----, feudal settlement of, 143, 155, 159, 160.
----, poem on conquest of, 141 _et seq._
----, Henry II. in, 150–152, 189, 192–194, 199–200.
----, internecine conflict in, 159.
----, policy of see-saw in, 163–164.
----, failure of its conquest, 164, 167.
----, corruption of church in, 165–166, 175.
----, publication of ‘Laudabiliter’ in, 181, 192, 194.
----, Henry II. recognised as king in, 184–185, 187; _see also_
Howth; ‘Laudabiliter.’
Ireland, scutage of, 129, 131, 134.
Irish, tendencies of, 138–139, 164–165, 168–170.
----, mode of warfare of, 156–158.
----, their character impugned, 174, 175, 183–187, 197, 199, 200.
Islington, Newington Barrow in, 106.
Italian citizens of London, 110.
J
Jews, debts to, 130.
John, exactions of, 274.
----, the great Inquest (1212) under, 262.
----, in Ireland, 165.
----, his struggle with Longchamp, 207–218.
John, takes the oath to the Commune, 224.
----, claims to succeed Richard, 215–218.
----, confirms ‘liberties’ to London, 235.
----, his charters to London, 256.
John ‘the Mad’ (‘the Wode’), 145.
John son of Ralf son of Everard, 120.
K
Kemble, Mr., 2, 6, 9, 16–26.
Kent, ‘sulungs’ of, 26–27.
Kingsford, Mr., 316.
Kitchin, Dean, 221, 243.
Knight service, tenure by, 56–61; _see also_ Five-knight.
Knights’ fees, numbers of, 289–290.
L
Laci, Hugh de, 142, 155;
Walter de, 150.
Lafaite, John, 113.
Laigle, Richer de, 246, 249.
Lancashire, Inquest of 1212 in, 268–269.
----, troops from, 295.
Lang, Mr. Andrew, 21, 321–322.
‘Laudabiliter,’ the ‘Bull,’ 171 _et seq._
Law, _see_ Assize, _Curia Regis_, Disseisin, Enfeoffment,
Exchequer, Glove, Heir, Inquest, Peace, Pleas, Possession,
Seisin.
Leicestershire, troops from, 294–296.
Leinster, feudal settlement of, 155, 160.
Leofstan the goldsmith, 106.
Leofstan son of Orgar, 105.
l’Estrange, Guy, 128.
----, John, 128.
_Liber Rubeus_, _see_ Red Book.
Liebermann, Prof., 144–145.
Lincoln Castle, 208–209, 211, 214, 217, 218.
Lincolnshire, Inquest of 1212 in, 275.
----, troops from, 294, 296.
Lisieux, Arnulf bishop of, _see_ Sées.
----, Hugh bishop of, 35.
Lismore, Christian (papal legate) bishop of, 183, 186.
Llandaff, Ralf, archdeacon of, 187.
Loftie, Mr., 99, 103–105, 221, 226, 228, 239, 240.
London, aldermen of, 219, 237–9.
----, aldermen of, officers of the wards, 241–243, 255.
----, Aldersgate, 110, 114.
----, greater barons of, 252–253.
----, Blacstan’s ward in, 112.
----, Bloomsbury, 108.
----, Bucklersbury, 121.
----, charter of Henry I. to, 229, 233, 235.
----, charters of, their custody, 256.
----, citizens of, 119, 233–235.
----, Commune of, 219 _et seq._
----, ‘daibelle’ in, 256.
----, _donum_ or _auxilium_ of, 257.
----, Dowgate, 246.
----, Eadwine an alderman of, 112.
----, Edmund an alderman (1137) of, 101.
----, its election of Stephen, 97.
----, the English Cnihtengild of, 102–106, 221.
----, exchequer at, _see_ Westminster.
----, folkmoot of, 221.
----, foreign influence in, 222, 245–247.
----, Fulcred chamberlain of, 121, 124.
----, hanging of a citizen in, 113.
----, Husting of, 111, 221, 222, 242, 256.
