=The Chief of Hīnta.=—I was not deceived; it is now midnight, but, late
as it is, I will introduce to the readers a few of my visitors. The
chief of Hinta, who was absent at his patrimonial estate of Kun, on the
hills of Chappan,[11.2.1] sent his brother and his _homme d’affaires_ to
make his compliments to me, and express his regret that he could not
offer them personally at Hinta, which he said was “my own township.”
This was not mere customary civility. Hinta had been taken by the
Saktawats soon after the commencement of the civil wars of S. 1824,
which was within the period (A.D. 1766) fixed by the general
arrangements of the 4th of May 1818, for restitution; and it was
impossible, without departing from the principle on which they were
based, that the chief should retain it, though he could plead the
prescriptive right of half-a-century.
The discussions regarding Hinta were consequently very warm: the
renunciation of ten valuable townships by the Maharaja Zorawar Singh of
Bhindar, the head of the Saktawat clans, did not annoy the Bhindar chief
so much as his failure to retain Hinta as one of his minor feuds: nay,
the surrender of Arja, the price of blood, a far more important castle
and domain, by his own brother Fateh Singh (the original acquisition of
which sealed the conclusion of a long-standing feud), excited less
irritation than the demand that Hinta should revert to the fisc. “It is
the key of Bhindar,” said the head of the clan. “It was a Saktawat
allotment from the first,” exclaimed his brother. “The Ranawat was an
interloper,” cried another. “It is my _bapota_, the abode of my
fathers,” was the more feeling expression of the occupant. It was no
light task to deal with such arguments; especially when an appeal to the
dictates of reason and justice was thwarted by the stronger impulse of
self-interest. But in a matter involving so important a stipulation of
the treaty, which required “that all fiscal possessions which, since S.
1822 (A.D. 1766), the commencement of the civil wars, had, by whatever
means, passed from the Rana to the chieftains, should be reclaimed,”
firmness was essential to the success of a measure on which [605]
depended the restoration of order. The Saktawats behaved nobly, and with
a purely patriotic spirit throughout the scene, when almost all had to
relinquish important possessions. The issue was, that Hinta, with its
domain, after remaining twelve months incorporated with the fisc, was
restored to Zorawar, but curtailed of Dundia and its twelve hundred
acres, which, though united to Hinta, was a distinct township in the old
records. Having paid ten thousand rupees as the fine of relief, the
chief was girt with the sword, and re-established in his _bapota_, to
the great joy of the whole clan.
Hinta is burdened with the service of fourteen horse and fourteen foot;
its _rekh_, or nominal value, in the _patta-bahi_, or ‘record of fiefs,’
being seven thousand rupees; but, in consideration of the impoverished
condition of his estate, the chief was only called on to furnish five
horse and eight foot. The present possessor of Hinta is an adoption from
the chieftainship of Kun; but, contrary to established usage, he holds
both Hinta and Kun, his parent fief, whereby he has a complex character,
and conflicting duties to fulfil. As chief of Kun, he belongs to the
third class of nobles, styled _gol_, and is subject to constant personal
attendance on the Rana; as lord of Hinta, too, he has to furnish a quota
to serve “at home or abroad!” Being compelled to appear at court in
person, his quota for Hinta was placed under the charge of Man Singh
(another of the Saktawat sub-vassalage), and was sent to the thana of
little Sadri, on the Malwa frontier, to guard it from the depredations
of the forester Bhil. But I was commissioned by the Rana to reprimand
the representative of Hinta, and to threaten him with the
re-sequestration of the estate, if he did not better perform the service
for which he held it. In consequence of this remonstrance, I became
acquainted with a long tale of woe; and Man Singh’s vindication from a
failure of duty will introduce a topic worthy of notice connected with
the feudal system of Mewar, namely, the subdivision of fiefs.
