which leaves of spruces, etc., stand; sterigmata.
=Leaf-scar.= The scar left on the twig where the petiole was attached.
=Lenticel.= Externally appearing upon the bark as spots, warts, and
perpendicular or transverse lines.
=Linear.= Long and narrow with sides nearly parallel.
=Monopetalous.= Having petals more or less united.
=Mucronate.= Abruptly tipped with a small, sharp point.
=Nerved.= Having prominent unbranched ribs or veins.
=Obcordate.= Inversely heart-shaped.
=Obovate.= Ovate with the broader end towards the apex.
=Obtuse.= Blunt or rounded at the end.
=Orbicular.= Having a circular or nearly circular outline.
=Ovary.= The part of the pistil containing the ovules.
=Ovoid.= A solid with an oval or ovate outline.
=Ovuliferous.= Bearing ovules.
=Panicle.= General term for any loose and irregular flower-cluster,
commonly of the racemose type, with pedicellate flowers.
=Pedicel.= The stalk of a single flower in the ultimate divisions of an
inflorescence.
=Peduncle.= The stem of a solitary flower or of a cluster.
=Perfect.= Having both pistils and stamens.
=Perianth.= The floral envelope consisting of calyx, corolla, or both.
=Persistent.= Not falling for a long time.
=Petal.= A division of the corolla.
=Petiole.= The stalk of a leaf.
=Petiolule.= The stalk of a leaflet in a compound leaf.
=Pistil.= The seed-bearing organ of the flower.
=Pistillate.= Provided with pistils; usually applied to flowers without
stamens.
=Pollen.= The fertilizing grains contained in the anthers.
=Puberulent.= Minutely pubescent.
=Pubescent.= Covered with short soft or downy hairs.
=Raceme.= A simple cluster of pediceled flowers upon a common axis.
=Rachis.= The main axis of a compound leaf, of a raceme or of a spike.
=Ramification.= Branching.
=Range.= The geographical extent and limits of a species.
=Reflexed.= Turned backward.
=Reticulated.= Netted; in the form of a network.
=Revolute.= Rolled backward from the margin or apex.
=Samara.= Key fruit; winged fruit, like that of the ash or maple.
=Scarf-bark.= The thin, outermost layer which often peels off.
=Segment.= One of the divisions into which a plane organ, such as a
leaf, may be divided.
=Sepal.= A calyx leaf.
=Serrate.= With teeth inclining forward.
=Serrulate.= With small teeth inclining forward.
=Sessile.= Not stalked, as when the leaf blade or flower rests directly
upon the twig.
=Simple leaf.= Not compound, having one blade not jointed with its stem.
=Sinuate.= Strongly wavy-margined.
=Sinus.= Interval between two lobes or divisions of a leaf; sometimes
sharp-angular, sometimes rounded.
=Spatulate.= Gradually narrowed downward from a rounded summit.
=Spike.= A cluster of sessile or nearly sessile lateral flowers on an
elongated axis.
=Spray.= The smaller branches and ultimate branchlets of a tree taken as
a whole.
=Stamens.= The pollen-bearing organs of a flower, each stamen consisting
of a filament (stem) and anther which contains the pollen.
=Staminate.= Having stamens.
=Sterile.= Variously applied: to flowers with stamens only; to stamens
without anthers; to anthers without pollen; to ovaries not producing
seed, etc.
=Stigma.= Part of pistil which receives the pollen.
=Stipels.= Appendages to a leaflet, analogous to the stipules of a leaf.
=Stipules.= Appendages of a leaf, usually at the point of insertion.
=Striate.= Streaked, or very finely ridged lengthwise.
=Style.= Part of pistil uniting ovary with stigma; often wanting.
=Sucker.= A shoot of subterranean origin.
=Suture.= The line of union between parts which have grown together;
most often used with reference to the line along which an ovary opens.
=Terete.= Cylindrical.
=Ternate.= In threes.
=Tomentose.= Densely pubescent or woolly.
=Truncate.= As if cut off at the end.
=Umbel.= An inflorescence in which the flower stems spring from the same
point like the rays of an umbrella.
