trial it was no earth-shaking issue for District Attorney Katzmann or
for the State Police. Katzmann, if he had lost, would still have been
re-elected district attorney. The case could not have been worth the
risk of detection and disgrace for him or for Proctor to forge the
evidence for a conviction.
After examining Bullet III, Weller and Jury concluded that it had
been fired into a body—though whether a human or animal body, whether
living or dead, they could not say. They did not think it possible
that the slightly flattened side of the bullet could have been
produced in a test firing. In contrast to Ehrmann and Wilbur Turner,
Thompson’s expert, Weller and Jury did not find that the identifying
scratches on the bullet’s base varied noticeably from the scratches
on the other three bullets.
The inquest record of April 17, 1920, bears out these findings.
Eighteen days before Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested, Dr. Frederick
Jones testified that the bullet which lodged against Berardelli’s
hip bone and was subsequently marked III had been slightly flattened
as it came to rest against the bone. Dr. Magrath, who performed the
autopsy, identified the bullet at the trial a year later by the three
scratches he had made on it:
_As I found it, it lay sideways against the flat surface of the hip
bone, and in my opinion the flattening of the bullet was due its
striking that bone side on. The bone is curved at that point, and a
very slight amount of impact from the more pointed part of the bullet
would bring its side against the bone, if it had not force enough
at that point to perforate the bone and go through it, which it did
not._
The cumulative evidence is overwhelming that the Colt automatic found
on Sacco the night of his arrest was one of the two pistols used to
kill Berardelli. Even if one accepts the possibility that someone
other than Sacco fired the Colt, Sacco knew who that someone was.
Vanzetti’s innocence is, at least for me, confirmed by my talks
with Brini and by Tresca’s admission to Eastman, as well as by the
contradictions to the court testimony brought out in the Pinkerton
reports. Yet it would have been like Vanzetti to go to the chair
rather than betray a friend. He had once remarked that it was an evil
to be arrested, but a still greater evil to desert a comrade. When
Moore was preparing his closing argument at Dedham, he felt that if
he sacrificed Sacco he had a fighting chance of persuading the jury
to acquit Vanzetti. “So I put it up to Vanzetti,” he later wrote;
“‘What shall I do?’ and he answered, ‘Save Nick, he has the woman and
child.’”
Both men died bravely, undoubtedly fortified by the thought,
expressed by them many times, that they were dying for the working
class of the world. Vanzetti, in the death chamber, calmly reasserted
his innocence. Yet it is noteworthy that Sacco, who had refused to
sign all pleas for clemency, chose rather in his last moment to
proclaim his vindicating belief in anarchy.
It is possible that Sacco, whatever his guilt, may have considered
himself innocent in the sense that he was serving a higher cause. His
dreams were of violence. He was, as he told Thompson, at war with
the government. To defend anarchy in the persons of his comrades
Elia and Salsedo may have seemed to him to justify Parmenter and
Berardelli sprawled in the gravel. The paymaster and his guard would
merely be soldiers on the other side of the barricades, their deaths
insignificant in comparison with the triumph of the cause. Vanzetti
could express his anarchistic beliefs and then say, “Of course, I may
be wrong.” Sacco could not qualify himself. His was the iron belief,
one that has caused so much slaughter in the world, that the cause
is more important than the individual. So he turned with fanatic
hatred against Moore; so he applied the imagery of the Passion to his
dilemma; so he died.
Over forty years have passed since the convictions of Sacco and
Vanzetti. Their case was the American case of the century, one
that became all things to all men. So divisive was it, that only
now is it possible to see it in perspective. The accusations and
counteraccusations fade, those who played their roles in it die, but
the tragedy—however one may define it—remains.
SOURCES AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
In spite of the great amount of material that may be found in print
about the Sacco-Vanzetti case, important new information came to
light during the writing of _Tragedy in Dedham_, much of it from
the following persons. While many of them hold opposing views, I am
grateful to them all for giving me of their knowledge and time:
Ben Bagdikian, Dr. William C. Boyd, Alfonsina Brini, Beltrando Brini,
Paul J. Burns, Frank W. Buxton, Albert L. Carpenter, John Conrad,
Anthony W. DiCecca, Barbara B. Dolliver, John Dos Passos, Michael
J. Dray, Max Eastman, Herbert B. Ehrmann, Aldino Felicani, Michael
C. Flaherty, Frank S. Giles, the late James M. Graham, Alden Hoag,
John Hurd, Frank J. Jury, Suzanne La Follette, Isaac Don Levine,
the Reverend Donald G. Lothrop, Eugene Lyons, Charles A. McCarthy,
Robert A. McLean, Robert H. Montgomery, Mary DeP. Murray, Shelley A.
