industry: 40.9%
services: 46.7% (2007 est.)
Labor force:
6.305 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
note: most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services,
construction, industry, and commerce account for less than
one-fourth of the labor force
Unemployment rate:
35% (2003 est.)
Population below poverty line:
45.2% (2003)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 25.9% (2003)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
33.4 (1998)
Investment (gross fixed):
25% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $7.576 billion
expenditures: $8.391 billion (2007 est.)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Public debt:
33.5% of GDP (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
10% (2007 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
NA
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
18% (31 December 2007)
Stock of money:
$3.076 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
$4.526 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$2.224 billion (31 December 2007)
Agriculture - products:
grain, fruits, vegetables, pulses, qat, coffee, cotton; dairy
products, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), poultry; fish
Industries:
crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production
of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts;
small aluminum products factory; cement; commercial ship repair
Industrial production growth rate:
3.2% (2007 est.)
Electricity - production:
5.017 billion kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity - consumption:
3.804 billion kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
Oil - production:
320,600 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil - consumption:
135,400 bbl/day (2006 est.)
Oil - exports:
336,600 bbl/day (2005)
Oil - imports:
62,850 bbl/day (2005)
Oil - proved reserves:
3 billion bbl (1 January 2008 est.)
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
478.5 billion cu m (1 January 2008 est.)
Current account balance:
-$362 million (2007 est.)
Exports:
$7.311 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish
Exports - partners:
China 23.3%, India 20.4%, Thailand 19.1%, Japan 7.2%, UAE 5%, US
4.2% (2007)
Imports:
$6.735 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals
Imports - partners:
UAE 15.1%, China 11.6%, US 7.8%, Saudi Arabia 7.1%, Kuwait 5.3%,
Germany 4.8% (2007)
Economic aid - recipient:
$2.3 billion (2003-07 disbursements)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$7.76 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$6.044 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA
Currency (code):
Yemeni rial (YER)
Currency code:
YER
Exchange rates:
Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar - 199.14 (2007), 197.18 (2006),
192.67 (2005), 184.78 (2004), 183.45 (2003)
Communications
Yemen
Telephones - main lines in use:
968,300 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
2.978 million (2006)
Telephone system:
general assessment: since unification in 1990, efforts have been
made to create a national telecommunications network
domestic: the national network consists of microwave radio relay,
cable, tropospheric scatter, and GSM mobile-cellular telephone
systems; fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains low by
regional standards
international: country code - 967; landing point for the
international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe
(FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1
Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2
Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios:
1.05 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
3 (including one Egypt-based station that broadcasts in Yemen); plus
several repeaters (2007)
Televisions:
470,000 (1997)
Internet country code:
.ye
Internet hosts:
167 (2008)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
1 (2000)
Internet users:
320,000 (2007)
Transportation
Yemen
Airports:
50 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 17
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 33
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 13
under 914 m: 4 (2007)
Pipelines:
gas 71 km; liquid petroleum gas 22 km; oil 1,309 km (2007)
Roadways:
total: 71,300 km
paved: 6,200 km
unpaved: 65,100 km (2005)
Merchant marine:
total: 4
by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll
on/roll off 1
registered in other countries: 13 (North Korea 2, Moldova 1, Panama
6, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Sierra Leone 2, unknown 1) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Aden, Hudaydah, Mukalla
Transportation - note:
the International Maritime Bureau reports offshore waters in the
Gulf of Aden are high risk for piracy; numerous vessels, including
commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and
hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crew, passengers, and
cargo are held for ransom
Military
Yemen
Military branches:
Army (includes Republican Guard), Navy (includes Marines), Yemen Air
Force (Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Jamahiriya al Yemeniya; includes Air
Defense Force) (2008)
Military service age and obligation:
voluntary military service program authorized in 2001; 2-year
service obligation (2006)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 5,080,038
females age 16-49: 4,852,555 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 3,585,947
females age 16-49: 3,619,195 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 268,468
female: 258,196 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
6.6% of GDP (2006)
Military - note:
a Coast Guard was established in 2002
Transnational Issues
Yemen
Disputes - international:
Saudi Arabia has reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier
along sections of the fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem
illegal cross-border activities
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 91,587 (Somalia) (2007)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008
======================================================================
@Zambia
Introduction
Zambia
Background:
The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the [British]
South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in
1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred
development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon
independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper
prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991
brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996
saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001
was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a
legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate
Levy MWANAWASA. The new president launched an anticorruption
investigation in 2002 to probe high-level corruption during the
previous administration. In 2006-07, this task force successfully
prosecuted four cases, including a landmark civil case in the UK in
which former President CHILUBA and numerous others were found liable
for USD 41 million. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election
that was deemed free and fair.
