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Transcriber’s Note
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
Text in small capitals is shown in UPPER CASE.
Several unusual characters are used in this book, notably
scribal abbreviations (e.g. Ꝑ, Ꝭ, ꝉ) in Appendix II. If
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SAMUEL PEPYS AND THE WORLD HE LIVED IN.
[Illustration: Nell Gywn]
SAMUEL PEPYS AND THE WORLD HE LIVED IN.
by
HENRY B. WHEATLEY, F.S.A.
“His Diary is like a good sirloin, which requires only to be basted
with its own drippings.”--_Athenæum_, 1848, page 551.
Second Edition.
[Illustration: Decoration]
London:
Bickers and Son, 1, Leicester Square.
1880.
Chiswick Press: Charles Whittingham and Co. Tooks Court, Chancery
Lane.
[Illustration: Decoration]
PREFACE.
This little book does not need any long Preface, as the title
sufficiently explains the object aimed at. Although the various
subjects referred to in the “Diary” are annotated in the different
editions, there is in none of these any complete analysis of the entire
work or of the incidents of Pepys’s life.
I have endeavoured in the following pages to draw together some of the
most interesting incidents of the “Diary” relating both to Pepys’s
life and to the manners of his time, and also to illustrate them from
other sources. I have used the best edition of the “Diary,” by the
Rev. Mynors Bright; but in order that this book may form a companion
to all editions I have referred to the date of the entries rather
than to the volume and page. It must therefore be understood that the
passages referred to when not met with in the other editions will be
found among the hitherto unpublished matter of that of Mr. Bright. It
has been my endeavour to illustrate the contents of this entertaining
work more completely than has previously been attempted, and several of
the circumstances of Pepys’s life are here brought prominently forward
for the first time. I may add that the whole of the present volume
was printed off before the appearance of the excellent article in the
July number of the “Edinburgh Review” (1880), as otherwise it might
be supposed that certain points had been suggested by that article. I
have, however, availed myself of its pages to make a correction of a
small matter in the Index.
Mr. T. C. Noble has kindly sent me, since the completion of this book,
a copy of Pepys’s original marriage certificate from the Registers of
St. Margaret’s Church, Westminster, and I therefore insert it here to
complete the account in Chapter I. “Samuell Peps of this parish Gent &
Elizabeth De Sⁿᵗ Michell of Martins in the ffeilds Spinster. Published
October 19ᵗʰ, 22ⁿᵈ, 29ᵗʰ [1655] and were married by Richard Sherwyn
Esqʳ one of the Justices of the Peace of the Cittie and Lyberties of
Westmʳ December 1ˢᵗ. (Signed) Ri. Sherwyn.”
The pronunciation of Pepys’s name has long been a disputed point, but
although the most usual form at the present day is _Peps_, there can
be little doubt that in his own time the name was pronounced as if
written _Peeps_. The reasons for this opinion are: (1) that the name
was sometimes so spelt phonetically by some of his contemporaries, as
in the Coffee-house paper quoted in the “Diary” (ed. Mynors Bright,
vol. vi. p. 292): “On Tuesday last Mr. Peeps went to Windsor,” &c.; (2)
that this pronunciation is still the received one at Magdalene College,
Cambridge; and (3) that the present bearers of the name so pronounce it.
In conclusion, it is my pleasing duty to express here my best thanks to
those friends who have kindly assisted me in my work. Chief among these
are Professor Newton, F.R.S., who, as Fellow of Magdalene College,
facilitated my inquiries respecting the Pepysian Library, Mr. Pattrick,
Senior Fellow and President of the College, Mr. Pepys Cockerell, Mr.
George Scharf, F.S.A., Mr. Richard B. Prosser, of the Patent Office,
who communicated the documents relating to Mrs. Pepys’s father, and
Colonel Pasley, whose List of the Secretaries of the Admiralty, &c., in
the Appendix will be found of great value, not merely in illustrating
Pepys’s life, but as a real addition to our information respecting the
history of the Navy.
H. B. W.
5, Minford Gardens, W.,
September, 1880.
P.S. Since the first publication of this book I have received an
interesting letter from Mr. Walter Courtenay Pepys, a member of the
Cottenham branch of the Pepys family, who, while agreeing with the
statement above as to the Diarist’s pronunciation, reminds me that his
branch have pronounced the name as “Pep-pis” for at least one hundred
years. In favour of this pronunciation Mr. Pepys adds that the French
branch, which is now settled at La Rochelle, but came from Languedoc
and originally from Italy (where the name exists as “Peppi”), now spell
the name “Pepy.”