Neal, Willis A. Neal, Tom O’Connor, James Rorty, Joseph Sammarco,
Charles E. Sands, the late Dr. Warren Stearns, Michael E. Stewart,
the Reverend Hillyer H. Stratton, Upton Sinclair, Jac Weller, Otto
Zausmer.
For permission to quote passages from their writings about the case I
am indebted to Dr. Ralph Colp, Jr., Max Eastman, Eugene Lyons, Robert
H. Montgomery, and Upton Sinclair. Permission to quote from the
manuscript of John F. Dever was granted by his executor; permission
to quote from two letters in _The Letters of Sacco and Vanzetti_ was
granted by the publisher, The Viking Press, Inc.
I wish also to acknowledge the help of the Braintree Public Library,
the Boston Public Library, the libraries of the Boston _Globe_ and
the Providence _Journal_, the Boston Athenaeum, the Dartmouth College
Library, and the Harvard Law School Library.
Among the many sources I consulted, the following were the most
pertinent:
Colp, Ralph, Jr. “Sacco’s Struggle for Sanity.” _The Nation_, Vol.
187, No. 4 (August 16, 1958).
——. “Bitter Christmas: A Biographical Inquiry into the Life of
Bartolomeo Vanzetti.” _The Nation_, Vol. 187, No. 22 (December 27,
1958).
Dr. Colp consulted the files of the Massachusetts Department of
Mental Health in writing these accounts of the periods when Sacco
and Vanzetti were confined in mental institutions.
Dever, John F. _Memoirs of the Sacco-Vanzetti Case._ Manuscript,
estate of John F. Dever.
Presents the Dedham trial from the jury’s point of view.
Dos Passos, John. “Facing the Chair.” Boston, Sacco-Vanzetti
Defense Committee, 1927.
Eastman, Max. “Is This the Truth about Sacco and Vanzetti?”
_National Review_, Vol. XI, No. 16 (October 21, 1961).
Eastman’s account of Carlo Tresca’s assertion of Sacco’s guilt;
incorporates the essence of Upton Sinclair’s “The Fishpeddler and
the Shoemaker.”
Ehrmann, Herbert B. _The Untried Case: The Sacco-Vanzetti Case and
the Morelli Gang._ Second edition, New York, The Vanguard Press,
Inc., 1960.
A brilliant working-out of the hypothesis that the South
Braintree crime was committed by the Morelli Gang of Providence,
Rhode Island. It remains, however, only a hypothesis.
Frankfurter, Felix. _The Case of Sacco and Vanzetti._ Boston,
Little, Brown & Co., 1927.
Frankfurter, Marion D., and Jackson, Gardner. _The Letters of Sacco
and Vanzetti._ New York, The Viking Press, Inc., 1928.
The manuscript originals of most of these letters, plus others,
are in the Harvard Law School Library. The published versions
have been edited as to spelling and grammar, a number of
class-war and anticlerical passages have been suppressed, and in
some cases meanings have been altered.
_The Good Shoemaker and the Poor Fish Peddler._ Four reels of
documentary motion picture film. Thought to be lost, discovered
in Rockport, Massachusetts, in 1960 by Tom O’Connor, Donald G.
Lothrop, and Francis Russell. Now in possession of Brandeis
University.
Joughin, G. Louis, and Morgan, Edmund M. _The Legacy of Sacco and
Vanzetti._ New York, Harcourt, Brace & Co., Inc., 1948.
At the time of its publication the most balanced and
comprehensive study. Morgan wrote the chapters on the two trials
and their legal aftermaths; Joughin dealt with the historical,
sociological, and literary aspects of the case.
Lyons, Eugene. _Assignment in Utopia._ New York, Harcourt, Brace &
Co., Inc., 1937.
