MARKETING
It is essential in modern times that goods which are placed on the
market should be as attractive as it is possible to make them, and
cordage forms no exception to this rule. The acme of attraction may be
said to have been reached when a sale is effected more from appearance
than from any immediate want, and this is the ideal to be aimed at. No
detail which will make the goods attractive or memorable should be
omitted. Carelessly made-up goods are quickly noticed, and however high
may be the quality of the article, an indifferent make-up creates an
unfavourable impression which is difficult to remove.
Little things, insignificant in themselves, often form the nucleus of
great undertakings. Mnemonic titles, trade names, distinctive labels and
the like are all adopted to safeguard the interests of the maker, to
guarantee his products, to spread his fame, and to keep his goods
constantly in the mind’s eye of the purchaser.
Whilst no great effort is necessary to parcel up small articles in an
attractive form, it seems hardly possible to deal with bulky articles
with the same degree of success. Nevertheless, several of these heavy
and unhandy articles are elegantly made up as is emphasized by the coils
in Fig. 31. This is the usual way of making up ropes, and the size of
the coil depends partly upon the length of the rope, partly upon the use
to which it is to be put, and partly upon the thickness. If the ropes
are to be cut up into definite lengths, the coil will be a multiple of
that length; if otherwise, a common length of rope is 120 fathoms as
already stated.
The smaller coils, and the better grades of larger coils, are often
enclosed in paper, while the larger ones are covered with wrappers of
suitable texture to ensure the arrival of the ropes in good condition at
their destination. The coils themselves are securely bound as
exemplified in Fig. 31 to prevent the displacement of the structure
during transit or handling, and, in addition, many of these large and
valuable ropes are entirely covered by a cheap rope binding.
A large quantity of ropes, cords and twines are made into hanks or
“rands,” as they are termed, on a special machine. For short lengths
this method of making up is very compact, very neat and very convenient
for marketing.
Binder twine is first made up into standard size balls which must fit
the boxes on the reaping and binding machines; afterwards they are
packed in bales ready for despatch.
Other varieties of twine are made up in the same shape of balls as
above, but the sizes of the balls depend upon many circumstances. Large
quantities for the retail trade are made up into convenient sizes to
suit the twine boxes, and again many are made to a specified weight.
It will thus be seen that a series of balling machines will be required
to deal with the making up of the twine in this form. These machines
make neat and attractive-looking balls, the weight of which may vary
from 2 oz. to 28 lb. each.
The mechanism by means of which the yarn is built up into balls is at
once elegant and ingenious, and the made-up ball is quite satisfactory
if when commencing to use the twine, the end is withdrawn from the right
end of the ball. A ticket with the words “pull out this end” is often
attached as a guide. If the twine is drawn from the wrong end of a ball,
the continual difficulty experienced in withdrawing the twine will be
always remembered; on the other hand, if the twine is drawn out at the
proper end, the correct running of the twine will enable the attendant
to complete his parcel tying with the minimum of trouble and time, and
enable him to give attention to other work in hand.
This inconvenience is obviated by a comparatively recent introduction in
winding which makes an elegant cylindrical structure termed a roll. This
popular and efficient mechanism is the Universal Winding Machine, the
various makes of which enable rolls of from 2 oz. to 72 lb. to be made
perfectly. The rolls are so attractive, compact, economical and easily
handled that one would not be surprised to see a much more extended
application of this useful form of package.
For shops and similar places, the smaller balls and rolls are made up in
paper parcels of about 12 lb. each. The larger balls and rolls may be
made up separately or in convenient numbers. Sewing threads and yarns
may be made up in small balls, but a more common and neater arrangement
is to make them up on reels or in rolls. Neatness, facility for use, and
suitability for intended purposes are the main points to be cultivated
in order to secure and retain business.
