CITOYENNE JOSEPHINE BONAPARTE.
A joyful commotion reigned on the eighth of November, 1797, in the
streets and public places of the German fortress of Rastadt. The whole
population of the lower classes had gathered in the streets, while the
more aristocratic inhabitants appeared at the open windows of their
houses in eager expectation of the remarkable event for which not only
the people of the whole city, but also the foreign ambassadors, a large
number of whom had arrived at Rastadt, were looking with the liveliest
symptoms of impatience.
And, indeed, a rare spectacle was in store for them. It was the arrival
of General Bonaparte and his wife Josephine that all were waiting for
this morning. They were not to arrive together, however, but both were
to reach the city by a different route. Josephine, who was expected
to arrive first, was coming from Milan by the shortest and most direct
route; while Bonaparte had undertaken a more extended journey from Campo
Formio through Italy and Switzerland. It was well known already that
he had been received everywhere with the most unbounded enthusiasm, and
that all nations had hailed him as the Messiah of liberty. There had not
been a single city that had not received him with splendid festivities,
and honors had been paid to him as though he were not only a triumphant
victor, but an exalted ruler, to whom every one was willing to submit.
Even free Switzerland had formed no exception. At Geneva the daughters
of the first and most distinguished families, clad in the French colors,
had presented to him in the name of the city a laurel-wreath. At Berne,
his carriage had passed through two lines of handsomely decorated
coaches, filled with beautiful und richly adorned ladies, who had hailed
him with the jubilant shout of “Long live the pacificator!”
In the same manner the highest honors had been paid to his wife
Josephine, who had been treated everywhere with the deference due to a
sovereign princess. The news of these splendid receptions had reached
Rastadt already; and it was but natural that the authorities and
citizens of the fortress did not wish to be outdone, and that they had
made extensive arrangements for welcoming the conqueror of Italy in a
becoming manner.
A magnificent triumphal arch had been erected in front of the gate
through which General Bonaparte was to enter the city, and under it
the city fathers, clad in their official robes, were waiting for the
victorious hero, in order to conduct him to the house that had been
selected for him. In front of this house, situated on the large
market-place, a number of young and pretty girls, dressed in white, and
carrying baskets with flowers and fruits which they were to lay at the
feet of the general’s beautiful wife, had assembled.
At the gate through which Josephine was to arrive, a brilliant cavalcade
of horsemen had gathered for the purpose of welcoming the lady of the
great French chieftain, and of escorting her as a guard of honor.
Among these cavaliers there were most of the ambassadors from the
different parts of Germany, who had met here at Rastadt in order to
accomplish the great work of peace. Every sovereign German prince, every
elector and independent count had sent his delegates to the
southwestern fortress for the purpose of negotiating with the French
plenipotentiaries concerning the future destinies of Germany. Even
Sweden had sent a representative, who had not appeared so much, however,
in order to take care of the interests of Swedish Pomerania, as to play
the part of a mediator and reconciler.
All these ambassadors had been allowed to enter Rastadt quietly and
entirely unnoticed. The GERMAN city had failed to pay any public honors
to these distinguished GERMAN noblemen; but every one hastened to
exhibit the greatest deference to the French general--and even the
ambassadors deemed it prudent to participate in these demonstrations:
only they tried to display, even on this occasion, their accustomed
diplomacy, and instead of receiving the victorious chieftain in the
capacity of humble vassals, they preferred to present their respects as
gallant cavaliers to his beautiful wife and to escort her into the city.
The German ambassadors, therefore, were waiting for Mme. General
Bonaparte on their magnificent prancing steeds in front of the gate
through which she was to pass. Even old Count Metternich, the delegate
of the Emperor of Austria and ruler of the empire, notwithstanding the
stiffness of his limbs, had mounted his horse; by his side the other two
ambassadors of Austria were halting--Count Lehrbach, the Austrian member
of the imperial commission, and Count Louis Cobenzl, who was acting as
a delegate for Bohemia and Hungary. Behind old Count Metternich, on a
splendid and most fiery charger, a young cavalier of tall figure and
rare manly beauty might be seen; it was young Count Clemens Metternich,
who was to represent the corporation of the Counts of Westphalia, and
to begin his official diplomatic career here at Rastadt under the eye
of his aged father. By his side the imposing and grave ambassadors of
Prussia made their appearance--Count Goertz, who at the time of the war
for the succession in Bavaria had played a part so important for Prussia
and so hostile to Austria; and Baron Dohm, no less distinguished as a
cavalier, than as a writer. Not far from them the representatives of
Bavaria, Saxony, Wurtemberg, and of the whole host of the so-called
“Immediates” [Footnote: The noblemen owning territory in the states of
secondary princes, but subject only to the authority of the emperor,
were called “Immediates.”] might be seen, whom the editors and
correspondents had joined, that had repaired to Rastadt in the hope of
finding there a perfect gold-mine for their greedy pens. But not merely
the German diplomatists and the aristocratic young men of Rastadt were
waiting here for the arrival of Mme. General Bonaparte; there was also
the whole crowd of French singers, actors, and adventurers who had
flocked to the Congress of Rastadt for the purpose of amusing the
distinguished noblemen and delegates by their vaudevilles, comedies,
and gay operas. Finally, there were also the French actresses and
ballet-girls, who, dressed in the highest style of fashion, were
occupying on one side of the road a long row of splendid carriages.
Many of these carriages were decorated on their doors with large
coats-of-arms, and a person well versed in heraldry might have easily
seen therefrom that these escutcheons indicated some of the noble
diplomatists on the other side of the road to be the owners of the
carriages. In fact, a very cordial and friendly understanding seemed to
prevail between the diplomatists and the ladies of the French theatre.
This was not only evident from the German diplomatists having lent their
carriages to the French ladies for the day’s reception, but likewise
from the ardent, tender, and amorous glances that were being exchanged
between them, from their significant smiles, and from their stealthy
nods and mute but eloquent greetings.
Suddenly, however, this inimical flirtation was interrupted by the rapid
approach of a courier. This was the signal announcing the impending
arrival of Josephine Bonaparte. In fact, the heads of four horses were
seen already in the distance; they came nearer and nearer, and now
the carriage drawn by these horses, and a lady occupying it, could be
plainly discerned.
It was a wonderful warm day in November. Josephine, therefore, had
caused the top of her carriage to be taken down, and the spectators
were able, not merely to behold her face, but to scan most leisurely her
whole figure and even her costume. The carriage had approached at full
gallop, but now, upon drawing near to the crowd assembled in front of
the gate, it slackened its speed, and every one had time and leisure to
contemplate the lady enthroned in the carriage. She was no longer in the
first bloom of youth; more than thirty years had passed already over
her head; they had deprived her complexion of its natural freshness, and
left the first slight traces of age upon her pure and noble forehead.
But her large dark eyes were beaming still in the imperishable fire of
her inward youth, and a sweet and winning smile, illuminating her whole
countenance as though a ray of the setting sun had fallen upon it, was
playing around her charming lips. Her graceful and elegant figure was
wrapped in a closely fitting gown of dark-green velvet, richly trimmed
with costly furs, and a small bonnet, likewise trimmed with furs,
covered her head, and under this bonnet luxuriant dark ringlets were
flowing down, surrounding the beautiful and noble oval of her face with
a most becoming frame.
Josephine Bonaparte was still a most attractive and lovely woman, and
on beholding her it was easily understood why Bonaparte, although much
younger, had been so fascinated by this charming lady and loved her with
such passionate tenderness.
The French actors now gave vent to their delight by loud cheers,
and rapturously waving their hats, they shouted: “Vive la citoyenne
Bonaparte! Vive l’august epouse de l’Italique!”
Josephine nodded eagerly and with affable condescension to the
enthusiastic crowd, and slowly passed on. On approaching the
diplomatists, she assumed a graver and more erect attitude; she
acknowledged the low, respectful obeisances of the cavaliers with the
distinguished, careless, and yet polite bearing of a queen, and seemed
to have for every one a grateful glance and a kind smile. Every one was
satisfied that she had especially noticed and distinguished him, and
every one, therefore, felt flattered and elated. From the diplomatists
she turned her face for a moment to the other side, toward the ladies
seated in the magnificent carriages. But her piercing eye, her delicate
womanly instinct told her at a glance that these ladies, in spite of the
splendor surrounding them, were no representatives of the aristocracy;
she therefore greeted them with a rapid nod, a kind smile, and a
graceful wave of her hand, and then averted her head again.
Her carriage now passed through the gate, the cavaliers surrounding it
on both sides, and thereby separating the distinguished lady from her
attendants, who were following her in four large coaches. These were
joined by the carriages of the actresses, by whose sides the heroes
of the stage were cantering and exhibiting their horsemanship to the
laughing belles with painted cheeks.
It was a long and brilliant procession with which Mme. General Bonaparte
made her entrance into Rastadt, and the last of the carriages had not
yet reached the gate, when Josephine’s carriage had already arrived on
the market-place and halted in front of the house she was to occupy with
her husband. Before the footman had had time to alight from the box,
Josephine herself had already opened the coach door in order to meet the
young ladies who were waiting for her at the door of her house, and
to give them a flattering proof of her affability. In polite haste she
descended from the carriage and stepped into their midst, tendering
her hands to those immediately surrounding her, and whispering grateful
words of thanks to them for the beautiful flowers and fruits, and
thanking the more distant girls with winning nods and smiling glances.