Montgomery, Robert H. _Sacco-Vanzetti—The Murder and the Myth._ New
York: The Devin-Adair Co., 1960.
The first book attempting to prove that the trial and subsequent
proceedings were fair and that the men were justly convicted.
While arid in style, it offers a careful analysis of the evidence
and presents many telling points requiring detailed answers from
those who think otherwise.
Morelli, Joseph. _Autobiography._ Manuscript, 574 pages.
Copies are said to be in the possession of the author’s
granddaughter, a Providence criminal lawyer, and Louis V.
Jackvony, Jr., son of the one-time counsel for the Morellis.
Musmanno, Michael A. _After Twelve Years._ New York, Alfred A.
Knopf, Inc., 1939.
An account, by one of the younger defense lawyers, of the last
legal maneuvers.
_Pinkerton Report on the South Braintree Holdup._ Manuscript,
Travelers Insurance Company, Hartford, Connecticut.
This report does not appear in _The Sacco-Vanzetti Case:
Transcript of the Record_....
_Record of Public Hearing Before Joint Committee of the
Judiciary of the Massachusetts Legislature on the Resolution of
Representative Alexander J. Cella, Recommending a Posthumous Pardon
for Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti._ Boston, Committee for
the Vindication of Sacco and Vanzetti, 1959.
_The Sacco-Vanzetti Case: Transcript of the Record of the Trial of
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti in the Courts of Massachusetts
and Subsequent Proceedings, 1920-1927._ New York, Henry Holt & Co.,
Inc., 1928-1929.
The five volumes and supplemental volume include the complete
record of the Dedham trial, a nearly complete record of
Vanzetti’s Plymouth trial, the various appeals and their
outcomes, affidavits concerning Madeiros and the Morellis, a
partial record of the Lowell Committee hearings, the minutes of
the Parmenter-Berardelli inquest, and the Pinkerton report on the
Bridgewater holdup.
Sinclair, Upton. “The Fishpeddler and the Shoemaker.” New York,
_Institute of Social Studies Bulletin_, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Summer,
1953).
Article expressing Sinclair’s doubts of Sacco’s innocence and
reporting Fred Moore’s similar doubts.
Vanzetti, Bartolomeo. “The Story of a Proletarian Life.” Boston,
The Sacco-Vanzetti New Trial League, 1924.
Zelt, Johannes. _Proletarischer Internationalismus im Kamp um Sacco
und Vanzetti._ East Berlin, Dietz Verlag, 1958.
Drawing on records in Moscow, this book contains valuable
information about the Communist-controlled development of
the protest movement in Central Europe and the directed
demonstrations inside the Soviet Union. Its balancing of facts,
however, cannot always be relied on. Typical of its distortions
is Zelt’s quotation from _Putj MOPR_, the organ of the
International Red Aid, to the effect that “in 1926 the students
of the University of Brockton, in spite of a ban by reactionary
professors, unanimously chose as their graduation thesis ‘The
Case of Sacco and Vanzetti.’” There is, of course, no college or
university in Brockton, but according to the Boston _Herald_ of
June 3, 1927, “discussion of the Sacco-Vanzetti case by the class
in current events in the local high school has been banned by the
history teacher, Miss Sarah McGrory, on the theory the students
are not old enough to understand it. The action was taken by the
teacher after the class, in its usual manner of selection of a
subject for discussion, voted in favor of the Sacco-Vanzetti
case.”