=Verticillate.= Arranged in a circle round an axis; whorled.
=Villose= or =villous.= With long, soft hairs.
=Whorl.= Arranged in a circle about an axis.
INDEX.
A
Abele. (Populus alba, L.) 39, 40
Abies balsamea, Mill. _Fir balsam_ 20-22
=Abietacæ.= (=Pinoideæ=) 1-22
Larix 1-4
Pinus 4-12
Picea 12-18
Tsuga 19, 20
Abies 20-22
Acacia, (Robinia Pseudacacia, L.) 131, 132
(Robinia viscosa, Vent.) 132
Three-thorned. (Gleditsia triacanthos, L.) 129, 130
=Aceraceæ.= (Maple family). 140-153
Acer barbatum, Michx. _Rock, Sugar, Hard maple, Sugar tree_ 144-146
barbatum, var. nigrum, Sarg. _Black maple_ 146, 147
dasycarpum, Ehrh. _Silver, Soft, White, River maple_ 142-144
Negundo, L. _Box elder, Ash-leaved maple_ 151-153
nigrum, Michx. _Black maple_ 146,147
Pennsylvanicum, L. _Striped maple, Moosewood, Whistlewood_ 149-151
platanoides _Norway maple_ 146
rubrum, L. _Red, Swamp, Soft, White maple_ 140-142
saccharinum, L. _Silver, Soft, White, River maple_ 142-144
saccharinum, Wang. _Rocky Sugar, Hard maple, Sugar tree_ 144-146
saccharinum, var. nigrum, T. and G. _Black maple_ 146, 147
Saccharum, Marsh. _Rock, Sugar, Hard maple, Sugar tree_ 144-146
Saccharum, Marsh., var. barbatum, Trelease 172
Saccharum, Marsh., var. nigrum, Britton. _Black maple_ 146, 147, 172
spicatum, Lam. _Mountain maple_ 148, 149
Negundo aceroides, Moench. _Box elder, Ash-leaved maple_ 151-153
Negundo, Karst, _Box elder, Ash-leaved maple_ 151-153
Ailanthus family. (=Simarubaceæ=) 133
Ailanthus, Tree of Heaven, Chinese sumac (Ailanthus glanulosus,
Desf.) 133
Alder, European. (Alnus glutinosa, Medic.) 70
Alnus glutinosa, Medic, _European alder_ 70
Amelanchier Canadensis, Medic. _Shadbush, June-berry_, 116, 117
American elm (Ulmus Americana, L.) 95-97
holly. (Hex opaca, Alt.) 138-146
=Anacardiaceæ.= (Sumac family) 134-137
Rhus copallina. _Dwarf sumac_, 137
glabra. _Smooth sumac_, 137
hirta, Sudw. _Staghorn sumac_, 134, 135
toxicodendron. _Poison ivy_, 137
typhina, L. _Staghorn sumac_, 134, 135
venenata, DC. _Dogwood, Poison sumac. Poison elder_, 136, 137
vernix, L. _Dogwood, Poison sumac. Poison elder_, 136, 137
Apple family. (=Pomaceæ=) 112-121
Apple tree. (Pyrus malus, L.) 1
=Aquifoliaceæ.= (Holly family) 138-140
Ilex opaca, Ait. _American holly_ 138, 140
Ash, Black, Swamp, Basket, Hoop, Brown ash. (Fraxinus nigra,
Marsh.) 167-168
European mountain ash. (Pyrus aucuparia) 113, 115
Green ash. (Fraxinus Pennsylvanica, var. lanceolata,
Sarg.) 166, 172
Mountain ash. (Pyrus Americana, DC.) 112, 113
Mountain ash. (Pyrus sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht.) 113-115
Red, Brown, River ash. (Fraxinus pubescens. Lam.) 164,165
White ash. (Fraxinus Americana, L.) 162-164
Ash-leaved maple. (Acer negundo, L.) 151-153
Aspen, Large-toothed. (Populusgrandidentata, Michx.) 31, 32
(Populus tremuloides, Michx.) 29, 30
B
Balm of Gilead. (Populus balsamifera, L.) 36, 37
(Populus candicans, Alt.). 37-39, 171