Man Singh Saktawat is a younger branch of the Lawa family, and one of
the infants who escaped the massacre of Sheogarh, when Lalji Rawat and
two generations were cut off to avenge the feud with Kurabar. In order,
however, to understand the claims of Man Singh, we must go back to the
period when Lalji Rawat was lord of Nethara, which, for some offence, or
through some court-intrigue, was resumed, and bestowed on one of the
rival clan of Chondawat. Being a younger branch of the Bansi family (one
of the senior subdivisions of Bhindar), Lalji was but slenderly provided
for in the family allotment (_bat_). On losing Nethara, he repaired to
Dungarpur, whose Rawal gave him a grant of Sheogarh, an almost
inaccessible fort on the [606] borders of the two countries. Thus
compelled, through faction, to seek subsistence out of his native soil,
Lalji renounced his loyalty, and with his sons, now Barwatias or
‘outlaws,’ resolved to prey upon Mewar. They now looked to Bhindar, the
head of their clan, as their lord, and joined him in opposing their late
sovereign in the field, levying blackmail from the estates of their
rivals; or, when the influence of the latter sunk at court, and was
supplanted by the clan of Saktawat, Lalji poised his lance in the train
of his chief in defence of the throne. Thus passed his life, a chequered
course of alternate loyalty and treason, until its tragical close at
Sheogarh.[11.2.2]
Sangram Singh, the eldest son of Lalji,[11.2.3] with his infant nephews,
Jai Singh and Nahar (who was absent), escaped the avenger’s sword, under
which perished his father, mother, both brothers, and all his own
children, at one fell swoop! Sangram succeeded to the possession of
Sheogarh, and to the feuds of his family. His nephew, young Nahar,
joined in all his enterprises, from the defence of Kheroda to the
escalade and capture of the castle of Lawa, in which he maintained
himself until the Rana not only pardoned him, but gave him precedence
above his enemies in his own councils.
Lawa was wrested by Sangram Singh Saktawat from Sangram Singh the Dudia,
an ancient tribe, but like many others little known, until the incident
we are about to relate gave it a momentary gleam of splendour, and
afforded the bard an opportunity to emblazon its fame upon his page.
Even in these regions, so full of strange vicissitudes, the sudden rise
of the Dudia is a favourite topic of the traditional muse of Mewar.
=The Dudia Clan.=—Chandrabhan was the father of this meteor of the day;
his sole wealth consisted of a team of oxen, with which he tilled a few
bighas of land at the base of Naharamagra, the ‘tiger mount,’ where the
Rana had a _ramna_ or preserve, for the royal sport of tiger-hunting. It
was during the autumnal harvest, when the Dudia had finished his day’s
work, having put up the last rick of _makkai_ (Indian corn), as he was
driving home the companions of his toil, a voice hailed him from the
wood. He answered, and advanced to the spot whence it issued, where he
found a stranger, evidently of rank, with his horse panting for breath.
After inquiring his tribe, and [607] being told “Rajput,” the stranger
begged a little water, which was supplied, along with two coarse cakes
of _makkai_, and a little _chana-ka-dal_, pulse cooked with _ghi_, or
clarified butter, which the honest Dudia took out of a cloth not over
clean. Having performed all the other duties which hospitality requires,
the Dudia made his salaam, and was about to depart, when a train of
horsemen coming in sight, he paused to look at them. All went up to the
stranger; and, from the profound respect paid to him, he found that he
had entertained no common guest.
It was in fact his sovereign, the Rana Jagat Singh, who delighted in the
chase, and having that day been bewildered in the intricacies of
Naharamagra, had stumbled on the Dudia carle. The latter expressed
neither surprise nor delight when introduced to the Rana, and replied to
all his questions with the frankness that grows out of the sentiment of
honest pride and independence, which never abandons a Rajput, whatever
be his condition.[11.2.4] The Rana was so much pleased with his rustic
host, that he commanded a led horse to be brought forth, and desired the
Dudia would accompany him to Udaipur, only ten miles distant. ‘The
rocket of the moon’[11.2.5] (Chandrabhan), in his peasant’s garb,
bestrode the noble charger with as much ease as if it were habitual to
him. The next day the Dudia was conducted to the Presence, and invested
with a dress which had been worn by his sovereign (a distinguished mark
of royal favour), accompanied with the more solid reward of the grant of
Kuwaria and its lands in perpetuity.
Chandrabhan and his benefactor died about the same time. Rana Raj had
succeeded to the throne of Mewar, and Sardar Singh, son of Chandrabhan,
did personal service for the lands of Kuwaria. It was a source of daily
amusement for the prince and his youthful associates to plunge into the
fountain at the Saheli-ki-bari,[11.2.6] a villa about two miles from the
capital, on which occasions reserve was banished, and they gave
themselves up to unrestrained mirth. The young Dudia had some
peculiarities, which made him a butt for their wit. The following
incident will show the character of these princely pastimes. It was one
day remarked, that when refreshing in the _kund_, or reservoir, Sardar
Singh did not lay aside his turban, which provoked a suspicion that he
had no hair. The Rana, impatient to get a peep at the bare head of [608]
the son of Chandrabhan, proposed that they should push each other into
the water. The sport began, and the Dudia’s turban falling off,
disclosed the sad truth. The jest, however, was not relished by Sardar;
and he tartly replied, in answer to his sovereign’s question, “what had
become of his hair?” that “he had lost it in his service, in a former
birth, as Chela,[11.2.7] by carrying wood upon his head to feed the
flame, when his sovereign, as a jogi, or ascetic, performed penance
(_tapasya_) in the hills of Badarinath.” The prince felt that he had
violated decorum; but the reply was pregnant with sarcasm, and his
dignity must be maintained. “Sardar must bring proof of his assertion,
or punishment awaits him,” was the rejoinder. The young chief, in the
same lofty tone, offered the evidence of the Deota (divinity) of the
temple of Kuwaria. This was a witness whose testimony could not be
impugned, and he had leave to bring it forward.
At the village of Gopalpur, attached to his estate of Kuwaria, was a
temple of the Bagrawats, a tribe little known, having a shrine of their
divinity, who was personified by an image with a tiger’s (_bagh_)
head.[11.2.8] “He invoked his support on this occasion, when the Deota
threw him the flower[11.2.9] in his hand, and desired him to carry it to
his sovereign.” He did so, and the Rana’s faith was too great to dispute
the miracle. What honours could suffice for the man who had performed
the most meritorious service to his prince in former transmigrations!
_Mang_, ‘ask,’ was the sign of grace and favour. Sangram’s request was
governed by moderation; it was for Lawa and its lands, which adjoined
his estate at Kuwaria.
The Rana being yet a minor, and the queen-mother at the head of affairs,
he hastened to her to be released from the debt of gratitude. But Lawa,
unluckily, was held by herself; and although she was not heretic enough
to doubt the miraculous tale, she thought the Dudia might have selected
any other land but hers, and testily replied to her son’s request, that
“he might give him Mewar if he chose.” Displeased at this
unaccommodating tone, the prince quickly rejoined, “Mewar shall be his,
then.” The word of a prince is sacred; he sent for Sangram, and thus
addressed him: “I give you Mewar for the space of three days; make the
best use of your time; my arsenals, my armouries, my treasury, my
stables, my throne and its ministers, are at your command.”[11.2.10] The
temporary Rana availed himself of this large [609] power, and conveyed
to his estate whatever he had a mind to. During the abdication Sardar
held his court, though he had too much tact actually to press the
cushion of his master; but seated himself on one side of the vacant
throne, attended by all the nobles, fully impressed with the sanctity of
the individual who had attained such distinction. On the third day the
queen-mother sent her son the patent for Lawa; and on the fourth the
Dudia surrendered the sceptre.
With the wealth thus acquired, he erected a castle in his domain of
Lawa, on which he expended nine lakhs of rupees, about £100,000. He
formed a lake; and a single _baori_ or reservoir, in the fort, cost
another lakh. He built a splendid palace, whose china and mirror-halls
are still the theme of encomium. These were greatly defaced by an
explosion of a powder-magazine, which threw down half the fortress that
had taken twenty years to complete; and though it underwent considerable
repairs, it lost much of its splendour, which the guns of Holkar aided
to diminish: but the castle of Lawa is still one of the finest in Mewar.
Sardar Singh had also a grant of one of the royal _mahalls_ or palaces
of Udaipur, erected on the margin of the lake, after the model of the
Jagmandir.[11.2.11] Although it now belongs to the chief of Amet, it is
only recognized as the Dudia-ka-mahall; but its halls are the dwelling
of the bat and the owl; the _bar_[11.2.12] has taken root in its light,
airy porticoes, and its walls have every direction but the
perpendicular. Sardar lived twenty years after the erection of Lawa; he
died in S. 1838 (A.D. 1782), leaving one son, the heir of his honours
and estates. Throughout his long life he lost no portion of the respect
paid to his early years; but with him the name of Dudia again sunk into
obscurity, or lived but as a memento of the instability of fortune. It
was this son who, when driven from Lawa by Sangram Singh Saktawat, had
no place of shelter, and died in indigence and obscurity. His son
(grandson of Sardar, and great-grandson of the ‘rocket of the moon’) is
now patronized by the heir-apparent, Prince Jawan Singh, and receives a
daily allowance, but has not a foot of land.
Sangram, the Saktawat, had a regular sanad for the fief of Lawa, which
was rated at twenty-three thousand rupees of annual rent, while Kuwaria
has reverted to the fisc. The lake of Lawa, which irrigates some
thousand acres of rice-land, alone renders it one of the most desirable
of the secondary estates of Mewar. Sangram’s children being all murdered
in the feud of Sheogarh, he was succeeded by Jai Singh (son [610] of
Sheo Singh, his second brother), who was received as _kaula_, or son of
adoption, by all the retainers of Lawa. While Sangram Singh lived, no
subdivision of allotments took place; all, to use the words of Man
Singh, “ate out of one dish”; and his own father Nahar, who had aided in
the enterprise, having by a similar _coup de main_ secured the estate of
Banwal for himself, no necessity for such partition existed. But Banwal
belonging to the fisc, to which it reverted on the restoration of order
in A.D. 1818, young Man had no alternative but to turn round on Jai
Singh, the adopted heir of Sangram, and demand his _bat_, or share of
the lands of Lawa, in virtue of the right of joint acquisition, and as a
younger brother. Jai Singh refused; but custom prevailed, and the
village of Jethpura, of fifteen hundred rupees’ annual revenue, was
bestowed upon the son of Nahar Singh. So long as Man Singh performed his
duties to his chief, his share of Lawa was irresumable and inalienable:
hence the stubborn tenacity of the chiefs of their share in the
patrimonial acres, even when holding largely, but separately, of the
crown, since of the latter, caprice or intrigue may deprive them; but
their own misconduct alone can forfeit their _bapota_. The simple deed
of conveyance will better establish this point!
“Maharao Sri Jai Singh, plighting his faith (_bachanaita_).
“At this time, Brother Man Singh, I bestow upon thee, of my own free
will, the village and lands of Jethpura. This donative shall not look to
_ranrkas_: _suput_, _kuput_:[11.2.13] your issue shall enjoy them. Of
this intention I call the four-armed divinity (Chaturbhuj)[11.2.14] as
witness. You are my own child (_chhora_): wherever and whenever I order,
you will do my service: if you fail, the fault be on your own head.”
=Case of Mān Singh.=—Whether Man Singh failed in his duty to his
superior, or otherwise, Jethpura was resumed; and having in vain
endeavoured to obtain justice through the ministers, he came to me to
solicit attention to his case. With the resumption of Kheroda, his
brother, the chief of Lawa, lost half his nominal income; and it may
therefore be conjectured he would not be slow to listen to any charge
against Man, by which he might get back his allotment. On my departure
for Marwar, in August 1820, he had written to me to say that Jai Singh
had summoned him to evacuate Jethpura. In my reply, I said it was a
matter for the Rana alone to decide. He accordingly went to court, and
failing there, followed me; but, as at my desire he had been appointed
to head the quotas on the Sadri frontier, and had performed this duty
very negligently, I [611] received him coolly; this, however, only gave
additional eagerness to his defence, as he assigned strong personal
reasons for the neglect. But the son of ‘the tiger’ (Nahar Singh) shall
speak for himself. Let the reader imagine a young man of twenty-five,
above six feet high, of an athletic figure and chivalrous demeanour, his
expression at once modest and independent, with those indispensable
appendages to a Rajput warrior’s visage, well-trimmed _favoris_ and
moustache, and armed at all points: such was the lord-marcher
(Simiswar), Man Singh. Having presented his patent for my perusal, he
continued: “Had I failed in my obligations to my brother, he would have
been justified in this step; but since you took Banwal from me, my
retainers, at his beck, equalled his own in numbers; what right
therefore had he to resume Jethpura? When Sangram Singh died, Lawa was
in my hands: who could have prevented my keeping it, had it been my
pleasure? The son of Nahar Singh would have been preferred by the
vassals of Sangram to one they had never even seen; but I respected his
rights, though even now he could not forcibly dispossess me. When the
Thakur of Amet, on his way to court, beat his drums on the bounds of
Lawa, did I not assemble my retainers and avenge the insult to my chief?
My head was Jai Singh’s—that is, with the _kunguras_ (battlements) of
Lawa; but he never could have dared to take Jethpura, had not respect
for the chief of Lawa, respect for the Rana, and for you, made me
passive. Only bid me retake it, and I am not the son of Nahar Singh if
he keeps it a day. Its little castle, erected by these hands, sheltered
my wife and children, who, now expelled from my patrimony, are compelled
to seek refuge elsewhere. The lands assigned me in lieu of Banwal are
waste. For every rupee I can hope to derive from them, I must expend
one; and on Jethpura alone could I raise any funds. Reckoning on this, I
paid my fine of two thousand five hundred rupees for my _paita_ (grant),
and from its produce I looked to maintain my family and followers until
the first should be made productive. When I lost this support, my
creditors assailed me: to satisfy them, I sold all I had of value, even
to my wife’s jewels, and the horse you saw me ride when I came to meet
you at Gangapur. I laid my case before Prithinath,[11.2.15] and here is
his reply, deciding in my favour. I represented it through Jawandas (a
natural brother of the Rana), and five hundred rupees were demanded and
agreed to by me, provided _bachan_ (security) was given me of success.
The Bikaneriji’s[11.2.16] was given; but the purse of the Thakur of
Jethpura is not so long as the chieftain of Lawa’s, and one thousand
rupees, offered by him, made his the juster cause! It is [612] this that
makes me negligent of my duty; this which incited the Pathans to carry
off my little harvest from Salera; and Bhairawi[11.2.17] is still in the
hands of the foresters. Here is my case: if I demand aught that is not
just, or that is contrary to usage, deal with me as you please. There is
Fateh Singh, who holds in separate grant from the Rana an estate of
thirty thousand rupees; but as a younger brother of Bhindar, he enjoys
five thousand from his brother: and Ajit Singh of Asind,[11.2.18] though
richer than his immediate head of Kurabar, yet, as the son of Arjun
Singh, holds his allotment (_bat_) from him: but you know all this, why
should I repeat it?” Here the Thakur concluded, without any interruption
being given to his animated harangue, the interest of which was enhanced
by his natural eloquence, and his manly but modest deportment. He is a
noble specimen, not of his tribe alone, but of the human character. His
appeal was irresistible; and would almost have carried conviction of its
justice, even to those who could not have understood his tongue. Still
it was requisite to steel myself against impulses; and I recommended, as
the best mode of enabling me to advocate his cause, that he should
repair to his post, and establish fresh claims to his sovereign’s
regard, by punishing an atrocious act which in all probability his
absence had occasioned. With the gift of a brace of pistols, and the
usual leave-taking hint of _itr-pan_, Man Singh quitted my tent.
=A Foray of the Bhīls.=—And now for the melancholy occurrence which
preceded that of the young Saktawat. On the borders of Little Sadri,
where the quotas are posted, is a mountainous tract covered with deep
forest, the abode of the half-savage Minas and Bhils. Mixed with them
are the estates of some vassal chiefs, whose duty it is to repress their
excesses; but, in such times as we have described, they more frequently
instigated them to plunder, receiving a share of the spoils. Amongst the
foremost in this association was the steward of Kalakot. At the foot of
a pass leading into the wilds of Chappan was the hamlet of Bilia,
occupied by a Rathor Rajput, who had snatched from the mountain-side a
few bighas of land, and dug some wells to irrigate the arable patches
about his cot. With severe toil he raised a subsistence for himself, his
wife, and an only son, who was to inherit his patrimony. Returning
homewards one day, after his usual labour, he was met by his wailing
helpmate; she said the savage Bhil had rifled his cot, and with the
cattle carried off their prop, their only child, and at the same time a
young Jogi, his playmate. The afflicted father spake not a word, but
loading his matchlock, took the road to Kalakot. What was his horror
when [613], at the entrance of the village, he stumbled over the
headless bodies of his boy and his young companion! He learned that the
savages belonged to the lordship of Kalakot; that having conveyed the
children from their home upon the cattle they had stolen, they were
entering the place, when the young Rathor, recognizing the steward,
called out, “Save me, uncle, and my father will ransom me at your own
price!” This was the object for which he had been abducted; but these
words proved that the steward was known to be the author of the outrage,
and they were the last the child spoke. With this intelligence, the
wretched father entered the ‘black-castle’ (Kalakot), in quest of the
steward. He denied all participation in the abduction or the murder; and
commiserating the Rathor’s misfortune, offered him four times the number
of cattle he had lost, twice the amount of all his other losses, and to
pay double the sum of _margia_, or money expended in the search. “Can
you give me back my son?” was the only reply; “I want justice and
vengeance, not money. I could have taken it in part,” continued he; “for
what is life now? but let it fall on all.”
=An Ordeal by Oath.=—No attempt at consolation could diminish the
father’s grief; but in promising him my aid to realize his vengeance, I
gave him hope to cling to; and on handing him over to Man Singh, saying
his own suit would be best promoted by the imprisonment of all concerned
in this outrage, he quitted me with some mitigation of his grief. But
before he left my camp, tidings arrived that the chief culprit was
beyond the reach of man; that the Great Avenger had summoned to his own
tribunal the iniquitous steward of Kalakot! Even in these regions of
rapine, where the blood of man and of goats is held in almost equal
estimation, there was something in the wild grief of the Rathor that
sunk into the hearts of the vassals of Kalakot: they upbraided the
steward, and urged him to confess the share he had in the deed. But he
swore “by his God” he had none, and offered to ratify the oath of
purgation in his temple. Nothing less would satisfy them, and they
proceeded to the ordeal. The temple was but a few hundred yards distant.
The steward mounted his horse, and had just reached the shrine, when he
dropped dead at the threshold! It caused a deep sensation; and to the
vengeance of an offended divinity was ascribed this signal expiation of
the triple crime of theft, murder, and sacrilege. There now only remain
the base accomplices of the wretch who thus trafficked with the liberty
of his fellow-men; and I should rejoice to see them suspended on the
summit of the Bilia pass, as a satisfaction to the now childless Rathor,
and a warning to others who yet follow such a course [614].
-----
Footnote 11.2.1:
[Part of the water-shed of Central India, dividing the drainage into
the Bay of Bengal from that of the Gulf of Cambay.]
Footnote 11.2.2:
See Vol. I. p. 512.
Footnote 11.2.3:
Lalji’s issue:
Sangram. ───── Sheo Singh. ───── Surthan Singh
│ │ │
His children massacred Jai Singh. Nahar Singh.
at Sheogarh. │
Man Singh.
Footnote 11.2.4:
In my days of inexperience, when travelling through countries unknown,
and desirous to take the first peasant I found as a guide, I have been
amused by his announcing to me, before a question was put, “I am a
Rajput,” as if in anticipation of the demand and a passport to
respect; literally, “I am of royal descent”: a reflection which lends
an air of dignity to all his actions, and distinguishes him from every
other class.
Footnote 11.2.5:
[‘Light of the Moon’: a rocket is _bān._]
Footnote 11.2.6:
‘The nymphs’ parterre’; for the _bari_ is more a flower-garden than
one of indiscriminate culture.
Footnote 11.2.7:
Chela is a phrase which includes servitude or domestic slavery: but
implies, at the same time, treatment as a child of the family. Here it
denotes that of a servant or disciple.
Footnote 11.2.8:
[The true form of the clan name is Bagrāwat (_Census Report,
Rājputāna, 1911_, i. 256) which can have no connexion with _bāgh_, ‘a
tiger.’ It is probably derived from the Bāgar waste in Hissār
District.]
Footnote 11.2.9:
That sculptured from the stone is meant.
Footnote 11.2.10:
[For temporary kings see Frazer, _Golden Bough_, 3rd ed. Part ix. 151,
403 f.]
Footnote 11.2.11:
[One of the island palaces, built by Rāna Jagat Singh (A.D. 1628-52).]
Footnote 11.2.12:
[The banyan, _ficus indica_.]
Footnote 11.2.13:
_Ranrka_ is a phrase embracing mental or physical infirmity [meaning
‘a blockhead,’ ‘a ninny,’ from _rānd_, _rānr_, ‘a widow,’ a term of
contempt]; here strengthened by the words which follow. _Suput_ means
‘worthy,’ or ‘good issue’ (_putra_), as _kuput_, the reverse, ‘bad or
incompetent issue.’
Footnote 11.2.14:
[Vishnu.]
Footnote 11.2.15:
[‘Lord of the World,’ a title of the Rāna of Mewār.]
Footnote 11.2.16:
One of the queens, a princess of Bikaner.
Footnote 11.2.17:
The two villages he obtained in lieu of Banwal.
Footnote 11.2.18:
[About 90 miles N.E. of Udaipur city.]
-----