INDEX
Adrower, Giuseppe, 124, 173-174, 193
Affe (Afa), Carlos, 183, 196-197
Aiken, John, 127, 128, 216
Anderson, George, 423, 443, 446
Anderson, Maxwell, 8, 13
Andrews, Lola, 12, 32-33, 146-151, 153, 224, 230-232, 390
Andrews motion, 221, 264, 265
Arrogni, Harry, 155
Atwater, Eldridge, 161
Atwood, Alfred, 136, 212
automobile, getaway:
at Bridgewater, 49, 50, 51-52
at Dedham trial, 156, 204-205
in Madeiros’ confession, 281, 300, 301, 461
in Manley woods, 56-57
at Plymouth trial, 99
route checked by Francis Russell, 306, 307-308
at South Braintree, 38, 39, 41, 44-46
stolen from Francis Murphy, 51
Bagdikian, Ben, 305, 309
Baker, Alta, 44
Balboni, Carlo, 102
Balboni, Rosa, 102
Barone, Bibber, 290, 292, 299, 300
Barr, C. A., 52-53, 56
Barry, John, 267, 268
Bastoni, Enrico, 102
Beal, Fred, 421, 448, 452
Bedard, Alfred, 282
Beffel, John Nicholas, 113, 115, 116
Behrsin, Hans, 34-35, 37, 69, 146
Benchley, Robert, 391, 412
Benkosky, Steve (Steve the Pole), 294, 295, 297, 300
Bent, Silas, 304, 312
Berardelli, Alessandro, 35, 36, 37-38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 46, 314, 462
autopsy on, 47, 158
revolver of, 26, 142, 160-162, 163, 176
Berardelli, Sarah, 162, 176, 391-392
Bernkopf, Elizabeth, 246-247, 412
Blackwell, Alice Stone, 253
Bloor, Ella Reeve, 436, 448, 451
Boda, Mike, 54, 55, 57-59, 60-61, 70, 88, 91, 92, 96-97, 101, 140,
156, 166, 178, 180, 181, 183, 190, 197, 314, 462
pistol of, 58, 295 fn.
Boice, Mae, 284, 286-287, 299
bombings, 17, 84-85, 117, 121, 219, 331, 412, 426
Bongiovanni, Adeladi, 103
Borsari, Emma, 103
Bosco, Albert, 172, 182, 193, 395-397
Bostock, Jimmy, 37, 38, 40, 42, 47, 48, 69, 142, 159, 162, 224
Bowles, Benjamin, 49-50, 69, 94, 99
Boyd, Dr. William, 318
Brandeis, Louis, 114, 435
Branting, George, 386
Brenner, William, 39, 146, 307
Brini, Alfonsina, 77, 104, 169-170
Brini, Beltrando, 21-23, 78, 103-104, 369, 392, 466
Brini, Vincenzo, 77, 93, 95, 104
Brooks, Edward, 152
Brooks, Georgina, 95, 99-100
Brouillard, Albert, 51, 52, 57, 58, 118, 148, 356
Broun, Heywood, 419
Bruno, “Doggy,” 272-273, 319, 320, 321, 324
Bullard, F. Lauriston, 344-345
bullets, 13, 47, 158-160, 201, 202, 205, 209, 212, 233, 234-235,
242-244, 314-318, 376-377, 402, 415, 461, 464-465
Burgess, Henry, 105
Burke, Frank, 40, 69, 164, 224, 225, 297
Burns, James, 158-159, 160, 163, 295, 376, 464
Cahoon, Dr. Charles, 238
Callahan, Jack, 271, 304
Callahan, William, 68, 93, 94, 139, 164, 166
Campbell, Dr. C. MacFie, 239
Campbell, Julia, 31-33, 149, 151
Cannon, James, 332, 333, 335
Canter, Harry, 253, 405, 416, 421
cap, found near Berardelli, 42, 47, 125, 157, 183, 190, 194, 197,
401, 415
Carbarn Bandits, 349-350
Carbone, Antony, 122, 340
Carpenter, Albert, 224, 231, 253, 278, 279
Carrigan, Mark, 36, 40, 69, 142
Carter, Edward, 164
Casey, Richard, 52, 101
Cellucci, Joseph, 167
Cerro, Henry, 167
Chase, Elmer, 41, 168
Chisholm, George, 44
Christophori, Esther, 103
Cicchetti, Beniamino, 118, 120
Citizens National Committee for Sacco and Vanzetti, 427
Clark, Francis, 45, 301
Cline, Charles, 335-336, 338
Coacci, Ferruccio, 54, 55-56, 57, 96, 97, 112, 140, 287 fn., 462
pistol of, 58