Geography
Zambia
Location:
Southern Africa, east of Angola
Geographic coordinates:
15 00 S, 30 00 E
Map references:
Africa
Area:
total: 752,614 sq km
land: 740,724 sq km
water: 11,890 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly larger than Texas
Land boundaries:
total: 5,664 km
border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo
1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania
338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none (landlocked)
Climate:
tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
Terrain:
mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m
highest point: unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
Natural resources:
copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium,
hydropower
Land use:
arable land: 6.99%
permanent crops: 0.04%
other: 92.97% (2005)
Irrigated land:
1,560 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
105.2 cu km (2001)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 1.74 cu km/yr (17%/7%/76%)
per capita: 149 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
periodic drought, tropical storms (November to April)
Environment - current issues:
air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and
refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously
threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations;
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water
treatment presents human health risks
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with
Zimbabwe
People
Zambia
Population:
11,669,534
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2008 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 45.4% (male 2,659,572/female 2,634,379)
15-64 years: 52.3% (male 3,045,536/female 3,053,465)
65 years and over: 2.4% (male 115,662/female 160,920) (2008 est.)
Median age:
total: 16.9 years
male: 16.8 years
female: 17.1 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.654% (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
40.52 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate:
21.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
-2.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 100.96 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 105.73 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 96.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 38.59 years
male: 38.49 years
female: 38.7 years (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate:
5.23 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
16.5% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
920,000 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
89,000 (2003 est.)
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague are high risks in some
locations
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies (2008)
Nationality:
noun: Zambian(s)
adjective: Zambian
Ethnic groups:
African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Religions:
Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Languages:
English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda,
Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write English
total population: 80.6%
male: 86.8%
female: 74.8% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 7 years
male: 7 years
female: 7 years (2000)
Education expenditures:
2% of GDP (2005)
Government
Zambia
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Zambia
conventional short form: Zambia
former: Northern Rhodesia
Government type:
republic
Capital:
name: Lusaka
geographic coordinates: 15 25 S, 28 17 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka,
Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
Independence:
24 October 1964 (from UK)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Constitution:
24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits
Legal system:
based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of
legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Rupiah BANDA (since 19 August 2008); Vice
President George KUNDA (since 14 November 2008); note - President
BANDA was acting president since the illness and eventual death of
President Levy MWANAWASA on 18 August 2008, he was then elected
president on 30 October 2008 to serve out the remainder of
MWANAWASA's term; the president is both the chief of state and head
of government
head of government: President Rupiah BANDA (since 19 August 2008);
Vice President George KUNDA (since 14 November 2008)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members
of the National Assembly
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term
(eligible for a second term); election last held 30 October 2008
(next to be held in 2011); vice president appointed by the
president; note - due to the untimely death of former President Levy
MWANAWASA, early elections were held to identify a replacement to
serve out the remainder of his term
election results: Rupiah BANDA elected president; percent of vote -
Rupiah BANDA 40.1%, Michael SATA 38.1%, Hakainde HICHILEMA 19.7%,
Godfrey MIYANDA 0.8%, other 1.3%
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly (158 seats; 150 members are elected by
popular vote, 8 members are appointed by the president, to serve
five-year terms)
elections: last held 28 September 2006 (next to be held in 2011)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
MMD 72, PF 44, UDA 27, ULP 2, NDF 1, independents 2; seats not
determined 2
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by
the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil
and criminal cases)
Political parties and leaders:
All Peoples Congress Party [Winright NGONDO]; Forum for Democracy
and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]; Heritage Party or HP
[Godfrey MIYANDA]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE];
Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Levy MWANAWASA]; National
Democratic Focus or NDF; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Party
of Unity for Democracy and Development or PUDD [Dan PULE]; Reform
Party [Nevers MUMBA]; United Democratic Alliance or UDA; United
Liberal Party or ULP [Sakwiba SIKOTA]; United National Independence
Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National
Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]; Zambia Democratic Congress
or ZADECO [Langton SICHONE]; Zambian Republican Party or ZRP
[Benjamin MWILA]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
NA
International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM,
IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO
(correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MONUC, NAM, OPCW,
PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS,
UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA
chancery: 2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719
FAX: [1] (202) 332-0826
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Donald E. BOOTH
embassy: corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues, Lusaka
mailing address: P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka
telephone: [260] (211) 250-955
FAX: [260] (211) 252-225
Flag description:
green field with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist
side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer
edge of the flag
Economy
Zambia
Economy - overview:
Zambia's economy has experienced modest growth in recent years, with
real GDP growth in 2005-07 between 5-6% per year. Privatization of
government-owned copper mines in the 1990s relieved the government
from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly
improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability
and spur economic growth. Copper output has increased steadily since
2004, due to higher copper prices and foreign investment. In 2005,
Zambia qualified for debt relief under the Highly Indebted Poor
Country Initiative, consisting of approximately USD 6 billion in
debt relief. Zambia experienced a bumper harvest in 2007, which
helped to boost GDP and agricultural exports and contain inflation.