----, sworn inquest in, 99–100.
----, justiciars of, 98, 99, 108, 109, 113, 116–118.
----, ‘liberties’ of, 234–236.
----, its loyalty to Henry II., 232.
----, mayor of, 238–243.
----, mayor and échevins of, 235–237.
----, mediæval history, importance of it, 220.
----, origin of its mayoralty, 219, 223, 225, 226, 235, 244.
----, St. Lawrence Jewry, 253, 254.
----, St. Mary, Aldermanbury, 253, 255.
----, St. Paul’s churchyard, 224.
----, scavage of, 256–257.
----, scavengers (‘escavingores’) of, 255.
----, shrievalty of, 221–222, 229–235, 255.
----, soke of the Cnihtengild, 99, 101.
----, schools of, 117.
----, ----, Henry, master of, 117.
----, tower of, 99, 101, 118, 253, 254, 319.
----, Holy Trinity priory, its endowment at Exeter, 85–87.
----, ----, Norman prior of, 99, 104.
----, ----, Stephen prior of, 86.
----, ----, charters of, 88, 97, 103.
----, ----, endowed by the Cnihtengild, 98, 102, 104, 108.
----, ----, a citizen canon of, 107.
----, “twenty-four” (councillors) of the, 237–243.
----, a verdict of the city of, 253.
----, vineyard in Smithfield, 99, 100.
----, ward system of, 255.
----, list of wards in, 36, 102.
----, weavers’ gild of, 105.
----, watch and ward in, 254.
----, William archdeacon of, 101, 117, 118.
----, William chamberlain of, 101, 108. _See also_ St. Paul’s;
St. Martin’s; Derman; Islington; Andrew; Henry; Oath.
London, Maurice, bishop of, 116.
----, Robert bishop of, 118, 119; _see also_ Richard.
London and Middlesex, ‘firma’ of, 229–234, 257.
Longchamp, William, a London charter of, 253.
----, his struggle with John, 207–218, 224.
----, legation of, 210, 212–213.
----, Henry brother of William, 253.
----, Daniel clerk of William, 254.
Lorengus, Walter, 253.
Lotharingia, _see_ Albert.
Luard, Dr., 202, 204.
Lubbock, Sir J., 63.
Luci, Richard de, 100, 109, 115, 182.
M
Mackay, Dr. Æneas, 292.
Macmahon, originally Fitz Urse, 162.
Madden, Sir Frederic, 202.
Mærleswegen the sheriff, 29.
Maitland, Prof., 1, 12, 57, 69, 153, 154, 230, 257, 282, 283, 284.
Maldon, charter of Henry II. to, 152.
----, writ relating to, 115.
Malet, William, 29.
Malone, Father, 177, 181, 196.
Mandeville, Geoffrey (I.) de, 72.
----, Geoffrey (II.) de, 73, 99.
----, ----, earl of Essex, 100.
----, ----, charters of, 101, 118–119.
----, ----, Roheis wife of, 102, 118, 119.
----, ----, justiciar of London, 117–118.
Mantel, Robert, 87.
‘Mark’ theory, the, 17, 18, 19, 20.
Marshal, Gilbert the, 306.
----, John the, 306.
----, William le, 307, 308.
Marshal, earl, use of phrase, 311, 313, 316, 317.
----, ----, creation of an, 313–315.
Marshal, fees and duties of the, 310–312, 314–315.
----, development of his office, 316.
Marshal’s office, treatise on, 302.
Marshalship, descent of the, 305–306 _et seq._
Martel, William, 99.
Matilda, Empress, writ of, 116.
----, ----, expelled from London, 222.
Matilda wife of William I., 31, 32, 34, 35.
Mauduit, Robert, 82.
----, William, chamberlain, 81–82.
----, William, Domesday tenant, 82.
Mayor, a, associated with the Commune, 223, 225;
but not essential to it, 228.
Meath, feudal settlement of, 155, 160.
Merton priory, foundation of, 122–123.
Meyer, M. Paul, 150.