[Illustration: Decoration]
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PREFACE v
CHAP. I. PEPYS BEFORE THE DIARY 1
″ II. PEPYS IN THE DIARY 16
″ III. PEPYS AFTER THE DIARY 46
″ IV. TANGIER 63
″ V. PEPYS’S BOOKS AND COLLECTIONS 77
″ VI. LONDON 100
″ VII. PEPYS’S RELATIONS, FRIENDS, AND
ACQUAINTANCES 116
″ VIII. THE NAVY 128
″ IX. THE COURT 159
″ X. PUBLIC CHARACTERS 183
″ XI. MANNERS 199
″ XII. AMUSEMENTS 217
″ XIII. CONCLUSION 232
APPENDIX I. PORTRAITS OF PEPYS 237
″ II. SCHEMES OF ALEXANDER MARCHANT, SIEUR
DE ST. MICHEL (MRS. PEPYS’S FATHER) 241
″ III. PEPYS’S MANUSCRIPTS AT OXFORD 251
″ IV. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 252
″ V. PEPYS’S CORRESPONDENTS 254
″ VI. LIST OF SECRETARIES OF THE ADMIRALTY,
CLERKS OF THE ACTS, &C., DRAWN UP BY
COLONEL PASLEY, R.E. 266
″ VII. PLAYS WHICH PEPYS SAW ACTED 289
INDEX 297
[Illustration: Decoration]
SAMUEL PEPYS AND THE WORLD HE LIVED IN.
CHAPTER I.
PEPYS BEFORE THE DIARY.
“He was a _pollard_ man, without the _top_ (_i. e._ the reason as the
source of ideas, or immediate yet not sensuous truths, having their
evidence in themselves; or the imagination or idealizing power, by
symbols mediating between the reason and the understanding), but on
this account more broadly and luxuriantly branching out from the upper
trunk.”--COLERIDGE’s MS. note in his copy of the “Diary” (_Notes and
Queries_, 1st S. vol. vi. p. 215).
Samuel Pepys was the first of a well-established stock to make a
name in the outer world, but since his time the family can boast of
having had amongst its members a Court physician, a bishop, and a lord
chancellor.
The earliest recorded Pepys was named Thomas, and appears, on the
authority of the Court Rolls of the manor of Pelhams, in Cottenham, to
have been bailiff of the Abbot of Crowland’s lands in Cambridgeshire,
in the early part of the reign of Henry VI.[1] From that time the
family flourished, and there seems to be some reason for believing that
certain members enriched themselves with the spoils of the abbey lands
in the time of Henry VIII.
Before the Diarist became known, one of the most distinguished members
of the family was Richard Pepys, created Lord Chief Justice of Ireland
by Charles I. When the King was executed, Richard resigned his office;
but he enjoyed the favour of Cromwell, and resumed the place. As he did
not die until 1678, it is strange that there should be no allusion to
him in the “Diary.”
The branch from which Samuel was descended had not much money; and his
father, being a younger son, came to London and became a tailor. This
descent in the social scale has caused much misapprehension, and his
enemies did not forget to taunt him on his connection with tailoring;
but it is a well-accredited axiom that trade does not injure gentry.
Some remarks of Pepys himself upon his family have been greatly
misunderstood. Referring to the non-appearance of any account of the
Pepyses in Fuller’s “Worthies,” he writes:--“But I believe, indeed, our
family were never considerable.”[2] Dr. Doran paraphrased this into:
“Let others say of his family what they might: he, for his own part,
did not believe that it was of anything like gentle descent.”[3] This
is a pure blunder, for Pepys merely meant that none of the family had
made much mark; and he would have been very indignant had any one told
him that they were not gentle.
Samuel, the fifth child of John and Margaret Pepys, was born on
February 23rd, 1632, either at Brampton, a village near Huntingdon, or
in London. There is something to be said in favour of each supposition,
but, as the registers of Brampton church do not commence until the
year 1654,[4] the question cannot now be definitely settled. We have
Pepys’s own authority for the statement that his father and mother were
married at Newington, in Surrey, on October 15th, 1626.[5] The register
of marriages of St. Mary, Newington, has been searched, but the name
of Pepys occurs neither in the years 1625, 1626, nor in 1627,[6] and
Mrs. John Pepys’s maiden name is still unknown. In early youth, Samuel
went to a school at Huntingdon, as appears by a passage in the “Diary”
(March 15th, 1659–60), where he writes: “I met Tom Alcock, one that
went to school with me at Huntingdon, but I had not seen him this
sixteen years.” He seems to have spent his youth pretty equally between
town and country, for on one occasion, when he was walking over the
fields to Kingsland, he remembered the time when, as a boy, he lived
there, and “used to shoot with my bow and arrow in these fields.”[7]
When he left Huntingdon he entered St. Paul’s School, and remained
there until he had reached the age of seventeen. In after life, on
the occasion of an official visit to Mercers’ Hall, he remembered the
time when he was a petitioner for his exhibition.[8] He was a stout
Roundhead in his boyish days, and this fact was remarked upon, to his
great chagrin, in after years, by his friend and schoolfellow Mr.
Christmas. He went to see the execution of Charles I. at Whitehall,
and made himself conspicuous by saying on his return that, were he to
preach upon the event of the day, he should select as his text the
verse: “The memory of the wicked shall rot.” He was in some fear that
Mr. Christmas might remember this also, but he was happy to find that
that gentleman had left school before the incident occurred.[9] Pepys
always took a lively interest in the welfare of his school, to which
references are frequently made in the “Diary.”
In 1650, his name occurs as a sizar on the boards of Trinity College,
Cambridge; but before going to reside at the University, on March 5,
1650–51,[10] he was entered at Magdalene College, having probably been
led to make the change by the greater inducements held out to him by
the latter college. Here he was elected into one of Mr. Spendluffe’s
scholarships in the following month; and two years later, on October
14, 1653, he was preferred to one on Dr. John Smith’s foundation. His
father was at this time described as a citizen of London.
Little is known of Samuel’s academic career, during which he does not
appear to have gained much distinction; and remarks in various parts
of the “Diary” show that his conduct was not such as became a Puritan.
The College books can be brought as a witness against him, for we learn
from that source that, on October 21st, 1653, “Peapys and Hind were
solemnly admonished ... for having been scandalously over-served with
drink the night before.” Still, we must not jump to the conclusion that
his time was entirely wasted, for he evidently carried into his busy
life a good stock of classical learning. It was while he was at the
University that he made the acquaintance of the learned Selden, from
whom he borrowed the collection of ballads which formed the basis of
the famous Pepysian collection. He relates that, while at Cambridge, he
wrote a romance entitled, “Love a Cheate,” which he tore up on the 30th
of January, 1663–64. This work of destruction must have been performed
with some feelings of regret, for he tells us that he rather liked
the tale, and wondered that he had ever been able to write so well.
His previous literary performances had consisted in the concocting of
some anagrams upon Mrs. Elizabeth Whittle, afterwards the wife of Sir
Stephen Fox.[11] It is not recorded at what time Pepys left college,
but it must have been either in 1654 or 1655. He was made Master of
Arts by proxy, in June, 1660, the grace being passed on the 26th of
that month.
On the 1st of December, 1655,[12] when he was still without any settled
means of support, Pepys married Elizabeth St. Michel, a beautiful
and portionless girl of fifteen. Although there is extant a letter
from Balthasar St. Michel to Pepys (dated from Deal, February 8th,
1673–74), in which the history of Mrs. Pepys’s family is set forth,
Lord Braybrooke was contented with the information on her monument,
and merely added that she was educated in a convent, which in point
of fact she was not. The letter alluded to was printed as far back as
the year 1841,[13] and yet I cannot find that the history contained in
it has ever been used by the biographers of Pepys. What is even more
remarkable than Lord Braybrooke’s silence respecting it, is the fact
that the Rev. John Smith, who published the letter, overlooked it when
he wrote his introduction. Mons. St. Michel was of a good family in
Anjou, but having turned Huguenot at the age of twenty-one, when in the
German service, his father disinherited him, and he was left penniless.
He came over to England in the retinue of Henrietta Maria, on her
marriage with Charles I., as one of her Majesty’s gentleman carvers;
but the Queen dismissed him on finding out that he was a Protestant,
and did not go to mass. Being a handsome man with courtly manners, he
gained the affections of the daughter of Sir Francis Kingsmall (lately
left a widow by an Irish squire), who married him against the wishes
of her family, and, with _£_1,500 which they raised, the newly-married
couple started for France, in the hope of recovering, if possible, some
part of the family estates. Unhappily, they were taken prisoners at
sea, with all their goods, by the Dunkirkers, and when released they
settled at Bideford, in Devonshire. Here, or near by, Elizabeth and
Balthasar and the rest of the family were born.