INDEX
AGAVE Americana, 8
---- ----, section, 10
---- ----, ---- of fibres, 11
----, Photomicrograph of Mexican, 12
---- sisalana, 35
---- ----, cultivation of, 36, 37
---- ----, harvesting of, 38
---- ----, height of leaves of, 36
---- ----, weeding of, 36
Automatic spinning frame, 79, 89, 91
---- thread stop motion, 94
BALING, 54
---- press, 43, 44, 107
Balling machine, 109
Bast layers, 24, 25, 29
---- ----, length of, 26
Batch, 87
Binder twine, 109
Blend, 87
Bobbin-to-bobbin polishing machine, 96
Box cords, 50, 97, 98
Braiding, 98
Breaker cards, 74
Breaking, 15, 24, 25, 27
---- machines, 60
CABLE-LAID, 97
Card, 73, 74
Carding machine, 73, 74
China jute, 50
Closer, 100
Closing, 103
Coiling machine, 101, 105, 106
Coils of rope, 105, 106
Coir, 47, 96
Cords, 5, 50, 67, 93, 97
Cotton driving ropes, 55
---- fibres, cross-sectional view of, 15
---- ----, longitudinal view of, 15
Cutting machine, 60, 61
DECORTICATOR, 38, 40
Demi-sec spinning, 85
Differential motion, 82, 86
Doffing, 83
Doubling frame, 77
Drafting, 69, 71, 72, 77, 80, 83, 85, 91
Drawing frame, 73, 76, 77, 79
Dry spinning frame, 83
Drying bleached yarns, 93
FALLERS, 71, 87
Fibre, grading of Manila, 33, 34
----, ---- of New Zealand, 47
----, harvesting of hemp, 22
----, Imports of hemp, 50
----, ---- of Manila, 35
----, price of different kinds of, 54
----, ---- of Manila, 34, 51
----, production of hemp, 20
----, yield of hemp, 22
----, ---- of Manila, 33
----, ---- of New Zealand, 47
Fibres, biblical reference to, 3
----, characteristics of, 2
----, classification of, 16
----, hard and soft, 17, 18, 89
----, views of cotton, 15
----, separation and extraction of, 2, 5, 6, 26
----, shipments of, 52
----, sources of, 5, 13, 15
Finisher cards, 74
Fishing lines, 97
Flax, 13, 16, 18, 24, 29, 45, 83
GILL spinning frame, 79, 85
Gills, 71, 78, 91
HACKLE pins, 79, 87
Hackler and spreader, 87, 88
Hackling machine, 62
---- ----, automatic screwing apparatus for, 64
---- tools, 65
---- ----, grouping of pins in, 65
Hand dressing, 66
Hardening the strand, 104
Hemp plants, 13
---- ----, cross section of, 13
---- ----, cultivation of, 21, 22
---- ----, grown in various countries, 16, 19, 20
---- ----, height of, 19
----, Siretz, 29
----, true, 17
House machines, 100, 101
INTERMEDIATE machine, 89
JUTE, 13, 18, 44, 76, 83, 107
----, China, 50
LAYING-UP, 103, 105
Line, 68
Lines, 93
----, fishing, 97
Log lines, 98
MAGUEY, 47
Manila, 31, 44
---- and other fibres, 87
----, grading of, 51
----, machine for, 87
----, plants, height of, 32
----, price of, 51
Marketing, 108
Marks or grades, 87
Mauritius fibre, 47
NEW Zealand fibre, yield of, 47
---- ---- hemp, 45
---- ---- ---- plants, harvesting of, 46
---- ---- ---- ----, height of, 45
Numbering yarns, 107
PLAITING, 98
Plants, cultivation of Manila, 31
----, height of Manila, 32
RANDS, 109
Raspadore, 38
Reach, 76, 78
Retting, 18, 23, 24, 25
Rope driving, 106
---- machine, 98
---- making, 17, 100
---- walk, 97, 100, 102, 103, 105
Ropes, 5, 15, 100, 102, 104, 107
Roughing, 67
Rove, 68, 80, 82
Roving frame, 79, 80
SCUTCHER, 38
Scutching, 15, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 73
Seeds, 15, 21, 22, 32
Sett frame, 77
Sewing twines, 67
Shive, 28
Sisal, 7, 35, 44
---- breaker, 38
----, grading of, 44, 45
Sliver, 68, 69, 72, 73, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 85, 89
Softening, 56, 57
Sorting and selecting, 68
Sowing, 21
Spread board, 69, 72, 77, 78
Spindle winding machine, 92
Spinning, 5, 55, 79, 83, 85
Stationary machine for ropes, 104
Strander, 100
Strands, 5, 100, 103, 105
Strick, 28, 56, 73
Sunn hemp, 49
Systems of machinery, 56, 68
TAR, 91
Top cart, 103
---- -shaped block, 104
Tow, 49, 73, 74
Traveller, 103
Twines, 5, 93
Twist and twisting, 48, 82, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98
WARPING, 91
Washing tanks, 40, 43
Wet spinning, 85
Whip cords, 97
Winding-on reel, 101
Winding machine, 110
Window blind cords, 97
Winding reel, 91
Wool, 5, 16
YARN numbering, 107
THE END
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Transcriber’s notes
The illustrations have been moved to appropriate paragraph breaks.
References to their page numbers in the List of Illustrations and the
Index have been adjusted accordingly.
The footnotes have been renumbered and moved to the end of the chapter
in which they occur. Index entries may refer to text in a footnote.
Some index entries have been changed where it seems the original page
number was incorrect.
The reference to Fig. 10 on page 51 originally read Fig. 12.
The advertisements have been moved to the end of the book.
Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. Inconsistent
hyphenation has not been changed.