Middlesex, ‘Hidagium’ of, 257–260.
----, Danegeld of, 257, 260.
----, Inquest of 1212 in, 264–265, 275.
_Modus tenendi Parliamentum_, 302, 313.
----, date of, 317–318.
Montfort, Hugh de, constable of Dover, 281.
Montfort, Simon de, besieges Rochester castle, 54–55.
Moran, Cardinal, 171, 175, 177, 179, 181, 186, 198.
Morris, Father, 173–177, 181, 194.
Mowbray and Segrave, _see_ Nottingham, Thomas earl of.
N
Naas, barons of the, 156.
Nangle, Gilbert de, 156.
Nantes, Master William de, 254.
Neatgild, _see_ Cornage.
Newcastle, ward service of, 283–284, 286.
Norfolk, Margaret ‘Marshal,’ countess of, 303, 304, 308, 312.
Norgate, Miss, 41, 112, 113, 150, 176, 177–184, 191–196, 201, 208,
211, 213, 246–247.
Normandy, no ‘blanch ferm’ in, 65.
----, exchequer of, under Henry I., 95.
Northumberland, cornage payments in, 282–286, 288.
----, drengs and thegns of, 282.
----, Inquest of 1212 in, 270–271.
----, troops from, 294–295.
Nottingham herald, 317.
Nottingham, Thomas Mowbray, earl of, created Earl Marshal, 313–315,
318, 319–320.
----, his challenge, 317.
Nugent, Gilbert de, 155.
Numbers, Mediæval, exaggeration of, 289–290.
O
Oath of the Commune of London, 235;
of freemen of London, 236;
of ‘twenty-four’ Councillors, 237;
of Common Council of London, 241;
of Aldermen of London, 242.
Octodenarii, _see_ Huitdeniers.
Oger a Domesday tenant, 38.
O’Grady, Mr. Standish, 137–139.
Old feoffment, _see_ _Vetus_.
Oman, Mr. C., and his works, 39–61, 155, 289, 293–301;
_see also_ Archer.
Ordgar the deacon, 106.
Ordgar “le prude,” 98, 100, 106.
Orford, castle at, 128.
Orpen, Mr. G. A., 141, 143, 144, 150, 153, 154, 156.
Oxford, number of students at, 290.
----, seizure of the bishops at, 114.
Oxford, Ralf de, 121.
P
Palisade, dissolving views of the, 43–49.
_Pares_ in municipalities, 240, 243.
Paris, Matthew, 202–206.
Parish and the township, the, 10–12.
Parliament, creation in, 315.
Pavily, Reginald de, 152.
Peace, the king’s, 236, 237.
Peers, early mention of a man’s, 154.
Pembroke, Gilbert de Clare (1st) earl of (? ‘Strongbow’), 305, 309,
310.
----, Gilbert Marshal, earl of, 305, 312.
----, ----, confused with Gilbert de Clare, earl of, 302–305, 308.
----, Richard de Clare, (2nd) earl of (‘Strongbow’), 143, 152, 155,
156, 159, 180, 304, 308, 310.
----, ----, daughter of, 150.
----, ----, alleged son of, 309.
----, Walter Marshal, earl of, 308, 316.
----, William Marshal, earl of, 305, 306.
----, William (II.), Marshal, earl of, 309.
Pembroke, Henry II. at, 151, 152.
Percy, Henry de, marshal, 303.
Peter son of Alan, 106, 107.
Peterborough, Brand, abbot of, 29.
Physicians, 101.
Place-names, plea for classification of, 14.
Pleas in London, 238, 242.
Pont de l’arche, William de, 76, 78.
Porchester castle and the chamberlainship, 82.
Port, Hugh de, 37.
Porter, serjeanty of being castle, 271.
Possession, appeal to, 99.
Powell, Prof. York, 6, 17, 39, 54.
Prendergast, Maurice de, 153, 155, 158, 165.
Puintel, William, 253.
R
Ralf son of Algod, 101, 102.
Ramsay, Sir James, 49, 51, 52, 65, 67, 289.