Balsam. (Abies balsamea, Mill.) 20-22
(Populus balsamifera, L.) 36, 37
Basket ash. (Fraxinus nigra, Marsh.) 167, 168
Basswood. (Tilia Americana, L.) 153-155
Bear oak. (Quercus ilicifolia, Wang.) 93, 94
Beech family. (=Fagaceæ=) 70-94
Beech (Fagus ferruginea, Alt.) 70-72
Blue beech, Water beech. (Carpinus Caroliniana. Walt.) 59, 60
Betula lenta, L. _Black, Cherry, Sweet birch_ 61, 62
lutea, Michx. L. _Yellow, Gray birch_ 63, 64
nigra, L. _Red, River birch_ 55,66
papyrifera. Marsh. _White, Canoe. Paper birch,_ 68-70
Betula papyrifera, var. minor, Tuckerman. _Dwarf birch_ 68
populifolia, Marsh. _Gray, Poplar, Oldfield, Poverty, Small
white birch_ 66-68
=Betulaceæ.= (Birch family) 57-70
Alnus glutinosa, Medic. _European alder_ 70
Betula lenta, L. _Black, Cherry, Sweet birch_ 61, 62
lutea, Michx. f. _Yellow, Gray birch_ 63, 64
nigra, L. _Red, River birch_ 65, 66
papyrifera, Marsh. _White, Canoe, Paper birch_ 68-70
var. minor, Tuckerman. _Dwarf birch_ 68
populifolia, Marsh. _Gray, Poplar, Oldfield, Poverty, Small
white birch_ 66-68
Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt. _Hornbeam, Blue beech, Ironwood,
Water beech_ 59, 60
Ostrya Virginica, Willd. _Hop hornbeam, Ironwood, Leverwood_ 57, 58
Birch family. (=Betulaceæ=) 57-70
Birch. Black, Cherry, Sweet birch. (Betula lenta, L.) 61, 62
Canoe, White, Paper birch. (Betula papyrifera, Marsh.) 68-70
Red, River birch (Betula nigra, L.) 65, 66
White, Gray, Oldfield, Poplar, Poverty, Small white birch
(Betula populifolia, Marsh.) 66-68
Yellow, Gray birch. (Betula lutea, Michx. f.) 63, 64
Bird cherry (Prunus Pennsylvanica, L. f.) 124, 125
Bitternut (Carya amara, Nutt.) 55-57
Black ash (Fraxinus nigra, Marsh.) 167, 168
birch (Betula lenta, L.) 61, 62
cherry (Prunus serotina, Ehrh.) 127, 128
maple (Acer Saccharum, Marsh., _var_. nigrum, Britton) 146, 147, 172
oak (Quercus velutina, Lam.) 89-91
spruce (Picea nigra, Link) 12-14
walnut (Juglans nigra, L.) 48, 49
willow (Salix nigra, Marsh.) 42, 43
Blue beech (Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt.) 59, 60
Box elder (Acer negundo, L.) 151-153
white oak (Quercus stellata, Wang.) 77, 78
Boxwood (Cornus florida, L.) 156, 157
Braintree, Mass. Fine specimen of _Ilex opaca_ on farm of
Col. Minot Thayer 139
Brittle willow (Salix fragilis, L.) 43-45
Brown ash (Fraxinus nigra, Marsh.) 167, 168
(Fraxinus Pennsylvanica, Marsh.) 164, 165
Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa, Michx.) 79, 80
Butternut (Juglans cinerea, L.) 46, 47
Buttonball (Platanus occidentalis, L.) 110, 111
Buttonwood (Platanus occidentalis, L.) 110, 111
C
Canada plum (Primus nigra. Ait.), 122, 123
Canoe birch (Betula papyrifera, Marsh.), 68-70
=Caprifoliaceæ.= (Honeysuckle family) 168, 169
Viburnum Lentas L. _Sheep berry sweet viburnum. Nanny plum_ 168, 169
Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt. _Hornbeam. Blue beech. Ironwood.
Water beech_ 59,60
Carya alba, Nutt. _Shagbark, Shellbark hickory, Walnut_ 49-51
amara, Nutt. _Bitter nut. Swamp hickory_ 55-57
porcina, Nutt. _Pignut. White hickory_ 53-55
tomentosa, Nutt. _Mockernut. White-heart hickory. Walnut_ 51-53
Castanea dentata. Borkh. _Chestnut_ 72-74
sativa, _var._ Americana, Watson & Coulter. _Chestnut_ 72-74
vesca, _var._ Americana, Michx. _Chestnut_ 72-74
Cat spruce. (Picea alba, Link) 16-18
Cedar, Arbor vitæ. White cedar. (Thuja occidentals, L.) 23,24
Red cedar. Savin. (Juniperus Virginiana. L.) 26-28
White cedar. (Chamæcyparis sphæroidea, Spach) 25,26
Celtis occidentalis. L. _Hackberry, Nettle tree, Hoop ash,
Sugar berry_ 100-102
Chamæcyparis sphæroidea. Spach. White cedar 25,26
Cherry. (Primus Avium, L.) 128
Chokecherry. (Prunus Virginiana, L.) 125,126
Rum, Black cherry. (Prunus serotina, Ehrh.) 127,128
Wild red, Pin, Pigeon, Bird cherry Prunus Pennsylvania, L. f. 124,125
Cherry birch. (Betula lenta, L.) 61,62
Chestnut. (Castanea sativa, _var_. Americana, Watson & Coulter) 72-74
Chestnut oak. (Quercus Muhlenbergii, Engelm.) 84,85
(Quercus prinus, L.) 82-84
Chinese sumac. (Ailanthus glandulosus, Desf.) 133
Chokecherry. (Prunus Virginiana, L.) 125,126
Clammy locust. (Robinia viscosa, Vent.) 132
Cockspur thorn (Cratægus Crus-Galli, L.) 117, 118, 171
Conifer family, (=Pinoideæ=) 1-28
Cork elm. (Ulmus racemosa, Thomas) 99,100
=Cornaceæ.= (Dogwood family) 150-160
Cornus alternifolia, L, f. _Dogwood, Green osier_ 157, 158
florida, L _Flowering dogwood, Boxwood_ 156, 157
Nyssa sylvatica. Marsh. _Tupelo, Sour gum, Pepperidge_ 159, 160
Cottonwood (Populus deltoides, Marsh.) 34, 35
(Populus heterophylla. L.) 33, 34
Crack willow. (Salix fragilis, L.) 43-45
Cratægus Arnoldiana, Sarg. _Thorn_ 121
coccinea, L. _Thorn_ 118, 119
coccinea, _var._ mollis, T. & G. _Thorn_, 120, 121
Crus-Galli, L. _Cockspur thorn_ 117, 118, 171
mollis, Scheele _Thorn_ 120, 121
punctata, Jacq. _Cockspur thorn_ 118
submollis, Sarg. _Thorn_ 121
subvillosa, Schr. _Thorn_ 120, 121
=Cupressaceæ.= (Pinoideæ) 23-28
Cupressus 25, 26
Juniperus 26-28
Thuja 23, 24
Cupressus thyoides, L. _White cedar_ 25, 26
D
Diospyros Virginiana, L. _Persimmon_ 160-162
Dogwood family. (=Cornaceæ=) 156-160
Dogwood (Rhus vernix, L.) 136, 137
Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida, L.) 156, 157
Green osier (Cornus alternifolia, L. f.) 157, 158
Double spruce (Picea nigra, Link) 12-14
=Drupaceæ.= (Plum family) 122-128
Prunus Americana, Marsh. _Wild plum_ 123, 124, 171
Americana, _var._ nigra, Waugh. _Wild, Red, Horse,
Canada plum_ 122, 123
Avium, L. _Mazard cherry_ 128
nigra, Ait. _Wild, Red, Horse, Canada plum_ 122, 123, 171
Pennsylvanica, L. f. _Wild red, Pin, Pigeon, Bird cherry_ 124, 125
serotina, Ehrh. _Rum, Black cherry_ 127, 128
