THE MORAL LESSON.
Oscar had the name among his fellows of being a shrewd and sharp boy at
a bargain; and, like too many men who have acquired a similar
reputation, he was not over-scrupulous in his manner of conducting his
business operations. If he could drive a profitable trade, it mattered
little _how_ he did it; and if somebody else lost as much as he gained
by the bargain, that was not his business; every one must look out for
himself. So he reasoned, and so constantly did he act on this
principle, that, to tell the truth, his integrity was by no means
unimpeachable among his comrades. It was a very general opinion, that
in many of their boyish games, such as marbles, he would cheat if he
could get a chance; and the notion was equally prevalent, that in a
bargain, he was pretty sure to get decidedly the best end.
Oscar was very desirous that his dog Tiger should wear a brass collar,
by way of ornament and distinction. All other respectable dogs bore
upon their necks this badge of ownership, and he thought it highly
important that Tiger should be on a good footing with his canine
friends. But how to get the collar, was the question that perplexed
him. He had asked his father to buy it, and met with a flat refusal.
He had even called at several shops, and inquired the price of the
coveted article, but it was hopelessly beyond his means. The subject
lay heavily upon his mind for several days, for when he took a notion
that he wanted a thing, it was hard to reason or drive him out of it.
His thoughts and his dreams were of brass dog-collars, and his talk
among his companions run upon the same theme. At length, while
prosecuting his inquiries, he happened to learn that a little boy who
attended his school, owned just such a collar as he wanted, and had no
dog to wear it. Here was a chance for a speculation. Oscar lost no
time in seeing this boy, and in getting his lowest price for the
collar, which was fifty cents. This was much less than the price at
the shops, and Oscar thought his father might be induced, by this fact,
to let him have the money to purchase it; but Mr. Preston did not think
Tiger needed any such appendage, and Oscar's request was again denied.
Oscar now set his wits to work to devise a way of buying the collar,
without his father's aid. He looked over the little collection of
"goods and chattels," which he called his own, to see what there was he
could exchange for the article he wanted. His eye soon fell upon a
brass finger ring, and his plan was quickly formed. The ring had been
tumbled about among his playthings for a year or two, and was now dull
and dingy; but he remembered that he once cleaned and polished it, so
that it looked very much like gold, so long as the lustre lasted. He
subjected it to this process again, and it soon looked as well as the
plain gold ring he wore upon his finger, which it somewhat resembled in
size and color. Substituting it for the gold ring, he wore it to
school that afternoon; and a little negotiation, after school was
dismissed, settled the business--the coveted dog-collar was his!
Indeed, so craftily did he conduct the bargain, that he made the other
boy throw in a pretty ivory pocket-comb to boot! The little boy who
was thus cruelly deceived, supposed he was buying the ring that Oscar
usually wore; and, in truth, Oscar did give him to understand, in the
course of the barter, that it was fine gold, a point on which the other
boy did not appear to have much doubt.
Oscar did not dare to tell any one what a good bargain he had made, for
fear that the other boy would hear of it. Tiger appeared with a
handsome collar around his neck the next morning; and all the
explanation any one could get from his young master was, that he
"traded for it."
A week or two elapsed before Oscar's victim discovered the imposition
that had been practiced upon him. The ring, which had been proudly
worn, at length began to look dim and brassy; and on being submitted to
careful inspection, it was pronounced by competent authority to be not
worth one cent. The owner was of course indignant, and he went at once
to Oscar, and demanded a return of the collar and comb. But Oscar
laughed at the proposal.
"A bargain is a bargain," said he, "and there can't be any backing out,
after it's all settled. You agreed to the trade, and now you must
stick to it."
"But it was n't a fair bargain," said the other boy; "you told me the
ring was gold, and it is nothing but brass."
"No, I did n't tell you it was gold," replied Oscar. "You imagined
that. And I did n't tell you it was the one I wore either,--you
imagined that too. It was my other ring that I said was gold, and I
told you it cost two dollars, and so it did. I never told you this
ring was gold,--I recollect perfectly about it."
"Well, you know I supposed it was gold, or I would n't have traded for
it," replied the boy; "and besides, you made me think it was gold,
whether you really said it was or not."
"That was your look-out," said Oscar. "When a man sells a thing, he is
n't obliged to run it down. You must look out for yourself when you
make a bargain--that's what I do."
"I should think you did," replied the other; "and I guess I shall
remember your advice, if I ever trade with you again. There's your old
ring: now give me back my collar and comb," he continued, handing the
ring to Oscar.
"I shan't do any such thing," said Oscar, and he refused to take the
ring, and turned upon his heel, leaving the other boy in no very
pleasant state of mind.
"Then you 're a great cheat and a swindler," cried the victim,
gathering courage as Oscar retreated.
"And you 're a little greeny," replied Oscar, with a loud laugh.