Although poverty continues to be significant problem in Zambia, its
economy has strengthened, featuring single-digit inflation, a
relatively stable currency, decreasing interest rates, and
increasing levels of trade.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$16.1 billion (2007 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
$11.16 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
6% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$1,400 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 17.4%
industry: 26.1%
services: 56.5% (2007 est.)
Labor force:
4.989 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 85%
industry: 6%
services: 9% (2004)
Unemployment rate:
50% (2000 est.)
Population below poverty line:
86% (1993)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 38.8% (2004)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
50.8 (2004)
Investment (gross fixed):
26.2% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $2.655 billion
expenditures: $2.8 billion (2007 est.)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Public debt:
28.1% of GDP (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
10.6% (2007 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
11.73% (31 December 2007)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
18.89% (31 December 2007)
Stock of money:
$995.8 million (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
$1.709 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$1.968 billion (31 December 2007)
Agriculture - products:
corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers,
tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), coffee; cattle,
goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides
Industries:
copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages,
chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture
Industrial production growth rate:
6.3% (2007 est.)
Electricity - production:
9.289 billion kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity - consumption:
8.625 billion kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity - exports:
255 million kWh (2006)
Electricity - imports:
68 million kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 0.5%
hydro: 99.5%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
Oil - production:
150 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil - consumption:
14,760 bbl/day (2006 est.)
Oil - exports:
190.6 bbl/day (2005)
Oil - imports:
13,810 bbl/day (2005)
Oil - proved reserves:
NA
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Current account balance:
-$228 million (2007 est.)
Exports:
$4.594 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
copper/cobalt 64%, cobalt, electricity; tobacco, flowers, cotton
Exports - partners:
Switzerland 41.8%, South Africa 12%, Thailand 5.9%, Democratic
Republic of the Congo 5.3%, Egypt 5%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%, China 4.1%
(2007)
Imports:
$3.611 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products,
electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners:
South Africa 47.4%, UAE 6.3%, China 6%, India 4.1%, UK 4% (2007)
Economic aid - recipient:
$504 million (2007)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$1.09 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$2.596 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$NA
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$NA
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$4.5 billion (2007)
Currency (code):
Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Currency code:
ZMK
Exchange rates:
Zambian kwacha (ZMK) per US dollar - 3,990.2 (2007), 3,601.5 (2006),
4,463.5 (2005), 4,778.9 (2004), 4,733.3 (2003)
Communications
Zambia
Telephones - main lines in use:
91,800 (2007)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
2.639 million (2007)
Telephone system:
general assessment: facilities are aging but still among the best in
Sub-Saharan Africa
domestic: high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger
towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation
and network coverage is improving; Internet service is widely
available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated
by private firms
international: country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2
Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (2001)
Radios:
1.2 million (2001)
Television broadcast stations:
9 (2001)
Televisions:
277,000 (1997)
Internet country code:
.zm
Internet hosts:
7,610 (2008)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
5 (2001)
Internet users:
500,000 (2007)
Transportation
Zambia
Airports:
107 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 9
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 98
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 64
under 914 m: 29 (2007)
Pipelines:
oil 771 km (2007)
Railways:
total: 2,157 km
narrow gauge: 2,157 km 1.067-m gauge
note: includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority
(TAZARA) (2006)
Roadways:
total: 91,440 km
paved: 20,117 km
unpaved: 71,323 km (2001)
Waterways:
2,250 km (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula
rivers) (2005)
Ports and terminals:
Mpulungu
Military
Zambia
Military branches:
Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Zambian Army, Zambian Air
Force, National Service (2008)
Military service age and obligation:
18 years of age for voluntary military service (16 years of age with
parental consent); no conscription (2008)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 2,678,668
females age 16-49: 2,567,433 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,329,343
females age 16-49: 1,218,114 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 147,358
female: 146,771 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
1.8% of GDP (2005 est.)
Transnational Issues
Zambia
Disputes - international:
in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and
Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto
recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia
boundary in the river; 42,250 Congolese refugees in Zambia are
offered voluntary repatriation in November 2006, most of whom are
expected to return in the next two years; Angolan refugees too have
been repatriating but 26,450 still remain with 90,000 others from
other neighboring states in 2006
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 42,565 (Angola); 60,874 (Democratic
Republic of the Congo); 4,100 (Rwanda) (2007)
Trafficking in persons: