THE MOSQUES AND THEIR SERVICES.
The mosque is the Mohammedan holy temple or church. There is one in
most every community which has been erected by lords or rich people. In
the cities they have some magnificent mosques built of stone and brick.
A mosque is divided into several small rooms and two large halls. One
hall is for winter service, the other for summer. The summer hall is in
the front end of the building, is enclosed with three walls, the front
being open. The pillars that guard the entrance to this hall are
adorned with artistic designs. The interior walls of the mosque are
painted white and on them are inscribed in large letters numerous
verses from the Koran. The floors of the halls are not covered with
carpets or rugs, as they would be stolen; but there are cheap mats made
of reeds on the floor. There are no chairs but the worshipers sit on
the floor.
It is believed that any man who builds a mosque has remission of his
sins. It gives him great reputation and he is known as a holy and
religious man. There are some very old mosques, a few having stood as
long as 900 years. In some instances Christian churches have been
converted into mosques in times of persecution. In the city of Oroomiah
one very fine church was converted into a mosque about 600 years ago.
It is a very large building with a high steeple and stands in the heart
of the city, surrounded by fine grounds of about three acres. The
grounds are surrounded by high wall, inside of which are rows of small
buildings divided into rooms and used by students. These were
originally used by the Christians as a kind of a university. Even
to-day the door facing the east which Christians entered to worship
Jesus remains. When the Mohammedans took possession of the building a
new door was made on the south side facing the holy city of Mecca.
Mosques are regarded as holy and no animal is allowed to step in,
especially dogs. If a Mohammedan knew that dogs sometimes enter
Christian churches they would despise Christians the more. Jews and
Christians are not allowed to enter a mosque. They can only stand
before the door and listen solemnly.
The Mohammedans have no bells on their mosques. They say Satan is in
the bell, and that its sound is the sound of Satan. Sometimes they stop
our bells, saying that Allah will not accept their prayers on account
of our bells.
They have no bell, but a man, sometimes a Mool-lah, who ascends to the
roof of the mosque three times daily, morning, noon and night and in a
loud voice calls men to prayer. The call is made in the following
words: "Al-lah Ak-par." This means Almighty God and is repeated three
times. Then he continues: "Ashuddu-in-nah la il-la-ha ella Allah,"
meaning, "I testify that there is no god but God." "Ashud-du in-nah
Mohammed rus-sool Al-lah," meaning, "I testify that Mohammed is the
only apostle of God." "Hay-ya alal sa-lah," meaning, "Hasten to prayer."
"Hay-ya alal falah," meaning, "Hasten to the place of refuge and hope."
"Hay-ya allal Kher-ul amal," meaning, "Hasten to do good works." The
call is concluded by again repeating three times the words, "Allah
Ak-par."
The mosque is open day and night, and men may come into prayer at any
hour. Friday is holy day and corresponds somewhat to the Christian
Sunday. No man is chastised if he works on Friday but all faithful
Mohammedans attend public services on that day. The services in the
mosques of the cities are conducted by Muj-ta-hids or high priests. The
priest starts to the house of worship when he hears the voice of the
Mah-zin calling to prayer from the top of the mosque. He is accompanied
by eight or ten servants beside numbers of worshipers who may fall in
line with the holy man. When he enters the assembled worshipers rise to
their feet and remain standing until the priest has seated himself in
the pulpit. He will recite from the Koran and tell traditions in a
chanting voice. Women are allowed to attend these services but they are
required to sit in one corner of the mosque apart from men.
SPECIAL SERVICES.
Among Muj-ta-hids two titles are given to those who excel in holiness,
viz., Pish-Namaz and Imam-Ju-ma. The former means mediator in prayer;
the latter, the prophet of holy Friday. They are indeed more devoted to
their faith and at the same time more fanatical in their hatred for
Christianity. When one of these priests goes to the mosque he wears a
large turban on his head, some of them costing $50, a cloak of fur, a
staff with gold or silver handle. He wears a long beard which is
painted black. Following him is a procession of from fifty to one
hundred men, mostly mollah, or lower class, who are faithful Moslems.
Proceeding toward the mosque with slow and solemn tread, he is saluted
by the people of all classes along the street by their rising to their
feet, crossing the breast with the arms and reverently bowing before
him, uttering the words "Sallam ali-Kun Agha," which means "peace be
unto you, sir." This service occurs on holy Friday Sometimes 2,000 or
3,000 men will be gathered in the mosque. Women are not admitted in
these most holy and solemn services. The Muj-ta-hid stands in the front
part of the mosque, facing Mecca, and all the audience is back of him.
As he advances in the prayer all the people repeat what he prays. They
imitate every motion he makes. When he kneels, they kneel. When he puts
the end of his front fingers in his ears, the entire audience does the
same. They believe all prayers which are prayed in that way are
accepted through his mediatorial prayer.
[Illustration: PRIESTS AT WORSHIP.]