Ramsey Abbey, endowments of, 104.
Records, value of, 289.
_Red Book of the Exchequer_, correction of errors in, 83, 84, 96,
125 _et seq._, 205, 206, 262 _et seq._, 278–286.
----, alleged loss of transcripts in, 205.
Regan, Maurice, 142, 143–144.
Regenbald, priest and chancellor, 28, 29, 37.
Rents, crown, payable in kind, 68, 69.
Ria, Avelina de, 134.
Richard I., in his father’s lifetime, 250, 251.
----, his coronation, 201–206.
----, objects to a Commune, 223, 228.
----, leaves for the east, 207, 213.
----, his imprisonment in Germany, 235.
----, his ‘redemption,’ 234.
Richard II., troubles under, 315, 317–320.
Richard of Devizes, 208–212, 215, 216, 217, 218, 223, 227–228.
Richard, son of Bishop Nigel, 65 _et seq._
----, treasurer, 87, 201, 204.
Richard son of Osbert, constable, 118.
Richard son of Reiner, 253, 254.
Richard son of William I., 34, 35.
Riddlesford, Walter de, 155.
Riley, Mr., 256, 257.
Rinuccini, his mission to Ireland, 200.
Ripariis, Margaret de, 83.
Robert son of Bernard, 152.
Robert son of Leofstan, 105.
Rochelle, La, Commune of, 248–251.
Rochester castle, 54–56.
Roger, chancellor to Stephen, 99.
Roger mayor of London, 256.
Roger ‘nepos Huberti,’ 107.
Roll, a king’s, 86, 88.
Rouen, Hugh archbishop of, 249.
----, Rotrou archbishop of, 249.
----, Walter (de Coutances) archbishop of, 216, 218, 236.
----, charter of Duke Henry to, 246.
----, charter of Henry II. to, 233, 248, 251.
----, Commune of, 244–251.
----, Établissements de, 239–241, 243, 247–251.
----, Mayor of, 247–249.
----, vicomte of, 232.
----, watch at, 255.
Ruffus, William, 152.
Ruilli, Robert de, 152.
Rumold, 120.
----, Bernard son of, 120, 121.
S
St. Bees, gift to, 287.
St. Martin, Alvred de St., 152.
St. Martin’s-le-Grand, deans of, 28, 109, 110, 114–117.
----, canons of, 109, 110, 114–115, 118.
----, schools of, 117.
St. Paul’s, the canons of, 102.
----, Ralf chancellor of, 101.
----, chantry in, 254.
----, chapter of, 119.
----, restoration to, 119.
St. Quentin, Commune of, 244, 252.
Saintes, Commune of, 250.
Salisbury, Roger bishop of, 66–67, 109, 110, 114–116.
Salisbury, John of, and the alleged grant of Ireland, 172, 177,
179, 189, 198.
_Scalam, ad_, payment, 85–87, 92–93, 95.
Schools, _see_ London.
Scots, _see_ Bannockburn.
Scots, the King of, 286.
Seebohm, Mr., 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, 14, 17, 27.
Sées, Arnulf archdeacon of, 98, 99.
Segrave, Nicholas de, marshal, 307.
Seisin, restoration of, 217.
Selby, Mr. Walford, 125.
Serjeanty, tenure by, 61, 83.
_Servitium debitum_, the, 58–60.
Sevenhampton, Wilts, 83.
Sharpe, Dr., 238.
Sheriff, an attorney of a, 86.
Sheriffs’ aid, 118.
Sheriffs and ‘custodes,’ 229–233, 286.
----, at the Exchequer, 75, 123.
----, and the _firma_, 230–231.
----, under Henry I., 123, 124.
Sheriffs, the inquest of, 125–136.
Shield wall, the English, 39–44, 47, 49, 50, 291, 292.
Skeat, Prof., 256.
Slane, barons of, 142.
Somerset, stereotyped rents in, 71.
----, Ulster families from, 162.
Spatz, Dr., 49, 50.
Standard, battle of the, 41.
