program; used as

transshipment point for Asian opiates, cannabis, and Latin American

cocaine bound for growing domestic markets, to a lesser extent

Western and Central Europe, and occasionally to the US; major source

of heroin precursor chemicals; corruption and organized crime are

key concerns; major consumer of opiates

Saint Kitts and Nevis

transshipment point for South American drugs

destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity

Saint Lucia

transit point for South American drugs destined for the

US and Europe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

transshipment point for South

American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis

cultivation

Saudi Arabia

death penalty for traffickers; improving

anti-money-laundering legislation and enforcement

Senegal

transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin

and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America;

illicit cultivator of cannabis

Serbia

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to

Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money

laundering

Singapore

drug abuse limited because of aggressive law enforcement

efforts; as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore

is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, as a venue for

money laundering

Slovakia

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for

Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market;

consumer of ecstasy

Slovenia

minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin

bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

South Africa

transshipment center for heroin, hashish, and cocaine,

as well as a major cultivator of marijuana in its own right; cocaine

and heroin consumption on the rise; world's largest market for

illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through

various east African countries, but increasingly producing its own

synthetic drugs for domestic consumption; attractive venue for money

launderers given the increasing level of organized criminal and

narcotics activity in the region and the size of the South African

economy

Spain

despite rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin

American, Galician, and other European traffickers take advantage of

Spain's long coastline to land large shipments of cocaine and

hashish for distribution to the European market; consumer for Latin

American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and minor

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering

site for Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized

crime

Suriname

growing transshipment point for South American drugs

destined for Europe via the Netherlands and Brazil; transshipment

point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Switzerland

a major international financial center vulnerable to the

layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite

significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules

persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through

offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for

and consumer of South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and

Western European synthetics; domestic cannabis cultivation and

limited ecstasy production

Syria

a transit point for opiates, hashish, and cocaine bound for

regional and Western markets; weak anti-money-laundering controls

and bank privatization may leave it vulnerable to money laundering

Taiwan

regional transit point for heroin, methamphetamine, and

precursor chemicals; transshipment point for drugs to Japan; major

problem with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin;

rising problems with use of ketamine and club drugs

Tajikistan

major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for

Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited

illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption;

Tajikistan seizes roughly 80% of all drugs captured in Central Asia

and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw

opium); significant consumer of opiates

Tanzania

growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast

Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African,

European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for

southern Africa; money laundering remains a problem

Thailand

a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; transit

point for illicit heroin en route to the international drug market

from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of

cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring

countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication

efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in

methamphetamine production for regional consumption; major consumer

of methamphetamine since the 1990s despite a series of government

crackdowns

Timor-Leste

NA

Togo

transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money

laundering not a significant problem

Trinidad and Tobago

transshipment point for South American drugs

destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis

Turkey

key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western

Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea

routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking

organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert

imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey

and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas

of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw

concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls

Turkmenistan

transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian

and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor

chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Turks and Caicos Islands

transshipment point for South American

narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Ukraine

limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for

CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the

West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment

point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin

America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved

anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the

Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and

Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering

regime continues to be monitored by FATF

United Arab Emirates

the UAE is a drug transshipment point for

traffickers given its proximity to Southwest Asian drug-producing

countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it

vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls

improving, but informal banking remains unregulated

United Kingdom

producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and

synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian

heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs;

money-laundering center

United States

world's largest consumer of cocaine (shipped from

Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Colombian heroin, and

Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of ecstasy and Mexican

methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian

heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants,

stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering

center

Uruguay

small-scale transit country for drugs mainly bound for

Europe, often through sea-borne containers; law enforcement

corruption; money laundering because of strict banking secrecy laws;

weak border control along Brazilian frontier; increasing consumption

of cocaine base and synthetic drugs

Uzbekistan

transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian

and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit

cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for

domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by

government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin

precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Venezuela

small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the

processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large

quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country

from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related

money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia

and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily

targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by

Colombian insurgents on border

Vietnam

minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point

for Southeast Asian heroin; government continues to face domestic

opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems despite longstanding

crackdowns

World

cocaine: worldwide coca leaf cultivation in 2007 amounted to

232,500 hectares; Colombia produced slightly more than two-thirds of

the worldwide crop, followed by Peru and Bolivia; potential pure

cocaine production decreased 7% to 865 metric tons in 2007; Colombia

conducts aggressive coca eradication campaign, but both Peruvian and

Bolivian Governments are hesitant to eradicate coca in key growing

areas; 551 metric tons of export-quality cocaine (85% pure) is

documented to have been seized or destroyed in 2005; US consumption

of export quality cocaine is estimated to have been in excess of 380

metric tons

opiates: worldwide illicit opium poppy cultivation continued to

increase in 2007, with a potential opium production of 8,400 metric

tons, reaching the highest levels recorded since estimates began in

mid-1980s; Afghanistan is world's primary opium producer, accounting

for 95% of the global supply; Southeast Asia - responsible for 9% of

global opium - saw marginal increases in production; Latin America

produced 1% of global opium, but most was refined into heroin

destined for the US market; if all potential opium was processed

into pure heroin, the potential global production would be 1,000

metric tons of heroin in 2007

Zambia

transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone,

small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for southern Africa and

possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled

with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it

an unattractive venue for money launderers; major consumer of

cannabis

Zimbabwe

transit point for cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax,

and methamphetamines en route to South Africa

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2087 Imports

Afghanistan

$3.823 billion (2006)

Albania

$3.999 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Algeria

$26.25 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

American Samoa

$308.8 million (FY04 est.)