Her manners were aristocratic and withal simple; every gesture of hers,
every nod, every wave of her hand was queenly and yet modest, unassuming
and entirely devoid of haughtiness, just as it behooved a prominent
daughter of the great Republic which had chosen for her motto “Liberte,
egalite, fraternite.”
Laden with flowers, and laughing as merrily as a young girl, Josephine
finally entered the house; in the hall of the latter the ladies of the
French ambassadors, the wives and daughters of Bonnier Reberjot and Jean
Debry, were waiting for her. Josephine, who among the young girls just
now had been all hilarity, grace, and familiarity, now again assumed the
bearing of a distinguished lady, of the consort of General Bonaparte,
and received the salutations of the ladies with condescending reserve.
She handed, however, to each of the ladies one of her splendid bouquets,
and had a pleasant word for every one. On arriving at the door of
the rooms destined for her private use, she dismissed the ladies and
beckoned her maid to follow her.
“Now, Amelia,” she said hurriedly, as soon as the door had closed
behind them--“now let us immediately attend to my wardrobe. I know
Bonaparte--he is always impetuous and impatient, and he regularly
arrives sooner than he has stated himself. He was to be here at two
o’clock, but he will arrive at one o’clock, and it is now almost noon.
Have the trunks brought up at once, for it is high time for me to
dress.”
Amelia hastened to carry out her mistress’s orders, and Josephine was
alone. She hurriedly stepped to the large looking-glass in the bedroom
and closely scanned in it her own features.
“Oh, oh! I am growing old,” she muttered after a while. “Bonaparte must
love me tenderly, very tenderly, not to notice it, or I must use great
skill not to let him see it. Eh bien, nous verrons!”
And she glanced at herself with such a triumphant, charming smile that
her features at once seemed to grow younger by ten years. “Oh, he shall
find me beautiful--he shall love me,” she whispered, “for I love him so
tenderly.”
Just then Amelia entered loaded with bandboxes and cartons, and
followed by the servants carrying the heavy trunks. Josephine personally
superintended the lowering of the trunks for the purpose of preventing
the men from injuring any of those delicate cartons; and when every
thing was at last duly arranged, she looked around with the triumphant
air of a great general mustering his troops and conceiving the plans for
his battle.
“Now lock the door and admit no one, Amelia,” she said, rapidly
divesting herself of her travelling-dress. “Within an hour I must be
ready to receive the general. But stop! We must first think of
Zephyr, who is sick and exhausted. The dear little fellow cannot stand
travelling in a coach. He frequently looked at me on the road most
dolorously and imploringly, as if he wanted to beseech me to discontinue
these eternal travels. Come, Zephyr; come, my dear little fellow.”
On hearing her voice, a small, fat pug-dog, with a morose face and a
black nose, arose from the trunk on which he had been lying, and waddled
slowly and lazily to his mistress.
“I really believe Zephyr is angry with me,” exclaimed Josephine,
laughing heartily. “Just look at him, Amelia--just notice this
reserved twinkling of his eyes, this snuffling pug-nose of his, this
proudly-erect head that seems to smell roast meat and at the same time
to utter invectives! He exactly resembles my friend Tallien when the
latter is making love to the ladies. Come, my little Tallien, I will
give you some sweetmeats, but in return you must be kind and amiable
toward Bonaparte; you must not bark so furiously when he enters; you
must not snap at his legs when he gives me a kiss; you must not snarl
when he inadvertently steps on your toes. Oh, be gentle, kind, and
amiable, my beautiful Zephyr, so as not to exasperate Bonaparte, for you
know very well that he does not like dogs, and that he would throw you
out of the window rather than suffer you at my feet.”
Patting the dog tenderly, she lifted him upon an arm-chair, and then
spread out biscuits and sweetmeats before him, which Zephyr commenced
examining with a dignified snuffling of the nose.
“Now, Amelia, we will attend to my toilet,” said Josephine, when she saw
that Zephyr condescended to eat some of the biscuits.