Virginiana, L. _Chokecherry_ 125, 126
Dwarf birch. (Betula papyrifera, _var._ minor, Tuckerman) 68
black spruce. (Picea nigra, var. semiprostrata) 12
sumac. (Rhus copallina) 137
E
=Ebenaceæ.= (Ebony family) 160-162
Diospyros Virginiana, L. Persimmon 160-162
Ebony family. (=Ebenaceæ=) 160-162
Elder, Poison elder. (Rhus vernix, L.) 136, 137
Elm family. (=Ulmaceæ=) 95-102
Elm, American elm (Ulmus Americana, L.) 95-97
Cork, Rock elm (Ulmus racemosa. Thomas) 99, 100
Slippery, Red elm (Ulmus fulva, Michx.) 97, 98
European alder (Alnus glutinosa. Medic.) 70
mountain ash (Pyrus aucuparia) 113-115
F
=Fagaceæ.= (Beech family) 70-94
Castanea dentata, Borkh. _Chestnut_ 72-74
sativa, _var._ Americana, Watson & Coulter _Chestnut_ 72-74
vesca, _var._ Americana, Michx. _Chestnut_ 72-74
Fagus Americana, Sweet _Beech_ 70-72
atropunicea, Sudw. _Beech_ 70-72
ferruginea, Ait. _Beech_ 70-72
Quercus acuminata, Sarg. _Chestnut oak_ 84, 85
alba, L. _White oak_ 75-77
bicolor, Willd. _Swamp white oak_ 80-82
coccinea, Wang. _Scarlet oak_ 88, 89
coccinea, _var._ tinctoria, Gray. _Black, Yellow oak_ 89-91
ilicifolia, Wang. _Scrub, Bear oak_ 93, 94
macrocarpa, Michx. _Bur, Over-cup, Mossy-cup oak_ 79, 80
minor, Sarg. _Post, Box white oak_ 77-78
Muhlenbergii, Engelm. _Chestnut oak_ 84, 85
nana, Sarg. _Scrub oak, Bear oak_ 93, 94
obtusiloba, Michx. _Post, Box white oak_ 77, 78
palustris, Du Roi _Pin, Swamp, Water oak_ 91-93
platanoides, Sudw. _Swamp white oak_ 80-82
prinoides, Willd. _Scrub white oak. Scrub chestnut oak_ 85
prinus, L. _Chestnut, Rock chestnut oak_ 82-84
pumila, Sudw. _Scrub, Bear oak_ 93, 94
rubra, L. _Red oak_ 86, 87
stellata, Wang. _Post, Box white oak_ 77, 78
tinctoria, Bartram _Black, Yellow oak_ 89-91
velutina, Lam. _Black, Yellow oak_ 89-91
Fir (Abies balsamea, Mill.) 20-22
Fir balsam (Abies balsamea, Mill.) 20-22
Fraxinus Americana, L. _White ash_ 162-164
lanceolata. Borkh. _Green ash_ 166, 172
nigra. Marsh. _Black, Swamp, Basket, Hoop, Brown ash_ 167, 168
Pennsylvanica, Marsh. _Red, Brown, River ash_ 164, 165
Fraxinus Pennsylvania, _var._ lanceolata, Sarg. _Green ash_ 166, 172
pubescens, Lam. _Red, Brown, River ash_ 164,165
sambucifolia, Lam. _Black, Swamp, Basket, Hoop, Brown ash_ 167, 168
viridis, Michx. f. _Green ash_ 166, 172
G
Glaucous willow. (Salix discolor, Muhl.) 40, 41
Gleditsia triacanthos, L. _Honey locust_ 129, 130
Gray birch. (Betula lutea, Michx. f.) 63,64
(Betula populifolia, Marsh.) 66-68
pine. (Pinus Banksiana, Lam.) 8, 9
Green ash. (Fraxinus Pennsylvanica, _var._ lanceolata, Sarg.) 166, 172
osier. (Cornus alternifolia, L. f.) 157, 158
Groome estate, Dorchester, Mass., Willow. (_Salix fragilis_, 1890) 44
Gum, (Liquidambar Styraciflua, L.) 108, 109
Sour gum. (Nyssa sylvatica, Marsh.) 159, 160
H
Hackberry. (Celtis occidentalis, L.) 100-102
Hacmatack. (Larix Americana, Michx.) 2-4
=Hamamelidaceæ.= (Witch Hazel family) 108, 109
Liquidambar styraciflua, L. _Sweet gum_ 108, 109
Hard maple. (Acer Saccharum, Marsh.) 144-146
pine. (Pinus rigida, Mill.) 6, 7
Hemlock. (Tsuga Canadensis, Carr.) 19, 20
Hickory. Bitternut, Swamp hickory. (Carya amara, Nutt.) 55-57
Mockernut, White-heart hickory. (Carya tomentosa, Nutt.) 51-53
Pignut, White hickory. (Carya porcina, Nutt.) 53-55
Shagbark, Shellbark hickory. (Carya alba, Nutt.) 49-51
Hicoria alba, Britton. _Mockernut, White-heart hickory, Walnut_ 51-53
glabra, Britton. _Pignut, White hickory_ 53-55
minima, Britton. _Butternut, Swamp hickory_ 55-57
ovata, Britton. _Shagbark, Shellbark hickory, Walnut_ 49-51
Holly family. (=Aquifoliaceæ=) 138-140
Holly, American holly. (Ilex opaca, Ait.) 138-140
Honey locust. (Gleditsia triacanthos, L.) 129,130
Honeysuckle family. (=Caprifoliaceæ=) 168,169
Hoop ash. (Celtis occidentals, L.) 100-102
(Fraxinus nigra, Marsh.) 167, 168
Hop hornbeam. (Ostrya Virginica, Willd.) 57,58
Hornbeam. (Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt.) 59, 60
Horse plum. (Prunus nigra, Ait.) 122,123
I
Ilex opaca, Ait. _American holly_ 138-140
Ironwood. (Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt.) 59, 60
(Ostrya Virginica, Willd.) 57, 58
Ivy, Poison ivy. (Rhus toxicodendron) 137
J
Jack pine. (Pinus Banksiana, Lamb) 8, 9
=Juglandaceæ.= (Walnut family) 47-57
Carya alba, Nutt. _Shagbark, Shellbark hickory, Walnut_ 49-51
amara, Nutt. _Bitternut, Swamp hickory_ 55-57
porcina, Nutt. _Pignut, White hickory_ 53-55
tomentosa, Nutt. _Mockernut, White-heart hickory. Walnut_ 51-53
Hicoria alba, Britton _Mockernut, White-heart hickory. Walnut_ 51-53
glabra, Britton. _Pignut, White hickory_ 53-55
minima, Britton. _Bitternut, Swamp hickory_ 55-57
ovata, Britton. _Shagbark, Shellbark hickory, Walnut_, 49-51
Juglans cinerea, L. _Butternut, Oilnut, Lemon walnut_, 46, 47
nigra, L. _Black walnut_ 48, 49
June-berry. (Amelanchier Canadensis, Medic.) 116, 117
Juniper. (Larix Americana, Michx.) 2-4
Juniperus Virginiana, L. _Red cedar, Savin_ 26-28
L
Labrador spruce. (Picea alba, Link) 16-18
Laconia, N.H., Pussy willow, 35 ft. high. (Salix discolor, Muhl.) 41
Larch. (Larix Americana, Michx.) 2-4
Large-toothed aspen . . (Populus grandidenta, Michx.) 31,32
Larix Americana, Michx. _Tamarack, Hacmatack, Larch, Juniper_ 2-4
laricina, Koch. _Tamarack, Hacmatack, Larch, Juniper_ 2-4
=Lauraceæ.= (Laurel family) 106-108
Sassafras officinale. Nees. _Sassafras_ 106-108
Sassafras, Karst. _Sassafras_ 106-108
Laurel family. (=Lauraceæ=) 106-108
=Leguminosæ.= (Pulse family) 129-132
Gleditsia triacanthos, L. _Honey locust, Three-thorned acacia_ 129, 130
Robinia pseudacacia. L. _Locust_ 131, 132
viscosa, Vent. _Clammy locust_ 132