In course of time they all went to France, and the father, in command
of a company of foot, assisted at the taking of Dunkirk. He occupied
his time with propositions of perpetual motion and other visionary
schemes, and consequently brought himself and all dependent upon him to
the brink of poverty. While he was away from Paris, some devout Roman
Catholics persuaded Madame St. Michel to place her daughter in the
nunnery of the Ursulines. The father was enraged at this action, but
managed to get Elizabeth out of the nunnery after she had been there
twelve days. Thinking that France was a dangerous place to live in, he
hurried his family back to England, and shortly afterwards Elizabeth
married Pepys. Her father was greatly pleased that she had become the
wife of a true Protestant; and she herself said to him, kissing his
eyes, “Dear father, though in my tender years I was by my low fortune
in this world deluded to popery by the fond dictates thereof, I have
now (joined with my riper years, which give me more understanding) a
man to my husband too wise, and one too religious in the Protestant
religion, to suffer my thoughts to bend that way any more.”
There are several references in the “Diary” to Mrs. Pepys’s father
and mother, who seem never to have risen out of the state of poverty
into which they had sunk. On May 2, 1662, Mons. St. Michel took out a
patent, in concert with Sir John Collidon and Sir Edward Ford,[14] for
the purpose of curing smoky chimneys; but this scheme could not have
been very successful, as a few months afterwards he was preparing to
go to Germany in order to fight against the Turks.[15] Pepys gave him
some work to do in 1666, and Mrs. Pepys carried the account-books that
he was to rule; but such jobs as these must have given him but a sorry
living, and in the following year he again proposed to go abroad. Pepys
sent him three jacobuses in gold to help him on his journey.[16] We
hear nothing more of either father or mother, with the exception of
an allusion to their pleasure at seeing the prosperous state of their
daughter[17]--a prosperity in which they certainly did not share.
This account of Mrs. Pepys’s parentage has led us away from the early
days of Pepys, when, with improvident passion, he married his young
wife; and we will therefore return to the year 1655. Early marriages
were then far from uncommon, and Mrs. Pepys’s beauty was considered
as forming a very valid excuse for the improvidence of the match.
There seems to be some reason for believing that she was of a dark
complexion, for her husband on one occasion was mad with her for
dressing herself according to the fashion in fair hair.[18] Sir Edward
Montagu, who was Pepys’s first cousin one remove (Samuel’s grandfather
and Sir Edward’s mother being brother and sister), gave a helping hand
to the imprudent couple, and allowed them to live in his house. The
Diarist alludes to this time, when, some years afterwards, he writes of
how his wife “used to make coal fires, and wash” his “foul clothes with
her own hand,” in their little room at Lord Sandwich’s.[19]
Samuel does not appear to have lived with his father after he had grown
up, and as old John Pepys was not a very thriving tradesman, it seems
likely that Montagu had previously assisted his young kinsman. Indeed,
it was probably under his patronage that Samuel went to the University.
The Diarist seems to have held some official position in the year 1656,
because on Thursday, August 7th, a pass was granted “to John Pepys
and his man with necessaries for Holland, being on the desire of Mr.
Samˡˡ. Pepys.”[20] John Pepys had probably long been in the habit of
going backwards and forwards to Holland, for Samuel writes (January
24th, 1665–66): “We went through Horslydowne, where I never was since
a little boy, that I went to enquire after my father, whom we did
give over for lost coming from Holland.” Whether these journeys were
undertaken in the way of business, or whether they had any connection
with Montagu’s affairs, we cannot now tell. That Samuel acted as a
sort of agent for Montagu, we have evidence; and among the Rawlinson
Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library is a memorandum of the payment to
him on General Montagu’s part for the ransom of the Marquis of Baydez
(22nd January, 1656–57).
On March 26th, 1658, he underwent an operation for the stone, a disease
that seems to have been inherited. The operation was successfully
performed, and ever after he made a practice of celebrating the
anniversary of this important event in his life with thanksgiving.