Stapleton, Mr., 65, 67, 74, 79.
Stephen, king, 97–100, 109, 110, 114–116.
Stevenson, Mr. W. H., 28–35.
Stotevilla, William de, 154.
Stratton, Adam de, 84.
Stratton, Wilts, 84.
Strogoil, _see_ Pembroke.
Strongbow, _see_ Pembroke.
Stubbs, Dr., 16, 38, 60, 62, 64, 65, 95, 104, 110, 111, 113, 119,
125, 126, 129, 155, 201, 202, 207–211, 213, 215, 220, 224,
225–226, 230, 290, 302, 307, 308, 318, 320.
Surrey, place-names of, 2–3.
----, sheriffs of, 121–123.
Sussex, place-names of, 2 _et seq._
_Swereford_, erroneous ‘dictum’ of, 129.
----, error of, 132.
T
Taylor, Canon Isaac, 7, 9, 17, 19, 21, 25.
_Terræ datæ_ accounted for, 73.
‘Testa de Nevill,’ nature of, 261, 262.
----, returns of great Inquest (1212) in, 262, 277.
----, misdescribed on the title page, 274, 283.
_Testudo_, _see_ Shield wall.
Thegnage, Tenure in, 271.
Thierri, son of Derman, 101, 106, 112.
----, Bertram son of, 106, 107.
Thomas ‘of Brotherton,’ marshal, 303, 308, 311, 313, 314, 317, 318.
Thoms, Mr., 305.
_Ton_, the suffix, 2 _et seq._
Tosard, Avicia, 269.
----, Walter, 269.
Totemism, alleged traces of, 23.
Tout, Prof., 151, 182, 308, 314, 315.
Towcester, the moated mound at, 53, 54.
Towns, assessment of, for Danegeld, 257–258.
Township and the parish, the, 10–12.
Treasurer, Henry the, 76, 81.
----, Richard the, 87.
Treasury, charters kept in the, 88.
----, plea held in the, 94.
Treasury, records in, searched, 318.
Treasury, the, at Winchester, 75–81, 94, 178.
----, audit of, 76–78.
----, the Exchequer a development of, 80–84.
----, in Normandy, 82.
----, chamberlainship of, 82, 84.
Twynham, deanery of, 116.
Tynemouth, prior of, 286, 287.
U
Ulf son of Topi, 29, 30.
Ulkotes, Philip de, 270, 271.
Ulster, conquest of, 161–162.
----, feudal settlement of, 162–163.
V
Valoines, Barony of, 127, 130.
Ver, Aubrey de, 99, 121.
Ver, Robert de, 109, 281.
Verdun, Ralf de, 152.
_Vetus feoffamentum_, meaning of, 58–60.
Vetulus, _see_ Viel.
Viel, or Vetulus John, 107, 112, 113.
Village, community, the, 19.
W
Wace misunderstands William of Malmesbury, 50.
Wales, troops from, 293–295, 300–301.
Walter, Theobald, 269, 270.
Warwickshire, early _firma_ from, 72.
----, troops from, 294–296.
Wassail, 272.
Waterford, Henry II. at, 150, 152.
----, synod at, 180–181.
Watson, Mr. G. W., 304, 309, 310.
Wendover, 280, 282.
Westminster Abbey, its lands in Middlesex, 259–260.
----, its lands in Worcestershire and Glo’stershire, 265.
Westminister, Exchequer at, 79–81.
Westmoreland, cornage of, 286.
Wexford, Henry II. at, 152.
William I., charters of, 28–37.
William the chamberlain, _see_ London.
William of Malmesbury, 50, 224.
William of Newburgh, 208–212, 215, 216.
William, son of Isabel, 233.
Winchester, Henry bishop of, 109, 114–117.
Winchester, conference at, 208, 213, 214.
----, a council at, 123.
----, Inquest of 1212 on, 272.
----, municipality of, 242–243.
----, origin of its corporation, 221.
----, the Treasury at, 75–81.
Windsor, William de, 264.