Lemon walnut (Juglans cinerea, L.) 46, 47
Leverwood (Ostrya Virginica, Willd.) 57, 58
Lime. (Tilia Americana, L.) 153-155
Linden family. (=Tiliaceæ=) 153-155
Linden. (Tilia Americana, L.) 153-155
Liquidambar Styraciflua, L. _Sweet gum_ 108, 109
Liriodendron Tulipifera, L. _Tulip tree, Whitewood, Poplar_ 104-106
Locust. (Robinia pseudacacia, L.) 131, 132
Clammy locust (Robinia viscosa, Vent.) 132
Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos, L.) 129,130
M
Magnolia family. (=Magnoliaceæ=) 104-106
=Magnoliaceæ.= (Magnolia family) 104-106
Liriodendron Tulipifera, L. _Tulip tree, Whitewood, Poplar_ 104-106
Malus Malus, Britton. Apple tree 115
Maple family. (=Aceraceæ=) 140-153
Maple, Black maple (Acer Saccharum, Marsh., _var._ nigrum,
Britton) 127, 146, 172
Box elder, Ash-leaved maple. (Acer negundo, L.) 151-153
Mountain maple (Acer spicatum, Lam.) 148, 149
Norway maple (_cultivated_) (Acer platanoides) 146
Red, Swamp, Soft, White maple. (Acer rubrum, L.) 140-142
Rock, Sugar, Hard maple, Sugar tree. (Acer Saccharum,
Marsh.) 144-146, 172
Silver, Soft, White maple, River (Acer saccharinum, L.) 142-144
Striped maple, Moosewood, Whistlewood. (Acer Pennsylvanicum,
L.) 149-151
Mazard cherry. (Prunus Avium, L.) 128
Mockernut. (Carya tomentosa, Nutt.) 51-53
Moosewood. (Acer Pennsylvanicum, L.) 149-151
=Moraceæ.= (Mulberry family) 102-104
Morus alba, L. _White mulberry_ 104
rubra, L. _Red mulberry_ 102, 103
Mossy-cup oak (Quercus macrocarpa, Michx.) 79, 80
Mountain ash (Pyrus Americana, DC.) 112, 113
(Pyrus sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht.) 113-115
Mountain ash, European. (Pyrus aucuparia) 113, 115
maple (Acer spicatum, Lam.) 148, 149
Mulberry family. (=Moraceæ=) 102-104
Mulberry, Red mulberry. (Morus rubra. L.) 102, 103
White mulberry. (Morus alba, L.) 104
N
Nanny plum (Viburnum Lentago, L.) 168, 169
Negundo aceroides, Moench. _Box elder, Ash-leaved maple_ 151-153
Negundo, Karst. 151-153
Nettle tree (Celtis occidentalis, L.) 100-102
Norway maple. (Acer platanoides) 146
pine (Pinus resinosa, Ait.) 10, 11
Nyssa sylvatica, Marsh. _Tupelo, Sour gum, Pepperidge_ 159, 160
O
Oak, Black, Yellow oak (Quercus velutina, Lam.) 89-91
Bur, Over-cup, Mossy-cup oak (Quercus macrocarpa, Michx.) 79, 80
Chestnut oak (Quercus Muhlenbergii) 84, 85
Chestnut, Rock chestnut oak (Quercus prinus, L.) 82-84
Pin, Swamp, Water oak (Quercus palustris, Du Roi) 91-08
Post, Box white oak (Quercus stellata, Wang.) 77, 78
Red oak (Quercus rubra, L.) 86, 87
Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea, Wang.) 88, 89
Scrub, Bear oak (Quercus ilicifolia, Wang.) 93, 94
Scrub chestnut, Scrub white oak (Quercus prinoides. Willd.) 85
Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor, Willd.), 80-82
White oak (Quercus alba, L.) 75-77