In 1659 he accompanied Sir Edward Montagu in the “Naseby,” when that
admiral made his expedition to the Sound; and he was very surprised
to learn afterwards how negotiations had been carried on of which at
the time he was quite ignorant. This is not the place for a history
of the various stages that led to the Restoration, but a passing
allusion to one of these may be allowed here, as the particulars are
given in the “Diary.” When Sir Edward Montagu left England for the
Sound, he said to the Protector Richard, on parting with him, that
“he should rejoice more to see him in his grave at his return home,
than that he should give way to such things as were then in hatching,
and afterwards did ruin him.”[21] Finding the condition of affairs
in England hopeless, Montagu took advantage of this expedition to
correspond with Charles II.; but he had to be careful and secret, for
his fellow-plenipotentiary, Algernon Sidney, who suspected him, was
an enemy.[22] Pepys’s remark on finding out what had been going on
under his nose was, “I do from this raise an opinion of him, to be one
of the most secret men in the world, which I was not so convinced of
before.”[23]
On Pepys’s return to England he was employed in the office of Mr.,
afterwards Sir George, Downing, as a clerk of the Exchequer connected
with the pay of the army, and soon afterwards commenced to keep the
“Diary” which we now possess.
The account of the incidents of Pepys’s early life must be more or
less fragmentary, as they can be obtained merely from occasional
allusions; and it is only in the next chapter, in which we see Pepys
in the “Diary,” that we can obtain any full idea of the man as painted
by himself. Before passing on to this part of our subject, it will be
well to set down a few notes on the “Diary” as a book. The book has
thrown such a flood of light upon the history and manners of the middle
of the seventeenth century, that we are apt to forget the fact that
before the year 1825 the world knew nothing of this man of gossip. Yet
so ungrateful are we to our benefactors, that the publication of the
“Diary” did an immense injury to the writer’s reputation. Previously he
was known as a staid, trustworthy, and conscientious man of business;
as a patron of science and literature, and as a President of the Royal
Society. Jeremy Collier says, he was “a philosopher of the severest
morality.” Since 1825 we have been too apt to forget the excellence
of his official life, and to think of him only as a busybody and a
_quidnunc_.
When Pepys’s library was presented to Magdalene College, Cambridge,
by his nephew, John Jackson, in 1724, there were, among the other
treasures, six small volumes of closely-written MS. in shorthand
(upwards of three thousand pages in all), which attracted little or
no notice until after the publication of Evelyn’s “Diary.” Then it
was that the Hon. and Rev. George Neville, Master of the College,
drew them out of their obscurity, and submitted them to his kinsman,
the well-known statesman, Lord Grenville, who had as a law student
practised shorthand. Lord Grenville deciphered a few of the pages, and
drew up an alphabet and list of arbitrary signs. These were handed to
John Smith, an undergraduate of St. John’s College, who undertook to
decipher the whole. He commenced his labours in the spring of 1819,
and completed them in April, 1822--having thus worked for nearly three
years, usually for twelve and fourteen hours a day.[24] What was
remarkable in all this was, that in the Pepysian library there rested
a little volume which contained the account of Charles II.’s escape
after the battle of Worcester, taken down in shorthand by Pepys from
the King’s dictation, and written out by himself in long-hand. Here,
therefore, was the key that would have unlocked the “Diary” quite
overlooked. Lord Braybrooke made the statement that the cipher used
by Pepys “greatly resembled that known by the name of Rich’s system;”
but this was misleading, as the system really adopted was the earlier
one of Thomas Shelton. Mr. J. E. Bailey, F.S.A., communicated a very
valuable paper, “On the Cipher of Pepys’s Diary,” to the Manchester
Literary Club in 1876, in which he gave particulars of the various old
systems of shorthand, and expressed the opinion that Pepys made himself
familiar with Shelton’s “Tachygraphy”[25] while a student at Cambridge.
The earliest edition of Rich’s “Pen’s Dexterity” was published in 1654,
while in 1642 Shelton could refer to twenty years’ experience as a
shorthand-writer. When the Rev. Mynors Bright was about to decipher
the “Diary” afresh, he consulted Shelton’s book, a copy of which,
with other works on shorthand, is preserved in the Pepysian Library.
Mr. Bright informs us that, “When Pepys wished to keep anything
_particularly concealed_, he wrote his cipher generally in French,
sometimes in Latin, or Greek, or Spanish. This gave me a great deal of
trouble. Afterwards he changed his plan and put in _dummy_ letters.