Codman, John, 114, 253, 382
Coes, Loring, 194, 391
Colarossi, Vincent, 177
Colbert, Maurice, 40
Cole, Austin, 62, 101, 152-153
Collins, John, 315, 316-317
Colp, Dr. Ralph, 241
Communists, and Sacco-Vanzetti case, 6-7, 217-218, 328-329, 330,
332-333, 335-336, 338, 366-367, 454
Connolly, Michael, 62-63, 100, 156, 406
Conrad, John, 324, 325
Constantino, Dominic, 146
Cook, Waldo, 419, 427
Coolidge, Calvin, 406-407, 435
Corl, Melvin, 170, 177
Cox, Alfred E., 49-50, 69, 94, 99, 390, 403
Cummings, Homer S., 250-51
Daley, William, 244, 263
Damato, Nicola, 41, 155
Darroch, Lola, 111, 224, 232, 253
Darrow, Clarence, 336, 338
DeBeradinis, Louis, 41, 69
Debs, Eugene, 326
DeFalco, Angelina, 118-121
Defense Committee, 107, 141, 219, 222, 267, 326, 333-334, 335, 338,
417, 427
and conduct of defense, 125-126
DeForest, Ralph, 34
Dentamore, Antonio, 182, 196, 395, 396
Department of Justice, 121-123, 340-341, 426-427, 433
Desmond, Walter, 44, 168, 300
Dever, John, 13, 133-136, 137, 138, 143, 144, 145, 148, 150, 153,
155, 159, 163, 164, 170-171, 174-175, 180, 211-212, 233, 413
Devlin, Frances, 35, 36, 40, 69, 143, 144, 165
Di Bona, Candido, 412
DiCarlo, John, 102
DiCecca, Anthony, 319-323
Dodson, William, 270 fn.
Dolbeare, Harry, 31, 151-152
Donato, Narciso, 89-90
Donovan, Mary, 268, 334, 356, 362, 384, 405, 408, 416-417, 424, 425,
436, 451, 454, 456
Dorr, Wilson, 45, 168
Dos Passos, John, 421
Doyle, Tommy, 224, 225, 228, 278
Dray, Michael, 24-26
Dreyfus, Alfred, 381
Driver, Thomas, 285
Duval, Clement, 86
Eastman, Max, 463
eels, delivery from Corso & Cannizzo, 404-405
Ehrmann, Herbert, 3, 286-289, 292-298, 308, 314, 355, 369, 376, 402,
404-405, 411, 461, 465
Elia, Roberto, 12, 88-91
Emerson, Marion, 108
Ensher, Napoleon, 101, 156
Ernst, Morris, 303-305, 308, 309, 310, 314, 462
Ettor, Joe, 109, 326
Evans, Elizabeth Glendower, 114, 139, 157, 165-166, 190, 207, 223,
237-238, 240, 244, 252, 258, 327, 334, 336, 337, 341, 356, 362,
382, 385, 419, 423, 452
Evarts, Richard, 411, 431, 433, 435
Fabbri, Amleto, 267, 333
Falcone, Emilio, 166
Falzini, Luigi, 160, 161
Farmer, Albert, 44, 300, 301
Farnum, George, 433
Faulkner, John, 152, 153
Felicani, Aldino, 14, 15, 16-18, 82, 107, 108, 113, 139, 172, 177,
252, 253, 268, 269, 334-335, 338, 356, 404, 405, 409, 424, 432,
434, 458
and DeFalco episode, 118, 119, 120
and defense funds, 223, 333
Ferguson, Lawrence, 165
Ferrari, Joseph, 282, 298, 299, 322, 356
Field, Elias, 242, 243, 411, 412, 433, 442
Finerty, John, 422, 428, 443, 446
Fiochi, Margherita, 103
Fitzemeyer, George, 162-163
Fitzgerald, J. Henry, 160, 163
Flaherty, Michael, 268, 459
Fleming, Michael, 290-291, 299, 356
Florence, Aldeah, 176
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 108, 109, 113, 116, 268, 269
Flynn, William J., 87, 88, 89
Foley, William, 166
Fortini, Mary, 102, 404
Fraher, Thomas, 47, 48, 370, 401
Frankfurter, Felix, 8, 87, 268, 286, 332, 334, 341, 353-354, 366, 383,
408, 411, 424, 435, 459
_Atlantic Monthly_ article, 352-353
_vs._ John Wigmore, 371-372
Frantello, Albert, 36, 48, 69, 165
Frazer, Dr. John Chisholm, 46, 141
Fuller, Alvan T., 20, 23, 278, 346, 347, 349, 353, 355, 363, 366-367,