Worcester, Mauger bishop of, 267.
Worcestershire, early _firma_ from, 73.
----, Inquest of 1212 in, 265, 267.
Wyzo, the goldsmith son of Leofstan, 106.
Y
Yarmouth, Inquest of 1212 on, 274.
York, Ealdred, archbishop of, 29.
Yorkshire, troops from, 294–296.
Butler & Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR
[Illustration]
Geoffrey de Mandeville
A STUDY OF THE ANARCHY
pp. xii., 461
“For many reasons this is the most remarkable historical work which
has recently appeared ... at once received fitting recognition as the
most accurate and penetrating work that had till then appeared on the
subject.”--_Spectator._
“It is not easy, within the limits of a review, to do justice to
the learning and ability which characterize Mr. Round’s study....
Indeed few books so learned and suggestive have recently been
published.”--_Literary World._
“The work is most skilfully and ably done, and a whole series of
important discoveries is derived from Mr. Round’s efforts.... The
result is a very large addition to our knowledge.... Mr. Round has
carried through an undertaking which raises him to a foremost position
among historical scholars.”--_Athenæum._
“All the vivacity, keenness, freshness, and accuracy that have marked
Mr. Round’s previous writings.”--_Manchester Guardian._
“Fresh life from dry records is what Mr. Round aims at.... He
has permanently associated his name with the scientific study of
Anglo-Norman history.”--Prof. LIEBERMANN in _English Historical Review_.
“M. J. H. Round vient de nous donner une étude des plus pénétrantes et
fécondes ... c’est un véritable modèle, et l’on doit souhaiter pour nos
voisins qu’il fasse école.”--_Revue Historique._
“Almost, if not quite, the most original effort in history during the
last twenty years was a twelfth century biographical study in which the
value, picturesque and human, of charter evidence was illustrated with
unmatched force.”--_Athenæum._
Feudal England
HISTORICAL STUDIES ON THE XIth AND XIIth CENTURIES
pp. xiv., 587
“Every one who has any care for the true, the intimate history of
mediæval England will at once get this book.... It contains some of the
most important contributions that have been made of late years to the
earlier chapters of English history.... The day for the charters has
come, and with the day the man.... His right to speak is established,
and we are listening.”--_Athenæum._
“The whole book leaves the stamp of deep research and of a singularly
unbiassed mind.... Mr. Round has set all intending researchers an
admirable example ... if we ever get a work which is to do for
the early institutions of England what the great Coulanges did
for those of France, we expect it will be from the pen of Mr.
Round.”--_Spectator._
“Not the least of Mr. Round’s merits is that the next generation will
never want to know how much rubbish he has swept or helped to sweep
away. He has done more than any one scholar to put us in the way of
reading Domesday Book aright. He has illustrated by abundant examples
the wisdom and the necessity of ... patient study of our documents, ...
his acute and ever watchful criticism.”--SIR F. POLLOCK in
_English Historical Review_.
“In _Feudal England_ as in _Geoffrey de Mandeville_ he displays
consummate skill in the critical study of records, and uses the
evidence thus obtained to check and supplement the chroniclers.”--DR.
GROSS in _American Historical Review_.
“Plein de faits, d’observations pénétrantes, de conclusions neuves et
de grande portée, ... il a réussi à rétablir la logique où, avant lui,
on ne trouvait que confusion.”--_Revue Historique._
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Speech in the House of Commons (_Times_, 6th June, 1899).
[2] It is important to observe that the Pope’s letter of 20th
September, 1172, contains an unmistakable reference to the (forged)
Donation of Constantine in the words “Romana ecclesia aliud jus habet
in Insula quam in terra magna te continua” (see p. 197 below). Dr.
Zinkeisen, in his paper on “the Donation of Constantine as applied
by the Roman Church,” speaks of this letter as “a genuine bull of
Alexander III.” (‘English Historical Review,’ ix. 629), but strangely
overlooks the allusion, and asserts that he could find no use made by
the Popes of the forged Donation at this period.