Andorra

$1.879 billion (2005)

Angola

$12.29 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Anguilla

$143 million (2006)

Antigua and Barbuda

$522.8 million (2007 est.)

Argentina

$42.53 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Armenia

$2.807 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Aruba

$1.054 billion f.o.b. (2006)

Australia

$160 billion (2007 est.)

Austria

$160.3 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan

$6.045 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The

$2.401 billion (2006)

Bahrain

$10.93 billion (2007 est.)

Bangladesh

$16.67 billion (2007 est.)

Barbados

$1.586 billion (2006)

Belarus

$28.32 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Belgium

$323.2 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Belize

$642 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Benin

$1.085 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Bermuda

$1.162 billion (2006)

Bhutan

$320 million c.i.f. (2006)

Bolivia

$3.249 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

$9.947 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Botswana

$3.403 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Brazil

$120.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

British Virgin Islands

$187 million (2002 est.)

Brunei

$2 billion c.i.f. (2006)

Bulgaria

$28.67 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso

$1.296 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Burma

$2.942 billion f.o.b.

note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of

consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from

Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India (2007 est.)

Burundi

$272 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cambodia

$5.424 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cameroon

$3.714 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Canada

$386.4 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cape Verde

$743.6 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cayman Islands

$866.9 million (2004)

Central African Republic

$237.3 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Chad

$1.158 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Chile

$43.99 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

China

$904.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Christmas Island

$NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

$NA

Colombia

$31.17 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Comoros

$143 million f.o.b. (2006)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

$2.263 billion f.o.b. (2006)

Congo, Republic of the

$2.634 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cook Islands

$81.04 million (2005)

Costa Rica

$12.26 billion (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire

$5.932 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Croatia

$25.99 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cuba

$10.08 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cyprus

$7.84 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Czech Republic

$116.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Denmark

$102 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Djibouti

$1.555 billion f.o.b. (2006)

Dominica

$296 million f.o.b. (2006)

Dominican Republic

$13.82 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Ecuador

$12.76 billion (2007 est.)

Egypt

$44.95 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

El Salvador

$8.108 billion (2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea

$3.083 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Eritrea

$573 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Estonia

$14.75 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Ethiopia

$5.165 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

European Union

$1.466 trillion; note - external imports, excluding

intra-EU trade (2005)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

$90 million (2004 est.)

Faroe Islands

$751 million c.i.f. (2006)

Fiji

$3.12 billion c.i.f. (2006)

Finland

$78.05 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

France

$600.9 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

French Polynesia

$1.706 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Gabon

$2.107 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Gambia, The

$271 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Gaza Strip

$2.44 billion c.i.f.; (includes West Bank) (2005)

Georgia

$4.977 billion (2007 est.)

Germany

$1.075 trillion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Ghana

$8.053 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Gibraltar

$2.967 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Greece

$80.79 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Greenland

$712 million c.i.f. (2006)

Grenada

$343 million (2006)

Guam

$701 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guatemala

$12.62 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Guernsey

$NA

Guinea

$1.202 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Guinea-Bissau

$200 million f.o.b. (2006)

Guyana

$1.006 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Haiti

$1.734 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Honduras

$8.556 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Hong Kong

$365.6 billion (2007 est.)

Hungary

$86.88 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Iceland

$6.181 billion (2007 est.)

India

$230.5 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Indonesia

$84.93 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Iran

$53.88 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Iraq

$25.67 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Ireland

$84.76 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Isle of Man

$NA

Israel

$55.79 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Italy

$498.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Jamaica

$5.784 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Japan

$573.3 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Jersey

$NA

Jordan

$12.02 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Kazakhstan

$33.21 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Kenya

$8.54 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Kiribati

$62 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Korea, North

$2.879 billion c.i.f. (2006)

Korea, South

$349.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Kosovo

$NA

Kuwait

$20.64 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan

$2.636 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Laos

$1.378 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Latvia

$14.82 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Lebanon

$11.93 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Lesotho

$1.536 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Liberia

$7.143 billion f.o.b. (2006)

Libya

$14.43 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Liechtenstein

$917.3 million (1996)

Lithuania

$22.8 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Luxembourg

$23.13 billion c.i.f. (2007 est.)

Macau

$4.559 billion c.i.f. (2006)

Macedonia

$4.977 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Madagascar

$1.918 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Malawi

$866 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Malaysia

$139.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Maldives

$930 million f.o.b. (2006)

Mali

$2.358 billion f.o.b. (2006)