368, 389, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426-427, 441, 446-447
character of, 5-6, 350-351
investigation by, 369-370, 373, 390-391, 392, 404, 405, 406, 407,
408-409
and Madeiros, 378-379, 388
and Vanzetti, 394
Fuller, Charles, 56-57, 156
Gaines, Mary, 198
Galleani, Luigi, 78, 80, 84, 86, 87, 88
Gallivan, Jeremiah, 43-44, 47, 118, 397, 401, 412, 415
Ganley, John, 131, 212
Gatti, Nicola, 167
Geary, Daniel, 288
Gerard, George, 136, 175, 212
Gill, Augustus, 234, 376, 390
Giovannitti, Arturo, 78, 80, 109, 326
Goddard, Calvin, 376-377, 402, 415, 464
Goodridge, Carlos, 12, 41, 154, 155-156, 224, 228-230, 390
Goodridge motion, 221, 228, 246, 264, 265
Gould, Roy, 36-37, 224-225, 369, 403, 415
Gould-Pelser motion, 221, 224, 263, 265
Govoni, Doviglio, 93, 94, 102
Grabill, Ethelbert Vincent, 367, 371, 431
Graham, James, 94, 95-96, 97, 98, 105, 443
Grant, Robert, 373, 375, 389, 400, 403, 413, 414
Graves, Earl, 49-50, 51, 52, 94
Greenslet, Ferris, 374, 451
Guadagni, Felice, 93, 119, 120, 171-172, 173, 182, 193, 253, 395-397,
405
Guerin, Lieutenant, 198, 199
Guidierris, Sibriano, 167
Guidobone, Angelo, 170
Hamilton, Albert, 233-235, 242-243, 262, 295, 377, 402
and switched pistol barrels, 247-249
Hamilton-Proctor motion, 221, 233, 244, 247, 264, 265
Hapgood, Powers, 436, 441, 442
Harding, Frank (“Slip”), 50, 52, 69, 70, 94-95, 99
Hassam, George, 51, 69, 100
garage of, 96, 271 fn., 462
Hassam, John, 232, 369
Hassam, Lola, 31. _See also_ Andrews, Lola
Hawley, Frank, 198, 199
Hayes, James, 195-196
Hayes, Louise, 36, 39, 69, 295, 403
Hays, Arthur Garfield, 428, 433
Hellyer, Henry, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 167-168, 198, 339
Henderson, Jessica, 238, 419, 432, 434
Heron, William, 33, 154, 155
Hersey, Wallace, 131, 221
Hewins, Mabel, 45
Hicks, Granville, 332
Hill, Arthur Dehon, 235-236, 244, 245, 327, 411, 412, 419-421, 422,
424, 430-431, 432, 433, 435, 440
Holladay, Paula, 436, 437
Holmes, John Haynes, 366, 427, 452, 460
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 84, 353, 423, 433, 446
Hunting, Dr. Nathaniel, 46, 141
Hurwitz, Albert, 275-277
Iacovelli, Henry, 197, 198
Iscorla, Pedro, 166
Israel, Harold, 249-250, 251
Jack, Cerise Carman, 139, 166, 238, 258, 326, 327, 346, 382
Jackson, Frank, 397, 398, 400
Jackson, Gardner, 334-335, 338, 383, 384, 392, 404, 405, 406, 408,
424, 451, 456, 457, 460
Jackson, William Schuyler, 428, 433, 446
Jackvony, Louis, 302, 305, 310
Jacobs, Ellsworth, 292-293
James, Edward Holton, 370, 371, 417, 436, 442, 455
Jesse, Frank, 170, 177
Jocomo, John, 274-275
Johnson, Ruth, 60-61, 66, 100, 106
Johnson, Samuel, 57, 331
Johnson, Simon, 57, 59, 60, 61, 64, 66, 100, 106, 178, 181
Jones, Dr. Frederick, 47, 141, 465
Jury, Frank, 464, 465
Kane, Francis Fisher, 428, 433
Kane, William, 69, 95, 97, 98, 124
Karnes, Robert, 288
Katzmann, Frederick Gunn, 8, 20, 22, 24, 68, 93, 96, 114, 118, 121,
122, 282, 340, 353, 354, 395, 401, 465
character of, 4-5, 25-26, 66-67
cross-examination of Sacco, 184-186, 188-191
cross-examination of Vanzetti, 179-181
at Dedham trial, 130, 133, 136, 138, 139, 142, 145, 146, 149, 151,
158, 161, 178, 418 fn.