Amelia had opened all the trunks and placed a large number of small jars
and vials on the dressing-table. Josephine’s beauty stood already
in need of some assistance, and the amiable lady was by no means
disinclined to resort to cosmetics for this purpose. It is true, the
republican customs of the times despised rouge, for the latter had been
very fashionable during the reign of the “tyrant” Louis XVI., and Marie
Antoinette had greatly patronized this fashion and always painted
her cheeks. Nevertheless Josephine found rouge to be an indispensable
complement to beauty, and, as public opinion was adverse to it, she kept
her use of it profoundly secret. Amelia alone saw and knew it--Amelia
alone was a witness to all the little secrets and artifices by which
Josephine, the woman of thirty-three years, had to bolster up her
beauty. But only the head stood in need of some artificial assistance.
The body was as yet youthful, prepossessing, and remarkable for its
attractiveness and luxuriant forms, and when Josephine now had finished
her task, she was truly a woman of enchanting beauty and loveliness.
Her eyes were so radiant and fiery, her smile so sweet and sure of her
impending triumph, and the heavy white silk dress closely enveloped
her figure, lending an additional charm to its graceful and classical
outlines.
“Now, a few jewels,” said Josephine; “give me some diamonds, Amelia;
Bonaparte likes brilliant, sparkling trinkets. Come, I will select them
myself.”
She took from Amelia’s hands the large case containing all of her
caskets, and glanced at them with a smile of great satisfaction.
“Italy is very rich in precious trinkets and rare gems,” she said, with
a gentle shake of her head. “When, a few months ago, I came thither from
Paris, I had only three caskets, and the jewelry they contained was not
very valuable. Now, I count here twenty-four etuis, and they are filled
with the choicest trinkets. Just look at these magnificent pearls which
the Marquis de Lambertin has given to me. He is an old man, and I could
not refuse his princely gift. This casket contains a bracelet which
Mancini, the last Doge of Venice, presented to me, and which he
assured me was wrought by Benvenuto Cellini for one of his
great-great-grandmothers. This splendid set of corals and diamonds was
given to me by the city of Genoa when she implored my protection and
begged me to intercede with Bonaparte for her. And here--but do you not
hear the shouts? What does it mean! Should Bonaparte--”
She did not finish the sentence, but hastened to the window. The
market-place, which she was able to overlook from there, was now crowded
with people, but the dense masses had not assembled for the purpose of
seeing Josephine. All eyes were directed toward yonder street from which
constantly fresh and jubilant crowds of people were hurrying toward
the market-place, and where tremendous cheers, approaching closer and
closer, resounded like the angry roar of the sea. Now some white dots
might be discerned in the midst of the surging black mass. They came
nearer and grew more distinct; these dots were the heads of white
horses. They advanced very slowly, but the cheers made the welkin ring
more rapidly and were reechoed by thousands and thousands of voices.
Amidst these jubilant cheers the procession drew near, now it turned
from the street into the market-place. Josephine, uttering a joyful
cry, opened the window and waved her hand, for it was Bonaparte whom the
excited masses were cheering.
He sat all alone in an open barouche, drawn by six milk-white horses
magnificently caparisoned in a silver harness. [Footnote: “These six
horses with their magnificent harness were a gift from the Emperor of
Austria, who had presented them to Bonaparte after the peace of Campo
Fonnio. Bonaparte had rejected all other offers.”--Bourrienne, vol. 1.,
p. 389.]
Leaning back into the cushions in a careless and fatigued manner, he
scarcely seemed to notice the tremendous ovation that was tendered
to him. His face looked pale and tired; a cloud had settled on his
expansive marble forehead, and when he from time to time bowed his
thanks, he did so with a weary and melancholy smile. But it was exactly
this cold, tranquil demeanor, this humble reserve, this pale and gloomy
countenance that seemed to strike the spectators and fill them with
a feeling of strange delight and wondering awe. In this pale, cold,
sombre, and imposing face there was scarcely a feature that seemed to
belong to a mortal, earth-born being. It seemed as though the spectre of
one of the old Roman imperators, as though the shadow of Julius Caesar
had taken a seat in that carriage, and allowed the milk-white horses
to draw him into the surging bustle and turmoil of life. People were
cheering half from astonishment, half from fear; they were shouting,
“Long live Bonaparte!” as if they wanted to satisfy themselves that he
was really alive, and not merely the image of an antique imperator.
The carriage now stopped in front of the house. Before rising from
his seat, Bonaparte raised his eyes hastily to the windows. On seeing
Josephine, who stood at the open window, his features became more
animated, and a long, fiery flash from his eyes struck her face. But he
did not salute her, and the cloud on his brow grew even gloomier than
before.
“He is in bad humor and angry,” whispered Josephine, closing the window,
“and I am afraid he is angry with me. Good Heaven! what can it be
again? What may be the cause of his anger? I am sure I have committed no
imprudence--”
Just then the door was hastily opened, and Bonaparte entered.