Oilnut (Juglans cinerea, L.) 46, 47
Oldfield birch (Betula populifolia, Marsh.) 66-68
=Oleaceæ.= (Olive family) 162-168
Fraxinus Americana, L. _White ash_ 162-164
lanceolata, Borkh. _Green ash_ 166, 172
nigra, Marsh. _Black, Swamp, Basket, Hoop, Brown ash_ 167, 168
Pennsylvania, Marsh. _Red, Brown, River ash_ 164, 165
Pennsylvania, _var._ lanceolata, Sarg. _Green ash_ 166, 172
pubescens, Lam. _Red, Brown, River ash_ 164, 165
sambucifolia, Lam. _Black, Swamp, Basket, Hoop, Brown ash_ 167, 168
viridis, Michx. f. _Green ash_ 166
Olive family. (=Oleaceæ=) 162-168
Osier (Cornus alternifolia, L. f.) 157, 158
Ostrya Virginica, Willd. _Hop hornbeam, Ironwood, Leverwood_ 57, 58
Over-cup oak. (Quercus macrocarpa, Michx.) 79, 80
P
Paper birch (Betula papyrifera, Marsh.) 68-70
Pear tree (Pyrus communis, L.) 115
Pepperidge (Nyssa sylvatica, Marsh.) 159, 160
Persimmon (Diospyros Virginiana, L.) 160-162
Picea alba, Link _White spruce_ 16-18
Canadensis, B. S. P. _White spruce_ 16-18
nigra, Link. _Black spruce_ 12-14
nigra, _var._ semiprostrata _Dwarf black spruce_ 12
rubra, Link _Red spruce_ 15, 16
Pigeon cherry (Primus Pennsylvanica, L. f.) 124, 125
Pignut (Carya porcina, Nutt.) 53-55
Pin cherry (Prunus Pennsylvanica, L. f.) 124, 125
oak (Quercus palustris, Du Roi) 91-93
Pine family: Conifers. (=Pinoideæ=) 1-28
Pine. Jack, Gray, Scrub, Spruce pine (Pinus Banksiana, Lamb) 8, 9
Pitch, Hard pine (Pinus rigida, Mill.) 6, 7
Red, Norway pine (Pinus resinosa, Ait.) 10, 11
Scotch pine (_dit_ incorrectly Scotch fir) (Pinus sylvestris,
L.) 11, 12
White pine (Pinus Strobus, L.) 4-6
=Pinoideæ.= (Pine family: Conifers) 1-28
=Abietaceæ.= 1-22
Abies balsamea, Mill. _Fir balsam, Balsam, Fir_ 20-22
Larix Americana, Michx. _Tamarack, Hacmatack, Larch, Juniper_ 2-4
laricina, Koch. _Tamarack, Hacmatack, Larch, Juniper_ 2-4
Picea alba, Link _White, Cat, Skunk, Labrador spruce_ 16-18
Canadensis, B.S.P. _White, Cat, Skunk, Labrador spruce_ 16-18
nigra, Link. _Black, Double, Swamp, Water spruce_ 12-14
rubra, Link. _Red spruce_ 15, 16
semiprostrata _Dwarf black spruce_ 12
Pinus Banksiana, Lamb. _Jack, Gray, Scrub, Spruce pine_ 8, 9
resinosa, Ait. _Red, Norway pine_ 10, 11
rigida, Mill. _Pitch, Hard pine_ 6, 7
Strobus, L. _White pine_ 4-6
sylvestris, L. _Scotch pine_ 11, 12
Tsuga Canadensis, Carr. _Hemlock_ 19, 20
=Cupressaceæ.= 2, 23-28
Chamæcyparis sphæroidea, Spach. _White cedar, Cedar_ 25, 26
thyoides, L. _White cedar, Cedar_ 25, 26
Juniperus Virginiana, L. _Red cedar, Savin_ 26-28
Thuja occidentalis, L. _Arbor-vitæ, White cedar_ 23, 24
Pitch pine. (Pinus rigida. Mill.) 6, 7
Plane tree family. (=Platanaceæ=) 110, 111
=Platanaceæ.= (Plane tree family) 110, 111
Platanus occidentalis, L. _Buttonwood, Sycamore. Buttonball,
Plane tree_ 110, 111
Plum family. (=Drupaceæ=) 122-128