I was quite puzzled at this, and was nearly giving up in despair the
hope of finding out his device, but at last, by rejecting every other
letter, I made out the words. It would have been better for Pepys’s
credit if these passages could not have been deciphered, as all of them
are quite unfit for publication.”
Pepys was a great lover of shorthand, and he was always ready to invent
a character, as it was then called, for a friend. He used the art in
drafting his public and private letters; and although he was forced
to discontinue his “Diary” in 1669, on account of the weakness of his
eyesight, he continued its use throughout his life.
We learn from the “Diary” itself some particulars of how it was
written. The incidents of each day were dotted down in short, and then
the writer shut himself up in his office to fill up all the details.
Sometimes he was in arrear: thus we read, on January 1st, 1662–63,
“So to my office to set down these two or three days’ journal;” on
September 24th, 1665, “Then I in the cabin to writing down my journal
for these last seven days to my great content;” and on November 10th,
1665, “Up and entered all my journal since the 28th of October, having
every day’s passage well in my head, though it troubles me to remember
it.”
Lord Braybrooke, who first introduced the “Diary” to the public, had no
very accurate notions of the duties of an editor; and he treated his
manuscript in a very unsatisfactory manner. Large portions were omitted
without explanation, and apparently without reason; and although much
was added to succeeding editions, still the reader might well say--
“That cruel something unpossess’d
Corrodes and leavens all the rest.”
The third edition, published in 1848, contained a large mass of
restored passages, amounting, it is said, to not less than one-fourth
of the entire work. Some fresh notes were added to the fourth edition,
published in 1854; but no alteration of the text was made beyond
“the correction of a few verbal errors and corrupt passages hitherto
overlooked.” Subsequent editions have been mere reprints of these. In
1875 appeared the first volume of the Rev. Mynors Bright’s entirely new
edition, with about one-third of matter never yet published, all of
which was of the true Pepysian flavour. Here was a treat for the lovers
of the “Diary” which they little expected.
Having traced the particulars of Pepys’s life to the year 1659, and
described the way in which the “Diary” was written, and the means by
which it first saw the light, I will now pass on to notice, in the next
chapter, the chief personal incidents recorded in the book itself.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] “Diary,” ed. Mynors Bright, vol. iv. p. 366; vol. vi. p. 306.
[2] “Diary,” Feb. 10, 1661–62.
[3] “Habits and Men,” p. 300.
[4] I am indebted to the kindness of the Rev. Herbert Bree, Rector of
Brampton, for this information.
[5] “Diary,” Dec. 31, 1664.
[6] “Notes and Queries,” 1st S. vol. xii. p. 102.
[7] “Diary,” May 12, 1667.
[8] Jan. 22, 1660–61.
[9] Nov. 1, 1660.
[10] “Did put on my gown first, March 5, 1650–51,” Dec. 31, 1664 (note).
[11] “Diary,” Nov. 11, 1660.
[12] Lord Braybrooke says October, but the “Athenæum” (1848, p. 551)
says December 1st.
[13] “Life, Journals, and Correspondence of S. Pepys,” vol. i. p. 146.
[14] “Diary,” Sept. 22, 1663. In the original patent (No. 138) St.
Michel’s name appears as Alexander Merchant of St. Michaell. (See
Appendix.)
[15] Jan. 4, 1663–64.
[16] June 21, 1667.
[17] Dec. 28, 1668.
[18] “Diary,” May 11, 1667.
[19] Feb. 25, 1666–67.
[20] Entry-Book No. 105 of the Protector’s Council of State, p. 327
(_quoted_, “Notes and Queries,” 5th S. vol. v. p. 508).
[21] “Diary,” June 21, 1660.
[22] March 8, 1664–65.
[23] Nov. 7, 1660.
[24] Smith afterwards took orders, and was presented to the rectory of
Baldock in Hertfordshire by Lord Brougham in 1832, at the instigation
of Harriet Martineau. In 1841 he published two octavo volumes,
entitled, “The Life, Journals, and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys,
Esq., F.R.S.” This wretchedly edited book contains the Tangier “Diary”
and much valuable information; but I cannot find that the information
has been used by the successive editors of the “Diary.” He died in 1870.
[25] “Tachygraphy. The most exact and compendious methode of short and
swift writing that hath ever yet beene published by any. Composed by
Thomas Shelton, author and professor of the said art. Approued by both
Unyuersities. Ps. 45, 1, My tongue is as the pen of a swift writer.”
1641.
[Illustration: Decoration]