[3] See Mr. Scargill-Bird’s ‘Guide to the Public Records.’
[4] ‘Feudal Aids’ (Calendars of State Papers, etc.), vol. i., pp.
ix.-xi.
[5] Director of the Royal Historical Society; Lecturer on Palæography
and Diplomatic at the London School of Economics, etc., etc.
[6] See pp. 131, 135, 283, etc., and Index.
[7] “The surrender of the Isle of Wight” (in ‘Genealogical Magazine,’
vol. i., p. 1) and “The Red Book of the Exchequer” (in ‘Genealogist,’
July, 1897).
[8] January, 1899 (xiv. 150–151). The first paper in my treatise deals
with “the antiquity of scutage,” and contains further evidence for my
contention that, contrary to the accepted view, this important tax
was levied before the days of Henry II. Mr. Hall replied that it was
“curious to find” me seriously citing “forgeries,” the evidence of
which he ridiculed, without deigning to discuss them.
The “most conclusive document” (as I termed it) which I cited in my
favour is a charter of the time of Stephen, which I printed in full
in my treatise (pp. 8–9). Of this I need scarcely say more than that
the authorities of the British Museum have now selected it for special
exhibition among the most interesting of their charters, and have drawn
particular attention to its important mention of scutage (see the
official guide to the MSS., p. 40).
The value of Mr. Hall’s assertions, and the futility of his attempted
reply, could hardly be more effectively exposed. I may add that I
have still a few copies of my treatise available for presentation to
libraries used by scholars.
[9] See Index.
[10] Archæological Review, iv. 235.
[11] Prefixed to the Domesday volume published by the Sussex
Archæological Society.
[12] A generation later than Domesday we find lands at Broadhurst (in
Horsted Keynes) given to Lewes Priory, which “usque ad modernum tempus
silve fuerunt” (Cott. MS. Nero c. iii. fo. 217).
[13] Anglo-Saxon Britain, p. 30.
[14] Ibid. Dr. Guest suggested of Ælle, at the battle of Mercred’s Burn
(485), that “on this occasion he may have met Ambrosius and a national
army; for Huntingdon tells us that the ‘reges et tyranni Brittanum’
were his opponents.” But if the Saxon advance was eastwards, it could
not well have brought them face to face with the main force of the
Britons.
[15] English Village Community, pp. 126, 127, etc.
[16] Social England, i. 122 _et seq._
[17] 2nd ed. p. 178.
[18] English Village Community, pp. 169, 170.
[19] He writes, of _ing_, that “Mr. Kemble had overlooked no less than
47 names in Kent, 38 in Sussex, and 34 in Essex” (ed. 1888, p. 82).
[20] The Lewes Priory Charters afford instances in point.
[21] Archæological Review, iv. 233 _et seq._
[22] One would like to know on what ground the suffix “-well,” familiar
in Essex (Broadwell, Chadwell, Hawkwell, Netteswell, Prittlewell,
Ridgwell, Roxwell, Runwell), but curiously absent in Sussex, is derived
from the Roman ‘villa.’ It is found in Domesday precisely the same
as at the present day. Yet Professor Earle writes of “Wilburgewella”
that it is “an interesting name as showing the naturalized form of the
Latin _villa_, of which the ordinary Saxon equivalent was _haga_” (Land
Charters, p. 130). This latter equation seems to be most surprising. It
is traceable apparently to a charter of 855, in which we read of “unam
villam quod nos Saxonice ‘an hagan’ dicimus” (Ib. p. 336), an obviously
suspicious phrase. There is no ground for terming the ‘Ceolmundinge
haga’ of a starred document (Ib. p. 315) a villa, while the ‘haga’ of
another (Ib. p. 364) is clearly a _haw_, as in ‘Bassishaw.’ Yet another
charter (Ib. p. 447) is not in point.
[23] But the more closely one investigates the subject the more
difficult one finds it to speak with absolute confidence as to the
original existence, in any given instance, of an _ing_ in the modern
suffixes _-ingham_ and _-ington_.