and DeFalco episode, 119, 120
and Orciani, 162, 190
at Plymouth trial, 97, 98, 99, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106
summation at Dedham trial, 202-205
Katzmann, Percy, 119, 120, 124
Kelley, George, 82, 92, 125, 157, 174, 190, 194
Kelley, Michael, 72, 73, 79, 82, 173, 191
Kelley, William, 290-292
Kelliher, Julia, 45, 301, 461
Kennedy, Minnie, 36, 39, 69, 295, 403
King, Harry, 136, 329 fn.
King, John, 52, 100
Kurlansky, Harry, 150-151
LaBrecque, Alfred, 150, 298
La Guardia, Fiorello, 366, 441, 452
Langlois, Edgar, 39, 144
Laughton, Warren, 61, 62, 64
Lawrence, Bishop William, 363-365, 389, 418
LeBaron, Frank, 55-56, 64
Letherman, Lawrence, 275, 340, 341, 342
Levangie, Mike, 29, 40, 48, 69, 151
Levine, Isaac Don, 426, 427, 428, 442
Lewis, Alfred Baker, 405, 416, 421, 458
Lippmann, Walter, 419
Liscomb, Barbara, 39, 167
Lloyd, John, 45
Longhi, Vincent, 103
Lopez, Frank, 113, 197, 216, 224, 252, 253, 267
Loring, Fred, 42, 47, 157
Lowell, Abbott Lawrence, 2, 5, 372, 373-375, 389, 402, 403, 413
and Bosco-Guadagni alibi, 395-397
Lowell Committee, 315, 373, 376, 388, 389, 395, 402
report of, 407, 413-415, 417, 419
Luban, Jacob, 273, 274-277, 279, 321
Lummus, Henry, 282, 285, 328
Lyons, Eugene, 110, 111-112, 114, 216, 222, 225, 226, 253, 329 fn.,
333, 334, 383, 452, 462
Lyons, Fred, 271 fn.
McAnarney, Jeremiah, 25-26, 126, 127, 129-130, 131-132, 135, 139,
140, 147, 153, 155, 171, 174, 176, 179, 185, 192, 200, 220, 221,
307, 341
summation at Dedham, 201-202
McAnarney, John, 126, 127, 132-133, 179, 268, 406
McAnarney, Thomas, 126-127, 130, 159, 164, 213, 215, 245-246
McCullum, Peter, 39, 146, 162, 307
MacDonald, Herman, 369, 373, 390, 392, 407
McGlone, Jim, 37, 42, 144
McHardy, Lewis, 136, 426
McLaughlin, Dr. Joseph, 266, 430, 449, 450
McLean, Bob, 305, 307, 308, 310, 311, 312, 313, 316
MacMechan, Virginia, 258, 259
McNamara, Frank, 136, 221
McNaught, Henry, 152
Madeiros, Celestino, 279-285, 286-287, 289-290, 294, 298, 299-300,
301, 314, 341-342, 377-379, 388, 405, 406, 409, 413, 423, 441,
449-450, 455, 456, 461
Magazu, Peter, 41, 154, 155
Magrath, Dr. George Burgess, 47, 141, 158, 418, 449, 455, 465
Mahoney, Margaret, 31, 35, 142, 162
Malaguti, Terese, 102
Mancini, Tony, 294-295, 296-298, 314
Marden, Frank, 135, 221
Marks, Jeannette, 384, 451
Mede, Jimmy, 271-272, 273-274, 277-278, 320, 321-323, 324
Meyerson, Dr. Abraham, 238, 239, 368
Millay, Edna St. Vincent, 421, 428, 441
Minor, Robert, 116
Moller, Emil, 278-279
Monello, Angelo, 172-173, 182
Monterios, Barney, 284-285, 290, 299, 309