VOLCANOES.
Volcanic Mountains—Extinct and active Craters—Their Size—
Dangerous Crater-explorations—Dr. Judd in the Kilauea
Pit—Extinct Craters—Their Beauty—The Crater of Mount
Vultur in Apulia—Volcanoes still constantly forming—
Jorullo and Isalco—Submarine Volcanoes—Sabrina and
Graham’s Island—Santorin—Number of Volcanoes—Their
Distribution—Volcanoes in a constant state of eruption—
Stromboli—Fumaroles—The Lava-lakes of Kilauea—Volcanic
Paroxysms—Column of Smoke and Ashes—Detonations—
Explosion of Cones—Disastrous Effects of Showers of
Ashes and Lapilli—Mud Streams—Fish disgorged from
Volcanic Caverns—Eruptions of Lava—Parasitic Cones—
Phenomena attending the Flow of a Lava Stream—Baron
Papalardo—Meeting of Lava and Water—Scoriæ—Lava and Ice—
Vast Dimensions of several Lava Streams—Scenes of
Desolation—Volcanoes considered as Safety-valves—
Probable Causes of Volcanoes 53