Oscar had prepared his mind for this explosion of indignation, and
though he did not care much about it, he was glad it was over with. He
regarded the transaction which led to it as a shrewd business
operation, to be chuckled over, rather than repented of; and he had no
idea of spoiling it all, by undoing the bargain.
In Oscar's school, it was customary for the first class (of which he
was a member) to devote the first half hour of every Monday morning to
a lesson in morals. In these lessons, the duties which we owe to God,
to ourselves, and to one another, were explained and enforced.
Although a text-book was used, the teacher did not confine himself to
it, in the recitations, but mingled oral instruction with that
contained in the printed lessons, often taking up incidents that
occurred in school, to illustrate the principle he wished to establish.
It so happened that on the Monday morning after the occurrence just
related, the subject of the moral lesson was dishonesty. The various
forms of dishonesty,--theft, robbery, fraud, &c.,--were explained, and
the distinction between them pointed out. The teacher then proceeded
as follows:
"A gentleman was riding in the cars, one evening, when a newsboy passed
through the train, and he purchased a paper, giving the boy by mistake
a gold eagle instead of a cent. The boy noticed the mistake, but said
nothing about it. Albert, you may tell me what you think of that boy's
conduct."
"It was dishonest," replied Albert; "because he knew that the money did
not belong to him, and yet he kept it."
"But did not a part of the blame belong to the man who made the
mistake?" inquired the teacher.
Albert, after thinking a moment, replied:
"He was to blame for his carelessness, but not for the boy's
dishonesty."
"You are right," said the teacher. "The boy was guilty of stealing,
just as much as if he had picked the man's pocket, or broken into his
house. But suppose, instead of the mistake being to the amount of ten
dollars, it had only been a few cents,--how then?"
"It would have been just the same," replied the boy.
"But what if the man was very rich, and would never feel the loss,
while the boy was poor, and needed the money?"
"That would have made no difference," replied Albert.
"Very good," continued the teacher; "when an honest man discovers a
mistake in his own favor, he always hastens to rectify it. He will
receive only what he is entitled to. Robert," he added, addressing an
other pupil, "how is it with regard to lost articles?"
"When we find anything that has been lost," replied the boy addressed,
"we should try to ascertain the owner, and return the article to him."
"Is there any guilt in neglecting to do this?"
"Yes, sir, it is a kind of dishonesty."
"You are right," added the teacher; "the courts often punish men for
this very offence, for it is a species of theft. And how of borrowing
articles, and neglecting to return them,--is that honest?"
"It is not," replied Robert.
"Oscar," continued the teacher, "you may give your opinion of this
case: suppose one of your acquaintances wants a certain article
belonging to you, and by way of barter, offers you a finger-ring for
it. You take it for granted that the ring is gold, but a week or two
after the bargain is concluded, you discover that it is of brass, and
of no value what ever. The other boy knew all the while it was brass,
and also knew you supposed it was gold. What should you say of such a
transaction? Was it honest?"
Oscar turned red, and looked confused, as this question was put to him.
It was a minute or two before he made any reply, and then he said, in a
hesitating manner:
"If the other boy did n't _tell_ me it was gold, I don't see as he was
to blame."
"But we will suppose there was no need of his telling you so," added
the master; "we will suppose he managed the bargain so adroitly, that
you never suspected he was not dealing fairly with you. In that case,
should you think he had acted honestly towards you?"
"No, sir," replied Oscar, but it came out with the utmost reluctance.
"Certainly not," said the teacher; "it is dishonest to take advantage
of another's ignorance, or simplicity, or necessity, in a bargain.
Overreaching in trade is often dignified with the name of shrewdness,
but, for all that, it is contrary to the rule of honesty. And now I
have one more question to ask you: After you have discovered how your
comrade has imposed upon you, what should you expect of him?"
Oscar made no reply.
"Should you not expect him to make full restitution?"
"Yes, sir," he replied, in a scarcely audible voice.
"Of course you would," continued the master; "and if he refused, he
would deserve double punishment."
Several other forms of dishonesty were then considered, such as the
following;--withholding from another his just dues; contracting debts
which we know we cannot pay, or making promises we know we cannot
fulfil; wasting or injuring the property of others, &c. In concluding,
the teacher remarked, that it was not very pleasant to feel that we had
been wronged and cheated; but there was another feeling, a
thousand-fold more to be dreaded--the feeling that we have wronged and
cheated others. And so ended the moral lesson for that morning.
The particular bearing of this lesson upon Oscar, and the pertinency of
the "case" he was called to decide upon, were not generally known to
the class, though their suspicions might have been somewhat excited by
his confusion, and his reluctance to answer the questions put to him.
The teacher had been informed of Oscar's dishonest bargain by the boy
who suffered from it, and he chose this way to impress upon him the
immorality of the transaction. He concluded, however, to give him an
opportunity to make a voluntary restitution, and so no further
reference was made to the matter.
Oscar was wise enough to heed the warning. Before night, the brass
dog-collar and the ivory pocket-comb were returned to their rightful
owner.